Journal articles: 'Pesticide residues in feeds'

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Lovell, Randall A., Daniel G. McChesney, and William D. Price. "Organohalogen and Organophosphorus Pesticides in Mixed Feed Rations: Findings from FDA’s Domestic Surveillance During Fiscal Years 1989-1994." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 79, no. 2 (March 1, 1996): 544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/79.2.544.

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Abstract During Fiscal Years 1989–1994, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) collected and analyzed 545 domestic surveillance samples of mixed feed rations (172 for cattle, 125 for poultry, 83 for swine, 61 for pets, 56 for fish, and 48 miscellaneous).All samples were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography for organohalogen and organophosphorus pesticides. Of the 545 samples, 88 (16.1%) did not contain detectable pesticide residues. In the 457 samples with detectable pesticide levels, 804 residues (654 quantitable and 150 trace) were found. None of these 804 residues exceeded regulatory guidance. Malathion, chlorpyrifos-methyl, diazinon, chlorpyri fos, and pirimiphos-methyl were the most commonly detectedpesticides. These 5 organophosphorus pesticides accounted for 93.4% of all pesticide residues detected (malathion, 52.9%; chlorpyrifos-methyl,25.2%; diazinon, 7.7%; chlor pyrifos, 4.9%; and pirimiphos-methyl, 2.7%).Their median values in samples containing quantitable levels ranged from 0.014 to 0.098 ppm. The most commonly detected organohalogen compounds were methoxychlor, DDE, PCB, dieldrin, pentachlo- ronitrobenzene, and lindane. These 6 compounds combined accounted foronly 4.1 % of all residues detected. FDA is continuing its pesticide surveillance of feeds tohelpensure animal safety and prevent violative residues in food derived from animals.

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Reed, Donald V., Pasquale Lombardo, John R. Wessel, Jerry A. Burke, and Bernadette Mcmahon. "The FDA Pesticides Monitoring Program." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 70, no. 3 (May 1, 1987): 591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/70.3.591.

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Abstract The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) carries out an extensive program to monitor foods for pesticide residues. The 2 main objectives of the program are to enforce tolerances established by the Environmental Protection Agency for pesticide residues on foods and feeds and to determine the incidence and level of pesticide residues in the food supply. Because of the wide diversity of pesticide/ commodity combinations encountered, FDA uses a number of different approaches to achieve effective consumer protection. The components of the FDA Pesticides Monitoring Program and the strategy used in its development are described.

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Maybury, Ronald B. "Codex Alimentarius Approach to Pesticide Residue Standards." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 3 (May 1, 1989): 538–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.3.538.

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Abstract To protect consumers' health, most countries have maximum legal limits for pesticide residues in foods. Trade difficulties can arise when limits differ between countries. The Codex Alimentarius Commission was established in 1962 to implement the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, the purpose of which is to protect consumer health and ensure fair practices in international food trade. The Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues (CCPR), an intergovernmental body which advises the Commission on matters related to pesticide residues, is responsible for establishing maximum residue limits (MRLs) for pesticides in foods and feeds that move in international trade. Codex MRLs are based on residue data obtained mainly from supervised trials that reflect approved pesticide use in accordance with "good agricultural practice." MRLs must be toxicologically acceptable in terms of estimated pesticide intake by consumers. CCPR Working Groups examine problems related to establishing and implementing MRLs, including sampling and methods of analysis. Despite time and effort expended, acceptance and application of Codex MRLs face many problems in international trade.

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MacLachlan, D. J., and R. Bhula. "Estimating the residue transfer of pesticides in animal feedstuffs to livestock tissues, milk and eggs: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 5 (2008): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07196.

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The through chain approach to livestock production places increased emphasis on on-farm management systems for addressing pesticide residues. The current risk management paradigm assumes the user of animal feeds has the ability to assess, or at least profile, risks to trade in animal commodities associated with feeding livestock material containing residues of pesticides. The paper details some approaches that may be used by livestock producers, focusing on simple calculations, and summarises available information needed as inputs. Calculated factors for the transfer of pesticides from feed to animal commodities (transfer factors) are summarised for about 150 pesticides.

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Minyard, James P., W. Edward Roberts, and William Y. Cobb. "State Programs for Pesticide Residues in Foods." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 3 (May 1, 1989): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.3.525.

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Abstract Two U.S. data collection and dissemination programs, FEEDCON and FOODCONTAM, are described. FEEDCON provides information on contamination levels in animal feeds of toxic chemical residues (pesticides, industrial chemicals, heavy metals, mycotoxins, natural plant toxins, salmonella, and therapeutic drug cross-contaminations). FEEDCON data are collected from approximately 40 state feed regulatory agencies, feed manufacturers, and related groups who subscribe ($100-$200 per year) to the program, which is sponsored by the Association of American Feed Control Officials. FOODCONTAM provides similar information, but is limited to pesticides, heavy metals and industrial chemicals (polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyls, etc.) in human foods. Both programs have been developed and initiated under U.S. Food and Drug Administration contracts with the Mississippi State Chemical Laboratory. Program structures of both are outlined conceptually, and FOODCONTAM is described in detail. FOODCONTAM data-sharing program development is essentially complete, but expansion by incorporating FDA data with State Laboratory data is nearing reality.

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Noble, A. "The relation between organochlorine residues in animal feeds and residues in tissues, milk and eggs: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 1 (1990): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900145.

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Tolerance levels for organochlorine pesticide in stockfeed have been set by legislation in Queensland. The purpose of this review was to derive accumulation ratios from trials which have involved feeding organochlorine pesticides to cattle, poultry and pigs. These ratios can be used with the maximum residue limits already established for food products from these animals to calculate maximum permissibleresidue levels in feed. It was concluded that the levels for aldrin and dieldrin should be reduced from 0.05 to 0.01 nig/kg and that a level for benzene hexachloride, other than the y isomer, of 0.01 mg/kg be included. In all other cases where information was available the levels set by legislation are already below those calculated from trial results.

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Wanwimolruk, Sompon, Kamonrat Phopin, Somchai Boonpangrak, and Virapong Prachayasittikul. "Food safety in Thailand 4: comparison of pesticide residues found in three commonly consumed vegetables purchased from local markets and supermarkets in Thailand." PeerJ 4 (September 1, 2016): e2432. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2432.

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BackgroundThe wide use of pesticides raises concerns on the health risks associated with pesticide exposure. For developing countries, like Thailand, pesticide monitoring program (in vegetables and fruits) and also the maximum residue limits (MRL) regulation have not been entirely implemented. The MRL is a product limit, not a safety limit. The MRL is the maximum concentration of a pesticide residue (expressed as mg/kg) recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission to be legally permitted in or on food commodities and animal feeds (Codex Alimentarius Commission, 2015; European Commission, 2015). MRLs are based on supervised residue trial data where the pesticide has been applied in accordance with GAP (Good Agricultural Practice). This study aims at providing comparison data on pesticide residues found in three commonly consumed vegetables (Chinese kale, pakchoi and morning glory) purchased from some local markets and supermarkets in Thailand.MethodsThese vegetables were randomly bought from local markets and supermarkets. Then they were analyzed for the content of 28 pesticides by using GC-MS/MS.ResultsTypes of pesticides detected in the samples either from local markets or supermarkets were similar. The incidence of detected pesticides was 100% (local markets) and 99% (supermarkets) for the Chinese kale; 98% (local markets) and 100% (supermarkets) for the pakchoi; and 99% (local markets) and 97% (supermarkets) for the morning glory samples. The pesticides were detected exceeding their MRL at a rate of 48% (local markets) and 35% (supermarkets) for the Chinese kale; 71% (local markets) and 55% (supermarkets) for the pakchoi, and 42% (local markets) and 49% (supermarkets) for the morning glory.DiscussionThese rates are much higher than those seen in developed countries. It should be noted that these findings were assessed on basis of using criteria (such as MRL) obtained from developed countries. Our findings were also confined to these vegetables sold in a few central provinces of Thailand and did not reflect for the whole country as sample sizes were small. Risk assessment due to consuming these pesticide contaminated vegetables, still remains to be evaluated. However, remarkably high incidence rates of detected pesticides give warning to the Thai authorities to implement proper regulations on pesticide monitoring program. Similar incidence of pesticide contamination found in the vegetables bought from local markets and supermarkets raises question regarding the quality of organic vegetables domestically sold in Thailand. This conclusion excludes Thai export quality vegetables and fruits routinely monitored for pesticide contamination before exporting.

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Luke, Milton A., Herbert T. Masumoto, Thomas Cairns, and Harvey K. Hundley. "Levels and Incidences of Pesticide Residues in Various Foods and Animal Feeds Analyzed by the Luke Multiresidue Methodology for Fiscal Years 1982-1986." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 71, no. 2 (March 1, 1988): 415–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/71.2.415.

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Abstract During a 5 year period from 1982 to 1986, the FDA Los Angeles District Laboratory analyzed 19 851 samples of domestic and imported food and feed commodities for pesticide residues. A single, rapid, multiresidue method was used. The resultant data have been compiled showing the commodities sampled and the identity and range of levels of pesticide residues detected, including an indication of those residue findings that did not comply with U.S. federal tolerance levels. The residue data presented should not be viewed as being representative of the U.S. food supply; rather, the results are indicative of a surveillance- and compliance-oriented sampling of various food shipments collected by the Los Angeles District.

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Łozowicka, Bożena, Ewa Rutkowska, Magdalena Jankowska, Piotr Kaczyński, and Izabela Hrynko. "Health risk analysis of pesticide residues in berry fruit from north-eastern Poland." Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research 20, no. 1 (October 1, 2012): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10290-012-0007-7.

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ABSTRACT The first aim of this paper was to evaluate pesticide residue levels of berry fruit samples. The second aim was to analyze health risks associated with pesticide levels. The monitoring was conducted on samples from producers in north-eastern Poland, during the time period 2005-2010. In total, 241 samples of berry fruit were analyzed using validated and accredited multi residue methods. The studies included 7 commodities (125 strawberry, 59 black currant, 25 raspberry, 23 chokeberry, 7 red currant samples and one sample of elderberry and wild strawberry), and the analysis of 128 pesticides. Residues, mainly insecticides, were found in 47.7% of samples while 40.7% of samples contained pesticide residues below MRLs and 7% above MRLs. The pesticides were found most often in red currant (100%) and black currant (63%) samples. The most frequently detected pesticides were fenazaquin and fenitrothion. Pesticide residues at levels exceeding legally binding MRLs occurred mostly in black currant samples (12 samples). Violations of the maximum residue limits (MRLs) (15 notifications) and use of a forbidden plant protection product (8 notifications) were found in twenty-three berry samples during the six-year study. For these cases, the RASFF system (rapid alert system for food and feed) procedures were initiated. The highest number of notifications was recorded in 2008 (11 notifications). Only one of the notifications was prepared for berry fruit from an integrated production system − black currant, the remaining were for conventional fruit. Among the RASFF notifications, 17 (74%) were for black currant samples.The estimated exposure to pesticide residues detected in the analyzed berry fruit samples was shown to be very low for the general population (adults) and for the critical population of small children. Acute and chronic exposure based on residue levels did not adversely affect consumer health.

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Smith, David J. "4 Agrochemical Residues, Product Quality, and Safety of Beef Fed Cotton Ginning and Other Byproduct Feeds." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (November 1, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.047.

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Abstract Most commodity crops undergo milling, husking, ginning or other processing procedures before use as human food or fiber. Byproduct nutrient density varies with the type of grain or oil seed processed and use typically varies with nutrient needs of specific production situations. Drought or high grain prices may increase the use of byproducts; regionally available, low-cost ingredients such as cotton ginning byproduct may be used extensively by beef producers to replace forage. Doubt associated with the use of such byproducts is not typically related to nutritional value but with uncertainties about the presence of residual pesticides, herbicides, or harvest-aid chemicals. Potential chemical residues in consumer products and the concomitant financial and reputational losses borne by the industry provide an impetus for concern. Negative experiences with contaminated Australian beef established a long-lived suspicion of “cotton trash” that continues to impact the industry today. The purpose of this review is to discuss sources, amounts, and risks of chemical residues associated with byproduct feeds used in the southern United States with cotton ginning byproducts as a major focus. The use patterns of specific crop protection and harvest-aid chemicals will be discussed in context with chemical tolerances established by the U.S. EPA. In addition, U.S. pesticide monitoring programs in beef will be discussed. Although data describing the transmission of chemical residues from byproduct feeds into beef products are limited, the available data suggest some best practices could be adopted to mitigate concerns and minimize possible agrochemical residue contamination of beef.

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Kim, Jin Kuk, Ho Jin Kim, Myeong Sil Jeong, Choong Ryeol Kim, Min Hee Jeong, Mi Jin Lee, Hye Min Kang, Jae Wheon Lee, and Hyejin Park. "Analytical Method Validation and Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Animal Feeds." Korean Journal of Pesticide Science 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2016.20.3.247.

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Friedle, Carolin, Klaus Wallner, Peter Rosenkranz, Dieter Martens, and Walter Vetter. "Pesticide residues in daily bee pollen samples (April–July) from an intensive agricultural region in Southern Germany." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 18 (January 11, 2021): 22789–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12318-2.

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AbstractInsect-pollinated plants are essential for honey bees to feed their brood. In agricultural landscapes, honey bees and other pollinators are often exposed to pesticides used for cultivation. In order to gain more insight into the fluctuation of pesticide loads, 102 daily pollen samples were collected between April and July 2018 in a fruit-growing area in Southern Germany. Samples were analyzed with respect to more than 260 pesticides using a multi-residue pesticide analysis method. Almost 90% of the analyzed pollen samples featured between one and thirteen different pesticides. In total, 29 pesticides were detected at maximum concentrations of up to 4500 ng/g pollen. Maximum residual concentrations of most pesticides were observed during April and the first half of May, as well as during the second half of June. In most cases, serial data of pesticide residuals were detected for approximately 10 subsequent days with two or three maximum values, which were several folds higher than concentrations on the days before and thereafter. The pollen hazard quotient (PHQ) was calculated to estimate the risk of the detected pesticides to honey bees and wild pollinators.

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Torreti, L., A. Simonella, A. Falgiani, C. Filipponi, and F. Gramenzi. "Rapid determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in feeds by capillary gas chromatography." Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10, no. 9 (September 1987): 510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100906.

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Fehringer, Norbert V., and Stephen M. Walters. "Evaluation of Capillary Gas Chromatography for Pesticide and Industrial Chemical Residue Analysis. II. Comparison of Quantitative Results Obtained on Capillary and Packed Columns." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.1.90.

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Abstract Results of pesticide and industrial chemical residue determinations, using both capillary and packed column gas chromatography (GC), in 3 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) laboratories have been compiled and compared. Samples consisted of food products collected for routine residue screening by the respective laboratories. Extracts were prepared by conventional multiresidue methodology. Capillary column systems and operating conditions were selected at the discretion of each laboratory and were therefore variable, although split/splitless injectors in the split mode were used with prescribed precautions in all cases. Packed column systems were operated as specified in the FDA Pesticide Analytical Manual (PAM). Overall correlation between the 2 systems, expressed as the average ratio of packed column result to capillary column result, was 0.99 for 120 determinations in 41 samples. The higher resolving power of the capillary systems allowed quantitation of several residues that were incompletely separated and therefore unquantifiable using the packed columns. Capillary column GC with the split injection technique, used with appropriate precautions, was found to be both reliable and advantageous for regulatory determination of pesticide and industrial chemical residues in foods and feeds.

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Park, H., H. J. Kim, M. S. Jeong, C. R. Kim, E. S. Choe, Y. S. Youn, J. K. Kim, and J. H. Lee. "0596 Monitoring of pesticide residues in animal feeds from the republic of Korea." Journal of Animal Science 94, suppl_5 (October 1, 2016): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jam2016-0596.

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Hundley,, Harvey K., Thomas Cairns, Milton A. Luke, and Herbert T. Masumoto. "Pesticide Residue Findings by the Luke Method in Domestic and Imported Foods and Animal Feeds for Fiscal Years 1982-1986." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 71, no. 5 (September 1, 1988): 875–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/71.5.875.

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Abstract Nearly 20 000 samples of food and feed commodities were analyzed for pesticide residues by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Los Angeles District Laboratory during the 5-year study period 1981- 1986. The resultant data base has been summarized to provide separate residue information for domestic and imported samples. The overall violation rates for domestic and imported samples collected on a surveillance basis were 3.0 and 2.6%, respectively. For domestic and imported samples collected on a compliance basis, the overall violation rates were 19.7 and 17.5%, respectively.

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Nag, Subir Kumar, and Mukesh K. Raikwar. "Persistent organochlorine pesticide residues in animal feed." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 174, no. 1-4 (May 5, 2010): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1460-1.

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Ardiwinata, Asep Nugraha, Lin Nuriah Ginoga, Eman Sulaeman, and Elisabeth Srihayu Harsanti. "Pesticide Residue Monitoring on Agriculture in Indonesia." Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan 12, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jsdl.v12n2.2018.133-144.

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Abstract. Most agricultural producers use pesticides to prevent pests and increase yield and quality of the food they grow. Pesticides can damage people’s health, and lead to birth defects (teratogenic in character) and death in humans and animals. Many of these chemical residues, especially derivatives of organochlorine pesticides, demonstrate dangerous bioaccumulation levels in the body and environment. The problems caused by organochlorine residues (lindan, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor and DDT) on agricultural lands that are still found today are generally the consequence of past usage that dates back to the1960s. Research on pesticide residues in Indonesia was carried out several years ago by various research institutes and universities and some of these results were collected between 1985 and 2017. Data distribution of the results on pesticide residues include in Aceh, North Sumatra, West Sumatra, Jambi, Bengkulu, Lampung, Banten, Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, East Java, Yogyakarta, Bali, South Kalimantan, North Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Gorontalo, Maluku, and Papua. Most of the pesticide residue research has been conducted on vegetables. Pesticide residues were found in various commodities and matrices such as rice, soybeans, cow's milk, chicken eggs, fruit ingredients, vegetables, soil, paddy water, river water, lake water, pond water, sea water, water birds, animal feed, fish, frogs, lamb, birds, eggs, tea, and honey. Pesticide residues found were insecticide (organochlorine, organophosphate, carbamate, pyrethroid), and fungicide (dimethomorp, fenobucarb, propineb, benomyl, carbendazim and thiametoxam). Organochlorine insecticides have been banned, but the residues are still found today. This is due to the nature of organochlorines which have high persistence properties. Even though insecticide residues (organophosphate, carbamate, pirethroid) found in food commodities are still below the maximum residual limit (MRL), namely SNI 7313: 2008, but some close to MRL. Particularly for organochlorine residues in soil, water and plants insecticides must be monitored because they are persistent, toxic and accumulative. This paper aims to review of pesticide residues in various products including food, and the potential impact of pesticide residues on human health. Abstrak. Sebagian besar produsen pertanian menggunakan pestisida untuk mencegah hama dan meningkatkan hasil dan kualitas makanan yang mereka tanam. Pestisida dapat merusak kesehatan manusia, dan bersifat teratogenik dan mematikan pada manusia dan hewan. Banyak dari residu kimia ini, terutama turunan pestisida organoklorin, menunjukkan tingkat bioakumulasi yang berbahaya dalam tubuh manusia dan lingkungan. Masalah tersebut disebabkan oleh residu organoklorin (lindan, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor dan DDT) yang digunakan sejak tahun 1960-an. Penelitian tentang residu pestisida di Indonesia dilakukan beberapa tahun yang lalu oleh berbagai lembaga penelitian dan universitas yang dikumpulkan antara tahun 1985 dan 2017. Distribusi data hasil residu pestisida tersebar di Aceh, Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Barat, Jambi, Bengkulu, Lampung, Banten, Jakarta, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Yogyakarta, Bali, Kalimantan Selatan, Sulawesi Utara dan Selatan, Gorontalo, Maluku, dan Papua. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan menemukan residu pestisida tidak hanya ditemukan di berbagai komoditas pertanian seperti beras, kedelai, susu sapi, telur ayam, bahan buah, sayuran tetapi juga pada tanah, sawah, air sungai, air danau, air kolam, air laut, burung air, pakan ternak, ikan, katak, domba, telur burung, teh, dan madu. Residu pestisida yang banyak ditemukan di lapangan adalah insektisida (organoklorin, organofosfat, karbamat, piretroid), dan fungisida (dimethomorp, fenobucarb, propineb, benomyl, carbendazim dan thiametoxam). Insektisida golongan organoklorin telah dilarang penggunaannya, namun residunya masih ditemukan hingga kini. Hal ini dikarenakan sifat organoklorin yang memiliki sifat persistensi yang tinggi. Residu insektisida (organofosfat, karbamat, piretroid) yang ditemukan di dalam komoditas pangan secara umum masih di bawah batas maksimum residu (BMR) yang mengacu pada standar nasional, yaitu SNI 7313: 2008, namun beberapa residu insektisida telah mendekati BMR. Khusus untuk residu insektisida golongan organoklorin di dalam tanah, air dan tanaman harus dipantau karena sifatnya yang persisten, beracun, dan akumulatif. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji residu pestisida dalam berbagai produk termasuk makanan, dan dampak potensial residu pestisida pada kesehatan manusia.

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Kovač, Marija, Mateja Bulaić, Jasna Jakovljević, Ante Nevistić, Tomislav Rot, Tihomir Kovač, Ivana Dodlek Šarkanj, and Bojan Šarkanj. "Mycotoxins, Pesticide Residues, and Heavy Metals Analysis of Croatian Cereals." Microorganisms 9, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020216.

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Cereals are still one of the most important food and feed sources, thus determining cereal’s safety, i.e., compliance with legislation, is extremely important. As systematic investigations of nowadays unavoidable secondary fungal metabolites and other common legally regulated contaminants occurrence in Croatian cereals are still lacking, this research aims to monitor the contamination levels of nation-wide crops by mycotoxins, pesticide residues, and heavy metals by employing UHPLC-MS/MS, GC-MS/MS, and atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) validated analytical methods. The most common secondary fungal metabolites were found to be Fusarium mycotoxins, with DON being the most occurring present in 73.7% of the samples. At least one pesticide residue was found in 331.8% of the samples, and Hg and Cd were the most occurring heavy metals. A total of 8.5% of the samples was non-compliant to the European Union (EU) legislation for food regarding the found mycotoxins concentrations, 4.5% regarding pesticide residues and none regarding heavy metals. The unusual presence of certain pesticide residue and heavy metal indicates the importance of systematic control of the contaminant presence, in order to gather enough occurrence data for proper risk assessment that these contaminants represent for the consumer’s health.

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Hill, A. R. C., and S. L. Reynolds. "Guidelines for in-house validation of analytical methods for pesticide residues in food and animal feeds†‡." Analyst 124, no. 6 (1999): 953–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a900603f.

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Badawy, Mohamed E. I., and Ahmed F. El-Aswad. "Bioactive Paper Sensor Based on the Acetylcholinesterase for the Rapid Detection of Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/536823.

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In many countries, people are becoming more concerned about pesticide residues which are present in or on food and feed products. For this reason, several methods have been developed to monitor the pesticide residue levels in food samples. In this study, a bioactive paper-based sensor was developed for detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors including organophosphate and carbamate pesticides. Based on the Ellman colorimetric assay, the assay strip is composed of a paper support (1×10 cm), onto which a biopolymer chitosan gel immobilized in crosslinking by glutaraldehyde with AChE and 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic) acid (DTNB) and uses acetylthiocholine iodide (ATChI) as an outside reagent. The assay protocol involves introducing the sample to sensing zone via dipping of a pesticide-containing solution. Following an incubation period, the paper is placed into ATChI solution to initiate enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis of the substrate, causing a yellow color change. The absence or decrease of the yellow color indicates the levels of the AChE inhibitors. The biosensor is able to detect organophosphate and carbamate pesticides with good detection limits (methomyl=6.16×10-4 mM andprofenofos=0.27 mM) and rapid response times (~5 min). The results show that the paper-based biosensor is rapid, sensitive, inexpensive, portable, disposable, and easy-to-use.

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Key, Pauline E., Alan L. Patey, Simon Rowling, Anne Wilbourn, and Fiona M. Worner. "International Proficiency Testing of Analytical Laboratories for Foods and Feeds from 1990 to 1996: The Experiences of the United Kingdom Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 80, no. 4 (July 1, 1997): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/80.4.895.

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Abstract The Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme (FAPAS) organized by a Secretariat of the UK Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food has checked the proficiency of analytical laboratories for foods and feeds from 1990 to 1996. FAPAS was started for UK laboratories but was expanded worldwide at the request of analysts in other countries who did not have a home-based scheme. Thirteen thousand homogeneity-checked test materials were issued, covering a very wide range of analytes, including pesticides, toxins, veterinary drug residues, trace and nutritional elements, food colors, preservatives, sweeteners, alcohol congeners, fatty acids, nitrate, and proximate analysis. Participants returned 85% of requested data, and 47 000 z- score proficiency assessments were made, of which 81% were satisfactory. Evidence is presented of improvements in overall analytical ability with increased participation in proficiency testing in the areas of proximate analysis; organochlorine pesticide analysis; and lead, mercury, and acesul- fame-K analyses. Little improvement was shown in other analytical areas such as calcium analysis. Overall accuracies for analysis of specific pesticides and specific trace elements in the circulated test materials were compared.

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Fagnani, Rafael, Vanerli Beloti, Ana Paula P. Battaglini, Karen da S. Dunga, and Ronaldo Tamanini. "Organophosphorus and carbamates residues in milk and feedstuff supplied to dairy cattle." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31, no. 7 (July 2011): 598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2011000700009.

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Considering acute and chronic toxicity effects on human and animal health caused by pesticide residues in food, this study aimed to analyze organophosphorate (OP) and carbamate (CB) in feedstuff and water destined for dairy cattle, as well as in the milk produced by these animals, through gas chromatography (GC). In the Agreste region of Pernambuco, Brazil, 30 raw milk samples and all components of the animals' diet were collected from several farms. Out of the 30 milk of milk analyzed, six (20%) were contaminated with OP, five (16.7%) with CB, and one sample with both pesticides. From 48 analyzed feed samples, 15 (31.25%) were contaminated with residues of OP, six (12.50%) with CB, and one sample was contaminated with both pesticides. Out of 16 water samples analyzed, six (37.50%) were contaminated with OP residues, but non with CB. In four dairy farms the pesticides detected in milk were compatible with the active principles found in water and/or foodstuff, suggesting them to be the source of contamination.

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Lehotay, Steven J., Katerina Mastovska, Alan R. Lightfield, and Robert A. Gates. "Multi-Analyst, Multi-Matrix Performance of the QuEChERS Approach for Pesticide Residues in Foods and Feeds Using HPLC/MS/MS Analysis with Different Calibration Techniques." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 93, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/93.2.355.

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Abstract Three different calibration approaches were applied in HPLC/MS/MS using electrospray ionization for the determination of 14 diverse pesticide residues at different levels in a variety of food matrixes. This study was conducted as part of a 4 day training course for 17 chemists to learn the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) approach to pesticide residue analysis in foods. The analysts were divided into four different teams for the analysis of 12 different matrixes (strawberries, plums, carrots, green peppers, milk, molasses, alfalfa oats, corn silage, dry pet food, soybean, almonds, and foliage). The acetate-buffered QuEChERS protocol gave excellent results in the spiked samples for all matrixes tested. The HPLC/MS/MS calibration techniques consisted of external standardization in solvent solutions, matrix-matching, and the echo-peak technique. Peak areas were normalized to an internal standard in all three approaches. Matrix effects were observed with the corn silage, carrot, and foliage extracts, but they were minimal or nonexistent in the other matrixes. Matrix-matching best compensated for matrix effects, but has logistical difficulties in real-world application and required extra sample preparation compared to the other approaches. The echo-peak technique reduced matrix effects but did not eliminate them.

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Roussev, Manol, Steven J. Lehotay, and Julius Pollaehne. "Cryogenic Sample Processing with Liquid Nitrogen for Effective and Efficient Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Foods and Feeds." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 67, no. 33 (August 2019): 9203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04006.

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Gil, Geun-Hwan, Jin-Bae Kim, Chan-Sub Kim, Gyeong-Ae Son, Hye-Yeong Gwon, Jea-Eup Park, and Kyu-Seung Lee. "Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Rice Straw for Livestock Feed." Korean Journal of Pesticide Science 16, no. 4 (December 31, 2012): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2012.16.4.273.

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Ober, Alfonso G., Inés Santa María, and Jaime D. Carmi. "Organochlorine pesticide residues in animal feed by cyclic steam distillation." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 38, no. 3 (March 1987): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01606606.

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Kartalović, Brankica, Željko Mihaljev, Nadežda Prica, Sandra Jakšić, Milica Živkov Baloš, and Miroslav Ćirković. "METHOD VALIDATION FOR DETERMINATION OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD AND FEED." Archives of Veterinary Medicine 8, no. 1 (March 8, 2016): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v8i1.105.

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Validation of analytical methods ensures the reliability and accuracy of analytical results. To get a reliable result we performed a validation ofthe method taking into account all factors that may aff ect of the result. In this paper we optimized QuEChERS method for food and feed sample preparation as well as instrumental method using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and we obtained a method for successful determination of pesticides with calibration through the matrix. In this way, applying calibration through matrix, we satisfi ed the requirements for precision and reproducibility of the method being less than 20%, the accuracy rate in the range of 70-130% and method linearity throughout the range of interest.

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Baranov, Yu, V. Demchenko, Ie Zajets, and S. Olszewski. "Herbicides from the group of nitrodiphenyl ethers: applications in Ukraine, control methods, methods for determination of oxifluorphene residues in soybean grain and oil." Zurnal Hromatograficnogo tovaristva 20, no. 66 (February 18, 2021): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/zht2020.66.015.

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A review of analytical methods for the determination of herbicide residues from the group of nitrodiphenyl ethers in the environment and agricultural products, developed and validated a method for oxyfluorfen determination in soybean grain and oil method GC/ECD, which meets regulatory requirements and solves the problem of toxicant control in the above matrices. The developed method uses modern methods of sample preparation, identification and quantification of oxyfluorfen (selective extraction, capillary gas-liquid chromatography (GC/ECD GC/MS). The method is validated according to EU requirements) (SANTE/12682/2019 quality control and analytical validation procedures for pesticide residues analysis in food and feed). Key words: gas-liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, herbicides, nitrodiphenyl ethers, control, residual amounts.

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Singh, Arpana, S. K. Nag, and Sultan Singh. "Occurrence of Organophosphate and Synthetic Pyrethroid Pesticide Residues in Animal Feed-An Assessment." Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology 20, no. 1 (2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-181x.2020.00002.5.

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Çetinkaya, Nurcan. "Organik Hayvansal Üretim ve Mikotoksinler." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 3 (March 19, 2018): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i3.299-303.1686.

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Organic animal production; is a form of production without using any chemical inputs from production to consumption. In organic livestock production; organic breeding, feedstuff and animal nutrition conditions are stated in the Regulation on the Principles and Implementation of Organic Agriculture. Organic animal products must be prevented from recontamination. There are three different contamination hazards; biological (mold-toxins and pathogenic micro-organisms), chemical (pesticide residues), and physical (broken metal or glass, etc.). Molding and mycotoxin formation in organic feeds is one of the most important problems since they adversly affect animal health and toxines pass through the products. Since any chemical method cannot be applied to the organic feedstuffs especially in the struggle with mycotoxin in organic animal production, this should be considered in the measures to be taken and in the systems to be applied and the system should be planned to include organic agriculture. Countries that have established HACCP and ISO 22000 food safety management systems are able to avoid the problem of mycotoxin pollution in organic animal foods. The establishment of the feed safety system based on HACCP principles and its application in production have been made compulsory by Feed Hygiene Regulation issued in Turkey since 2011. In this review, the relationship between organic animal production and mycotoxin, and the precautions to be taken are discussed.

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Mahugija, J. A. M., P. E. Chibura, and E. H. J. Lugwisha. "Occurrence of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in poultry feeds, raw and cooked eggs from selected farms in Ilala and Kibaha Districts, Tanzania." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 22, no. 2 (March 7, 2018): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v22i2.6.

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Karaulna, V. M., L. V. Ezerkovska, and I. D. Prymak. "Influence of the seasonal and compositional changes on 4,4-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) contamination in cows milk." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 6 (December 28, 2020): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_278.

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The article presents the results of investigations on the determination of the content of organochlorine pesticides and DDT in the milk samples obtained in some settlements (village Movchanivka, Leninske, Mali Lisivtsi, Velikopolovetskye, and Pustovarivka), Skvirsky district, Kyiv oblast. The analysis of fat and protein content in milk in the winter and summer periods of the year. We registered that in the winter period with an increase of fat content in the milk, the concentration of DDT and its derivatives also increases. The content of organochlorine compounds in cow's milk did not exceed the maximum permissible level. In case of prolonged inflow of pesticide residues with food products into the human organism or feed into the animal organism, toxic substances gradually accumulate in them and have a negative influence on different functional systems of organisms, causing disturbances in their work. Purification from harmful substances is carried out by metabolic conversion of toxicants into more mobile in tissues compounds that can be more easily removed from the body. The process of removal of harmful substances, including metabolites of pesticides from the body warm-blooded with biological fluids and fecal masses is very long, and its intensity is mostly due to the degree of toxic load of xenobiotics on a person or animal. An indicator of the degree and quality of toxic exposure of humans and domestic animals to pesticides that live in a particular agricultural region may be the levels of these pesticides in human and warm-blooded milk. However, the most convenient and affordable indicator of pesticide exposure to organisms may be found in cattle milk, primarily cow milk. The great advantage of this object of toxic load indication is the unlimited possibility of biomaterial selection and deficiency of volumes, necessary for sanitary and hygienic researches because herds of cattle are almost in every farm of different agricultural regions.

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Ionel, Ilie Lucian, Savu Constantin, Savu Ovidiu, and Militaru Manuella. "Correlations between the levels of pesticide residues in feed and muscles chickens and food safety." Journal of Biotechnology 208 (August 2015): S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.06.200.

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Chamberlain, Stephen J. "Determination of multi-pesticide residues in cereals, cereal products and animal feed using gel-permeation chromatography." Analyst 115, no. 9 (1990): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9901501161.

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Lehotay, Steven J., Leah S. Riter, and Manasi Saha. "Residues in Food and Feed Topic Area at the 13th IUPAC International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 63, no. 18 (February 16, 2015): 4393–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf5059599.

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Vicini, John L., William R. Reeves, John T. Swarthout, and Katherine A. Karberg. "Glyphosate in livestock: feed residues and animal health1." Journal of Animal Science 97, no. 11 (September 9, 2019): 4509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz295.

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Abstract Glyphosate is a nonselective systemic herbicide used in agriculture since 1974. It inhibits 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, an enzyme in the shikimate pathway present in cells of plants and some microorganisms but not human or other animal cells. Glyphosate-tolerant crops have been commercialized for more than 20 yr using a transgene from a resistant bacterial EPSP synthase that renders the crops insensitive to glyphosate. Much of the forage or grain from these crops are consumed by farm animals. Glyphosate protects crop yields, lowers the cost of feed production, and reduces CO2 emissions attributable to agriculture by reducing tillage and fuel usage. Despite these benefits and even though global regulatory agencies continue to reaffirm its safety, the public hears conflicting information about glyphosate's safety. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency determines for every agricultural chemical a maximum daily allowable human exposure (called the reference dose, RfD). The RfD is based on amounts that are 1/100th (for sensitive populations) to 1/1,000th (for children) the no observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) identified through a comprehensive battery of animal toxicology studies. Recent surveys for residues have indicated that amounts of glyphosate in food/feed are at or below established tolerances and actual intakes for humans or livestock are much lower than these conservative exposure limits. While the EPSP synthase of some bacteria is sensitive to glyphosate, in vivo or in vitro dynamic culture systems with mixed bacteria and media that resembles rumen digesta have not demonstrated an impact on microbial function from adding glyphosate. Moreover, one chemical characteristic of glyphosate cited as a reason for concern is that it is a tridentate chelating ligand for divalent and trivalent metals; however, other more potent chelators are ubiquitous in livestock diets, such as certain amino acids. Regulatory testing identifies potential hazards, but risks of these hazards need to be evaluated in the context of realistic exposures and conditions. Conclusions about safety should be based on empirical results within the limitations of model systems or experimental design. This review summarizes how pesticide residues, particularly glyphosate, in food and feed are quantified, and how their safety is determined by regulatory agencies to establish safe use levels.

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Zhao, Ling, Yuan-Hua Dong, and Hui Wang. "Residues of organochlorine pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in farm-raised livestock feeds and manures in Jiangsu, China." Science of The Total Environment 450-451 (April 2013): 348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.017.

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Mylovanov, Yevhen. "Health principles as one of the major factors affecting the development of organic agriculture in Ukraine." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 1(91) (January 1, 2019): 160–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2019.01.160.

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Taking into account some of the important parameters of human health, the study presents a comparative analysis of organic and conventional agricultural production, and highlights how organic management practices affect balanced food systems. It is pointed out that consumption of organic food can reduce the risk of developing allergies, overweight and obesity. Even though organic food products are much healthier to eat, there is still a need to provide more evidence why organic food is more beneficial. The author considers research experiments on animals and concludes that animal feed from organic and conventional agricultural production influences animals differently. It is noted that in organic agricultural production the use of synthetic pesticides is prohibited, whereas in conventional agricultural production pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables are the main source of chemicals affecting human health. The study reviews changes in the use of plant protection products by domestic farms and compares the intensity of pesticide consumption in Ukraine and other countries of the world in recent years. According to epidemiological studies, pesticides have an adverse effect on cognitive development of children and carcinogenic risks to public health. However, this data has not been used in official risk assessments for individual pesticides. It is also stressed that promoting organic agricultural production reduces the professional impact of pesticides on agricultural workers and rural residents. Particular attention is drawn to the issue of using antibiotics in conventional animal farming, which is considered to be one of the major factors explaining why people have developed resistance to antibiotics, as opposed to organic animal farming, where the use of antibiotics is very limited. The author claims that organic agricultural production has a number of documented and potential advantages for human health, and is therefore more likely to improve health outcomes. Based on the findings that production and consumption of organic food has a potential positive effect on people’s health, a number of recommendations are made concerning guidelines for further research that will contribute to promoting and maintaining human health, animal health, protecting the earth and environment.

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Solomon, Alla, Yurii Polievoda, and Mariana Bondar. "RESEARCH OF THE RAW MATERIAL BASE IN THE VINNITSA REGION." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 4(107) (December 20, 2019): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2019-4-6.

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The safety of milk and dairy products as a whole can be determined by a comprehensive indicator - animal health. Thus, in accordance with modern international requirements, the farm where raw milk is produced for the production of dairy products must: comply with the rules of hygiene and veterinary sanitation; meet the requirements of good manufacturing practice; carry out identification and registration of animals; ensure proper documentation on the receipt of feed, hygiene and sanitation of medicines; to monitor in the pre-fermer laboratory the quality and safety of milk; compulsory registration of feeds coming from animals because of the feed that can cause human health hazardous substances (hormones, antibiotics, etc.); record veterinary medicinal products used for the treatment of animals; to record the occurrence of those diseases in animals that threaten the safety of milk. EU standards require strict compliance with food safety and quality requirements. The country, which cannot keep track of all stages of production, is closed to the European market. The analysis of quality indicators of milk received for processing is made. It has been established that milk from households has low quality indicators. Higher- and first-grade milk comes from agricultural enterprises. Milk quality means its high hygienic performance, the content of a certain amount of protein, fat, vitamins, enzymes, hormones, mineral salts and other substances. It should not contain any neutralizing substances (antibiotics, soda, hydrogen peroxide). The content of heavy metals, pesticide residues should not exceed the maximum permissible level. Therefore, the safety of raw materials is a guarantee of the safety of finished products in the domestic market and its competitiveness in foreign markets.

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Reddy, M. Vijaya Bhaskara, and Y. Ravindra Reddy. "PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN ANIMAL FEED AND EFFECTS ON ANIMALS AND ITS PRODUCTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ENDOSULFAN." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda & Pharmacy 6, no. 3 (June 30, 2015): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.06372.

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Aulakh, Rabinder S., Jatinder Paul S. Gill, Jasbir S. Bedi, Jagdish K. Sharma, Balbir S. Joia, and Herbert W. Ockerman. "Organochlorine pesticide residues in poultry feed, chicken muscle and eggs at a poultry farm in Punjab, India." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 86, no. 5 (2006): 741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2407.

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Dreassi, E., A. Mancini, G. Corbini, M. Botta, F. Tarchi, and V. Francardi. "Bioaccumulation of deltamethrin, tebuconazole and chlormequat chloride in T. molitor larvae and risks associated with their human consumption." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 6, no. 5 (October 26, 2020): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2020.0007.

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Edible insects are generally reared on agricultural product-based diets. These feeding substrates may contain pesticides or toxins that are derived from field practices for plant growth and defence and that may represent a health risk to insect consumers. The present study investigated Tenebrio molitor capability to uptake from contaminated substrates three chemical compounds that are employed in agricultural practices: the insecticide deltamethrin (DELTA), the fungicide tebuconazole (TEB) and the plant growth regulator chlormequat chloride (CCC), all with different properties of lipophilicity and potentially harmful for human and animal health. Newly optimised and validated LC-MS/MS methods have been used for the quantification of pesticide residues in larvae samples. Analysis showed that DELTA and TEB are retained by larvae, even after 24 h of fasting, due to their lipophilicity. Larvae fasting period allowed the elimination of 47% of DELTA residues and 78% of TEB ones. Diversely, CCC, the most hydrophilic chemical compound, was completely eliminated after the fasting. The toxicity of pesticides to larvae has been also investigated. The highest mortality of T. molitor larvae (close to 50%) was recorded for the insecticide DELTA, at the dose of 20 mg/kg and for CCC (15%) at the concentration of 4 mg/kg. The safety of insects as food and feed represents an important section in the field of the control of food of animal origin and animal health. Nevertheless, to date, this aspect is not yet completely determined due to the lack of scientific data in this area. By assessing the accumulation rate of some chemicals in reared insects and by evaluating the toxic effects that chemicals may have on larvae, this study could contribute to filling this gap.

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Rahman, Matiur, Md Sazedul Hoque, Shuva Bhowmik, Shahnila Ferdousi, Meera Probha Kabiraz, and Martin L. van Brakel. "Monitoring of pesticide residues from fish feed, fish and vegetables in Bangladesh by GC-MS using the QuEChERS method." Heliyon 7, no. 3 (March 2021): e06390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06390.

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Kim, Leesun, Sujin Baek, Kyungae Son, Eunsun Kim, Hyun Ho Noh, Danbi Kim, Min-seok Oh, Byeong-chul Moon, and Jin-Ho Ro. "Optimization of a Simplified and Effective Analytical Method of Pesticide Residues in Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor Larvae) Combined with GC–MS/MS and LC–MS/MS." Molecules 25, no. 15 (July 31, 2020): 3518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153518.

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An effective analytical method was optimized for residues including chlorpyrifos–methyl, deltamethrin, fenoxanil, thiobencarb and fludioxonil in mealworms, the larval form of Tenebrio molitor. They are listed for pest control during wheat cultivation and can be found in wheat-bran feed for growing mealworms in South Korea. Analytes were extracted using acetonitrile and salt packet. Four clean-up methods ((1) MgSO4 + 25 mg PSA + 25 mg C18; (2) MgSO4 + 50 mg PSA + 50 mg C18; (3) EMR-lipidTM tube; and (4) 10 mL n-hexane) were investigated and the method (1) was selected due to its robustness. Low-temperature precipitation of fat and proteins improved the recoveries. Recoveries from the Method (1) were satisfying with 70–120% with <20% relative SD at a spiking level of 0.01 mg/kg. With the simultaneous sample preparation, fenoxanil, thiobencarb and fludioxonil were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and chlorpyrifos–methyl and deltamethrin by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). Quantification limits for LC–MS/MS and GC–MS/MS were 0.5 and 2.5 μg/L, respectively. No pesticides of interest were detected in 30 real samples collected across the nation. However, the data can be provided for establishing maximum residue limits for the pesticides in mealworms in response to the positive list system.

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Kobir, Md Alamgir, Latifa Akther, Imam Hasan, Md Ahosanul Haque Shahid, Ziaul Haque, and Mohammad Rabiul Karim. "Effects of Imidacloprid-Contaminated Feed Exposure on Hematological Parameters in Adult Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 7, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v7i3.51363.

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Blood parameters are an important index to assess the body homeostasis in mammals. Here, the effect of pesticide (imidacloprid) contaminated feed exposure on the haematological parameters of adult rabbits (n=15) was studied. Pesticides (Imidacloprid, Bildor® 0.5ml (100mg)/L water spray on vegetables and green grass) exposed feed fed to rabbits with wash (washed feed rabbit) or without a wash (not washed feed rabbit) in the once-daily morning for every alternative day up to 15 days. Control rabbits have received a standard diet (fresh vegetables and green grass). The blood cell analysis showed that the total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, and haemoglobin values were not changed significantly in pesticide exposed rabbit. For differential leukocyte count, the percentage of neutrophil and eosinophil was significantly decreased in the pesticide-exposed rabbit as compared to the control rabbit. The lymphocyte percentage was increased significantly in pesticide-exposed rabbits compared to control rabbits. Interestingly, the number of lymphocytes was significantly increased in not washed feed rabbits compared to wash feed rabbits. The results of the present study suggest that residue of agriculturally used pesticides may affect the body homeostasis of animals. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(3): 439-444, December 2020

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Makkar, Harinder P. S., and Philippe Ankers. "A need for generating sound quantitative data at national levels for feed-efficient animal production." Animal Production Science 54, no. 10 (2014): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14377.

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Increasing demand for livestock products will impose a huge demand on feed resources. Biophysical factors such as scarcity of land, soil and water, food–fuel–feed competition, ongoing global climate change and increasing competition for arable land and non-renewable resources such as fossil sources and minerals are challenging the sustainability of feed production systems. Efficient use of available feed resources is key to efficient animal production and food security. It is impossible to effectively manage a resource if its availability is not known. While Feed inventories or Feed assessments provide critical information on feed productive capacities and feed availability at a regional/country level, the sufficiency of the feed supply can only be gauged relative to demands for feeds. Essentially, this comparison between livestock requirements and feed supplies constitutes the Feed balance. In many countries Feed Balances are not usually available or accurate despite their strategic role for livestock development opportunities, for providing input data into country level food input-output analyses and for emergency prevention. Estimation of Feed Balance at a national level requires information on the amounts of feed resources available and their energy content, livestock population and herd structure. Likewise, reliable and harmonised herd structure data are also lacking. Information on what proportions of cereals being produced in a country that are diverted to feed production is critical for assessing food security situations in countries. In most situations these data are not available for most developing countries. Equally important is the information on the feeding systems i.e. how different feed resources are being fed to livestock. Assessment of environmental impacts of livestock and development of optimal feeding strategies rely on information about feeding systems and data on feed balance. Feed-use efficiency and decrease in release of environmental pollutants from livestock production systems hinges on feeding of balanced rations; and for their preparation, availability of reliable data on chemical composition and nutritional value of feed resources is a must. Also for reducing wastages, ensuring food safety through enhancing feed safety and promoting international trade, data on the presence of microbial contaminants including mycotoxins, heavy metals, antibiotic and pesticide residues must also be strengthened. Development of a National Feed Resource Information Systems linked to a Global Feed Resource Information Systems should be considered. Feed Inventories, Feed Balance, Feeding Systems, and Feed Quality including Feed Contaminants should be considered as integral components of an overall strategy or options that integrate technical (genetics, health and nutrition), policy and institutional interventions for using resources more efficiently to produce more food and feed. Both policy makers and animal feed and crop scientists have a role to play in making this possible.

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Wanniatie, Veronica. "Milk Quality from Organic Farm." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 27, no. 3 (February 23, 2018): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v27i3.1597.

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Nowdays, people prefer to consume safe and healthy food such as organic food and milk. Organic milk comes from organic farms applying sustainable environment and animal welfare. Consumers choose organic milk because it provides health benefits and comes from farm that applying animal welfare and green environment. Organic milk contains no pesticide residues, antibiotics and other contaminants. This paper describes the comparison of conventional and organic dairy farm and the quality of organic milk in terms of nutrition and contaminant. Organic farming that implements a production system for premium market with special requirements of production process and product quality, demands high management qualification. The difference between organic and conventional milk is the higher level of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) because of rich forage feed in an organic livestock raising system.

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Gómez-Pérez, María Luz, Roberto Romero-González, José Luis Martínez Vidal, and Antonia Garrido Frenich. "Analysis of veterinary drug and pesticide residues in animal feed by high-resolution mass spectrometry: comparison between time-of-flight and Orbitrap." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 32, no. 10 (March 18, 2015): 1637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2015.1023742.

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Rakitskii, Valerii N., Gleb V. Masaltsev, Tatiana E. Veshchemova, Elena G. Chhvirkija, and Konstantin B. Lokhin. "The influence of anilinopyrimidine and carbamate derivatives on the rat redox status." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 1 (February 12, 2021): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-1-66-72.

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Introduction. Oxidative stress can occur as the response to the toxic effects of pesticides. A study of the effect of two generic pesticides on the enzymes of the antioxidant defense system of warm-blooded animals was carried out within the framework of chronic food exposure. Material and Methods. 90 conventional male rats were kept in the vivarium of the Federal scientific center of hygiene named after F.F. Erisman for a year. Test objects including fungicide of the anilinopyrimidines class (compound A) and insecticide from of the carbamates class (compound B) were introduced into animal feed at doses of 0; 2; 20; 120 and 240 mg/kg body weight and 0; 2.5; 5 and 20 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Doses corresponded to the ranges found in the reports by the Joint Meeting of the FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues for the original compounds in chronic toxicity studies. The effect of the studied compounds on the general antioxidant status (the activity of enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPO), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT)) was assessed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Results. The test objects caused statistically significant changes in enzyme activity as early as at 3 months of the treatment, compared with animals of the concurrent negative control. For the compound A: a statistically significant dose-dependent increase in the activity of GR (Rho = 0.381, p = 0.017) and GAP (Rho = 0.355, p = 0.024), but not SOD and CAT, was recorded at 12 months. The compound B caused a statistically significant dose-dependent increase in SOD activity at 9 and 12 months (Rho = 0.491, p = 0.006; Rho = 0.506, p = 0.003) Conclusion. These observations indicate that compounds A and B could promote lipid peroxidation. Oxidative burst was registered in response to the influence of the compound B, which may have been caused by apoptosis of T-lymphocytes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pesticide residues in feeds'

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