Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pessières – Québec (Province) – Nord-du-Québec'
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Auger, Sarah. "Dynamique structurale d'une pessière à lichens ancienne à la limite nordique de répartition des forêts." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25717/25717.pdf.
Full textPollock, Stefanie. "The origin and dynamics of the spruce-moss forests at their northern limit of distribution (Québec, Canada)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25543/25543.pdf.
Full textJacqmain, Hugo. "Développement d'un processus d'aménagement durable de l'habitat de l'orignal culturellement adapté aux cris de Waswanipi dans le pessière noire du nord du Québec = : Developement of a sustainable moose habitat management process that is culturally relevant to the Waswanipi Cree in the boreal black spruce forest of Northern Quebec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20003.
Full textDurette, Maude-Nancy. "Dynamique forestière des peuplements de peuplier faux-tremble et d'épinette noire de la région de la plaine du lac Matagami (Québec, Canada)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27438.
Full textMiquelajauregui, Graf Yosune. "An integrated model of stand dynamics, soil carbon and fire regime : pplications to boreal ecosystem response to climate change." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27659.
Full textBoreal black spruce forests (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) store great amounts of carbon in the living biomass and in the soil. Fire regime characteristics (e.g. fire return interval, fire intensity, fire season and severity) play a central role in the storage and flow of carbon, by modifying the distribution and transfer of material among pools. There is little doubt in the scientific community that climate change will cause changes in the temporal and spatial variables that control the frequency and severity of fires. A demographic diameter-class structured model was developed to simulate boreal carbon storage under different fire regimes. This approach incorporates the effect of fire intensity and stand structure measures to simulate fire severity, measured as the proportion of overstory tree mortality. The model allows quantifying and mapping average regional estimates of current and future carbon stocks for the black spruce-feathermoss bioclimatic domain of northern Québec. Simulation results suggest that fire severity increases with fire the intensity. Stand structure is one of the factors that explains the observed variation in boreal fire severity. We simulated carbon stocks and fluxes under seven levels of fire return interval (FRI) and two fire seasons. We tested for an effect of these parameters on average carbon stocks. Carbon stocks were sensitive to IRF's between 60 and 300 years. Soil C stocks were lower for summer fires that occurred during shorter IRF. Finally, we investigated the short-term impacts of climate change under four climatic periods: 1980-2010, 2010-2040, 2040-2070 and 2070-2100. Historical and future FRI maps and historical and forecasted weather data estimated by CanESM2 RCP8.5 were used to drive the growth of forests, decomposition rates, fire regime and C dynamics. In our simulation experiments, the accumulation of carbon in the ecosystem was reduced by 11% by the end of 2100. The results of this study suggest that black spruce forest could be losing their capacity to sequester and store organic C over the next coming decades due to climate change effects on the fire regime and on forest growth.
Couillard, Pierre-Luc. "Influence du gradient longitudinal sur l'histoire des feux et la dynamique à long terme du domaine bioclimatique de la pessière à mousses." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40136.
Full textGiroux, Chantal. "Évaluation de la végétalisation et des communautés microbiennes d’un système agroforestier quatre ans après l’implantation sur les rejets miniers aurifères en région nordique canadienne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69496.
Full text$8373052\u$aMining in Canada is of undeniable economic and social importance. The mining industry produces tailings thatmay contaminate the soil and water ecosystems, causing long-term land degradation. This study focuses on the ecological restoration of gold mining wastes in the Canadian north, specifically in northern Quebec. The objective of this master thesis is to assess the potential of different implantation systems for the revegetation of a mine degraded land by assessing the survival of plants, the physicochemical parameters, and the microbial communities of the soil after four years. The field trials were established on gold post-mining sites on fine tailings, using a mixture of tree and herbaceous species, the amendment of symbiotic microorganisms, and biochar. This study has provided insight into the complexity of soil-plant-microorganism relationships. The results showed apositive effect of inoculation on the tree survival rate, especially for Alnus viridis ssp. Crispa and Picea glauca and their survival rate of over 90%. Moreover, the characterization of fungi and bacteria in the soil withthe Illumina Miseq technology made it possible to assess the diversity of microorganisms and their interactionin the environment. Also, the presence of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas and ectomycorrhizal fungi of the genera Amphinema and Cadophora suggest that these beneficial soil microorganisms are well adapted to thisenvironment and can be used as inoculum. Biochar affects soil chemical parameters, especially pH, total carbon,and total nitrogen. These parameters ultimately affected the soil microbial communities. Thus, our results suggest that revegetation of degraded mine sites is possible with a combination of plants, amendments of biochar and, microsymbionts, adapted to edapho-climatic conditions.
Gauthier, Martin-Michel. "Régénération dans les sentiers de débardage en pessière noire irrégulière du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22605/22605.pdf.
Full textRegeneration in logging trails following irregular shelterwood cutting was assessed in Quebec’s boreal forest. In each of five sites, a regeneration inventory was carried out and study plots were installed for this evaluation. Two years after harvest, average regeneration density and stocking in logging trails were 10 780 stems•ha-1 and 77%, respectively. Regeneration density was negatively affected by increasing slash cover across all study sites. Seedling establishment was influenced by direct seeding, position within the logging trail, and substrate type. Environmental conditions were adequate: light availability was sufficient and severe soil compaction was limited. Direct seeding was not very effective on these sites, but the planted black spruce stock responded well. Results suggest that regeneration in logging trails was abundant and well distributed in the first two years after harvest.
Frégeau, Mathieu. "Dynamique de la pessière à mousses au nord du lac Saint-Jean (Québec)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29848/29848.pdf.
Full textTremblay, Joanie. "Dynamique holocène d'une sapinière à bouleau à papier du domaine de la Pessière à mousses de l'Ouest du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28055.
Full textGuérette, Antoine. "Le quartzite à mica de la Haute-Côte-Nord : approche pétroarchéologique et technologique sur l'outillage lithique du site de Longue-Rive (DdEh-8), Haute Côte-Nord." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69581.
Full textArchaeological excavations at the DdEh-8 site carried out by the Ministère du Transport du Québec in 2013 as part of the Longue-Rive municipality highway bypass project in the Upper North Shore region produced an artifact collection associated with a Meadowood occupation (3000 to 2400 AA). More than 80% of the artifacts recovered are derived from the production of tools from a micaceous quartzite specific to this region. Lithologic variability of this regional micaceous quartzite remains poorly understood and its origin unknown. This thesis seeks to clarify the nature of this raw material which is ubiquitous in lithic assemblages from North Shore archaeological sites. We analyze the lithological variability of this material within the assemblage recovered at the DdEh-8 site and propose a more precise characterization based on thin-section petrography. This micaceous quartzite appears to be the result of mylonitization through shear zone deformation. Four main varieties are described and their use in tool production is documented using detailed typo-morphological and technological analyses. This thesis examines the production of lithic bifaces at DdEh-8 in depth; bifacial tools are a particularly significant part of the collection due to the systematic production of Meadowood-style “quaternary preforms” at the site. The classification of bifaces by stage of reduction was undertaken with a continuum approach correlating bifacial margin length with flake removal scar frequency. It appears that the reduction of bifaces at DdEh-8 is not strictly phased in clear technological steps although the objective of this reduction is indeed focused on the production of quaternary preforms. Mica quartzite is a highly favoured raw material in this bifacial industry for reasons that appear to us to be both practical and ideological; this material is both suitable and widely available in the region, while white quartzites appear to have been preferred in general elsewhere in the Meadowood Interaction Sphere
Cortade, Sébastien. "Effet de variables géographiques, bioclimatiques, écologiques et dendrométriques, sur les prédictions du rendement optimal en sciage et de la valeur marchande, pour les pessières noires de la forêt boréale québécoise." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28304.
Full textBrodeur, Alexis. "Évaluation du potentiel de compétition entre le caribou migrateur et le bœuf musqué au Nunavik." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69307.
Full textIn northern Quebec and Labrador, the Rivière-George and Rivière-aux-Feuilles caribou herds have been declining since the 1990s and 2000s, respectively. In particular, marked decline of the Rivière-aux-Feuilles caribou herd coinciding with the demographic growth of muskoxen, an introduced species in northern Quebec, has led local Inuit communities to question the potential for interspecific competition. In response to these concerns we used three methods to evaluate the potential for interspecific competition at different scales: (1) we quantified spatial overlap, (2) we compared both species habitat selection patterns in their overlapping range and (3) we evaluated diet overlap. We used telemetric data and collected fecal samples of both species for DNA barcoding analysis. At the annual scale, spatial overlap was low and limited in time, mostly in spring on the coast of Hudson Bay and in summer on the coast of Ungava Bay. Within their overlapping range, migratory caribou and muskoxen had mostly different habitat selection patterns, particularly in regard to habitat types and proximity to the coast. At a finer spatial scale, this led to low probability of co-occurrence across both coastal areas. Our dietary analysis of fecal samples suggested that both species had a similar diet based on the frequency of the most detected plant families (Ericaceae, Salicaceae et Betulaceae) in summer and winter. Combined, our results suggest that the potential for competition between migratory caribou and muskoxen is low in our study area. However, several factors such as the possible expansion of the muskoxen range and interactions with predators, in the context of climate change, could potentially influence the interactions between these two ungulate species
Rompré, Mathieu. "L'historiographie des Irlandais en Amérique du Nord : le cas de Saint-Colomb-de-Sillery en 1871." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24123/24123.pdf.
Full textDéraps, Daniel. "L'effet du patron de répartition des coupes et des variables du milieu sur les pertes par chablis dans les lisières : cas de la pessière à mousses de l'Est." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20039.
Full textMosaic cut is one of the patterns used in Québec forest management to reduce the impacts of clearcutting and to increase the retention of mature forest. However, the global effect of mosaic cut pattern on windthrow losses has yet to be gauged. The aim of this research is to define the impact of the dispersion cut pattern on winthrow losses and to identify the variables that have an incidence on winthrow within forest edges. The study area was 150 km north of lac Saint-Jean (Québec, Canada) in even aged black spruce forest. Windthrow was inventoried in edges of conventionnal cut and in edges of mosaic cut with experimental plots of 10 meters large and 50 meters long. A cartographic survey was also conducted. Thus, windthrow photo interpretation in edges was done using 1: 10 000 scaled photos. After the analyses, spacing, height, edge type, species composition and diameter turned out to explain significantly windthrow at the edge scale. Photo interpretation data allowed the estimation of windthrow losses for each cut pattern. Within 30 meters inside the edges, losses are 10% more important on the conventional cut pattern. Consequences for management are then discussed.
Harton, Marie-Ève. "Familles, communautés et industrialisation en Amérique du Nord : reproduction familiale canadienne-française à Québec et à Manchester (New Hampshire) au tournant du XXe siècle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27952.
Full textBien qu'aujourd'hui le Québec soit reconnu pour son faible taux de fécondité, le Québec d'autrefois porte davantage l'étiquette de « terroir fertile ». Force est néanmoins de constater que l'image d'une population canadienne-française homogène caractérisée par un mode de reproduction spécifique fut davantage l'apanage des discours des élites (Gauvreau et coll. 2007; Gossage et Gauvreau, 1999) qu'une réalité typiquement canadienne-française (Lavigne, 1983; Bouchard et Lalou, 1993; Gossage, 1999b; Gauvreau et Gossage, 2001; Gauvreau et coll., 2007a; Marcoux, 2010). Cette thèse a pour objectif principal d'apporter une contribution à ce courant de recherche en élargissant l'espace-temps des études déjà menées sur la fécondité canadienne-française et québécoise dans le but d'illustrer les variations des régimes démographiques, et ce, avant le déclin généralisé de la fécondité dans les années 1920 (Gauvreau et coll., 2007a). Cette étude s'inscrit dans un courant de recherche qui vise à analyser les comportements de fécondité en tant que phénomène social complexe dont l'étude des principales transformations relève d'une analyse du changement social (Gaffield, 1991; Bouchard, 1996; Szreter, 1996; McQuillan 1999; Beaujot, 2000; Praz, 2005; Gauvreau et collab., 2007a; Marcoux et St-Hilaire, 2008; Marcoux, 2009; Olson et Thornton, 2011). À l'instar des travaux de Gaffield (1991) et de Praz (2005), elle recadre les comportements de fécondité au sein de la reproduction familiale prise au sens large et examine les mécanismes par le biais desquels s'opère l'articulation des sphères de production et de reproduction au sein des ménages. La thèse suggère que les ressorts de l'industrialisation ont constitué un vecteur de changement social au tournant du XXe siècle par le biais de la diversification des comportements de fécondité canadiens-français à l'échelle nord-américaine. À partir de l'étude approfondie de deux milieux urbains contrastés, elle montre que les Canadiens français ont des comportements reproducteurs différents d'un milieu à l'autre et que cette tendance s'accentue entre 1880-81 et 1910-11. Qui plus est, des différences sont également perceptibles au sein de chaque milieu entre les différentes sous-populations canadiennes-françaises. En recadrant les comportements de fécondité effective au sein de la reproduction familiale, la thèse met en évidence l'influence des rapports de genre et de génération sur l'articulation entre la production et la reproduction. La thèse révèle que ces rapports sont construits dans des conditions spécifiques qui permettent d'expliquer les variations des modes de reproduction. Enfin, l'analyse fait ressortir l'imbrication de l'influence des facteurs structurels et culturels sur les comportements reproducteurs et elle montre comment leur institutionnalisation diffère d'un milieu à l'autre. Au terme de l'exercice, cette thèse apporte un nouvel éclairage sur les modèles reproducteurs canadiens-français. Elle élargit l'espace-temps des principales études menées à ce jour en plus de contribuer à la réflexion épistémologique et méthodologique sur le sujet.
Clark, David 1979. "Petrogenetic and economic significance of the whole-rock chemistry of ultramafic cumulates in the Cape Smith foldbelt, northern Quebec." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112390.
Full textPelletier, Luc. "Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes of three peatlands in the La Grande Rivière watershed, James Bay lowland, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98765.
Full textAverage CH4 fluxes for the different biotypes on vegetated surfaces sampled during summer 2003 ranged from 3.5 to 197 mg m-2 d-1 while summer 2004 average floating chamber pool fluxes ranged between 6.2 and 3165 mg CH4 m-2 d -1. Mean daily CH4 fluxes on vegetated surface are strongly correlated (r2 > 0.75) with summer average water table depth, greater fluxes occurring where water table is close to the surface. The vegetated surface CH4 fluxes were also correlated with peat temperature as fluxes increase with increasing peat temperature during the summer.
Most net ecosystem productivity values calculated for the different biotypes in the three peatlands showed release of CO2 during both early and mid growing season periods. An annual budget calculated for the LG2 peatland showed that the peatland emitted CO2 to the atmosphere at a rate of 0.77 g m-2 d-1. The overall release of CO 2 may have been caused in part by dry conditions in the peatlands during summer 2003, due to high temperature and low precipitation.
Charland, Philippe. "Définition et reconstitution de l'espace territorial du nord-est amériquain : la reconstruction de la carte du W8banaki par la toponymie abénakise au Québec Aln8baïwi Kdakina-- notre monde à la manière abénakise." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85138.
Full textBeing mainly and everywhere dispersed throughout southernmost Quebec, the toponyms of Abenaki origin follow a pattern strongly linked to the rivers. The highest concentration of Abenaki toponyms lies on the southern bank of the St. Lawrence River, which is included in the original territory. The toponyms follow mainly the limit of the Richelieu River to the west and appear down to the Bas-Saint-Laurent in the east. However, the Malecite presence at the same area does not allow the identification of this zone with precision. On the north bank of the St. Lawrence, the two extensions that hold the attention are the Outaouais, where the presence of Abenaki toponyms is recent and not based on settlement and Mauricie, which corresponds to the hunting practices in these territories.
The conclusion is that the southern bank of the St. Lawrence River has been Abenaki territory from the Richelieu River to the Bas-Saint-Laurent from 17th century to the beginning of the 21st century. During the 20th century the Bas-Saint-Laurent is the easternmost zone where Abenaki toponyms are established. On the northern side, the Saint-Maurice River constitutes a zone of Abenaki occupation only since the 19th century and in the Outaouais it can be traced back to the 20 th century. It is almost totally the southernmost territory of Quebec with the concentration of 80% of its population that constitutes an indigenous world that had entirely been lost in memory, conscience and presence at the same time.
Charron, Daniel. "Nationalisme et investissement : le cas du Québec." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0004.
Full textForest-Drolet, Julie. "Répartition du carbone et de l’azote des fractions de la matière organique du sol sous différents types de rotations, de travail de sol et de sources fertilisantes dans le nord du Québec : effets à long terme." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66701.
Full textSawaya, Jean-Pierre. "Les Sept Nations du Canada : traditions d'alliance dans le Nord-Est, XVIIIe-XIXe siècles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28435.
Full textPiette-Lauzière, Nicolas. "Métamorphisme régional du nord-est de la Sous-province de Pontiac, Abitibi, Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31423.
Full textThe Pontiac Subprovince is located in the Superior Province, south of the Abitibi Subprovince. The metasedimentary rocks are characterized by a Barrovian metamorphic gradient increasing from north to south from biotite zone, to garnet zone and to staurolite zone. The Pontiac Subprovince interpreted as an accretionary wedge that was tectonically docked to the Abitibi Subprovince during Archean subduction, however, few studies have attempted to characterize its pressure-temperature-time path to test this hypothesis and little is known about the timing relationship between regional metamorphism and the Au mineralization. The regional fabric is defined by an E-W, NW-SE lepidoblastic ductile foliation in which garnet and staurolite porphyroblasts are interpreted to be late- to post-kinematic with the rare occurrence of syn-kinematic staurolite growth. The garnet-biotite Fe-Mg partitioning coefficient geothermometer is not significantly different between the garnet and the staurolite zone. Similarly, Ti in biotite geothermometry does not suggest different temperature of equilibration between the biotite, garnet and staurolite zone. Pressure and temperature (PT) forward thermodynamic modelling with a water saturated pseudosection yielded conditions of 550-600 ⁰C and 5-6 kbar during a prograde, clock-wise P-T path. Lu-Hf dating of garnet from three outcrops within the staurolite zone yielded an age of 2657 +/- 7 Ma that is inferred to be representative of these conditions. The results of this study imply that the Canadian Malartic mineralization event, previously dated at 2664 Ma with Re-Os on molybdenite, is younger or synchronous with the garnet growth condition in the staurolite zone next to the ore body. The age of garnet growth calls into question the accretionary prism tectonic model currently explaining the contact between the Abitibi and Pontiac Subprovinces.
Meunier, Céline. "Influence de la température sur la croissance et le développement des graines de l'épinette noire dans la forêt boréale au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24120/24120.pdf.
Full textSavard, Joannie. "Dynamique de la végétation des sommets alpins de la forêt boréale, Québec (Canada)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26680/26680.pdf.
Full textCôté-Roberge, Myriam, and Myriam Côté-Roberge. "Contexte tectonométamorphique du nord-ouest du Complexe de Laguiche, sous-province d'Opinaca, Eeyou Itschee Baie-James." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34575.
Full textLa Sous-province d’Opinaca, située dans le craton du Supérieur, est un important bassin néoarchéen de sédiments métamorphisés. Les modèles tectoniques disponibles pour la formation puis l’évolution de l’Opinaca sont variés, allant du prisme accrétionnel au bassin d’arrière-arc. L’étude tectonométamorphique proposée permet de définir le parcours prograde de la région et ainsi discriminer les modèles probables, chacun impliquant une progression du métamorphisme distincte. Dans le nord-ouest de la Sous-province d’Opinaca, des isogrades tracés à partir de minéraux indicateurs du métamorphisme soulignent une progression du faciès des schistes verts dans le nord-ouest au faciès supérieur des amphibolites au sud-est. L’étude de la chimie minérale des minéraux métamorphiques révèle une homogénéisation généralisée des zonations chimiques. Les relations texturales observées dans le secteur au nord de l’Opinaca et une modélisation de l’équilibre des phases indiquent un chemin P-T-t en sens horaire avec un segment en décompresson de 6 à 4 kbar, à ~ 600 °C. Dans la partie sud du secteur d’étude, le chemin PTt est caractérisé par une décompression isothermique suparsolidus de 9 à 5 kbar, à ~ 800 °C, L’âge de la sédimentation est définie par les populations de zircons détritiques et le recoupement d’intrusifs felsiques entre 2712 Ma et >2690 Ma selon les secteurs. La géochronologie U-Pb sur des monazites indiquent deux pics de métamorphisme, à ~ 2670 et ~ 2645 Ma. La datation des grenats avec le système Lu-Hf indique que la croissance du grenat correspond à la plus jeune génération de monazite, circa 2645 Ma. La première génération de monazite est interprétée comme liée à un événement métamorphique de basse pression n’impliquant pas la croissance de grenat. Ces résultats permettent de proposer pour l’évolution du bassin d’Opinaca un polymétamorphisme dans un environnement géodynamique d’inversion tectonique d’un basin. Après la sédimentation, un premier épisode métamorphisme de haute température affecte le bassin en extension vers 2670 Ma. Vers 2645 Ma, la fermeture du bassin et l’épaississement crustal provoque un deuxième épisode de métamorphisme, de type barrovien, caractérisé par une décompression isothermale possiblement aidée par un certain degré d’extrusion ductile
The Opinaca Subprovince, in the Superior craton, is an important Neoarchean metamorphosed sediments basin. Various models are proposed to explain the formation and evolution of the Opinaca, ranging from accretional prism to back-arc basin. The proposed tectonometamorphic study allows the determination of the prograde evolution of the basin and hence the selection of the most probable regional model, each being characterized by contrasting styles of metamorphic progression. In the north-western Opinaca Subprovince, isograds traced from index minerals highlight a progression from greenschist facies in the north-west to upper amphibolites facies in the south-east. The chemistry of metamorphic minerals shows a global homogenisation of growth zonation. In the northernmost Opinaca Subprovince, textural relations and phase equilibrium modelling indicate a clockwise PTt path with an isothermal decompression segment from 6 to 4 kbar at ~ 600 °C. In the southern part of the study region, the clockwise PTt path is characterized by stronger, suprasolidus isothermal decompression from 9 to 5 kbar at ~ 800 °C. We constrain deposition of the Opinaca greywacke from 2712 to 2690 Ma with the youngest detrital zircon population and crosscutting felsic intrusions. U-Pb monazite geochronology indicates two pulses of metamorphism, at ~2670 and ~ 2645 Ma. Lu-Hf dating of garnet supported by textural analysis and trace element mineral chemistry indicates that garnet growth is coeval with the younger population of monazite, circa 2645 Ma. The first generation of monazite around 2670 Ma is thus interpreted as a low-pressure metamorphic event that did not involve garnet growth. These results point towards a polymetamorphic evolution for the Opinaca Subprovince consistent with the tectonic inversion of a rift-like basin. Clastic sedimentation between 2712 to 2690 Ma in a magmatically active, rift-like basin was followed by regional low-P metamorphism at 2670 Ma. The onset of crustal shortening and thickening in the basin by 2645 Ma resulted in Barrovian-type metamorphism, and involved isothermal decompression that could have been accommodated by some degree of ductile extrusion.
The Opinaca Subprovince, in the Superior craton, is an important Neoarchean metamorphosed sediments basin. Various models are proposed to explain the formation and evolution of the Opinaca, ranging from accretional prism to back-arc basin. The proposed tectonometamorphic study allows the determination of the prograde evolution of the basin and hence the selection of the most probable regional model, each being characterized by contrasting styles of metamorphic progression. In the north-western Opinaca Subprovince, isograds traced from index minerals highlight a progression from greenschist facies in the north-west to upper amphibolites facies in the south-east. The chemistry of metamorphic minerals shows a global homogenisation of growth zonation. In the northernmost Opinaca Subprovince, textural relations and phase equilibrium modelling indicate a clockwise PTt path with an isothermal decompression segment from 6 to 4 kbar at ~ 600 °C. In the southern part of the study region, the clockwise PTt path is characterized by stronger, suprasolidus isothermal decompression from 9 to 5 kbar at ~ 800 °C. We constrain deposition of the Opinaca greywacke from 2712 to 2690 Ma with the youngest detrital zircon population and crosscutting felsic intrusions. U-Pb monazite geochronology indicates two pulses of metamorphism, at ~2670 and ~ 2645 Ma. Lu-Hf dating of garnet supported by textural analysis and trace element mineral chemistry indicates that garnet growth is coeval with the younger population of monazite, circa 2645 Ma. The first generation of monazite around 2670 Ma is thus interpreted as a low-pressure metamorphic event that did not involve garnet growth. These results point towards a polymetamorphic evolution for the Opinaca Subprovince consistent with the tectonic inversion of a rift-like basin. Clastic sedimentation between 2712 to 2690 Ma in a magmatically active, rift-like basin was followed by regional low-P metamorphism at 2670 Ma. The onset of crustal shortening and thickening in the basin by 2645 Ma resulted in Barrovian-type metamorphism, and involved isothermal decompression that could have been accommodated by some degree of ductile extrusion.
Boutillier, Annye. "Évaluation du processus de concertation de la gouvernance de l'eau au Québec : la participation des entreprises minières de la Côte-Nord." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66832.
Full textQuebec’s Water Policy has almost 20 years. To plan an integrated water management, the Watershed Organizations need to implement consultation and cooperation between all water stakeholders. The consultation meeting is not an obligation for them, it is voluntary. They all have a different relation with the water resources. Depending of their role in their respective organization, they have various interests, which may influence their participation to the integrated water management planed by the Watershed Organizations with the Water Master Plan. This study focuses on the mining industry of the Côte-Nord region and its participation to the consultation. The private sector often has a significant influence in their host communities, so they can have great impacts on the population.The main goal of this research is to know how stakeholders perceive consultation meetings for the integrated water management by watershed, and what is the place of the mining industry’s participation. The hypothesis is that a voluntary consultation is hard to organize and that it is not in the mining industry’s interests to participate. Some interviews have been realized during summer and fall of 2019 to help answer these questions. This case study shows a summary portrait of Quebec’s water governance in a context of decentralization and allows a reflection on our natural resource management methods. The hypothesis is not well confirmed. There are effectively some difficulties to plan a voluntary consultation, however we cannot confirm it is not in the interest of the mining companies to be part of it.
Deshpande, Bethany. "Dynamique de l'oxygène et l'activité microbienne dans les lacs de fonte du pergélisol subarctique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27024.
Full textThermokarst lakes (shallow lakes caused by the thawing and collapse of ice-rich permafrost) are a unique type of aquatic ecosystem, and are known to be strong emitters of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. They are highly abundant and experiencing rapid changes in subarctic Quebec, becoming larger and deeper in some regions. The objective of this study was to provide an improved understanding of oxygen dynamics in thermokarst lakes, while also evaluating the controlling factors for these variations and the potential future changes in oxygenation in this globally important class of freshwater ecosystems. A wide range of techniques was employed throughout this study, including a combination of in situ, laboratory, and modelling approaches. Autonomous oxygen, conductivity and temperature sensors were employed from summer 2012 to 2015, providing continuous measurements at 10- to 60-minute intervals throughout the study. Laboratory measurements included bacterial respiration and production rates, geochemical lake variables, and an investigation of bacterial community size-fractions. Lake temperature and oxygen concentrations were modelled in one thermokarst peatland lake from the recent past (1971) to the future climate (2095), employing a moderate (RCP 4.5) and more extreme (RCP 8.5) climate-warming scenario. The results of this study revealed that anoxic conditions are prevalent in many thermokarst lakes throughout much of the year. High concentrations of ions accumulate throughout winter due to ice formation at the surface (cryoconcentration) and from ions released associated with hypolimnetic respiratory activity. The strong ion gradient resulted in a combined temperature- and salinity-based density gradient throughout winter. Some lakes were dimictic, mixing twice a year, while others only mixed completely once in fall or never throughout the annual cycle. There were abundant and highly active bacterial populations, with respiratory rates comparable to those observed in meso- or eutrophic systems of the north-temperate zone. Erosion of permafrost peatland soil material provided carbon- and nutrient-rich substrates for bacterial populations, and habitats suitable for colonization by active particle-attached bacterial populations. The oxygen model showed that warmer air temperatures could substantially reduce ice-cover thickness and duration, resulting in greater concentrations of oxygen being transferred from the atmosphere to the surface waters. This could ultimately increase dissolved oxygen concentration throughout the water column and reduce the number of days of anoxic conditions within thermokarst lakes. This thesis underscores the critical role played by thermokarst lakes as biogeochemical reactors that convert organic carbon in ancient northern soils to greenhouse gases, and the importance of oxygen as a sensitive indicator of their mixing and chemical dynamics, as well as a master variable controlling metabolic processes.
Plante, Félix. "Mise au point de la méthode d'ADN environnemental pour les inventaires de salamandres de ruisseaux au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69064.
Full textAmphibians have been showing worrying signs of decline on all continents for several years now. In this context, the acquisition of knowledge regarding these species is an essential step leading to good conservation measures. Environmental DNA is an emerging survey method that is rapidly gaining in popularity and testing this method with several species remains an important step in order to better understand its limitations and benefits. This research aims to explore this method with three species of stream-dwelling salamanders in Quebec (Gyrinophilus porphyriticus, Desmognathus fuscus and Eurycea bislineata), with the objective of evaluating its effectiveness with this group of species of high interest from a conservation point of view. Hence, the eDNA method was compared to the traditional method of active stream search for detection (presence/absence of species) as well as for the quantitative aspect. For all three species, results show that eDNA was detected in all streams where the species was observed by active search. In addition, eDNA was detected in nine streams where the species were not detected by active search. The results regarding the quantitative nature of eDNA are not very conclusive, as the relationship between eDNA concentration and salamander density was weak to non-existent with our model. This result is not surprising considering the high variability of the eDNA concentration data. Thus, we conclude that the eDNA method can be a very valuable tool for the detection of these three salamander species. Since the quantitative aspect of eDNA does not seem to be useful, the future of stream-dwelling salamander surveys seems to lie in a shared use of both methods, so as to make the most of the strengths of each and avoid their weaknesses.
Voyer, Erika. "Expérimentation de méthodes de mitigation de la dégradation du pergélisol sur les infrastructures de transport du Nunavik, Nord du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26000/26000.pdf.
Full textGosselin, Jessica. "Analyse différenciée entre les sexes, gouvernance et progression égalitaire : étude de la compatibilité du droit constitutionnel canadien aux obligations relatives à l'égalité par l'exemple du Plan Nord." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30626/30626.pdf.
Full textThis study purports to analyze the government of Quebec’s obligations with respect to sex-based equality in the elaboration of the PLAN NORD. We address this issue with an approach combining the State’s obligations resulting from the right to sex-based equality in Canada, the governance issue raised in major projects such as the PLAN NORD and the implementation of gender-mainstreaming analyses as a means to achieve substantive equality. We take the position that the right to sex equality guaranteed under Section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms imposes on the State a positive obligation to act. This conclusion is supported by Canada’s international agreements, social policies favoring the implementation of gender-mainstreaming analyses and the often reiterated position of the Supreme Court of Canada pursuing substantive equality. Gender-mainstreaming is presented as to be the subject of a formal constitutional recognition and as a means to achieve equality in Canada.
Brouard, Denis. "Evaluation hydrochimique et écotoxicologique des retombées acides pour les rivières à saumon (Côte-Nord du fleuve Saint-Laurent, Québec)." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30246.
Full textBichet, Orphé. "L'aménagement de l'habitat du caribou forestier permet-il la conservation de la biodiversité?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30642/30642.pdf.
Full textThis study assessed the effect of habitat management for the recovery of boreal caribou (Rangifer tarandus) on the diversity of boreal birds. An index of occupancy was estimated for 29 bird species from surveyed data, and then compared among seven simulated landscapes contrasting in cut-block distribution and harvest rotation. Whereas cut-block distribution had little effect on bird assemblages, bird diversity was better maintained under a 100-year harvest rotation than a 60-year rotation. Bird assemblages for both harvest rotations differed significantly from assemblages expected in an uncut landscape, implying that rotations shorter than natural disturbance cycles could affect regional biodiversity. Our method thus allows the assessment of the long-term impact of various management strategies on biodiversity prior their implementation. On this basis, we showed that the current habitat management guidelines for boreal caribou recovery would not be sufficient to conserve bird diversity in the boreal forest.
Laberge, Pelletier Caroline. "L'environnement des éricacées des forêts de l'est du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24402/24402.pdf.
Full textThe objective of the present ecological inventory was to characterize the presence of three common ericad species: Rhododendron groenlandicum, Vaccinium species and Kalmia angustifolia, in Quebec North Shore forests, and to better understand their presence in relation to environmental factors. Ninety-seven sites within the undisturbed black spruce-feathermoss (Picea mariana) forest north of Baie-Comeau were selected for the study. Rhododendron had the highest mean cover, followed by Vaccinium and Kalmia. The presence of these species was associated with an open forest canopy, acid, coarse-textured and nutrient-poor soils. Ericads were strongly associated with black spruce-dominated forests, with presence decreasing as the balsam fir (Abies balsamea) component increased. Four vegetation associations were identified, including an Ericad-lichen group that included the three ericads and three Cladina species. Results may be used to help identify and classify sites vulnerable to ericaceous invasion after forest harvest.
Grundman, Gaëlle. "Evaluation des potentiels en huile et gaz du Nord-Est de la Gaspésie (Québec, Canada) : approche géochimique et modélisation 2D du système pétrolier." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066043.
Full textGaspé Peninsula (Québec, Canada) is made up of three distinct tectonostratigraphic domains: Cambro-Ordovician rocks, Siluro-Devonian rocks and Carboniferous. The objective of this study is to improve understanding of this petroleum system, through a geochemical approach coupled with a 2D modeling. Study of Rock-Eval 6 profiles of Siluro-Devonian bulk rocks suggests the presence of a significant amount of generated but not free petroleum products. To avoid overestimation of the oil potential, it appears necessary to analyze the kerogens. The study of kerogens extracts thus indicates that the Siluro-Devonian rocks have generated hydrocarbons without possibility to expel them. In addition, the kinetics parameters of thermal cracking of kerogens allowed the establishment of a decreasing curve of the HI, which can be compared to the curve measured in this study and enables to estimate the minimum height of eroded sediments during the last erosions that affected the northeastern Gaspé (4500 m). This estimated amount of erosion proved to be an important parameter during the numerical modeling. Thus, three scenarios were defined according to the thickness of eroded formations and assumptions of maximum burial, but also taking into account results on previous fission track analysis. If it is difficult to determine the best burial scenario that prevailed in the geological history of northeastern Gaspé, the convergence of results enable the establishment of the Cambro-Ordovician origin of the hydrocarbon, the provision of a reliable chronology of generation-expulsion-migration events, the estimation of the mass of hydrocarbons in play, and the location of accumulations over time
Vanier, Marc-Antoine, and Marc-Antoine Vanier. "Caractérisation des zones de cisaillement du sud-est de la Province de Churchill, Québec : un cas d'écoulement latéral en croûte-moyenne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37137.
Full textCette contribution présente une approche combinant les résultats de traitements et d’interprétations de données aéromagnétiques, d’une étude structurale de terrain, d’une analyse des axes-c du quartz et de la géochronologie U-Pb. Les résultats révèlent les caractéristiques principales de trois zones de cisaillement du sud-est de la Province de Churchill (SEPC) : i) une foliation subverticale et une linéation d’étirement subhorizontale, ii) une cinématique dextre le long des zones de cisaillement N-S, iii) une cinématique senestre le long des zones de cisaillement WNW-ESE et iv) des tectonites en L à LS. L’angle obtus de 116° entre les zones de cisaillement de la rivière George (ZCRG) et de Moonbase indique qu’elles forment une paire de cisaillements ductiles conjuguées. Les angles d’ouverture des fabriques d’axes-c indiquent des températures de déformation représentatives entre ~ 575 °C et 685 °C dans la ZCRG et entre ~ 670 °C et 805 °C dans la Zone de cisaillement du lac Tudor. Les microstructures appuient ces températures de déformation et indiquent un degré variable de recristallisation statique dans la ZCRG. La majorité de la déformation dans la ZCRG a eu lieu avant 1812 ± 5 Ma. Les températures de déformation élevées et généralisées ont favorisé la déformation pénétrative qui se manifeste par un réseau de zones de cisaillement. La géométrie et la cinématique de ce réseau suggèrent que la portion est du SEPC a subi une déformation approximativement coaxiale durant un raccourcissement ~ NE-SW, qui a été accommodé par l’écoulement ductile latéral de la croûte-moyenne vers une limite non confinée au SSE. Ce modèle tectonique fournit une explication pour l’absence d’une empreinte métamorphique dans les domaines de Mistinibi-Raude et d’Orma. La ZCRG, est reliées à l’écoulement latéral en croûte moyenne durant une collision approximativement orthogonale plutôt qu’à une collision oblique causée par le déplacement vers le nord du craton Supérieur.
This contribution presents results from treatments and interpretations of aeromagnetic data, structural field studies, quartz c-axis analysis, and zircon U-Pb geochronology. These results reveal the main characteristics of the shear zones: i) subvertical foliation and subhorizontal stretching lineation, ii) dextral kinematics along N-S shear zones, iii) sinistral kinematics along WNW-ESE shear zones, and iv) L to LS tectonites. The obtuse angle of 116° between the George River (GRSZ) and Moonbase shear zones indicates that they form a set of conjugate ductile shear zones. Quartz c-axis opening angle thermometry outlines representative deformation temperatures that range from ~ 575 °C to 685 °C in the GRSZ and from ~ 670 °C to 805 (±50) °C in the Lac Tudor shear zone. Microstructures support those deformation temperatures and indicate a variable degree of static recrystallization in the GRSZ. Most of the deformation in the GRSZ occurred prior to 1812 ± 5 Ma. Generalized high deformation temperatures in the Southeastern Churchill Province (SECP) has favored penetrative deformation resulting in the development of a shear zone network. The geometry and kinematics of the shear zone network indicates that the eastern portion of the SECP accommodated near coaxial bulk strain during ~NE-SW shortening, which was accommodated by ductile lateral flow of the mid-crust towards the unconfined SSE. This tectonic model provides an explanation for the lack of a trans-hudsonian metamorphic footprint in the Mistinibi-Raude Block and the Orma Domain. The GRSZ is therefore interpreted to be related to lateral flow in the mid-crust during close to orthogonal collision rather than to oblique collision caused by northward displacement of the Superior craton.
This contribution presents results from treatments and interpretations of aeromagnetic data, structural field studies, quartz c-axis analysis, and zircon U-Pb geochronology. These results reveal the main characteristics of the shear zones: i) subvertical foliation and subhorizontal stretching lineation, ii) dextral kinematics along N-S shear zones, iii) sinistral kinematics along WNW-ESE shear zones, and iv) L to LS tectonites. The obtuse angle of 116° between the George River (GRSZ) and Moonbase shear zones indicates that they form a set of conjugate ductile shear zones. Quartz c-axis opening angle thermometry outlines representative deformation temperatures that range from ~ 575 °C to 685 °C in the GRSZ and from ~ 670 °C to 805 (±50) °C in the Lac Tudor shear zone. Microstructures support those deformation temperatures and indicate a variable degree of static recrystallization in the GRSZ. Most of the deformation in the GRSZ occurred prior to 1812 ± 5 Ma. Generalized high deformation temperatures in the Southeastern Churchill Province (SECP) has favored penetrative deformation resulting in the development of a shear zone network. The geometry and kinematics of the shear zone network indicates that the eastern portion of the SECP accommodated near coaxial bulk strain during ~NE-SW shortening, which was accommodated by ductile lateral flow of the mid-crust towards the unconfined SSE. This tectonic model provides an explanation for the lack of a trans-hudsonian metamorphic footprint in the Mistinibi-Raude Block and the Orma Domain. The GRSZ is therefore interpreted to be related to lateral flow in the mid-crust during close to orthogonal collision rather than to oblique collision caused by northward displacement of the Superior craton.
Lapierre, Christine. "Shop-floor society : work and social relations on the North Shore of Québec." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83191.
Full textHull, John Sterling. "Analyzing the potential for tourism to promote sustainable economic development on the Lower North Shore of Quebec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0026/NQ50188.pdf.
Full textCôté, Léonie. "Sélection de symbiotes racinaires pour la restauration écologique de résidus miniers dans le nord du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40334.
Full textMining activities involve the removal of healthy living soil, plant propagule and symbionts, beneficial to plant is necessary to take steps to promote the ecological restoration of degraded sites. Our research hypothesis is that the use of root symbionts can enhance the establishment and survival of plant communities on on drastically disturbed sites. Healthy roots were collected from six plant species at the Schefferville iron mine site in northern Quebec. Fungi were isolated from root tips and pure isolates were identified based on ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) analysis. A total of 376 cultivable fungi were isolated and identified to 106 operational taxonomic units (OTU). These cultivable communities show differences according to the types of habitat and host plant. Nine of the most frequently isolated fungi were used for an invitro test in liquid-based media (GYME) amended with overburden, waste rock or pure iron. Ergosterol andorganic acids were quantified to monitor fungal growth and reaction to amendments. Ericoid fungusRhizoscyphus ericae exhibited the best growth in the presence of mine tailings. Dark septate endophytePhialocephala fortinii ranked second in terms of growth, but it produced the highest amount of organic acids.Cadophora finlandica and Meliniomyces bicolor also showed good tolerance to amendments. In conclusion,cultivable root associated fungi did not all respond in the same way to the imposed abiotic stress. We selected the candidate fungi that would best suit the particular case of the restoration of the Schefferville mining site.
Paunescu, Alexandra-Cristina. "Les composés dioxin-like mesurés par DR-CALUX et les paramètres osseux évalués par ultrasonographie chez les femmes cries et inuites du Nord-du-Québec et du Groenland." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23609.
Full textLemer-Fleury, Alice. "L'Amérique du Nord britannique en métropole (1783-1815) : politiques coloniales et débats publics sur les colonies canadiennes en Angleterre et en Ecosse." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2043/document.
Full textThis dissertation analyses the way British North Americawas governed and represented in England and Scotlandbetween 1783 and 1815. It is based on the analysis ofthe correspondence of the Secretaries of State incharge of the colonies, on works published bypoliticians, economists and lobbyists, as well as onnewspapers, magazines and reviews. It shows that,after the loss of the thirteen American colonies, theBritish government implemented imperial policies thatwere both a continuation of the pre-war politics andanswers to new challenges that appeared in the age ofRevolutions. The analysis of the British government’spolicy for the Canadian colonies shows that it followedold principles but it also highlights the British imperialproject in North America. In analysing the debates andthe representations of these colonies in the Britishpublic sphere, this study uncovers the presence ofCanada and the interest of the British people, both inEngland and in Scotland, in their transatlanticpossessions after 1783. Through the study of thesepublic debates it becomes possible to reassess the wayBritons considered the settling of British North America,with Highland migrants in particular. Finally, the presentwork shows how the Scots influenced the way theCanadian colonies were administered, debated andrepresented in Britain – but most importantly, itdemonstrates that this Scottish influence wasinstrumental in increasing Britishness at home, at leastin the way the English and the Scots related andreacted to imperial questions in North America
Gauthier, Francis. "LES GLACES DE PAROI. Glaciologie, thermodynamique et prévision des chutes de blocs de glace sur les routes du nord de la Gaspésie (Québec, Canada)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29924/29924.pdf.
Full textThe growth of rockwall icings result from the gradual freezing of runoff on a cliff. In northern Gaspésie (Québec, Canada), sixty of these sometimes voluminous ice formations (over 3000 m3) were located near roads. Between 2000 and 2012, 440 interventions to remove ice blocks from the road were conducted by the “Ministère des Transports du Québec” (M.T.Q.). A better understanding of the growth, melt and collapse dynamics of rockwall icings is needed to improve the management of this natural hazard. Ice samples were collected and their microstructure analyzed by computed tomography and under cross polarized light. The ice volume evolution of four rockwall icings was studied using various thermodynamic models and validated from ice volume measurements made with LiDAR imaging. An ice blocks fall forecasting method was developed by comparing the timing of M.T.Q. interventions with meteorological data. The results were used to describe the growth mechanisms of four different types of ice formation found on rockwalls. The models showed that freezing of the water to cold air convection is the main process responsible for their growth. In spring, the melting rate of the ice cascade or frozen waterfall clearly depends on the sensible heat carried by the increasing water flow. The melting of the ice walls formed from the freezing of seeping water coming from underground water resurgences rather is the result of air convection and the radiation heat budget (Qrad). A simple model based on the calculation of the freezing, or melting, degree-hours was also effective for simulating the evolution of the north facing ice walls. Including Qrad to this model improved its performance and allowed accurate modeling of the south facing ice wall. Finally, the effects of meteorological variables on the occurrence of ice blocks falls were simulated using logistic models. By following the trends of the melting degree-days and the best statistical model, it is possible to forecast the collapse of some of the most problematic rockwall icings and target the most hazardous periods along northern Gaspésie roads. This study is an important step towards a more effective management of this natural hazard.
Doran-Plante, Maxime. "Le reboisement au Québec : l'expérience incorporée à travers la discipline, la musique et l'imagination." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23761/23761.pdf.
Full textRenaud, Maxime. "Procédure facilitant l'élaboration d'une mosaïque d'interventions forestières écologiquement acceptable et opérationnellement réalisable à l'échelle du paysage. Le cas de la pessière à mousses du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22800/22800.pdf.
Full textLainey, Jonathan C. "La "monnaie des sauvages" ou les colliers de porcelaine d'hier à aujourd'hui : la collection de wampums du Musée de la civilisation à Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17766.
Full textDubeau, Claudelle. "Association entre la qualité de l'alimentation et l'exposition aux acides perfluoroalkylés (PFAA) et au bisphénol A (BPA) pouvant provenir de la transformation et de l'emballage des aliments chez les enfants et les jeunes âgés de 3 à 19 ans dans quatre communautés des Premières Nations du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68411.
Full textContext. Although traditional foods play a central role in Indigenous Peoples nutrition and culture, their intake is increasingly being replaced by processed foods, particularly among younger generations. Other than their lower nutritional quality, processed foods may also contain chemical contaminants from food processing and packaging that are known or suspected endocrine disruptors, such as perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and bisphenol A (BPA). In 2015, the project Jeunes, Environnement et Santé / Youth, Environment and Health (JES!-YEH!) was conducted among children and youth (3-19y) in collaboration with four First Nation communities in Quebec (n=198) and the objectives of the present project were to: (i) Document exposure to PFAAs and BPA in comparison to the most recent youth data of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS Cycle 5 2016-2017); (ii) Describe the intake of different food categories that may contain PFAAs or BPA; and (iii) Examine the associations between food categories intakes and exposure to these contaminants. Methods. Anthropometric measurements were taken and questionnaires were administered, including a food frequency questionnaire, based on which food intakes were calculated. Biological samples were collected, and serum was analysed for PFAAs (PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, PFNA) and urine for BPA. Generalized linear models were used to test associations between food intakes and biomarkers of exposure to PFAAs and BPA. Results. Mean PFNA serum concentrations were significantly higher than in the CHMS Cycle 5 (2016-2017) for the same age groups among Anishinabe participants, where as concentrations of mean PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS levels were lower than CHMS values among all JES!-YEH! participants. Mean urinary BPA concentrations were also higher than in the CHMS Cycle 5 (2016-2017) in all participants. Dairy products intake was high in comparison to other food categories, and especially milk, among Anishinabe participants aged 6 to 11 years old and Innu participants aged 3 to 5 and 6 to 11 years old. Total dairy products intake was significantly associated with PFNA serum concentrations among Anishinabe participants and Innu participants. PFNA was likewise associated with ultraprocessed foods intakes among Anishinabe participants, whereas it was associated with wild marine fish and berries intakes among Innu participants. PFHxS was associated with microwave popcorn intake among Anishinabe participants. For BPA, a positive association was found with cheese and milk intakes in Anishinabe participants, and with wild marine fish, wild berries, desserts and processed meats intakes in Innu participants. Conclusion. These results highlight the importance of better documenting food-processing and packaging methods, particularly for dairy products, and their contribution to endocrine disruptors exposures as well as to promote minimally processed and unpackaged foods to provide healthier food environments for youth in Indigenous communities and beyond.
Veilleux-Nolin, Mélanie. "Influence de la saison et de la sévérité des feux récents sur la régénération de l'épinette noire dans la pessière noire à mousses du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27935/27935.pdf.
Full textBeaulieu, Alexandra. "« Minuenimun » Le sentiment du bien-être. La guérison communautaire chez les Innus d'Unamen Shipu (Basse-côte-Nord du Québec)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28834/28834.pdf.
Full textGagnon, Marianne, and Marianne Gagnon. "Associations entre la diversité génétique et la performance individuelle chez le caribou migrateur (Rangifer tarandus) du nord du Québec et du Labrador." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32635.
Full textLes liens entre la diversité génétique et la performance individuelle peuvent révéler l’existence de dépression de consanguinité ou de sélection naturelle à certains loci fonctionnels dans une population. Dans cette étude, nous avons étudié l’association de la diversité génétique avec des traits de performance (survie annuelle et masse corporelle) chez le caribou migrateur appartenant à deux populations en déclin au Québec et au Labrador. Nous avons évalué la diversité génétique à deux échelles génétiques: i) à l’échelle du génome (22073 polymorphismes nucléotidiques simples) et ii) chez un locus (DRB) du complexe majeur d’histocompatibilité (CMH), un gène d’immunité. Pendant les 20 années de notre période d’échantillonnage, la diversité génétique globale et celle du locus CMH-DRB sont restées stables. La diversité génétique globale n’était pas associée aux traits de performance, mais la diversité fonctionnelle de CMH-DRB était associée négativement à la survie annuelle des adultes. Par ailleurs, nous avons détecté une faible différentiation génétique entre les deux troupeaux qui étaient considérés jusqu’ici comme une seule population d’un point de vue génétique. Nos résultats suggèrent que le déclin rapide des deux troupeaux de caribous n’a pas entraîné de perte de diversité génétique, même si une augmentation de la dérive génétique pourrait être à l’origine de la structure génétique observée. Ils supportent aussi l’hypothèse qu’il n’y aurait pas de dépression de consanguinité dans les troupeaux, malgré leur déclin démographique marqué. L’association négative de la diversité au CMH avec la survie que nous avons détectée va à l’encontre de la majorité des études publiées sur ce sujet, qui montrent en général une association positive. Nos résultats suggèrent que la diversité au CMH n’est peut-être pas avantageuse dans des écosystèmes où la diversité de pathogènes est faible ou dans lesquels l’abondance de pathogènes change rapidement en réponse aux changements climatiques.
Associations between genetic diversity and individual performance may indicate inbreeding depression or selective pressures applied on some functional loci in a population. In this study, we looked at the association of genetic diversity with performance traits (annual survival and body mass) in migratory caribou of two declining herds in Québec and Labrador. We assessed genetic diversity at two genetic scales: i) genome-wide diversity estimated with 22,073 single nucleotide polymorphisms and ii) diversity of one locus (DRB) of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). During the 20-year sampling period, genome-wide and MHC-DRB diversity remained stable. Genome-wide diversity was not associated with performance, but MHC-DRB functional diversity showed a negative association with annual survival of adults. Furthermore, we found a slight differentiation of the two herds that were considered until now as a single population from a genetic point of view. Our results suggest that the rapid decline of both herds did not lead to a loss of genetic diversity, even though an increase in genetic drift could be responsible for the genetic structure we observed. They also suggest that the herds do not suffer from inbreeding depression despite their marked decline. The negative association of MHC-DRB diversity with survival is opposite to the majority of studies published on this matter that usually show a positive association. Our results suggest that MHC diversity might not be beneficial in ecosystems with low pathogen diversity or in which pathogen abundance changes quickly in response to climate change.
Associations between genetic diversity and individual performance may indicate inbreeding depression or selective pressures applied on some functional loci in a population. In this study, we looked at the association of genetic diversity with performance traits (annual survival and body mass) in migratory caribou of two declining herds in Québec and Labrador. We assessed genetic diversity at two genetic scales: i) genome-wide diversity estimated with 22,073 single nucleotide polymorphisms and ii) diversity of one locus (DRB) of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). During the 20-year sampling period, genome-wide and MHC-DRB diversity remained stable. Genome-wide diversity was not associated with performance, but MHC-DRB functional diversity showed a negative association with annual survival of adults. Furthermore, we found a slight differentiation of the two herds that were considered until now as a single population from a genetic point of view. Our results suggest that the rapid decline of both herds did not lead to a loss of genetic diversity, even though an increase in genetic drift could be responsible for the genetic structure we observed. They also suggest that the herds do not suffer from inbreeding depression despite their marked decline. The negative association of MHC-DRB diversity with survival is opposite to the majority of studies published on this matter that usually show a positive association. Our results suggest that MHC diversity might not be beneficial in ecosystems with low pathogen diversity or in which pathogen abundance changes quickly in response to climate change.
Malenfant-Corriveau, Manuel. "Propriétés hydrauliques d'un till compacté avec un faible pourcentage de particules argileuses." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27082.
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