Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pesticide residue in plant

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Academic literature on the topic 'Pesticide residue in plant'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pesticide residue in plant"

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Dari, Linda, Ahmad ADDO, and Komla Agbeko DZISI. "Determination of Pesticide Residuals in Soil and Tomato Fruits from Two Tomato Production Areas in northern Ghana." Ghana Journal of Science, Technology and Development 6, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47881/167.967x.

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Tomato fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) is an important vegetable commodity in Ghana, as it is consumed daily in many households either heat-treated or without any form of heat treatments. Tomato production is a major source of income for many smallholder producers in Northern Ghana especially through dry season farming when the major supply of tomatoes from Southern Ghana is exhausted. Research conducted for the past decade confirmed the presence of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables such as cabbage, onion, cucumber, lettuce, tomatoes, okra and pepper. The objective of this study was to identify and estimate pesticide residual levels in the soil and tomato fruits in comparison with the maximum allowable residual limits. The research was carried out in two production communities namely Doba where the “Burkina” variety is mostly grown in the Kassena Nankana East District of the Upper East Region and Bunglung where the “Wosowoso” variety is cultivated in the Savelugu/Nanton Municipality of Northern Region. Soil samples were collected for residue determination before transplanting of tomato seedlings. Matured and ripe tomato fruits were also collected for the determination of the presence and amount of pesticide residues. All soil and plant samples were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography to determine the presence of twenty-four organochlorines and thirteen organophosphate pesticide residues. From the analysis, pesticide residues were present in different variations which ranged from 0.002 – 0.033 and 0.003 – 0.022 (soils) and 0.330 – 1.187 and 0.002 – 0.088 (fruits) for organochlorines and organophosphates respectively for both communities. Levels of pesticide residues were generally above the acceptable maximum residue limits as farmer practices produced fruits with more pesticide residues since the land areas could have been predisposed with residues from previous seasons for other food crops, which could be translocated into the tomato plant and through into the fruits. The presence of pesticide residues could also be attributed to the influence of run-off and drift from other cultivated lands. For effective determination of pesticides residues in the tomato plants, it is essential to use uncontaminated soil and water to facilitate the efficient estimation of pesticide residues in tomatoes and plants in general.
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Akhtar, Sana, Ghazala Yaqub, Almas Hamid, Zainab Afzal, and Sidra Asghar. "Determination of Pesticide Residues in Selected Vegetables and Fruits From A Local Market of Lahore, Pakistan." Current World Environment 13, no. 2 (August 25, 2018): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.13.2.09.

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Increased food products to meet the population needs, has resulted in extensive use of pesticides. However the use of these pesticides is a potential source of contamination of soil and food. The present study was carried out to determine selected pesticides namely bifenthrin, difenoconazole, paraquat, dimethomorph, imidacloprid, deltamethrin residual in fruit (guava) and vegetables (egg plant and round guord) collected from shops in commercial market, Lahore. These samples were prepared and subjected to high pressure liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for detection of pesticide residues. The results showed that in Guava fruit concentration of bifenthrin, difenoconazole, paraquat, diomethomorph and imidacloprid were 5.13, 81.5, 6.6, 0.48 and 1.65 mg/kg respectively. In Egg Plant sample, bifenthrin, difenoconazole, paraquat, diomethomorph and deltamethrin detected residues were 3.53, 5.62, 4.58, 0.25 and 0.005 mg/kg respectively while imidacloprid residues were not detected. In Round Gourd, the values of bifenthrin, difenoconazole, paraquat, diomethomorph residues were 3.87, 61.53, 5.01 and 0.15 mg/kg respectively. Despite the fact that pesticides are used to control pests and diseases. Yet pesticide residues are left in fruits and vegetables which can pose potential health risks to the consumers. Therefore, need of continuous pesticide residue monitoring is highly recommended.
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Surya Utami Dewi, I. G. A., I. Gede Mahardika, and Made Antara. "RESIDU PESTISIDA GOLONGAN ORGANOFOSFAT KOMODITAS BUAH CABAI MERAH (Capsicum annuum L.) PADA BERBAGAI LAMA PENYIMPANAN." ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 11, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2017.v11.i01.p06.

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PESTICIDES RESIDUAL OF ORGANOFOSPHATE CLASS OF RED CHILE (Capsicum annuum L.) ON VARIOUS STORAGE DURATIONIn order to control pests and diseases in red chili plants, farmers use pesticides was over as impact leaving residue in the chili. The purpose of this study was to determine type, dose and frequency of pesticides used by the farmers, as well as to determine the organophospate residual in chili on different storage times. This study was conducted in two phases namely survey to 10 respondent farmers in Baturiti district, Tabanan regency used questioner and treatment pilot study used different storage time from 0, 1 and 3 days samples took from Apuan Village, Baturiti, Tabanan. Class of organophosphate pesticide residue analysis conducted in Denpasar Branch Police Forensic Laboratory. The results showed dominant pesticides used was organophosphates profenofos (curacron) 60 % and klorpirifos (kaliandra) 20 %. Dose pesticides used was > 40 ml (> 4 bottle cover volume 10 ml) and > 40 gram (> 4 spoon) for tank volume 17 liter and also > 30 ml (> 3 bottle cover volume 10 ml) and > 30 gram (> 3 spoon) for tank volume 14 liter. Frequency of pesticides used by farmers on 1 plant season was 90 % more than 12 times and the other 10 % used frequency 10-12 times. Farmers do not comply dose and frequency with the pesticides used regulations. Analysis result showed that the treatment effect of different storage time is not real to organophosphate pesticide residues groupon red pepper. The average residues detected are indicating a trend with residue storage profenofos on day 0, 1 and day 3 for 1,20 mg/kg, 2,70 mg/kg and 1,37 mg/kg and the amount of chlorpyrifos residues on the storage day 0, day 1 and day 3 is 0,0027 mg/kg, 0,0039 mg/kg and 0,0021 mg/kg. Profenofos and chlorpyrifos residue content is still below the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) under the provisions of MRL profenofos on red pepper, which is 5 mg/kg and chlorpyrifos, which is 0,5 mg/kg.
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Nyarko, Samuel Kofi, Yaw Gyau Akyereko, Joseph Oppong Akowuah, and Faustina Dufie Wireko-Manu. "Comparative Studies on Grain Quality and Pesticide Residues in Maize Stored in Hermetic and Polypropylene Storage Bags." Agriculture 11, no. 8 (August 13, 2021): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080772.

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The conventional method of grain storage involving the use of polypropylene bags in conjunction with pesticides and hermetic bags are paramount in developing countries. However, there is limited information on grain quality and pesticide residue concentration of maize stored in such bags. This work determined grain quality and pesticide residue concentrations of maize stored in polypropylene and hermetic storage bags. Maize samples stored for a period of one year in polypropylene and hermetic bags were obtained from three major maize growing communities in the Ashanti region of Ghana and were analyzed for grain quality, aflatoxin content and pesticide residue concentration using standard methods. The amount of diseased, discolored, broken, insect-damaged, stained, germinated, shriveled, total defective, inorganic and organic matter of maize stored in hermetic bags was significantly lower than that of polypropylene. Levels of aflatoxin in maize stored in the polypropylene bags were significantly higher (13.9 ppb–20 ppb) than in maize stored in the hermetic bags (0.90 ppb–2.6 ppb). Out of 35 pesticides screened, only lambda-cyhalothrin was detected in polypropylene bags and deltamethrin in hermetic bags. The presence of these pesticide residues may be due to their long-lasting abilities. Levels of lambda-cyhalothrin residues were above the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.02 mg/kg, but have no significant effect on health. Deltamethrin residue concentrations in hermetically stored maize samples were below the MRL. In conclusion, maize grains stored in hermetic bags have higher grain quality and lower aflatoxin and pesticide residue concentrations than polypropylene bags. Education and promotion on the utilization of hermetic bags should be a priority in storing and supplying safe maize grains to consumers.
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Kai, Takamitsu, and Dinesh Adhikari. "Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizer Application on Apple Nutrient Content and Orchard Soil Condition." Agriculture 11, no. 4 (April 10, 2021): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040340.

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Apple cultivation in Japan typically involves the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides which can damage the environment. Therefore, in this study we investigated the orchard soil biochemical characteristics as well as the fruit nutrient contents, and pesticide residues of apples grown either organically (organic fertilizers + reduced pesticides) or with conventional chemical fertilizers and pesticide rates. Compared with conventional chemical fertilizer treatment, the organic fertilizer treatment produced fruit with significantly higher contents of sugar, as well as soil with higher total carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. There were also significantly greater soil bacterial biomass and N circulation in the organically fertilized treatments. Minimal pesticide residues were detected in the organically fertilized fruits, but in the apples cultivated with conventional rates of fertilizers and pesticides there were significantly higher levels of propargite that was used to control spider mites. These residue levels from the conventionally fertilized orchards exceeded European and Codex residue standards. These results indicate that environmentally friendly arboricultural soil management practices, such as organic fertilizer and reduced pesticide cultivation can enhance nutrient cycling in soil, reduce the burden on the environment, and promote food safety and security.
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Łozowicka, Bożena, Ewa Rutkowska, Magdalena Jankowska, Piotr Kaczyński, and Izabela Hrynko. "Health risk analysis of pesticide residues in berry fruit from north-eastern Poland." Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research 20, no. 1 (October 1, 2012): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10290-012-0007-7.

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ABSTRACT The first aim of this paper was to evaluate pesticide residue levels of berry fruit samples. The second aim was to analyze health risks associated with pesticide levels. The monitoring was conducted on samples from producers in north-eastern Poland, during the time period 2005-2010. In total, 241 samples of berry fruit were analyzed using validated and accredited multi residue methods. The studies included 7 commodities (125 strawberry, 59 black currant, 25 raspberry, 23 chokeberry, 7 red currant samples and one sample of elderberry and wild strawberry), and the analysis of 128 pesticides. Residues, mainly insecticides, were found in 47.7% of samples while 40.7% of samples contained pesticide residues below MRLs and 7% above MRLs. The pesticides were found most often in red currant (100%) and black currant (63%) samples. The most frequently detected pesticides were fenazaquin and fenitrothion. Pesticide residues at levels exceeding legally binding MRLs occurred mostly in black currant samples (12 samples). Violations of the maximum residue limits (MRLs) (15 notifications) and use of a forbidden plant protection product (8 notifications) were found in twenty-three berry samples during the six-year study. For these cases, the RASFF system (rapid alert system for food and feed) procedures were initiated. The highest number of notifications was recorded in 2008 (11 notifications). Only one of the notifications was prepared for berry fruit from an integrated production system − black currant, the remaining were for conventional fruit. Among the RASFF notifications, 17 (74%) were for black currant samples.The estimated exposure to pesticide residues detected in the analyzed berry fruit samples was shown to be very low for the general population (adults) and for the critical population of small children. Acute and chronic exposure based on residue levels did not adversely affect consumer health.
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Dheer, Reema, and Surendra Swarnkar. "Pesticidal residue analysis and phytochemical screening in leaves and roots of Barleria prionitis Linn." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5 (September 12, 2018): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5.1908.

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In the present study emphasize on phytochemical screening in leaves and roots of Barleria prionitis Linn. The extract of plant materials total ash content, extractive value, water soluble ash, and loss on drying values were identified. Medicinal plant materials are liable to contain pesticide residues, which accumulate from agriculture practices, such as spraying, treatment of soils during cultivation and administration of fumigants during storage. It is therefore recommended that every sample of medicinal plants used for such type of studies should be analyzed for the pesticidal residues. Therefore in the present study parts of the herb used for their antidiabetic potential were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, which are persistent and remain in the food chain for longer periods. The samples of leaf and root of Barleria prionitis were ground coarsely and then preceded for the extraction procedure. The sample of extracts were analysed for residues of organochlorine pesticides by Gas Chromatography (GC). Analysis were carried out on a Schimadzu Model 2010 Gas Chromatograph (GC) equipped with 63 NI electron capture detector (ECD) and a capillary column HP ultra 2. The instrument was supported by Lab Solution software. The pesticide residues detected in them in the GC were within the limits. For phytochemical screening, the ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts obtained were prepared and subjected to various qualitative tests in order to reveal the presence or absence of common phytopharmaceuticals by using standard tests. Keywords: Phytochemical screening, Pesticidal residues, Barleria prionitis Gas Chromatography, Ash value, extractive value.
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Bursić, Vojislava, Gorica Vuković, Magdalena Cara, Marija Kostić, Tijana Stojanović, Aleksandra Petrović, Nikola Puvača, Dušan Marinković, and Bojan Konstantinović. "Plant Protection Products Residues Assessment in the Organic and Conventional Agricultural Production." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031075.

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The organic food is progressively enticing purchasers’ attention, as it is recognized to be better than the food produced by the conventional agriculture and more sustainable for the natural environment. Pesticides and their metabolites can enter the human body via food and water. In the food production, over 60 thousand chemical agents are applied, while 90% of the harmful substances are consumed. The organic production is based on the qualitative and healthy food using the natural resources in an ecologically sustainable way. The European Regulations set the maximum pesticide levels (MRLs) in the organic products, which are also regulated by The United States Department of Agriculture in their National program supported by The United States Environmental Protection Agency. It is imperative to bear in mind that in the products from the organic production, the multiple detections cannot be tolerated, i.e., that one product cannot contain more than two detected pesticide residues. In this paper, a multi-residue pesticide method has been developed to determine the pesticides in the agricultural products from the organic and conventional production. In this work, 60 pesticides were analyzed using a simple QuEChERS sample preparation procedure, followed by LC-MS/MS. The tomato, potato, apple, and carrot samples from the organic and conventional products were collected from the market and the pesticide residues assessment comparing the organic to the conventional was done.
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Sudarsono, Joko, Setyo Sri Rahardjo, and Kisrini Kisrini. "Organophosphate Pesticide Residue in Fruits and Vegetables." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 14, no. 2 (December 5, 2018): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v14i1.11889.

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The use of the pesticide which does not follow the procedure may potentially cause residue of pesticide to be left on vegetables and fruits sold in supermarkets and traditional markets. We aimed to find the pattern of pesticide usage and levels of residue found in plants. This study was an analytical observation with a cross-sectional design using detailed sampling procedure. We obtained the data of the pesticide residue concentration by conducting laboratory examinations on eight samples of cabbage and eight samples of tomatoes from traditional markets and supermarkets in the city of Solo. The data were tested using simple linear regression testing. The organophosphate measurement results showed no residues were detected, because it was below the Limit of Detection (LOD). We concluded that pesticides containing active substances were not used in the vegetables we tested or the active substances were no longer contained in the vegetables after harvesting.
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Sudarsono, Joko, Setyo Sri Rahardjo, and Kisrini Kisrini. "Organophosphate Pesticide Residue in Fruits and Vegetables." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 14, no. 2 (November 5, 2018): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v14i2.11889.

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The use of the pesticide which does not follow the procedure may potentially cause residue of pesticide to be left on vegetables and fruits sold in supermarkets and traditional markets. We aimed to find the pattern of pesticide usage and levels of residue found in plants. This study was an analytical observation with a cross-sectional design using detailed sampling procedure. We obtained the data of the pesticide residue concentration by conducting laboratory examinations on eight samples of cabbage and eight samples of tomatoes from traditional markets and supermarkets in the city of Solo. The data were tested using simple linear regression testing. The organophosphate measurement results showed no residues were detected, because it was below the Limit of Detection (LOD). We concluded that pesticides containing active substances were not used in the vegetables we tested or the active substances were no longer contained in the vegetables after harvesting.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pesticide residue in plant"

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Diggle, Rebecca. "Regulatory science and uncertainty in the risk assessment of pesticide residues." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11451/.

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In this thesis I examine how the scientific advisory system in England and Wales has responded to concerns about the risks of pesticide residues in food and demands for wider engagement in the formulation of advice. Specifically, I explore how the Advisory Committee on Pesticides (ACP) frames scientific uncertainties in risk assessment, and why some bodies outside and within government are critical of the ACP’s approach that is centred in the conventional single-chemical, high-dose-response paradigm of toxicology. Although some of these challenges date back to the early history of pesticide regulation in England and Wales, the emergence of scientific research employing different methods to assess the effects of chemical mixtures and chronic low-level exposure has stimulated new concerns about the risks posed by pesticide residues for human health. Using semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis, a key finding is that concerns about low-level exposure to chemical mixtures have been persistently bracketed in official advice as insufficient for changing current advice and regulation. Drawing from literature in science and technology studies, I account for this finding in three ways. First, it is perceived that change is unnecessary since established methods of pesticide risk assessment represent an exemplar for other domains. Secondly, evidence selection by the ACP and related committees is shaped by regulatory guidelines which aim to provide standardisation and quality assurance, but also constrain judgements about which risk assessment studies are considered admissible. Thirdly, fundamentally different notions are at play in terms of what constitutes legitimate expertise and who should embody it, leading to tensions within government as well as between the ACP and NGOs. These limit the impact of post-BSE attempts to make the role of scientific advice in policy-making more participatory and ‘evidence-based’, and the capacity to introduce new paradigms of chemical risk assessment in the pesticide advisory process.
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Trevisan, Marcos José. "Resíduos de carbosulfan e de seus metabólitos carbofuran e 3-hidroxi-carbofuran em frutos e folhas de laranjeira [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], determinados por cromatografia em fase gasosa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-12022003-144017/.

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Este estudo teve como principal objetivo avaliar o inseticida/acaricida carbamato carbosulfan e seus metabólitos carbofuran e 3-hidroxi-carbofuran, de modo a estudar este metabolismo em condições de campo, abrangendo a sua ocorrência como resíduos em frutos, cascas e suco, bem como o potencial de contaminação do agroecossistema (resíduos em folhas). A degradação/persistência desses resíduos nos substratos foi monitorada durante certo período de tempo de tomada de amostras, e comparada com o limite máximo de resíduo (LMR) e o intervalo de segurança, estabelecidos pela legislação Brasileira para frutos. O trabalho consistiu de dois experimentos: o Experimento 1, realizado no município de Cordeirópolis-SP com o cultivar Valência, e o Experimento 2 com o cultivar Pêra Rio, em São Pedro-SP, ambos com 4 tratamentos (3 repetições), que foram os seguintes: A - uma única aplicação na dosagem X = 50 mL p. c./100 L de água (10 g i. a./ 100 L de água) de Marshal 200 SC (recomendada na bula); B - uma única aplicação na dosagem 2X = 100 mL p. c./100 L de água (20 g i. a./ 100 L de água) de Marshal 200 SC; C - quatro aplicações na dosagem X(4x) = 50 mL p. c./100 L de água (10 g i. a./ 100 L de água) de Marshal 200 SC; D - Testemunha. O método analítico consistiu na extração dos resíduos com acetato de etila, limpeza dos extratos em cromatografia de permeação em gel (GPC), e determinação quantitativa em cromatógrafo de gás equipado com detector de nitrogênio - fósforo (NPD). As amostras de frutos e de folhas foram colhidas um dia antes da aplicação parcelada (-1 dia), e aos zero, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após. No Experimento 2, os frutos foram separados em casca e suco, com o propósito de se estudar a ocorrência de seus resíduos nestes substratos, e, desse modo a possibilidade de penetração na polpa (suco). Os limites de quantificação (LOQs), determinados por estudos de fortificação e recuperação, foram iguais para ambos os substratos (0,05 mg.kg -1 , ppm) (fruto e folha) e para os três analitos (carbosulfan, carbofuran e 3-hidroxi-carbofuran). Em ambos os experimentos, o metabolismo do carbosulfan em carbofuran foi em geral rápido, tanto no fruto como na folha, e mais lento deste para 3-hidroxi-carbofuran, sendo os resíduos nas folhas sempre maiores do que nos frutos. Para o fruto, no Experimento 1, os valores do LMR e do período de carência mostraram-se de acordo com a legislação vigente, com resíduos totais de carbosulfan (carbosulfan + carbofuran + 3-hidroxi-carbofuran) abaixo do LMR (0,05 mg.kg -1 ) ao cabo do intervalo de segurança (7 dias). No Experimento 2 os resultados permitiram a determinação dos valores de ½ vida para carbofuran de 9,4 e 3,0 dias, respectivamente para casca e folha, para o tratamento A (dosagem recomendada). A análise do suco revelou níveis inferiores ao LOQ (< 0,05 mg.kg -1) em todas as amostras de qualquer tratamento.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticide/acaricide carbamate carbosulfan and its metabolites carbofuran and 3-hydroxy-carbofuran, in order to study the metabolism in field conditions, including its occurrence as residues in fruits, peel and juice, as well as the potential for agroecosysten contamination (residues in leaves). The degradation/persistence of these residues in/on these substrates was monitored through of time of sample collecting, and comparing with the Maximum Residue Level (MRL) and the safety interval, established by the Brazilian legislation. This research consisted of two experiments: Experiment 1 was carried out in Cordeirópolis - SP County, using Valência variety, and Experiment 2 with Pêra Rio variety, in São Pedro - SP County, both with four treatments (3 repetitions): A - only one application of dosage X = 50 mL c. p./100 L of water (10 g a. i./100 L of water) of Marshal 200 CS (recommended dosage); B - only one application of dosage 2X = 100 mL c. p./100 L of water (20 g a. i./100 L of water) of Marshal 200 CS; C - four applications of dosage X(4x) = 50 mL c. p./100 L of water (10 g a. i./100 L of water) of Marshal 200 CS; D - control. The analytical method consisted in a extraction of residues with ethyl acetate, clean-up of extracts in gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and quantitative determination in gas chromatography equipped with nitrogen and phosphorus detector (NPD). Fruit and leaf samples were collected one day before the treatment (-1 day) and zero, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the combined application. In Experiment 2, fruits were separated in peel and juice, with the purpose of studying the occurrence of residues in these substrates, and the possibility of their penetration in the pulp (juice). The limits of quantification (LOQs) determinated by studies of fortification and recovery, were equal to both substrates (0,05 mg.kg -1, ppm) (fruit and leaf) and to the three analyts (carbosulfan, carbofuran and 3-hydroxy-carbofuran). In both experiments, the metabolism of carbosulfan to carbofuran was in general quick, in fruit as well in leaf, and slower to 3-hydroxy-carbofuran, being the residues in leaves always higher than in fruits. In Experiment 1, MRL and safety interval values were according to the legislation, with carbosulfan total residues (carbosulfan + carbofuran + 3-hydroxy-carbofuran) lower than the MRL (0,05 mg.kg -1 ) at the end of the safety interval (7 days). In Experiment 2, the results showed carbofuran half-lives values of 9,4 and 3,0 days, respectively to peel and leaf, to the treatment A (recommended dosage). The analysis of juice showed levels below LOQ (< 0,05 mg.kg -1 ) in all samples and treatments.
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Cerri, Fabiana. "Validação de metodologia para análise de procimidona em morango e determinação de seus resíduos na fruta \"in natura\" e produtos processados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-15122008-145419/.

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O morango utilizado pela indústria alimentícia tem seu sabor e aroma bastante valorizados e apreciados, quando comparado com outras frutas. Entretanto, é um produto muito delicado e altamente perecível, exigindo, assim, o uso de técnicas adequadas de colheita e pós-colheita. Para manter sua qualidade e quantidade de produção, observa-se um aumento do uso de agrotóxicos para minimizar prejuízos causados por pragas e doenças do campo. Porém, os pesticidas podem deixar resíduos persistentes nos alimentos e o seu consumo in natura ou industrializado pode ficar comprometido, colocando em risco a saúde do consumidor. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a influência do processamento de morangos, como, minimamente processado, geléia e polpa frente aos resíduos do fungicida procimidona. Em experimento de campo foi aplicado o produto Sumilex 500 WP nos seguintes tratamentos: A testemunha (sem aplicação); B uma única aplicação de 300 g p.c. 100 L-1 água (150 g i.a. 100 L-1 água) e C 3 aplicações sucessivas de 300 g p.c. 100 L-1 água (150 g i.a. 100 L-1 água), com intervalos de 7 dias entre elas. As amostragens foram iniciadas no dia anterior a aplicação do tratamento B (-1 dia) e aos 0, 1, 3, 5, 10 e 15 dias, sendo amostrados frutos in natura, para posterior processamento, como minimamente processado, geléia e polpa. O método de análise consistiu na extração dos resíduos de procimidona com acetato de etila, limpeza do extrato (clean up) feita por cromatografia de exclusão por tamanho molecular de alta eficiência - GPC e determinação quantitativa feita por técnica de cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplado a detector de captura de elétrons - CG/ECD. O método analítico apresentou recuperação em torno de 85,5% com desvio padrão de 7% e limites de quantificação de 0,00076 mg.kg-1 e detecção de 0,00023 mg.kg-1. Os valores de procimidona encontrados em morango não excederam o LMR (3 mg.kg-1) estabelecido pela legislação brasileira, em qualquer um dos períodos de coleta das amostras. Nos tratamentos que receberam aplicações no campo (B e C) os níveis de procimidona decresceram no decorrer do tempo, tanto para o morango in natura como para os produtos processados de morango. Os valores de meia vida de degradação foram de 7-8 dias para ambos os tratamentos. Não houve redução significativa nos níveis de resíduos encontrados no morango in natura, assim como para os obtidos na polpa e minimamente processado. Porém, uma considerável degradação de procimidona foi observada no processo de cozimento, apresentado pela baixa concentração de resíduos na geléia. De maneira geral, a procimidona apresentou maiores níveis no morango in natura e menores na geléia de morango (produto final).
The strawberry used by the food industry has flavor and aroma very valued and appreciated when compared to the other fruits. However, it is a very delicate and highly perishable product, demanding, therefore, the use of appropriate techniques of harvesting and post-harvest. To keep quality and quantity of production, there is an increase of pesticides utilization in order to minimize damages caused by pests and field diseases on the field. However, the pesticides can leave persistent residues in the foods and their consumer fresh or industrialized may be impaired, putting the consumer health at risk. Thus, this work aimed to investigate the influence of the strawberries processing, as, minimally process, jam and pulp front of the waste of fungicide procymidone. In the field experiment, was applied the Sumilex 500 WP product according the treatments: A control (without application); B - a single application for 300 g c.p. 100 L-1 water (150 g a.i. 100 L-1 water) and C - 3 successive applications for 300 g c.p. 100 L-1 water (150 g a.i. 100 L-1 water), with intervals of 7 days between them. The sampling started in the previous day of the last treatment application B (- 1 day). Other sampling were carried through 0, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 days, and sampled fresh fruit, for further processing, such as minimally process, jam and pulp. The analysis method consisted in extraction with ethyl acetate, cleaning of the extract by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and quantitative determination by gas chromatograph with specific detector of electron capture (GC/ECD). The analytical method presented recovery around 85,5% with errors of 7% and the quantification limits of 0,000076 mg.kg-1 and detection limits of 0,00023 mg.kg-1. The procymidone values found in strawberry did not exceed the maximum residues limits (3 mg.kg-1) fixed by brazilian legislation, in any periods of harvest. In the treatments that received application on the field (B and C) the procymidone levels decreased in the course of the study, as fresh strawberry as for process product of strawberry. The half-life values of degradation were of 7-8 days to the both treatments. There was no significant reduction in the residue levels found in strawberry fresh, pulp and minimally process. But, a considerable degradation of procymidone was observed in the cooking process, showing by low residues concentrations in the jam. Overall, the procymidone showed higher residues in fresh strawberry and lower on strawberry jam (final product).
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Amajuoyi, Ifeanyi Kingsley. "Behavior and elimination of pesticide residues during supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of essential oils of spice plants and analysis of pesticides in high-lipid-content plant extracts." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963029177.

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Ahmad, Maqbool. "Pesticide residue analysis using supercritical fluid extraction." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320724.

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Haag, Jennie, and Anna Landahl. "Pesticide residues in cucumbers cultivated in Bangladesh." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-234741.

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Pesticides are widely used for preventing crop losses due to pest attack. In Bangladesh, the food safety and health of farmers are being compromised as a result of poor regulation concerning usage of pesticides in food production. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify pesticides applied on cucumber crops in Bangladesh. A method for extraction and clean-up was developed to allow the quantification of four pesticides by GC-ECD in vegetable samples, specifically cucumber. The accuracy of the method was validated using recovery and its precision by studying the standard deviation and relative standard deviation. Analysis of cucumber samples obtained in the field showed no traces of the target pesticides. The results indicate that different types of chemicals are used on the examined crops. It is also believed that the growth habit of cucumber may affect the exposure to pesticides. To overcome the health hazards, restrictions regarding the types and quantities of chemicals used on the fields need to be implemented. Further studies would benefit from being executed in a controlled environment, and monitoring of which substances that are applied at which amounts.
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Seeger, Bettina [Verfasser]. "Risk assessment of hormonally active pesticide residue mixtures / Bettina Seeger." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1107039568/34.

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Wei, Jin Chao. "Research on novel sample preparation and analytical methods for trace determination of the pesticides in traditional Chinese medicine." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953269.

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Trevizan, Luiz Roberto Pimentel. "Resíduos de acefato, de seu metobólito metamidofós e de clorotalonil em cultura protegida de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) e de campo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-18032003-165159/.

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O desenvolvimento da agricultura, a modernização dos meios da produção agrícola, buscando atender um mercado exigente em produtos de alta qualidade tem aumentado grandemente os cultivos conduzidos em condições de estufa. Tais culturas, demandam o uso de pesticidas para controle de problemas fitossanitários, cujos resíduos, principalmente em hortaliças e frutas, são motivo de preocupação com a saúde de consumidores e de operários que necessitam trabalhar nessas instalações. Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar resíduos dos inseticidas acefato, de seu metabólito metamidofós e do fungicida clorotalonil em um sistema de cultura de tomate de estufa, em comparação com cultura de campo, de modo a abranger: estudo do metabolismo de acefato a metamidofós; alteração da contaminação dos resíduos de acefato, metamidofós e de clorotalonil em alguns compartimentos do sistema protegido (fruto, folha e solo); e comparação entre os níveis residuais encontrados nos frutos de cultura de estufa com os limites máximos de resíduos (LMRs) e os intervalos de segurança estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira. Foram conduzidos um experimento de estufa (Piracicaba-SP) e outro de campo (Pereiras-SP), no período de maio-agosto/2002 (outono-inverno), em tudo, muito semelhantes um ao outro. Os tratamentos aplicados foram: a: testemunha; b: uma aplicação de 100 g de Orthene 750 BR (75 g i.a. acefato) + 400 mL de Dacostar 500 (200 g i.a. clorotalonil).100 L -1 de água; c: uma aplicação com o dobro das dosagens dos pesticidas do tratamento b; d: quatro aplicações na dosagem do tratamento b. As amostras foram tomadas nos dias -1, zero, 1, 3, 7, 14 e 21 dias após a última ou única aplicação. O método analítico constou da extração dos resíduos com acetato de etila, limpeza dos extratos por técnica de cromatografia de permeação em gel (GPC), com eluição procedida com uma mistura acetato de etila/ciclohexano. A determinação quantitativa foi feita por técnica de cromatografia em fase gasosa, usando-se detector fotométrico de chama (PFPD) para os resíduos de acefato e de metamidofós e detector de captura de elétrons (µ-ECD, Ni 63 ) para os de clorotalonil. Os limites de quantificação do método (LOQs) para os três pesticidas, em fruto e solo foi de 0,05 mg.kg -1 (ppm); em folhas foi de 0,5 mg.kg -1 (ppm). Foram realizadas 1.512 análises dos três analitos, sendo 252 amostras de cada um dos experimentos. Os resultados indicaram que os resíduos de acefato, metamidofós e de clorotalonil, nos frutos de estufa e de campo, sempre estiveram abaixo dos respectivos LMRs em todo o período de colheita das amostras, inclusive no intervalo de segurança. Mostraram também, que o metabolismo de acefato a metamidofós foi muito baixo nos frutos, particularmente importante nas folhas, mas não bem caracterizado no solo. Ainda, foi observado que os resíduos de acefato e de clorotalonil foram invariavelmente maiores na estufa do que no campo, especialmente em folhas e no solo, sendo, também, estáveis e persistentes, em geral até a amostragem de 7 dias. Particularmente os resíduos de clorotalonil foram os mais persistentes, sendo encontrados nas amostras de 28 dias em níveis significantes, especialmente no solo.
The development of agriculture, the modernization of means of agricultural production, the attempt to supply a demanding market for high quality produce has largely increased the crops carried out in greenhouse environment. Such crops demand the use of pesticides for the control the pest problems, which residues, mainly in fruit and vegetables, are reasons for worries about the health of consumers and workers that need to work in these installations. The objective of this study was to determine residues of the insecticide acephate, of its metabolite methamidophos and the fungicide chlorotalonil in a system of greenhouse tomato crop, in comparison to field crop, as to embrace: study of the metabolism of acephate to methamidophos; alteration of the contamination of residues of acephate, methamidophos and chlorotalonil in some compartments of the protected system (fruit, leaf and soil); and comparison between the residual levels found in the fruit of greenhouse crop with the maximum residue levels (MRL’s) and the safety intervals stablished by the Brazilian legislation. It was carried out a greenhouse experiment (Piracicaba-SP) and another in field conditions (Pereiras-SP), in the period of May-August/2002 (Autumn-Winter), on a whole very similar to each other. The treatments applied were: a: check; b: an application of 100 g of Orthene 750 BR (75 g a.i. acephate) + 400 mL of Dacostar 500 (200 g a.i. chlorotalonil).100 L -1 of water; c: an application with the double dosage of the pesticides applied as treatment b; d: four applications with the dosage of the pesticides applied as treatment b. The samples were taken on the days -1, zero, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 days after the last or only application. The analytical method included the residue extraction with ethyl acetate, clean-up of the extracts by gel permeation chromatography technique (GPC), with elution proceeded with a mixture of ethyl acetate/cyclohexane. The quantitative determination was done by gas chromatography technique, using flame photometric detector (PFPD) for the residues of acephate and of methamidophos, and electron capture detector (m-ECD, Ni 63 ) for the chlorotalonil. The limits of quantitation (LOQ’s) for the three pesticides, in fruit and soil was 0.05 mg.kg -1 (ppm); and in leaves 0.5 mg.kg -1 (ppm). There were performed 1512 analyses of the three analytis, being 252 samples from each one of the experiments. The results indicated that the residues of acephate, methamidophos and chlorotalonil, in greenhouse and field fruits, have always been below of their respective MRL's in the whole sample collecting period, including the safety intervals. It has shown as well, that the metabolism of acephate to metamidophos was much below in fruit, specially important in leaves, but not well characterized in the soil. It was still observed that the residues of acephate and chlorotalonil were invariable bigger in the greenhouse than in the field, specially in leaves as well as in soil, being also stable and persistent, in general, specially up to 7 day samples. Particularly, the residues of chlorotalonil were the most persistent, being found in the samples of 28 days in significant levels, specially in the soil.
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Gershater, Markus Christian. "Plant carboxylesterases involved in pesticide hydrolysis." Thesis, Durham University, 2006. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2934/.

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Many herbicides are applied in the form of carboxylic esters to increase their hydrophobicity and hence aid their passage through the waxy cuticle. Hydrolysis in planta of these pro-herbicide esters releases the active acid or alcohol and the rate of this cleavage can be a factor in determining herbicide selectivity. Protein extracts from 13 crop and weed species were assayed for carboxylesterase activity toward multiple xenobiotic and pesticide ester substrates, including 2,4-D-methyl, aryloxyphenoxypropionate esters and p-nitrophenyl esters. A diversity of activities was exhibited by the different species, with Arabidopsis thaliana extracts showing high hydrolytic activity toward several xenobiotic esters, particularly 2,4-D- methyl.The major 2,4-D-methyl hydrolysing enzyme in arabidopsis cell cultures was purified through three rounds of chromatography, then selectively labelled with a biotinylated fluorophosphonate probe (FP-biotin). Following streptavidin affinity purification, the labelled protein was identified by proteomics as the previously uncharacterised serine hydrolase AtCXE12. Recombinant AtCXE12 was subsequently confirmed to effectively hydrolyse 2,4-D-methyl.A T-DNA insertion knockout line that did not express AtCXE12 was identified and characterised. Protein from the knockout plants did not contain AtCXE12 and was found to have a reduced rate of 2,4-D-methyl hydrolysis compared to wild-type plant extracts. This translated into a higher tolerance of 2,4-D-methyl in young atcxel2 plants, due to a lower rate of bioactivation of the pro-herbicide.The fluorophosphonate-based chemical probe was subsequently used to identify other major serine hydrolases in arabidopsis. AtCXE12 and three previously uncharacterised hydrolases were identified, each belonging to a distinct enzyme family.
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Books on the topic "Pesticide residue in plant"

1

Taylor, John W. Pesticide residue sample collection. Atlanta, Ga: USDA Forest Service, Southern Region, 1988.

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Khan, Mohidus Samad, and Mohammad Shafiur Rahman, eds. Pesticide Residue in Foods. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52683-6.

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Sharma, K. K. Pesticide residue analysis manual. New Delhi: Directorate of Information and Publications of Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2007.

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Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG, ed. Manual of Pesticide Residue Analysis. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527607617.

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Thier, Hans-Peter. Manual of pesticide residue analysis. Weinheim: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, 1987.

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Research Coordination Meeting on Isotopic Tracer-Aided Studies of Unextractable or Bound Pesticide Residues in Soil, Plants and Food (3rd 1985 March 25-29 Gainesville, Fla.). Quantification, nature and bioavailability of bound 14C-Pesticide residues in soil, plants and food: Proceedings of the final Research Co-ordination Meeting on Isotopic Tracer-Aided Studies of Unextractable or Bound Pesticide Residues in Soil. Plants and food. Vienna: IAEA, 1986.

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Final Research Co-ordination Meeting on Isotopic Tracer-Aided Studies of Unextractable or Bound Pesticide Residues in Soil, Plants, and Food (1985 Gainesville, Fla.). Quantification, nature, and bioavailability of bound ¹⁴C-pesticide residues in soil, plants, and food: Proceedings of the Final Research Co-ordination Meeting on Isotopic Tracer-Aided Studies of Unextractable or Bound Pesticide Residues in Soil, Plants, and Food. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 1986.

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California. Legislature. Assembly. Office of Research. The Invisible diet: Gaps in California's pesticide residue detection program. Sacramento, CA: The Office, 1988.

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Åkerblom, Malin. Pesticide residue analysis with special reference to ion pairing techniques. Uppsala: National Laboratory for Agricultural Chemistry, 1990.

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Schierow, Linda-Jo. Pesticide residue regulation: Analysis of Food Quality Protection Act implementation. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pesticide residue in plant"

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Gholipour, Yousef, Rosa Erra-Balsells, and Hiroshi Nonami. "Nanoparticles Applied to Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics and Pesticide Residue Analysis." In Nanotechnology and Plant Sciences, 289–303. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14502-0_14.

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Unnisa, Syeda Azeem. "Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Vegetables of Telangana State." In Plant and Human Health, Volume 2, 417–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03344-6_18.

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Tiu, Carmen. "Pesticide Residues in Food: A Never-Ending Challenge." In Plant Diseases and Food Security in the 21st Century, 251–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57899-2_12.

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Kirubakaran, Rangasamy, Athiappan Murugan, Nowsheen Shameem, and Javid A. Parray. "Pesticide Residues in the Soil Cause Cross-Resistance Among Soil Bacteria." In Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Sustainable Stress Management, 205–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6536-2_11.

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Young, David, Robert Ozretich, Henry Lee, Scott Echols, and John Frazier. "Persistence of DDT Residues and Dieldrin off a Pesticide Processing Plant in San Francisco Bay, California." In ACS Symposium Series, 204–17. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2001-0772.ch015.

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Sundari, S. Krishna, Anil Prakash, Pratibha Yadav, and Archana Kumari. "Plant Growth-Promoting Microbes as Front-Runners for On-site Remediation of Organophosphate Pesticide Residues in Agriculture Soils." In Microorganisms for Sustainability, 249–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9664-0_11.

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Debnath, Mrittika, and Mohidus Samad Khan. "Health Concerns of Pesticides." In Pesticide Residue in Foods, 103–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52683-6_6.

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Khan, Mohidus Samad, and Mohammad Shafiur Rahman. "Introduction." In Pesticide Residue in Foods, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52683-6_1.

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Suresh Reddy, B. "Prospects of Organic Farming." In Pesticide Residue in Foods, 167–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52683-6_10.

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Deadman, Michael L. "Sources of Pesticide Residues in Food: Toxicity, Exposure, and Risk Associated with Use at the Farm Level." In Pesticide Residue in Foods, 7–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52683-6_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pesticide residue in plant"

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"Determınatıon of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Plant, Sediment, Soil and Water of Kizilirmak Delta in Central Black Sea Regıon." In International Conference on Latest Trends in Food, Biological & Ecological Sciences. International Academy of Arts, Science & Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/iaast.a1015046.

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Zavtoni, Pantelimon, and Ion Zavtoni. "Activitatea biologica a tulpinilor autohtone de Bacillus Thuringiensis in combaterea gândacului din colorado." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.25.

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Entomopathogenic bacterial biopreparations have an important role in controlling harmful insects in agriculture, giving the possibility not to use dangerous pesticides and environmental pollution to minimize soil degradation; beneficial bacteria turn plant residues into organic fertilizers. In the control, the development of larvae increased from 109 to 221 larvae. And in the variant Bacillus thuringiensis 107 before processing there were 141, 6 larvae and after processing it dropped to 80, 6 larvae.
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Chen, Shih-Yu, Yuan-Hsun Liao, Wei-Sheng Lo, Horng-Yuh Guo, Ching-Hua Kao, Tau-Meu Chou, Chia-Hisen Wen, et al. "Pesticide residue detection by hyperspectral imaging sensors." In 2015 7th Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/whispers.2015.8075466.

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Liao, Yuan-Hsun, Wei-Sheng Lo, Horng-Yuh Guo, Ching-Hua Kao, Tau-Meu Chou, Junne-Jih Chen, Chia-Hsien Wen, et al. "Pesticide residue quantification analysis by hyperspectral imaging sensors." In SPIE Sensing Technology + Applications, edited by Bormin Huang, Chein-I. Chang, Chulhee Lee, Yunsong Li, and Qian Du. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2176800.

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Drumea, V., L. Olariu, and RA Nita. "The behavior of some pesticide residues in stored medicinal plants samples." In GA 2017 – Book of Abstracts. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608508.

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Chen, Jing, Jia-ming Rui, and Xiao-rong Liu. "Analysis of Tea pesticide residue standards and testing methods." In 2016 6th International Conference on Machinery, Materials, Environment, Biotechnology and Computer. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mmebc-16.2016.183.

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He, Zhiqin, Yufang Huang, Xianglei Liu, Xiangping Chen, Leicheng Bai, and Li Liu. "Rapid detection system for pesticide residue based on embedded technology." In 2016 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2016.7531589.

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Mohite, Jayantrao, Yogita Karale, Srinivasu Pappula, Ahammed Shabeer T. P., S. D. Sawant, and Sandip Hingmire. "Detection of pesticide (Cyantraniliprole) residue on grapes using hyperspectral sensing." In SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging, edited by Moon S. Kim, Kuanglin Chao, Bryan A. Chin, and Byoung-Kwan Cho. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2261797.

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Simeon, Fagnon Mahougnon, Araujo Coralie, Leguay Clara, Hurtaud Johann, and Kerros Sylvain. "Pesticide Residues in Botanics Used In Feed Additives: Focusing On Wild vs. Cultivable Plants." In The 4th World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/iceptp19.130.

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Hubal, E. Cohen, J. Suggs, N. Tulve, and M. Nishioka. "178. Characterizing Pesticide Residue Transfer Efficiencies Using Fluorescent Tracer Imaging Techniques." In AIHce 2002. AIHA, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2766099.

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Reports on the topic "Pesticide residue in plant"

1

Appel, M. J., J. G. J. Mol, S. Meijboom, S. Zebeda, and M. H. Vingerhoeds. Plant-based diets: what are the differences with traditional Dutch diets? : Analysis of pesticide residues in plant-based products. Wageningen: Wageningen Food Safety Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/534074.

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Adams, B. M., H. T. Banks, J. E. Banks, and J. D. Stark. Population Dynamics Models in Plant-Insect Herbivore-Pesticide Interactions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada444007.

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Martella, L. L., R. H. Guyer, W. C. Leak, and R. L. Thomas. Production-scale plutonium-neptunium separation and residue recovery at Rocky Flats Plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6179690.

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Klüche, M., P. Bikker, H. J. van Egmond, Y. Hoffmans, and J. G. J. Mol. Potential presence of pesticide residues in feed, requiring single residue methods (SRM) : Probability of exceedance of EU legal residue limits in feed materials imported from non-EU countries, due to differences in legislation between the EU and third countries. Wageningen: Wageningen Food Safety Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/520267.

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Cantrell, Kirk J., Terry L. Liikala, Dennis L. Strenge, and Randal Y. Taira. Decision Document for the Storm Water Outfalls/Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant, Pesticide Rinse Area, Old Fire Fighting Training Pit, Illicit PCB Dump Site, and the Battery Acid Pit Fort Lewis, Washington. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/781074.

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Cantrell, Kirk J., Terry L. Liikala, Dennis L. Strenge, and Randal Y. Taira. Decision Document for the Storm Water Outfalls/Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant, Pesticide Rinse Area, Old Fire Fighting Training Pit, Illicit PCB Dump Site, and the Battery Acid Pit Fort Lewis, Washington. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/965191.

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An assessment of radiolytic gas generation: Impacts from Rocky Flats Plant residue elimination alternatives. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10179101.

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Implementing Agri-policies on Pesticide Reduction through Subsidies and Plant Clinics in China - CABI Working Paper 13 (English). CABI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicomm-62-8118.

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Implementing Agri-policies on Pesticide Reduction through Subsidies and Plant Clinics in China - CABI Working Paper 13 (Chinese). CABI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicomm-62-8119.

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