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1
Snow, Anne V. "Specifying the Boundaries of Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not Otherwise Specified: Comparisons to Autism and other Developmental Disabilities on Parent-Reported Autism Symptoms and Adaptive and Behavior Problems." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1245250357.
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Lourenção, Luciana Cristina. "Reconhecimento de faces familiares em indivíduos com síndrome de Asperger e transtorno invasivo do desenvolvimento sem outra especificação." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2008. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1698.
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Previous issue date: 2008-08-14Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) refer to a group of persistent and long-lasting behavioral disturbances characterized by qualitative implications on communication and social interaction, restrictive patterns of interests and stereotyped behaviors. Evidences have pointed to an atypical style of visual processing in autism, which is a condition belonging to PDD. This research was carried out in order to verify the familial and not familial face processing in children with Asperger syndrome (AS) or with Not Specified PDD (PDD-NOS) and to compare it with the same processing in control-children. Pictures of holistic faces (whole face and profile) and of parts of the face (eyes, nose and mouth) were presented to the children in a computer screen. The case-group refers to seven children with AS or PDD-NOS, and the control-group included other seven children with typical development. Children were 6-12 year old. All children had minimal IQ = 70 (WISC). Diagnoses of AS and PDD-NOS was established by the application of the Autism Screening Questionnaire (ASQ) and the Screening Questionnaire for Asperger Syndrome (ASSQ). Significant differences (p = 0,018) were observed inside the case-group when compared the success frequencies of familial (100%) and not familial (42%) faces. There were no significant differences between case and control groups in relation with success frequencies and time spent for familial whole faces processing. It is supposed that individuals with AS or PDD-NOS are able to develop an holistic style for processing very close familial whole faces.
Os Transtornos Invasivos do Desenvolvimento (TID) constituem um grupo de desordens do comportamento duradouras e persistentes que se caracterizam por comprometimento qualitativo da comunicação e da interação social, padrões restritos de interesses e presença de comportamentos estereotipados e maneirismos. Evidências crescentes mostram um estilo de processamento visual atípico no autismo, que faz parte desse grupo de desordens. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o reconhecimento de faces familiares e não familiares em indivíduos com síndrome de Asperger (SA) e com TID Sem Outra Especificação (TID-SOE) e compará-lo com o de um grupo-controle. Para tanto, utilizaram-se figuras de faces familiares holísticas (face inteira e perfil) ou de partes da face (olho, nariz e boca). Participaram da pesquisa 14 crianças do sexo masculino com idades variando de 6 a 12 anos. As sete crianças com SA e TID-SOE formaram o grupo-caso, e outras sete com desenvolvimento típico, o grupo-controle. Foi estabelecido como critério de inclusão QI mínimo de 70, avaliado pelo WISC em toda a amostra. As crianças do grupo-caso foram avaliadas com a aplicação do Autism Screening Questionnaire (ASQ) e do Screening Questionnaire for Asperger Syndrome (ASSQ). Considerando o grupo-caso, encontrou-se diferença significativa (p = 0,018) nos acertos quando comparadas figuras de faces familiares (100%) e não familiares (42%). Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos em relação ao número de acertos e ao tempo necessário para o reconhecimento da prancha familiar de face inteira. Supõe-se que os indivíduos com SA e TID-SOE conseguem desenvolver uma forma holística de processamento mediante uma face inteira familiar muito íntima.
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Hall, Kristy Lynne. "Evaluation of the Pervasive Developmental Disorder Behavior Inventory." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1276866268.
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Batchelor, Casey Jane. "Correlates of adaptation in families of children with pervasive developmental disorder." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0005/MQ43138.pdf.
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Taneja, Chand. "Does the nonverbal learning disabilities, NLD, Scale distinguish between subtypes of pervasive developmental disorder?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62292.pdf.
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Uono, Shota. "Psychological and Neural Bases of Social Cognitive Dysfunction in Individuals with Pervasive Developmental Disorder." Kyoto University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142270.
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Aldred, Catherine Rose. "Social communication intervention for children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder : a randomised controlled trial." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2003. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488388.
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Ballard, Jaime Elizabeth. "Cost-Effectiveness of Treating Pervasive Developmental Disorders: A Comparison by Treatment Modality." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3925.
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This study examined the costs of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) treatment in a large healthcare organization. When compared to individual therapy and mixed therapy, family therapy had significantly fewer sessions, fewer episodes of care, and better cost-effectiveness. Individual therapy had significantly shorter treatment length than mixed therapy. There were no differences in treatment length or number of episodes by license, but dropout and cost-effectiveness were significantly different. Medical doctors had the highest dropout and best cost-effectiveness, while Marriage and Family Therapists had the lowest dropout and Masters of Social Work had the poorest cost-effectiveness. Children had significantly higher dropout than other age groups. An autism diagnosis was associated with fewer sessions but additional episodes of care when compared to PDD. Having a comorbid diagnosis is associated with longer treatment length but slightly fewer episodes of care. A regression model to predict number of episodes of care by intensity of treatment, provider type, and modality, intensity of treatment explained only 6% of the variance.
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Kruzynski, Anna. "Play in toddlers with pervasive developmental disorder and autism : alternative assessment procedures and impact of treatment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/MQ44328.pdf.
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Tang, Lisa Choy. "Psychological well-being in parents of children with pervasive developmental disorders and attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Russell, Ginny. "Diagnosing autism spectrum disorders in children : medical and social perspectives." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3188.
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In this submission, five articles are presented examining one theme: diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children. Three articles provides perspectives on various social and medical factors that influence the diagnosis of ASD, and the others examine social and behavioural outcomes for children diagnosed with ASD. One article provides an in depth examination of the dilemmas of diagnosis from a parental perspective. The research utilized both qualitative and quantitative methods. A secondary analysis of a longitudinal birth cohort study revealed that there were a number of children who had autistic traits equally severe as those with clinical diagnosis. Further analysis exposed a possible gender bias in diagnosis. Outcomes for children with ASD diagnoses were worse than for those without diagnoses but with comparable behaviours as preschoolers. ASD diagnosis apparently had no positive effect on the developmental trajectory of prosocial behaviour. The implications of these results are discussed. Analysis of qualitative data collected in semi-structured interviews with parents of both diagnosed and undiagnosed children exposed dilemmas faced by parents as they contemplated an ASD diagnosis and highlighted parental action to de-stigmatise the condition after diagnosis had been applied. The body of work as a whole falls at the junction of clinical and educational psychology, developmental psychology, social psychology, social psychiatry, sociology and epidemiology. It draws attention to a number of social processes that contribute to ASD diagnosis. Overall, it is argued, the work supports the conceptualisation of ASD as both a biologically and socially determined condition.
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MOLLOY, CYNTHIA ANN. "ASSESSMENT OF POSTURAL STABILITY IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1006206215.
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Schwartz, Caley Bryce. "Predicting Variation in Social Outcome among Adolescents with High-Functioning Autism." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/249.
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Even among the most high-functioning individuals with autism, there is a wide range of variation in outcome. This study examined within-child factors, such as temperament, that contribute to variation in social outcomes, the most salient area of deficit among individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA). Approach/withdrawal tendencies and effortful control were used to predict variation in symptoms and social skills. A unique multi-method approach employing self- and parent-report measures, physiological assessment, and social observation was used to determine whether temperament could be used to predict variation in social skills and symptom presentation. Results indicated that compared with an age- and gender-matched control group, the HFA group self-reported higher levels of negative affect and lower levels of surgency and were observed to exhibit higher levels of approach tendencies and lower levels of social skills. Across all participants, higher levels of effortful control were predictive of more adaptive social skills and higher levels of observed approach behavior were predictive of higher levels of anxiety. These results are discussed in relation to the variability in outcomes seen among individuals with autism and the implications for the development of interventions to enhance adaptive outcomes.
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Kamio, Yoko. "Automatic processing of emotional faces in children and adolescents with high-functioning pervasive developmental disorder : an affective priming study." Kyoto University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135886.
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Marinko-Shrivers, Jeff. "Performance on the automatized penn facial discrimination task by children with pervasive developmental disorder/ autism : consideration of neuropsychological processing modalities /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487942182324717.
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Cassel, Tricia D. "Examination of the Communicative Deficits Associated with the Broad Phenotype of Autism in Infant Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/129.
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Infants with older siblings on the autism spectrum (ASD-sibs) are at risk for socio-emotional difficulties. ASD-sibs were compared to children of typically developing siblings (TD-sibs) in the Face-to-Face/Still-Face (FFSF) at 6 months and the Early Social Communication Scales (ESCS) at 8, 10, 12, 15, and 18 months. ASD-sibs exhibited non-significant trends to smile less and display more neutral affect than TD-sibs during the FFSF. There was a significant status by gender interaction such that male ASD-sibs showed less smiling and lower affective valence compared to male TD-sibs. Additionally, ASD-sibs showed a lack of emotional continuity in the FFSF. ASD-sibs displayed less initiating joint attention, initiating behavioral requesting, and responding to joint attention over time than TD-sibs. Results are discussed with respect to the social orienting model of autism.
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Ivey, Michelle Louise. "Priming as a Means of Increasing Spontaneous Verbal Language in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/epse_diss/56.
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ABSTRACT THE EFFECTS OF PRIMING ON SPONTANEOUS VERBAL LANGUAGE IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS by Michelle L. Ivey A multi-element design was used to investigate the effect of priming on spontaneous verbal communication in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Three children with ASD engaged in 20-minute thematic activity sessions (ACT) with the investigator. Prior to the ACTs, they met with another trained researcher for 10-minute presessions. Half of the presessions incorporated the conventions of priming with materials to be used in the upcoming ACT (i.e., related presessions; RP). During the other half of the presessions, participants were not primed for the upcoming ACT (i.e., unrelated presesessions; UP). The researcher conducted presessions so the investigator was blind to the condition. Procedural fidelity checks of the presessions, based on a checklist of the critical components of priming, revealed 100% adherence to procedures. Participants’ utterances during ACT were recorded, transcribed, and coded based on functionality. The dependent variables were spontaneous comments, requests, topic initiations, social information seeking, and total. Once the criterion of a 30% increase from the mean of the first 3 UP was achieved for three consecutive sessions, priming was withdrawn and then reinstated to demonstrate a functional relation. Additionally, Cohen's d was calculated to determine effect size for the intervention. Reliability was assessed for transcription and coding. There were fewer than 10 word disagreements on any transcript, which did not affect coding. A line by line comparison of the coding across the dependent variables yielded an average reliability of 85%. Visual inspection of the data and statistical analysis revealed that two of the three participants reached criterion for spontaneous comments (Cohen's d = .32 and .95), one reached criterion for total utterances (Cohen's d = 2.99), the other achieved the goal during the reinstatement following the withdrawal (Cohen’s d = 1.00). None increased requesting. Topic initiation and social information seeking did not occur with sufficient frequency for meaningful analyses. Similar to most interventions with individuals with ASD, priming was effective for increasing spontaneous verbal comments for some but not all of the participants. Priming was highly effective for two of the participants. This ground-breaking study creates momentum for further investigation and examination of the variables that affect benefit.
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Braunstein, Valeria Campinas. "Escolarização de pessoas com transtornos globais do desenvolvimento: possibilidades de atuação no campo da psicologia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-10122012-145930/.
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Este trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, que teve como objetivos descrever os parâmetros que norteiam práticas em psicologia escolar frente às demandas relacionadas ao aluno com Transtornos Globais do Desenvolvimento. Apresenta a demanda, a compreensão desses transtornos dos pontos de vista médico e social, algumas possibilidades de atuação em psicologia e subsídios para a formação profissional. À luz de uma psicologia que se propõe crítica, discute-se a atuação de profissionais no trabalho junto a esses alunos, a escolas e equipes multidisciplinares. Ao final, discute um fazer do psicólogo, que espelha a diversidade, tanto da ciência psicológica, enquanto teorias e práticas, quanto da sociedade. Concluímos ser indispensável o trabalho do psicólogo nas escolas, porém nota-se a emergente necessidade de repensar as intervenções de modo que as mesmas possam contribuir coletivamente e efetivamente para a democratização do ensino e para a transformação social.This work is the result of a qualitative research, which aimed to describe the parameters that guide the practice of school psychology to meet the demands related to the student with a Pervasive Developmental Disorder-PDD. Displays the demand, the understanding of disorders of the views medical and social, some possibilities of action in psychology, and subsidies for vocational training. In the light of a critical psychology that proposes, discuss the role of professionals in working with the student, school and multidisciplinary teams. At the end, making a show psychologist that reflects the diversity of both the psychological science as theories and practices, and the society. We concluded that the work of psychologists in schools is essential, but we can see the emerging need to rethink the interventions so that they can collectively and effectively contribute to the democratization of education and to social transformation
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Whaley, Carol Hendrix. "Special Education Teachers' and Speech Therapists' Knowledge of Autism Spectrum Disorder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/717.
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The purpose of this study was to survey special education teachers and speech therapists in eleven school districts in Northeast Tennessee regarding their knowledge level (etiology and educational programming) of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The primary focus of the study was to identify effective programs and methods used by special educators in this region, comparing them to the latest techniques and teaching methods prescribed by recent research. In addition, identified weaknesses were used to recommend future training and staff development to enable educators to provide the best possible programs for children with autism.
Five hundred fifty-two surveys were disseminated to special education teachers and speech therapists in eleven school districts in Northeast Tennessee. Two hundred ninety-two professionals responded to the survey, resulting in a return rate of 52.9%. Educators were asked to respond to a total of 44 questions (28 true/false items and 16 multiple choice items). The multiple choice items were designed to obtain demographic information, job related characteristics, preparation and experience teaching students with ASD, and professional needs of special educators in this region. The 16 multiple choice items were categorized into knowledge of ASD etiology and ASD educational programming.
The results of the study indicate that there were no marked deficits in special educators' knowledge levels (etiology and educational programming) of ASD. However, the scores on educational programming were consistently higher than scores on etiology. There is a need for further training because very few special educators have been trained in research based methods currently used with students diagnosed as ASD.
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Rindlisbaker, Sophie Visick. "Reducing the Impact of Disabilities in Developing Nations: Implications from a Parent Delivered Behavioral Intervention in Macedonia." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6937.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is recognized the world over as a major public health issue. Autism is highly prevalent, persists across the lifespan, and is characterized by behaviors that can profoundly impair typical functioning. Interventions based on behavioral strategies have proven effective, but there are significant barriers to care, including cost, intensity of treatment, and access to qualified practitioners. The impact of ASD and obstacles to appropriate care are magnified by systemic limitations in developing countries. Parent training holds promise as a method of disseminating therapy to underserved areas. This study investigated the effectiveness of a pyramidal parent training intervention in Macedonia. Fifteen parents of children with ASD were trained in three specific strategies for promoting prosocial skills: eye contact, compliance, reducing restricted repetitive behaviors (RRB). Parents reported daily ratings of these skills and their own confidence, action or engagement, and family distress. Participants were ethnic Macedonians from the capital of Skopje with at least one child with ASD between the ages of 2 and 13 years. This study utilized a single case research design. Data were collected per and post intervention using an interrupted time series design. Individual response was analyzed visually and Tau U effect sizes were calculated. Moderator and mediator effect was considered following the method initially established by Gaynor and Harris (2008). Effect sizes were small but significant for the group overall for all variables except restricted repetitive behaviors (RRB). The program was especially effective for younger children, those with comorbid hyperactivity, those with low to moderate symptomology, and those with no prior special education services.
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Lowenthal, Rosane. "Estudo de triagem de transtornos invasivos do desenvolvimento em crianças e adolescentes com síndrome de Down em Curitiba - Paraná." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2006. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1657.
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Previous issue date: 2006-09-12Universidade Federal de São Paulo
The literature has reported frequencies from 1% to 11% of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) in Down s syndrome (DS). It is not clear, if the frequency of this co-occurrence is higher or lower than in other mental retardations. The aim of the study was to identify the comorbidity of autistic spectrum disorders in children and adolescents with DS from Curitiba Brasil. 205 parents of children and adolescents with DS, between 5 and 19 years-old were asked to complete the self-report Autism Screening Questionnaire (ASQ) and the family history questionnaire (provided by Prof. C. Gillberg). The frequency of PDD in the DS sample was 15.6%, with 5.58% of autism (8 males and 2 females) and 10.05% of PDD non autism (9 males and 9 females). This study showed a higher frequency of TID in SD, even though more studies are needed to answer if this frequency is higher than in other mental retardations.
Os trabalhos publicados na literatura mostram taxas de transtornos invasivos do desenvolvimento (TID) em pessoas com síndrome de Down (SD) entre 1 e 11%. Não está claro se a freqüência desta ocorrência é mais alta ou mais baixa que em outras deficiências intelectuais. O objetivo deste estudo é fazer um rastreamento de TID em crianças e adolescentes com SD que residem em Curitiba Brasil. 205 pais de crianças e adolescentes com SD, entre 5 e 19 anos, responderam o questionário para triagem de TID, Autism Screening Questionnaire (ASQ), e o questionário de histórico familiar (cedido pelo Dr. Gillberg). A freqüência de TID em SD encontrada neste trabalho foi de 15,6%, com 5,58% de autismo (8 meninos e 2 meninas) e 10,05% de TID sem autismo (9 meninos e 9 meninas). Esse trabalho encontrou uma alta freqüência de TID em SD, sendo necessários mais estudos para esclarecimento se essa freqüência é maior do que a encontrada em outras deficiências mentais.
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Rawdon, Paul David. "Experiences of families of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Canterbury/West Coast area." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8209.
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Many people would argue that New Zealand has had a poor reputation for providing support services for the families of people with an Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The limited support services available for families in this country were highlighted during the trial and the manslaughter conviction of Janine Albury-Thomson. Albury-Thomson was found guilty of the manslaughter of her autistic daughter, Casey (MOH, 1999). The sentencing judge called for an independent inquiry to be held to examine the extent of support services that were available for families affected by the disorder with a view to identifying any gaps that may exist and ascertaining whether or not government policy could be blamed (Norris, 1998). More than twelve years have now elapsed since the Albury-Thomson trial and research was needed to ascertain the experiences of families raising a child with ASD.
This research examines the experiences of families who have a child who has an ASD diagnosis. Research participants were families of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder who reside in the Canterbury/West Coast area. The research explored the support needs of families and the informal and formal supports that are available to them in this region.
This research was conducted in three parts, with each part having a distinct method of data collection allowing triangulation of research findings. Part one was a survey questionnaire distributed via a range of mediums using a snowball sampling method. The second data set was made up of two case studies that were undertaken with a semi-structured interview approach. The third set of data was elicited via a semi-structured interview process from five local service providers that provide services to those with ASD and their families. A qualitative methodology was adopted to analyse research findings. This methodological approach was selected because it gave participants the opportunity to tell their stories about the diagnostic pathway they travelled and their experiences using available services.
This research has social policy relevance as it was designed to examine the participant’s experiences while using services and resources available for the families of people with ASD in the Canterbury/West Coast area. Participants told of various social, emotional, and practical impacts and of the experiences they encountered while using the various services available. While the level of awareness of ASD has increased, the diagnosis process proved to be problematic for some when using the public health system. Consistent with a 2001 study commissioned on behalf of the Autistic Association of New Zealand, participants in this study who sought a diagnosis through the public health system found it to be a protracted process. Participants attributed delays to a lack of resources or staff that had a limited knowledge of ASD and saw these factors as barriers to obtaining a diagnosis within an acceptable time frame. A more timely diagnosis was reportedly received when the private health system was used.
With regards to support offered by the agencies involved with ‘day to day’ contact with families it was found that overall, competent, experienced people worked for the existing agencies and they were capable of offering support where needed. However specific issues were identified by participants including a perception that case managers failed to understand their situation because they were unfamiliar with the implications of having a family member with ASD. Significantly, family members and service providers both identified a concern about a lack of suitable accommodation that can be utilised by a person with ASD. Because there is limited research into the support needs of families of a child with ASD this research provides an important insight into the needs of a fairly marginalised, and sometimes socially isolated, group. Implications for ongoing service provision and support of families are discussed in the thesis.
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Montenegro, Margareth Regina Gomes Neves. "Avaliação e estudo dos comportamentos de orientação social e atenção compartilhada nos transtornos invasivos do desenvolvimento." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2007. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1668.
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Previous issue date: 2007-09-06Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
Initial Social Communication comprehends skills that appear in early infancy. Among which, Social Orienting (SO) and Joint Attention (JA) have proven to be good predictors of the development of sociability. The impairment of such functions has been strongly associated with the diagnosis of Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD). The present study has assessed the initial social communication skills (Social Orienting and Joint Attention) in children from 2 to 4 years old with typical development (n=19) and in children from 3 to 7 years old with Pervasive Developmental Disorder (n=17) paired by mental age. For the assessment the study has developed the PAISC - (Protocol of Assessment of Initial Social Communication). The results from the trials of the protocol have demonstrated that children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder have shown significantly worst performance in the Social Orienting and Joint Attention behaviors if compared to the children with typical development. Among the behaviors, the one that better distinguished children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder from the children with typical development was the Initial Joint Attention. The PAISC protocol allows detecting changes in the development of social communication in the first year of life, being an instrument for the early diagnosis and employment of intervention programs in the cases of Pervasive Developmental Disorders.
Comunicação Social Inicial compreende habilidades que surgem cedo no primeiro ano de vida. Entre essas habilidades, Orientação Social (OS) e Atenção Compartilhada (AC) têm se mostrado bons preditores do desenvolvimento da sociabilidade. Prejuízos nessas funções têm sido fortemente associados com o diagnóstico de Transtorno Invasivo do Desenvolvimento (TID). O presente estudo avaliou as habilidades da comunicação social inicial (OS e AC) em crianças com desenvolvimento típico de 2 a 4 anos (n=19) e em crianças com TID de 3 a 7 anos (n=17) pareadas pela idade mental. Para a avaliação o estudo desenvolveu o Protocolo de Avaliação da Comunicação Social Inicial PACSI. Os resultados obtidos nas provas do protocolo demonstraram que as crianças com TID apresentaram performance significativamente pior nos comportamentos de OS e AC, comparadas às crianças com desenvolvimento típico. Entre os comportamentos o que melhor discriminou crianças com TID das crianças com desenvolvimento típico foi o de Iniciação de Atenção Compartilhada. O protocolo PACSI permite detectar alterações no desenvolvimento da comunicação social no primeiro ano de vida, sendo um instrumento para o diagnóstico precoce e estabelecimento de programas de intervenção nos casos de Transtornos Invasivos do Desenvolvimento.
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Nickels, Paula Anderson. "Educational Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Perceptions of Parents and Teachers in a Northeast Tennessee School System." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1753.
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This qualitative case study investigated the perceptions of parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), special education teachers, and general education teachers in a Northeast Tennessee public school system regarding educational interventions for children with ASD including what interventions they have found effective, the barriers and challenges they have faced, and how they view their relationships with one another.
Data were collected through interviews with a purposeful sample of 7 parents of 6 children with autism spectrum disorders, 8 special education teachers, and 6 general education teachers and a review of documents. Parent and teacher participants represented children at all levels on the autism spectrum, a variety of grade levels (PreK-12), and a wide range of educational placements. Data were analyzed using the constant comparison analysis method.
Nine themes emerged describing parent and teacher perceptions of educational interventions they found effective for children with ASD. These themes were intensive early intervention using multiple methods; a structured learning environment; adult-mediated and peer-mediated interventions for social and communication skills; inclusion with a balance of direct services; support staff to facilitate inclusion; a functional approach to problem behaviors; alternative and augmentative communication interventions; and sensory-motor interventions. Barriers faced by parents and teachers included lack of training and knowledge; lack of time; challenges caused by characteristics of ASD; problematic teacher attitudes; problematic parent attitudes; transition issues; and need for additional services. Parents and teachers described factors that facilitate positive parent-teacher relationships including collaboration, teamwork, and support; on-going communication; IEP Team processes; and positive teacher relationships with autistic children.
The current study helps to fill a gap in the existing research literature by adding to knowledge about parent and teacher perceptions of educational interventions for children with ASD. Recommendations are made based on study findings to provide parents and teachers with insights from other points of view that can facilitate mutual collaboration in meeting the educational needs of children with ASD.
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Orsati, Fernanda Tebexreni. "Correlação entre habilidades executivas e rastreamento ocular em crianças e jovens com transtorno invasivo do desenvolvimento." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2007. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1601.
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Previous issue date: 2007-02-09Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
Autism is part of a spectrum of the Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD). It is characterized by deficits in social interaction, communication and behavior. The diagnosis is based on clinical assessment and behavior observation. New methods have been developed and studied for more precise diagnosis. Among these methods are PET scan, histological, neuropsychological and eye movements markers. Combining some of these methods, such as the neuropsychological assessment of executive functions and eye movement, correlations can establish with neurobiological bases and this way contribute to more precise interventions. The objective is to assess executive functions and correlate them to eye movements abnormalities in PDD participants. METHOD: 10 PDD children and adolescents, mean age 11,9 (SD=3,22)matched with 10 children and adolescents with typical development. The WISC III was used to assess intelligence, Trail Making, Rey Complex Figure and Hanoi Tower were used to assesse the executive functions. The eye movements parameters were assessed with Predictive Saccade Task (SP), Anti-Saccade (AS), Pursuit Eye Movement, and Face Tracking. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between General IQ, Executive IQ, part B of Trail Making Test, memory drawing after 3 and 30 minutes in the Complex Figure Test and the Hanoi Tower. Differences between groups were found in the eye tracking tasks: accuracy and latency in the SP Task; errors followed by correct saccades in the AS Task; numbers of pursuit eye movements and number of fixations on the eye region in faces with eye present or absent in the Face Tracking Task. Significant correlations were also found between measures of IQ, executive functions and eye tracking. DISCUSSION and CONCLUSIONS: A profile of neuropsychological deficits correlated to eye tracking patterns has been found. This profile is characterized by: difficulties on voluntary attention regulation, response inhibition, planning, response initiation and cognitive flexibility; and preserved viso-construction ability. The executive function impairments reflect on the social behavior regulation. The description of the executive profile can contribute to more efficient interventions.
O autismo está inserido dentro dos Transtornos Invasivos do Desenvolvimento (TID) sendo caracterizado por uma tríade de comprometimentos que atinge a interação social, comunicação e comportamento. Atualmente o diagnóstico é realizado por observação e relatos comportamentais sem que haja um marcador biológico único para caracterizá-lo. Novas possibilidades de determinar esse marcador preciso vêm sendo amplamente discutidas na literatura tais como: achados de ressonância magnética funcional, histológicos, neuropsicológicos e de movimento ocular. Desta maneira, a avaliação de funções executivas e de anormalidades do movimento ocular são meios de investigação das bases de funcionamento neubiológico e contribuem para maior precisão no desenvolvimento de intervenções nesse distúrbio. O presente trabalho objetiva avaliar as Habilidades Executivas e correlacioná-las ao movimento ocular em crianças e adolescentes com TID. MÉTODO: Foram avaliadas 10 crianças e jovens com TID, com idade média de 11,9 (DP=3,22), pareados por idade e sexo com 10 crianças e jovens com desenvolvimento típico. Avaliou-se a inteligência através do WISC III; as Habilidades Executivas através do Trail Making, Figura Complexa de Rey e Torre de Hanói. As habilidades de rastreamento ocular foram avaliadas através das Tarefas de Sacada Preditiva (SP), Anti-Sacada (AS), Acompanhamento e Rastreamento de Faces. RESULTADOS: Observa-se diferenças significativas de desempenho entre grupos no QI Geral, QI de Execução, no Trail Making parte B, na reprodução de Memória com 3 e 30 minutos da Figura Complexa de Rey e na execução da Torre de Hanói. Observam-se diferenças também nas provas de rastreamento ocular: nos acertos, erros e latência para a Tarefa SP; nos erros seguidos de acerto para a Tarefa AS; no número de sacadas intermediárias para a Tarefa de Acompanhamento e no número de fixações na região dos olhos entre faces com Olhos Presentes e Ocultados no Rastreamento de Faces. Foram também encontradas correlações significativas entre índices de QI, resultados de FE e medidas de movimentos oculares. DISCUSSÃO e CONCLUSÕES: Encontrou-se um perfil de alterações neuropsicológicas nos indivíduos pesquisados que se correlaciona aos padrões de movimento ocular. Esse padrão comum é delineado por uma falta de regulação da atenção voluntária, dificuldade em inibir um comportamento e direcioná-lo ao objetivo proposto na tarefa, alteração no planejamento de ação, dificuldade para iniciação de resposta, dificuldade na flexibilidade cognitiva; e habilidade de visuo-construção preservada. As alterações em habilidades executivas refletem nas relações sociais do indivíduo com o meio e com outras pessoas. A determinação desse perfil de dificuldades pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de intervenções mais eficazes para essa população.
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Massatti, Richard Roland. "The Spatial Relationships among Neurotoxicant Exposure, Child Admissions, and Mental Health Assessment Scores: How do they Interact in the State of Ohio?" The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365542600.
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Filipe, Beatriz Tomas da Cruz. "Adaptação da versão brasileira do inventário de comportamentos autísticos para o português de Angola." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2012. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1594.
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Previous issue date: 2012-08-27Ministério dos Petróleos de Angola
Introduction: Autism is a development disorder with generic designation of Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) according to the criteria of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV). The causes are multiple, which motivates the research in various fields of knowledge. The disorder has its origin in a neurobiological pathogenesis with environmental and genetic causes, or the integration of both. The manifestations are qualitative and quantitative abnormalities that affect the areas of social interaction, communication and behavior. The current literature tends to designate them as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Among the subjects with intellectual disabilities (ID) the reports on the prevalence of ASD are unclear, ranging from 3 to 50%. This heterogeneity shows the need to determine the possible prevalence in each sample. This determination has practical implications in the care and management of these individuals. Objectives: Adapt the cultural inventory of autistic behavior (ICA) created by Marteleto e Pedremônico (2005) to the population of Angola; evaluate the applicability of the scale for students with special educational needs in Angola; estimate the frequency of symptoms of the autistic behavior by some biological and socio-demographic variables in these students. Methods: The cross-cultural and conceptual adaptation of the ICA, the operational semantics and in relation to the cultural context and lifestyle of the target population of the survey. Results and conclusion: The cultural adaptation of the ICA-BR to the ICA-Angola was easily accomplished with a high rate of general equivalence in the prestest, around 80%; the ICA-Angola applied in the target population proved to be feasible with the training of other professionals in the field; the intellectual disabled students in the sample showed high scores in ICA-Angola; it will be necessary to expand the sample and the confirmation of the diagnosis of the Autism Spectrum Disorders to better evaluate the results took into consideration the evaluation of students with disabilities.
Introdução: O autismo é um distúrbio do desenvolvimento com designação genérica de Transtornos Globais do Desenvolvimento (TGD), de acordo com os critérios da Associação Americana de Psiquiatria (DSM-IV). As causas são múltiplas, o que motiva a investigação em diversas áreas do conhecimento. O transtorno tem em sua origem uma patogênese neurobiológica com causas ambientais, genéticas ou com a integração de ambas. As manifestações são anormalidades qualitativas e quantitativas que afetam as áreas da interação social, comunicacional e comportamental. A literatura atual tende a designá-las como Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo (TEA). No Brasil existem 4 escalas de triagem para TGD traduzidas e validadas, enquanto que em Angola tais instrumentos inexistem. Objetivos: Realizar a adaptação cultural do Inventário de Comportamentos Autísticos (ICA) de Marteleto e Pedremônico (2005) para a população de Angola; avaliar a aplicabilidade da escala adaptada em alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais em Angola; estimar a frequência da sintomalogia dos comportamentos autísticos segundo algumas variáveis biológicas e sociodemográficas nesses alunos. Métodos: A adaptação transcultural levou em consideração a avaliação de equivalência conceitual, a semântica e a operacionalidade em relação ao contexto cultural e estilo de vida da população alvo da pesquisa. Resultados e conclusão: a adaptação cultural do ICA-BR para o ICA-Angola foi facilmente realizada com alta taxa de equivalência geral no pré-teste, de 80%; a aplicação da escala ICA-Angola na população alvo revelou-se factível com possibilidade de treinamento de outros profissionais; os alunos com deficiência intelectual investigados revelaram altas pontuações no ICA-Angola; será necessária a ampliação da amostra e a confirmação do diagnóstico de Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo para melhor avaliação dos resultados.
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Brito, Maria Claudia. "Síndrome de Asperger e educação inclusiva : análise de atitudes sociais e interações sociais /." Marília : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102190.
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Orientador: Sadao OmoteBanca: Sandra Regina Gimeniz-Paschoal
Banca: Maria de Lourdes Morales Horiguela
Banca: Kester Carrara
Banca: Ana Lúcia Rossito Aiello
Resumo: Para a construção de um ensino inclusivo de qualidade é imprescindível compreender as condições de acolhimento de todos os alunos e promover adequações que favoreçam o ambiente social das escolas. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o meio social em ambiente educacional inclusivo de alunos com síndrome de Asperger. Para isso foi realizada análise do meio atitudinal (estudo I) e análise do meio interacional (estudo II). No estudo I foram investigadas as atitudes sociais de professores e alunos, que compõem o ambiente escolar de alunos com síndrome de Asperger, acerca da inclusão. O estudo II consistiu na investigação do ambiente interacional de alunos com síndrome de Asperger, por meio de um estudo sociométrico com os colegas de classe e por meio da análise de situações de sala de aula. Esta pesquisa contou com 189 participantes entre educadores e alunos, de quatro escolas públicas de Ensino Fundamental, sendo duas escolas com alunos com síndrome de Asperger, do 5º. ano, gênero masculino, com 10 anos de idade, que participaram dos estudos I e II e duas escolas sem experiência de inclusão, participantes apenas do estudo I. Para caracterização dos participantes focais (P1 e P2), isto é, os alunos com síndrome de Asperger, foram utilizadas uma ficha informativa, as Provas de Pragmática e de Vocabulário e a Escala de Avaliação de Traços Autísticos. Para caracterização de suas professoras e das escolas utilizou-se uma ficha informativa e um roteiro de entrevista. No estudo I, a coleta de dados referente às atitudes sociais de 73 educadores frente à inclusão, foi realizada por meio da Escala Likert de Atitudes Sociais em relação à Inclusão. As atitudes sociais de 116 alunos foram mensuradas por meio de uma Escala Infantil de Atitudes Sociais, entre os quais, dois eram os participantes focais, 51 seus colegas de classe sem deficiências... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: For building an inclusive education of quality it is essential to understand the conditions of reception for all students and promote adaptations that promote the social environment of schools. Thus, the aim of this research was to investigate the social environment in inclusive educational environment for students with Asperger syndrome. This study was conducted through analysis of attitudinal (study I) and analysis of the interaction means (study II). In study I, we investigated the social attitudes of teachers and students, who were part of the school environment for students with Asperger syndrome, about inclusion. Study II consisted of interactive research environment for students with Asperger syndrome, through a sociometric study with classmates and by the analysis of situations in the classroom. This research included 189 participants, comprising educators and students of the four public elementary schools; two schools with students with Asperger syndrome, 5th grade pupils, males, 10 years old, males, who participated in studies I and II and two schools with no experience of inclusion, which participated in study I only. For characterization of focal participants (P1 and P2), that is, students with Asperger syndrome, we used an information form, Pragmatic and Vocabulary Tests and the Scale for the Assessment of Austistic Behaviour. To characterize their teachers and schools we used a fact sheet and an interview guide. In study I, the collection of data concerning the social attitudes of 73 educators concerning inclusion, was done using the Likert scale of social attitudes to inclusion. Social attitudes of 116 students were measured through a range of Children's Social Attitudes, among which two were the focal participants, 51 classmates without disabilities and 63 students in control schools. The collection of data for the second study was done by the application of a sociometric... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Leboreiro, Mariana Ferreira. "Memória de trabalho de crianças com transtorno global do desenvolvimento com inteligência preservada." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/15842.
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Previous issue date: 2009-06-18The increase of scientific knowledge concerning the human behaviour improves the search for more precise and effective practices. In this sense, among the several study lines, it is notable the study of the working memory defined as the temporary storage and the manipulation of particular information destined to guide a specific action. The aim of this research, carried out in the psychological knowledge field associated with the neuroscientific knowledge, is to investigate the performance of the individuals diagnosed with Pervasive Developmental Disorder with preserved intelligence regarding their semantic and visual working memory. As a specific objective it has been made an attempted to correlate their working memory performance with their intellectual quotient. Eleven individuals with the mentioned diagnosis who attend special schools catered to those diagnosed with Pervasive Developmental Disorder have taken part in this study, being 10 of them male and 1 female. Among these participants, six of them attend regular schools. The tools used to achieve the objectives were some subtests of the batteries WISC-III, WISC-IV and NEPSY-II. All the data obtained from the tests were quantitatively analyzed. The results indicated difficulties related to the semantic and visual working memory, the first of them having obtained better scores. Among the others evaluated quotients, good performance regarding the Verbal Comprehension, Performance and Perceptual Organization abilities are remarkable, as well as the difficulties concerning Freedom from Distractibility, Working Memory and Visual Memory. The correlations between the semantic aspect of the working memory and the intellectual quotients are significant, especially the items related to the evaluation of verbal abilities, in spite of the noticeable differences of scores. The visual aspect, correlated with executive abilities, in particular amongst the ones who are attending regular schools, has presented results far behind the expected. Schooling has proved to be of great importance to the data analysis, and vital to the differentiation of the results, revealing better performances amongst the ones who attend regular schools. Therefore, despite the existence of working memory deficits, the regular education system selects more cognitive-capable individuals, generating differences among the ones with the same diagnosis
O aumento do conhecimento científico a respeito do comportamento humano facilita a busca de práticas mais precisas e eficazes. Nesse sentido, dentre as diversas linhas de investigação, destaca-se o estudo da memória de trabalho definida como o armazenamento temporário e a manipulação de uma determinada informação destinados a nortear uma ação específica. Esta pesquisa, realizada dentro do campo do saber psicológico integrado ao conhecimento neurocientífico, tem como objetivo geral investigar o desempenho de sujeitos diagnosticados com Transtorno Global do Desenvolvimento Com Inteligência Preservada quanto à memória de trabalho semântica e visual. Como objetivo específico buscou-se correlacionar o desempenho desses sujeitos em memória de trabalho com o quociente intelectual. Participaram do estudo 11 sujeitos, sendo 10 do sexo masculino e 1 do sexo feminino, com o diagnóstico acima referido que freqüentam uma instituição de ensino não regular especializada no atendimento a indivíduos com diagnóstico de Transtorno Global do Desenvolvimento. Dentre esses sujeitos, seis também frequentam o ensino regular. Os instrumentos utilizados para que os objetivos fossem contemplados foram alguns subtestes das baterias WISC-III, WISC-IV e NEPSY-II. Os dados obtidos a partir da aplicação desses instrumentos foram analisados quantitativamente. Os resultados encontrados indicam dificuldades relacionadas à memória de trabalho tanto semântica quanto visual, com melhores escores da primeira. Dentre os demais quociente avaliados, destaca-se o bom desempenho em habilidades relativas à Compreensão Verbal, à Execução e à Organização Perceptual e as dificuldades em Resistência à Distração, Memória de Trabalho e Memória Visual. As correlações entre o aspecto semântico da memória de trabalho com os quocientes intelectuais são significantes, especialmente com fatores que avaliam habilidades verbais, apesar das diferenças de escores. O aspecto visual, correlacionado às habilidades executivas especialmente dentre os que frequentam ensino regular, apresenta resultados muito aquém do esperado. A questão escolaridade demonstrou ser de grande importância na análise dos dados e fator fundamental na diferenciação dos resultados, com melhores desempenhos dentre os que frequentam sistema regular de ensino. Portanto, apesar de existirem déficits quanto à memória de trabalho, o sistema de ensino regular seleciona os indivíduos mais capazes cognitivamente, promovendo diferenças entre os que possuem o mesmo diagnóstico
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Brito, Maria Claudia [UNESP]. "Síndrome de Asperger e educação inclusiva: análise de atitudes sociais e interações sociais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102190.
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brito_mc_dr_mar.pdf: 702905 bytes, checksum: e05611c0e88bf426de2ff05191ec241f (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Para a construção de um ensino inclusivo de qualidade é imprescindível compreender as condições de acolhimento de todos os alunos e promover adequações que favoreçam o ambiente social das escolas. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o meio social em ambiente educacional inclusivo de alunos com síndrome de Asperger. Para isso foi realizada análise do meio atitudinal (estudo I) e análise do meio interacional (estudo II). No estudo I foram investigadas as atitudes sociais de professores e alunos, que compõem o ambiente escolar de alunos com síndrome de Asperger, acerca da inclusão. O estudo II consistiu na investigação do ambiente interacional de alunos com síndrome de Asperger, por meio de um estudo sociométrico com os colegas de classe e por meio da análise de situações de sala de aula. Esta pesquisa contou com 189 participantes entre educadores e alunos, de quatro escolas públicas de Ensino Fundamental, sendo duas escolas com alunos com síndrome de Asperger, do 5º. ano, gênero masculino, com 10 anos de idade, que participaram dos estudos I e II e duas escolas sem experiência de inclusão, participantes apenas do estudo I. Para caracterização dos participantes focais (P1 e P2), isto é, os alunos com síndrome de Asperger, foram utilizadas uma ficha informativa, as Provas de Pragmática e de Vocabulário e a Escala de Avaliação de Traços Autísticos. Para caracterização de suas professoras e das escolas utilizou-se uma ficha informativa e um roteiro de entrevista. No estudo I, a coleta de dados referente às atitudes sociais de 73 educadores frente à inclusão, foi realizada por meio da Escala Likert de Atitudes Sociais em relação à Inclusão. As atitudes sociais de 116 alunos foram mensuradas por meio de uma Escala Infantil de Atitudes Sociais, entre os quais, dois eram os participantes focais, 51 seus colegas de classe sem deficiências...
For building an inclusive education of quality it is essential to understand the conditions of reception for all students and promote adaptations that promote the social environment of schools. Thus, the aim of this research was to investigate the social environment in inclusive educational environment for students with Asperger syndrome. This study was conducted through analysis of attitudinal (study I) and analysis of the interaction means (study II). In study I, we investigated the social attitudes of teachers and students, who were part of the school environment for students with Asperger syndrome, about inclusion. Study II consisted of interactive research environment for students with Asperger syndrome, through a sociometric study with classmates and by the analysis of situations in the classroom. This research included 189 participants, comprising educators and students of the four public elementary schools; two schools with students with Asperger syndrome, 5th grade pupils, males, 10 years old, males, who participated in studies I and II and two schools with no experience of inclusion, which participated in study I only. For characterization of focal participants (P1 and P2), that is, students with Asperger syndrome, we used an information form, Pragmatic and Vocabulary Tests and the Scale for the Assessment of Austistic Behaviour. To characterize their teachers and schools we used a fact sheet and an interview guide. In study I, the collection of data concerning the social attitudes of 73 educators concerning inclusion, was done using the Likert scale of social attitudes to inclusion. Social attitudes of 116 students were measured through a range of Children's Social Attitudes, among which two were the focal participants, 51 classmates without disabilities and 63 students in control schools. The collection of data for the second study was done by the application of a sociometric... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Valasek, Claudia Aparecida. "Potenciais evocados relacionados à Tarefa de Deese, Roediger e McDermott em crianças e adolescentes com Transtorno Global do Desenvolvimento." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2013. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1611.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-07Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
In the last decades the research interests in the false memory phenomenon have been amplified. The number of studies in the literature that investigate the electrophysiological components underlying the true recognition and the false recognition is still scarce, principally with respect to children and adolescents with autism diagnostic. The aim of this study was to analyze the behavioral differences in the performance of the subjects in the adapted Roediger and McDermott paradigm task in both groups and verify the presence of electrophysiological components in the recognition phase. Fifteen children/adolescents participated in the experiment. Seven of the subjects belonged to the autism diagnostic group (mean 15 + 3,6) and 8 subjects belonged to the typical development group (mean 10,7 + 2,5). The behavioral results showed that there was not a significant difference in the rates of correctness on the recognition of the target word, error by critical clue and critical distractor. Contrary to what was expected, this difference was also not observed in the children with autism. This might indicate that a literal information processing does occur in this kind of task. The analysis of the electrophysiological data in the recognition phase revealed the old/new component (500-1000ms) that presents higher amplitude for true recognition than for false recognition. It is interesting to notice that this component was observed on both typical development and autism groups. Moreover, it has been observed the low amplitude P1 component for correct rejection of critical clues in comparison to other types of correct answers. This component seems to be sensible to the discrimination of semantically associated words. Another component found but not described in the literature for this type of task is the P2 component. Therefore, this study may increase the knowledge about the neurobiological basis and the behavioral functioning, especially regarding the semantic word processing.
Nas últimas décadas o interesse pela investigação do fenômeno da falsa-memória tem se ampliado. Na literatura ainda é escasso o número de estudos que investigam os componentes eletrofisiológicos subjacentes ao reconhecimento verdadeiro e ao reconhecimento falso, principalmente no que diz respeito a crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico de autismo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as diferenças comportamentais no desempenho da tarefa adaptada do paradigma de Roediger e McDermott nos dois grupos e verificar a presença de componentes eletrofisiológicos na fase de reconhecimento. Participaram do estudo 15 crianças/adolescentes, sendo 7 de grupo com diagnóstico de autismo (média 15 ±3,6) e 8 de grupo com desenvolvimento típico (média 10,7 ±2,5.). Resultados comportamentais mostram que não houve diferença significativa entre as taxas de acertos por reconhecimento da palavra-alvo, erro por falsas-pistas e erro por distratores. Ao contrário do que se esperava essa diferença também não foi observada no grupo de crianças com autismo, indicando assim que talvez não ocorra neste tipo de tarefa um processamento literal da informação. Análise dos dados eletrofisiológicos na fase de reconhecimento revelou o componente old/new (500-1000ms) que apresenta maior amplitude para reconhecimento verdadeiro em comparação ao reconhecimento falso. O interessante é verificar que esse componente foi observado tanto no grupo de desenvolvimento típico como no grupo com autismo. Além disso, foi encontrado componente P1 de menor amplitude para rejeição correta de falsas-pista em comparação aos outros tipos de acertos. Esse componente parece sensível a discriminação das palavras com associação semântica. Outro componente encontrado e que não é descrito na literatura para esse tipo de tarefa é o componente P2. Dessa forma, este estudo pode aumentar o conhecimento sobre as bases neurobiológicas e comportamentais do funcionamento no especialmente no que se refere ao processamento semântico de palavras.
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Detzer, Ariel Danlys. "Neurodiversity in the Classroom: Pilot of a Training Resource for Teachers Educating Autistic Inclusion Students in a General Education Setting." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1503604209741393.
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Johansson, Paulina, and Burgos Paola Zardan. "Språkstörning i skolan : elevers och vårdnadshavares berättelser." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för biomedicinska och kliniska vetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176435.
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Språkstörning innefattar större svårigheter att förstå och uttrycka sig på sitt eller sina modersmål jämfört med jämnåriga. Språkliga förmågor har stor betydelse i skolan både för måluppfyllelse och för socialt samspel. Skolan kan bli särskilt utmanade i de högre årskurserna när skolspråket, såväl avseende form som innehåll och användning, blir allt mer avancerat. Enligt skollagen i Sverige har alla elever rätt till det stöd de behöver för att så långt som möjligt kunna utvecklas utifrån sina förutsättningar. Förutom svårigheter relaterade till skolgången kan språkstörning även leda till svårigheter kopplade till arbetsliv och delaktighet i samhället i vuxen ålder. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att bidra med perspektiv om upplevelser och erfarenheter hos elever med språkstörning och deras vårdnadshavare gällande skolsituationen. Studien bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta elever med språkstörning och deras vårdnadshavare. Intervjuerna analyserades med fokus på innehållsliga aspekter av deltagarnas berättelser. Studiens resultat visade att språkstörningen upplevdes ha konsekvenser för skolarbetet för samtliga elever. På vilka sätt varierade dock mycket i grad och omfattning. Vårdnadshavarna och eleverna berättade om utmaningar i skolan vilka främst relaterade till att läsa och skriva, nå upp till godkända betyg, få tillräckligt med stöd i skolan och i viss mån psykiskt välmående under skolgången. I intervjuerna framkom även sådant som deltagarna upplevde fungerar väl. De mest framträdande välfungerande områdena kan kopplas till praktiska skolämnen, socialt samspel och trivsel i skolan. Slutligen konstateras att på vilka sätt språkstörning tar sig uttryck och vilka konsekvenser den får för skolarbetet varierar mycket från elev till elev. Det förekommer även stora skillnader gällande vilket stöd elever med språkstörning får i skolan. Fler studier på området vore i framtiden värdefullt för att öka förståelse och kunskap kring elever med språkstörning och deras förutsättningar och behov i skolan. Detta är viktigt för att dessa elever ska få möjlighet att utvecklas utifrån sina förutsättningar och för att minska risken för språkliga, känslomässiga och sociala konsekvenser i ett långtidsperspektiv.Developmental language disorder (DLD) involves difficulties with understanding and expressing oneself in one´s native language or languages to a greater extent compared to peers. Linguistic abilities are important for goal attainment and social interaction in school. School can be particularly challenging in higher grades as language in school becomes increasingly advanced. According to the Swedish Education Act, all students are entitled to the support they need to develop based on their individual conditions. DLD can also lead to difficulties later in life related to working life and participation in society. The aim of this study is to provide perspectives of students’ and caregivers’ perceptions of DLD in school context. The study is based on semi-structured interviews with eight students and their caregivers. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze the interviews. The results of the study showed that DLD was perceived to have consequences for different aspects of school for all participating students, however, with varied degree and extent. The participants talked about challenging areas related to school. These were mainly related to reading, writing, grades, support in school and mental health issues. The interviews also revealed aspects of school that the participants thought worked well, especially practical school subjects, social interactions, and well-being. The study strengthens the understanding that there is a great variety between students regarding how DLD appears and what consequences it has for school and learning. The students and caregivers also witness about differences regarding opportunities to receive support in school. Further studies in this area would be valuable to increase understanding and knowledge about students with DLD and their needs in school. This is important for students’ continuous development and for decreasing risk for linguistic, emotional, and social consequences in a long-term perspective.
Likvärdig utbildning för barn med språkstörning - En studie av måluppfyllelse, erfarenheter och deltagande
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Braga, Maria Rita. "Detecção precoce dos transtornos invasivos do desenvolvimento: atuação do enfermeiro." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/tede/282.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Fabíola Silva (fabiola.silva@famerp.br) on 2016-07-07T17:51:04Z
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Early identification of Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs) is important for a better prognosis on affected children. Therefore, the position stood by nurses performing in the primary health care, is relevant to identify the characteristic signs of these disorders. The objectives of this study were to subsidize the nurses´ knowledge by empowering them to detect earlier the Pervasive Developmental Disorders, and to verify this empowerment repercussion into their performance on surveillance of childhood development. Afterwards, to evaluate the program adjustment into this empowerment, according to the perception of these nurses intervention-participants. Method: An almost-experimental outline featured by a teaching intervention was used. The participants were divided according to their availability into two groups: an experimental group (EG received intervention), and a control group (CG did not receive the intervention). The casuistic comprised 27 nurses from the Primary Health Care Units (PHCUs), in a municipality of São Paulo state, with attendance in Puericulture. Data collection was made by semi-structured interview, during three distinctive phases: pre-intervention, post-intervention and follow-up. During the pre-intervention and follow-up phases, data were also collected from the children’s parents (n=83 and 79, respectively). Results: Data analysis allowed to observe that after participating the course, the nurses of the EG demonstrated to have acquired new knowledge on the theme; otherwise, the nurses of the CG did not. However, significant changes on these nurses´ acting regarding the surveillance of the children´s development were not observed. It is important to consider the influence of the organizational framework in changing the process of health assistance model. Regarding the empowerment program, the nurses, were satisfied in relation to all assessed aspects, suggesting to spread this empowerment to other professionals. Conclusions: The results allowed to conclude that the course program was feasible, and the implemented empowerment has provided important contributions on the surveillance of the children´s development, and early detection of the Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Moreover, further research should be carried out to optimize some action implementation aiming to identify these disorders and to support a better future for these children and their family.
A identificação precoce dos Transtornos Invasivos do Desenvolvimento é fundamental para um melhor prognóstico das crianças afetadas e os enfermeiros que atuam na atenção primária à saúde estão numa posição relevante para identificar os sinais característicos destes transtornos. Portanto, os objetivos deste estudo foram subsidiar o conhecimento do enfermeiro através de uma capacitação em detecção precoce dos Transtornos Invasivos do Desenvolvimento e verificar a repercussão da capacitação na atuação do enfermeiro na vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil, bem como, avaliar a adequação do programa da capacitação implementado segundo a percepção dos enfermeiros participantes da intervenção. Método: Utilizou-se o delineamento quase-experimental caracterizado por uma intervenção de ensino. A distribuição dos sujeitos foi realizada, segundo a disponibilidade dos profissionais pesquisados, em dois grupos: um grupo experimental (GE que recebeu a intervenção) e um grupo controle (GC que não recebeu a intervenção). A casuística foi constituída por 27 enfermeiros atuantes em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBSs) com atendimento em puericultura, localizadas em um município do interior de São Paulo. A coleta de dados, através de entrevista semi-estruturada, ocorreu em três fases distintas: préintervenção, pós-intervenção e seguimento. Para verificar a repercussão da capacitação na orientação fornecida sobre o acompanhamento e estímulo ao desenvolvimento infantil, também foram coletados dados com os pais acompanhantes de crianças atendidas nas UBSs participantes do estudo na fase pré-intervenção (n=83) e seguimento (n=79). Resultados: A análise dos dados permitiu verificar que, após participar do curso, os enfermeiros do GE demonstraram ter adquirido novos conhecimentos sobre o tema, o mesmo não ocorrendo com os enfermeiros do GC. Entretanto, não foram observadas mudanças significativas na atuação destes enfermeiros em relação à vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil. É importante considerar a influência da estrutura organizacional no processo de mudança do modelo assistencial. Em relação ao programa da capacitação, os enfermeiros mostraram-se satisfeitos em relação a todos os aspectos avaliados, sugerindo estender a capacitação para outros profissionais. Conclusões: Os resultados permitem concluir que o programa do curso demonstra ser adequado e a capacitação implementada traz contribuições importantes para o conhecimento sobre a vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil e detecção precoce dos Transtornos Invasivos do Desenvolvimento. Sobretudo, novos estudos são necessários para otimizar a implementação de ações que visem a identificação destes transtornos e a garantia de um futuro melhor para estas crianças e suas famílias.
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Gertel, Marta Cecília Rabinovitsch. "O papel do fonoaudiólogo na rede de relações sociais de uma criança com Transtorno Global do Desenvolvimento: estudo de caso." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12204.
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Previous issue date: 2008-07-29Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Introduction: In the field of Speech Therapy it is possible to find questionings on how our clinical intervention could facilitate the insertion of the individual, mainly patients with special needs. This way the context of speech therapy clinic could be directed to help the patient finding his own personal place, a fundamental aspect that will give him the sense of belonging both to his family and to school. The theoretical referential from Winnicott is the base of this research and it has been legitimated in various other researches from the speech therapy area in the sense of revealing ways to welcoming the patient, the complaint and the demand, understating through the therapeutic relation the needs and queries in the life of the individual who comes for treatment. It is important to stress that it is part of the clinic perspective the extension of care to the environment, in this case family and school, whenever necessary. Objective of this work: reflect and discuss the role of the speech therapist in conducting these therapeutic strategies during treatment of a child with Pervasive Developmental Disorder, mainly related to family and school. Methodology: This research is from a clinic-qualitative nature and was developed through a clinic case study of a child suffering from Pervasive Developmental Disorder. The material used was prepared from recorded reports and comprises the clinical material obtained on the family counseling from July 2002 to November 2004. The material cuts obtained portray the route followed through the patient story main point, stressing out significant moments that originated the development of the speech therapy therapeutic process regarding speech communication, social integration in the school and family environment. Results: The patient involved in this study attends normal classes and since speech therapy treatments, presented significant development in both social and family behavior, apart from showing an effective advance in oral communication. Conclusions: Assuming a perspective that leads the treatment to a child in a unique way, the therapeutic focus goes beyond clinic manifestations. To favor a physical and emotional environment able to promote constitutive experiences that respect the singularity of each patient taking into consideration the reality of the family and the community where the social nucleus is inserted. As a consequence ethnic identity, culture and ethics are better understood as fundaments of the human being and therefore as place of rooting and existence. In our understanding therefore the role of Phonoaudiology (speech therapy) could be directed to the creation of situations that will favor each patient process of inclusion in life, with all the respect that every one deserves
Introdução: No campo fonoaudiológico é possível encontrar questionamentos quanto a forma como nossa intervenção clínica pode favorecer a inserção do indivíduo na sociedade, principalmente nos pacientes com necessidades especiais. Nesse sentido, o contexto da clínica fonoaudiológica pode ser direcionado para auxiliar o paciente a encontrar um lugar próprio e pessoal, aspecto fundamental para que lhe seja possível alcançar o sentido de pertencer a sua família e à escola. O referencial teórico de Winnicott embasa esta pesquisa e vem sendo legitimado em vários estudos da área fonoaudiológica, no sentido de desvendar maneiras de acolher o paciente, a queixa e a demanda, compreendendo, assim, por meio da relação terapêutica, necessidades e questionamentos que atravessam a vida da pessoa que chega para atendimento. Cabe ressaltar que faz parte desta perspectiva clínica a extensão dos cuidados ao ambiente, neste caso família e escola, sempre que se fizer necessário. Objetivo do trabalho: refletir e discutir sobre o papel do fonoaudiólogo na condução das estratégias terapêuticas durante o atendimento de uma criança com Transtorno Global do Desenvolvimento, principalmente no que se refere à família e à escola. Método: Esta pesquisa é de natureza clínico-qualitativa e foi desenvolvida por meio de um estudo de caso clínico, de uma criança com Transtorno Global do Desenvolvimento. O material utilizado foi elaborado a partir de registros em forma de relatórios e abrangem o material clínico obtido nos atendimentos à família e à escola, de julho/ 2002 a novembro/2004. Os recortes no material obtido retratam o percurso seguido ao longo do eixo da história do paciente enfatizando os momentos significativos que geraram desenvolvimento do processo terapêutico fonoaudiológico no que se refere à comunicação oral, integração social no ambiente familiar e escolar. Resultados: O paciente envolvido neste estudo freqüenta classe de ensino regular e, a partir dos atendimentos fonoaudiológicos, apresentou desenvolvimento significativo em seu comportamento social e em família, além de efetivo avanço em sua comunicação oral. Conclusões: Ao assumir uma perspectiva que direciona o atendimento para a criança de maneira singular, o enfoque terapêutico coloca-se para além das manifestações clínicas. Procura-se propiciar um ambiente físico e emocional capaz de promover experiências constitutivas que respeitem a singularidade de cada paciente levando em conta a realidade da família e da comunidade onde se encontra inserido aquele núcleo social. Como conseqüência a etnia, a cultura e a ética passam a ser compreendidas como fundantes do ser humano e, portanto, como lugar de enraizamento e existência. Portanto, em nosso entender, a atuação fonoaudiológica pode ser direcionada para a criação de situações que favoreçam o processo [de cada paciente] de inclusão na vida, com o respeito que todas as pessoas merecem
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Ridley, Gillian Mary. "The underlying basis of the communication difficulties of high functioning pervasive developmental disorder." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/5781.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to explore the underlying basis of the communication difficulties in children
(between 5.0 and 7.11 years) with high functioning pervasive developmental disorder
(HFPDD) (n=26), compared to children with specific language impairment (SLI) (n=26), and
children with no history of developmental difficulty (NDD) (n=26). The study looked at:
whether different profiles could be obtained for the groups on comprehensive batteries of
communication, cognitive processing and theory of mind; which areas measured were best
correlated; and which measures best differentiated the groups. Comprehensive
communication and theory of mind batteries were devised and conducted. Cognitive
processing was measured using the Cognitive Assessment System (CAS) (Naglieri and Das,
1997). Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, the Kruskal-Wallis
test, Bonferroni t tests, frequency distributions, Pearson correlation coefficients and
discriminant function analyses. Kappa coefficients and analysis of variance measures were
carried out on 23% of the rated data in order to establish inter-rater agreement and
acceptable levels of agreement were reached.
On the communication assessment, the HFPDD group experienced the most difficulty on the
measures of understanding abstract vocabulary, understanding conversation, pronoun
alternation, higher level semantics, narrative ability and pragmatic ability. In contrast, the
SLI group experienced the most difficulty on the measures of expressive grammar and
narrative clarity. On the cognitive processing assessment, the HFPDD group experienced
marked difficulty in the areas of planning and attention, while the SLI group experienced
significant difficulty in the areas of successive processing and less marked but still significant
difficulty in the area of planning. Within the HFPDD group, a group with simultaneous
processing markedly stronger than successive processing, a group with successive processing
markedly stronger than simultaneous processing, and a group with simultaneous and
successive processing occurring at a similar level, were identified. The HFPDD group
experienced significant difficulty on all the measures of theory of mind, although a limited
number of HFPDD subjects did not experience difficulty. The SLI group experienced
significant difficulty on the two theory of mind measures that were more verbally loaded.
Strong correlations were found between receptive language, expressive semantics, narrative
ability, pragmatic ability, planning, attention and theory of mind; and between expressive
grammar and successive processing. Pragmatic ability, narrative ability, planning, and
certain of the theory of mind measures best appeared to discriminate the groups. A combined
model of language, cognitive and theory of mind processing is proposed to explain the
differences between the HFPDD and SLI groups.
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Gaitonde, Shital. "A survey of parent satisfaction about services for children with pervasive developmental disorder." 2008. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-2735.pdf.
Full text
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Burton, Bobbie Ann. "Assessment of Cognitive Abilities in Children with a Pervasive Developmental Disorder Using the Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test." 2008. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/415.
Full textAbstract:
This study was designed to examine the utility of the Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test (UNIT; Bracken & McCallum, 1998) for use with children who have been diagnosed with a pervasive developmental disorder (e.g., autistic disorder, asperger’s disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified). The goal was to determine whether distinct cognitive profiles on the UNIT exist within this population and between those with and without a pervasive developmental disorder: a) Do children with a pervasive developmental disorder earn significantly lower mean scores than a demographically matched control group on the UNIT Full Scale Intelligence quotient? b) Do children with a pervasive developmental disorder earn a significantly higher mean score on the UNIT Nonsymbolic quotient versus the Symbolic quotient? c) Do children with a pervasive developmental disorder earn significantly different mean scores on the UNIT Reasoning and Memory quotients?
Examiners administered the UNIT to 43 children with a pervasive developmental disorder. Data from 31 children who received raw scores of at least 1 on every subtest were used for statistical analyses. Data from an additional 31 children who participated in the UNIT standardization process were also included as the control group. The group with a pervasive developmental disorder had significantly lower scores (p<.001) on every quotient of the UNIT when compared to the control group. When the mean Full Scale Intelligence quotients were compared, the difference of approximately 22 points was significant, t(26) = 4.46, p = .000. Within the group with a pervasive developmental disorder, the mean score of the Nonsymbolic quotient was approximately 4 points higher than the Symbolic quotient; this difference was not significant, t(30) = 1.59, p > .05 (onetailed). When the Memory and Reasoning quotients were compared, the mean difference of .19 was not significant, t(30) = .068, p = .947. Based on mean difference analysis of this sample, there does not seem to be a unique cognitive profile for this population on the UNIT.
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Liao, Wei-Hsiang, and 廖偉翔. "Development of immersive virtual environment system to enhance the attention for Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD)." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26yp3y.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立彰化師範大學
工業教育與技術學系
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Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) have the attention impairment; they are difficultly on concentration and completing assigned work. For the reason of that, improving the deficit of attention for children with PDD is a main issue in this study. In the research, we developed the immersive virtual environment system and tried to improve the attention and simulate the learning motivation for this population with PDD. This system contains the aspects of game-playing, narration, and education; which content involves with game-based learning, anchored instruction, role-playing adventure and deductive reasoning in the various situated learning. We adopted the focus-group research method and three participants involved in this study. These participants involved with operating the developed system, questionnaires and interview sessions for exploring the usability and suitability of this system. The result showed that the participants consent the proposed system could be helpful the attention and concentration of children with PDD; and the immersive visual displaying also could help user with PDD to focus on learning materials from the system. Finally, the interactive functions in this system could improve their behaviors of interactive with others.
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YU, CHANG PEI, and 張沛語. "An Investigative Effects of the Mind Mapping Teaching Program on Mandarin Reading Comprehension among Junior High Students with Pervasive Developmental Disorder." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25407293052783463153.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
特殊教育學系在職進修碩士班
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The purpose of the study was to explore the effects of the mind mapping teaching program on mandarin reading comprehension among junior high students with pervasive developmental disorder. The participants were the eighth-grade students of Taipei junior high school with pervasive developmental disorder. The multiple-probe across-behavior design of the single subject research framework was employed to monitor the procedure and obtain data. The mind mapping Teaching Program was the main independent variable, whereas the primary dependent variables involved mandarin reading comprehension and outcome of mind mapping drawing test. Research tools were mandarin reading comprehension test and mind-mapping test, justified by the pre/post-teaching feedback questionnaire. Main results were as follows: A. After the planned instruction, all the participants demonstrated steady progress in the scores of mind-mapping drawing test, meaning that the program had prompt and prominent effect on the learning behavior. B. All the participants showed trends of progress in the score of reading comprehension test, indicating the immediate effect of the strategy on the targeted behavior. But low positive between reading comprehension reflecting on and evaluating the content of a text, low positive between reading comprehension reflecting on and evaluating the form of a text and low positive between developing an interpretation. C. At the end of the teaching activities, all the participants agreed that the mind-mapping teaching program facilitated pinpointing information and memorizing content and, therefore, addressed intention to use the skill in other learning areas.
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Kohoutková, Markéta. "Augmentativní a alternativní komunikace u jedinců s pervazivní vývojovou poruchou." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-325163.
Full textAbstract:
Název: Augmentativní a alternativní komunikace u jedinců s pervazivní vývojovou poruchou Autor: Markéta Kohoutková Katedra: Katedra Speciální Pedagogiky Vedoucí práce: PhDr., PaedDr. Jaroslava Zemková, Ph.D Abstrakt: Monografie přináší přehled aktuálních přístupů k jedincům s pervazivní vývojovou poruchou (PVP). Nejprve jsou zde analyzovány obtíže, se kterými se tato diagnóza pojí, poté autorka objasňuje možné příčiny, možnosti intervence a prognózu. Zdůrazněn je rozdíl mezi intervencemi založenými na kognitivně behaviorální terapii a intervencemi založenými na přístupu zaměřeném na člověka. Dále práce seznamuje s novými metodami alternativní a augmentativní komunikace (AAK), které lze využít při komunikaci s jedinci s narušenou komunikační schopností. Teoretické texty doplňují praktické výsledky z longitudinálního výzkumného šetření - případové studie. Během tohoto šetření byl jedinec s pervazivní vývojovou poruchou nespecifikovanou (PVP-NOS) podroben intervenci vycházející z přístupu zaměřeného na člověka. Následně jeho verbální komunikace byla podpořena prostřednictvím metody AAK - počítačového programu s hlasovým výstupem. Získané informace jsou určeny pro využití jak odborné veřejnosti, tak rodičů k zefektivnění práce, a především komunikace, s výše uvedenými jedinci.
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Gebauerová, Andrea. "Alternativní komunikace u klientů s pervazivní vývojovou poruchou. Podtitul: Možnosti a význam ergoterapeutické intervence." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-411737.
Full textAbstract:
OF MASTER DEGREE Name: Bc. Andrea Gebauerová Supervisor: Mgr. Anna Kuželková Consultant: PhDr. Milan Pešák Oponent: Title: Alternative communication for clients with pervasive developmental disorder Abstract: The main purpose of this thesis was to find out and describe options and meaning of accupational therapy intervention in the area of alternative communication for clients with pervasive developmental disorder. These clients always show specific disrupted areas, which are social interactions, game and communication. The areas are interconnected and restrict these individuals in their self-sufficiency and daily life. Most of these clients need a compensation tool for communication. The theoretical part deals with most used methods and tools in alternative communication. It describes the simplest communication systems to the latest assistive technologies, which are used mostly abroad. An important part for the clients is an interprofessional team of proffesionals, who together determine therapeutic purpose and problematic parts of clientś life. The practical part describes the most common interprofessional cooperation at the clients. Based on jointly stated purpose for six clients with pervasive developmental disorder was design ergotherapeutic intervention and were suggested optimal tools for...
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Balfour, Lara Jane. "A needs assessment of parents on how to raise an autistic child." Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1575.
Full textAbstract:
The motivation of the study was to explore the problems of families in South Africa who struggle to manage their children with autism and to find out whether they were receiving appropriate assistance. This was done by assessing the needs of the parents of children with autism by means of semi-structured interviews.
Through these interviews, the parents were given the opportunity to express what information or recommendations they would like to have available to them. How the parents view their experience, their feelings about these experiences, and the strategies and actions that they take in order to cope with raising their child with autism, is important information. The aim of the study was to explore the problems South African families have so that this may form the base of information supplied to professionals such as psychologists, social workers, and educators thereby assisting in improving service delivery to parents of children with autism.Social Work
M.Diac. (Play Therapy)
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Prucková, Kateřina. "Motorická imitace jako předpoklad sebeobsluhy u dětí s poruchami autistického spektra." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-344944.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis deals with Autistic Spectrum Disorders in terms of their ethology and diagnostic criteria. The theoretical part further describes development of terminology of these disorders and historical concept of care of individuals with Autism. Included are also categories of disabilities and their symptoms. Another chapter discusses the specifics of self-help skills of children with Autism and characterizes motor development of preschool children with an emphasis on motor imitation, as one of the sub-kinetic abilities. The aim of the research work is to analyse the degree of influence of motor imitation on the development of self-help skills of children with Autism. It focuses on evaluation of the developmental level of the respondent's self-help skills and its development influenced by intensive imitation training. Determination of the actual developmental level allows easier orientation within self-help skills that can be practiced with the child. Their list is located in the attachments. Further research clarifies what techniques were the most successful during motor imitation training. KEYWORD Autism spectrum disorders, pervasive developmental disorder, triad of impairments, motor development, motor imitation, self-help skills.
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Thijsse, Lynette Joan. "The neuropsychological profiles of learners with Asperger Syndrome." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1359.
Full textAbstract:
A qualitative case study research design is used to investigate the results of a
neuropsychological test battery, collated and used with four individual cases. A
literature study consisting of research with respect to AS as well as
neuropsychological assessments provides the theoretical framework from which
existing theory is tested and expanded on. The cases are analysed individually and
then by cross case analysis to ascertain any patterns of strength and weaknesses
which could result in a "typical" profile of a learner with AS.
Findings conclude confusions with respect to diagnostic criteria for AS and a
distinction of DSM-IV-TR criteria is used. The neuropsychological test battery
includes questionnaires (personal history, Gilliam Asperger's disorder scale,
Conners' parent and teacher questionnaire, Dunn's sensory profile) interviews
(parents, teachers), observations (classroom and playground) and formal testing
(intelligence, motor functions, academic achievement, theory of mind and executive
functions).
Findings from the literature show similarities between AS children and children with
non verbal learning disabilities. Evidence of AS differing from individuals with high
functioning autism is conclusive in all previous research using theory of mind tests.
Evidence from the literature shows many children had been given another diagnosis,
typically ADHD, before being given the diagnosis of AS. Additional disorders such as
anxiety and depression were also given. AS children had consistent difficulties with
social interaction.
A typical neuropsychological profile of AS is not identified, but rather a "personality
type" that is dominated by anxiety and individual "quirks" of personality which affects
responses to the formal test battery - thereby influencing the scores obtained. Two of the cases presented with an academic profile similar to that of a non verbal
learning disability and one presented with similarities with a semantic pragmatic
disorder. The thesis concludes with a proposed differentiating model of behavioural,
communication and learning disorders in which AS is defined in terms of that
originally described by Hans Asperger himself, and specifically treated within the
education environment.Educational Studies
D.Ed. (Psychology of Education)
46
Čižmářová, Eliška. "Vliv včasné diagnostiky na rodinu dítěte s PAS." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-306060.
Full textAbstract:
The diploma thesis The influence of early diagnosis for family of children with ASD deals with problems with autistic spectrum disorders diagnostics. It is focused on families with ASD children. It also maps the period before the diagnosis. The main aim is to show the preceding situation and consequences after the diagnosis of one of the autistic spectrum disorders in the family. The thesis works with both, the psychic impacts influencing family members, but also many other factors. The acquired information is based on the narrative conversation with parents. It speaks about the first displayed symptoms and the attempt to solve the occurring problems. It also speaks about possible seeing doctors, and if so, what specialists and what approaches and diagnoses they met. Last but not least the thesis is interested in those who informed the family about ASD as the first, when it was diagnosed and the change of family life after the diagnosis.