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Journal articles on the topic 'Pesticides Environmental toxicology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Zendzian, Robert P. "Skin Penetration Method Suggested for Environmental Protection Agency Requirements." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 8, no. 5 (1989): 829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818909018041.

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The Environmental Protection Agency has circulated a protocol for examining the dermal absorption of pesticides in rats. This protocol will be considered as a guideline for determining the dermal absorption of pesticides. Approximately 40 pesticides have been evaluated with this protocol. Male rats are dosed dermally with labeled pesticide. Doses, in mg/cm2, are applied to the shaven skin of the back as the use product, diluted with water if necessary. The application site is protected with a nonocclusive device. Four rats per dose are exposed for 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 10, or 24 hrs. Samples collected

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2

Ye, Jing, Meirong Zhao, Lili Niu, and Weiping Liu. "Enantioselective Environmental Toxicology of Chiral Pesticides." Chemical Research in Toxicology 28, no. 3 (2015): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx500481n.

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3

Sengupta, Pallav, and Rajdeb Banerjee. "Environmental toxins." Human & Experimental Toxicology 33, no. 10 (2013): 1017–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327113515504.

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This review comprehensively summarizes the effects of more than 15 mostly used pesticides on male reproductive physiology, as recent experimental and epidemiological research have indicated their alarming impact on overall human health. Mechanisms have described that pesticide exposure damages spermatozoa, alter Sertoli or Leydig cell function, both in vitro and in vivo and thus affects semen quality. But, the literature suggests a need for more intricate research in those pesticides that are defined as mutagens or carcinogens and directly affect the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. This l

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4

RAGNARSDOTTIR, K. VALA. "Environmental fate and toxicology of organophosphate pesticides." Journal of the Geological Society 157, no. 4 (2000): 859–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs.157.4.859.

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5

Potthoff, Lorenz. "Environmental Fate of Pesticides." Toxicon 29, no. 3 (1991): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(91)90296-4.

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6

Giambò, Federica, Michele Teodoro, Chiara Costa, and Concettina Fenga. "Toxicology and Microbiota: How Do Pesticides Influence Gut Microbiota? A Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (2021): 5510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115510.

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In recent years, new targets have been included between the health outcomes induced by pesticide exposure. The gastrointestinal tract is a key physical and biological barrier and it represents a primary site of exposure to toxic agents. Recently, the intestinal microbiota has emerged as a notable factor regulating pesticides’ toxicity. However, the specific mechanisms related to this interaction are not well known. In this review, we discuss the influence of pesticide exposure on the gut microbiota, discussing the factors influencing gut microbial diversity, and we summarize the updated litera

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Winter, Carl K., and Josh M. Katz. "Dietary Exposure to Pesticide Residues from Commodities Alleged to Contain the Highest Contamination Levels." Journal of Toxicology 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/589674.

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Probabilistic techniques were used to characterize dietary exposure of consumers to pesticides found in twelve commodities implicated as having the greatest potential for pesticide residue contamination by a United States-based environmental advocacy group. Estimates of exposures were derived for the ten most frequently detected pesticide residues on each of the twelve commodities based upon residue findings from the United States Department of Agriculture's Pesticide Data Program. All pesticide exposure estimates were well below established chronic reference doses (RfDs). Only one of the 120

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8

Moriarty, F. "Pesticides: Food and environmental implications." Environmental Pollution 56, no. 2 (1989): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(89)90178-4.

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9

Werner, Inge, Anke Schneeweiss, Helmut Segner, and Marion Junghans. "Environmental Risk of Pesticides for Fish in Small- and Medium-Sized Streams of Switzerland." Toxics 9, no. 4 (2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9040079.

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This study assessed the acute and chronic risk of pesticides, singly and as mixtures, for fish using comprehensive chemical data of four monitoring studies conducted in small- and medium-sized streams of Switzerland between 2012 and 2018. Pesticides were ranked based on single substance risk quotients and relative contribution to mixture risk. Concentrations of the pyrethroid insecticides, λ-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin, and the fungicides, carbendazim and fenpropimorph, posed acute or chronic single substance risks. Risk quotients of eighteen additional pesticides were equal or

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Alengebawy, Ahmed, Sara Taha Abdelkhalek, Sundas Rana Qureshi, and Man-Qun Wang. "Heavy Metals and Pesticides Toxicity in Agricultural Soil and Plants: Ecological Risks and Human Health Implications." Toxics 9, no. 3 (2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9030042.

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Environmental problems have always received immense attention from scientists. Toxicants pollution is a critical environmental concern that has posed serious threats to human health and agricultural production. Heavy metals and pesticides are top of the list of environmental toxicants endangering nature. This review focuses on the toxic effect of heavy metals (cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)) and pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides) adversely influencing the agricultural ecosystem (plant and soil) and human health. Furthermore, heavy metals accumulation and

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11

Brucker, Natália, Charlene Menezes, Mariele Feiffer Charão, et al. "Bioassays to screen the toxicity in drinking water samples collected in Brazilian rural area." Toxicology Research 10, no. 4 (2021): 856–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfab072.

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Abstract Agriculture activities have increased the concentration of pesticides and metals in the environment. The excessive use of pesticides can generate an environmental impact and contribute to the development of human diseases. This study aimed to determine the presence of pesticides and metals in water samples collected in the Brazilian rural area in two different periods (before and after pesticide application) and to evaluate the alternative bioassays Lactuca sativa, Allium cepa, and Caenorhabditis elegans to monitoring toxicity in human drinking water samples. Eight sites in the rural

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12

Tudi, Muyesaier, Huada Daniel Ruan, Li Wang, et al. "Agriculture Development, Pesticide Application and Its Impact on the Environment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (2021): 1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031112.

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Pesticides are indispensable in agricultural production. They have been used by farmers to control weeds and insects, and their remarkable increases in agricultural products have been reported. The increase in the world’s population in the 20th century could not have been possible without a parallel increase in food production. About one-third of agricultural products are produced depending on the application of pesticides. Without the use of pesticides, there would be a 78% loss of fruit production, a 54% loss of vegetable production, and a 32% loss of cereal production. Therefore, pesticides

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13

Berenbaum, May R., and Ling-Hsiu Liao. "Honey Bees and Environmental Stress: Toxicologic Pathology of a Superorganism." Toxicologic Pathology 47, no. 8 (2019): 1076–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623319877154.

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As a eusocial species, Apis mellifera, the European honey bee, is effectively a superorganism—a group of genetically related individuals functioning as a collective unit. Because the unit of selection is the colony and not the individual, standard methods for assessing toxicologic pathology can miss colony-level responses to stress. For over a decade, US populations of honeybees have experienced severe annual losses attributed to a variety of environmental stressors varying temporally and geographically; differentiating among those stressors is accordingly a high priority. Social interactions

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Stephenson, Gerald R., Ian G. Ferris, Patrick T. Holland, and Monica Nordberg. "Glossary of terms relating to pesticides (IUPAC Recommendations 2006)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no. 11 (2006): 2075–154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200678112075.

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The glossary contains definitions of more than 500 terms frequently used in relation to the chemistry, mode of action, regulation, and use of pesticides. A wide range of disciplines is involved in this field, and the glossary was developed as a step in facilitating communication among researchers, government regulatory authorities, and chemists in associated professional areas. The range of terms relates to pesticide residue analysis, sampling for analysis, good laboratory practice, metabolism, environmental fate, effects on ecosystems, computer simulation models, toxicology, and risk assessme

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15

Burns, Carol J., and Daland R. Juberg. "Cancer and occupational exposure to pesticides: an umbrella review." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 94, no. 5 (2021): 945–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-020-01638-y.

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Abstract Purpose The aim was to identify the scope of the epidemiology literature reviewed regarding the risk of cancer as related to occupational exposure to pesticides and to compare regulatory toxicity results where feasible. Methods Review studies of breast, lung, prostate, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and colorectal cancer were identified from the published literature from 2010 to 2020 using a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria. Epidemiology observations were first assessed and then compared against carcinogenicity profiles derived from regulatory toxicology studies. Results Several active

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Mishra, Gauravi A. "The effect of tobacco consumption on blood cholinesterase levels among workers exposed to organophosphorus pesticides." Toxicology and Industrial Health 22, no. 9 (2006): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233706073418.

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This is a cross-sectional study of workers in the pesticide industry, engaged in the formulation and packaging of organophosphorus compounds. A detailed history was taken of all study participants. Investigations carried out were the measurement of haemoglobin levels and estimation of whole blood cholinesterase levels. The prevalence of tobacco consumption in the industry is 76.09%. The mean age of employees was 42.8 years and the mean duration of service was 16.6 years. The study concludes that tobacco consumption increases the risk of toxicity due to organophosphorus pesticides, as indicated

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17

Moses, Marion, Eric S. Johnson, W. Kent Anger, et al. "Environmental Equity and Pesticide Exposure." Toxicology and Industrial Health 9, no. 5 (1993): 913–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379300900512.

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Although people of color and low-income groups bear a disproportionate share of the health risks from exposure to pesticides, research attention has been meager, and data on acute and chronic health effects related to their toxic exposures are generally lacking. Increased resources are needed both to study this issue and to mitigate problems already identified. People of color should be a major research focus, with priority on long-term effects, particularly cancer, neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral effects, long-term neurological dysfunction, and reproductive outcome. Suitable population

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Baranska, M., L. Van Amelsvoort, S. Birindelli, et al. "Association of pesticide exposure, vaccination response, and interleukin-1 gene polymorphisms." Human & Experimental Toxicology 27, no. 9 (2008): 709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327108100002.

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We performed a cross-sectional study involving workers from four European countries in which exposure to pesticides and immune parameters were evaluated over a short period of time. The total study population consisted of 238 workers occupationally exposed to pesticides and 198 nonoccupationally exposed workers. The study showed that pesticide exposure at levels encountered by workers under different conditions in Europe did not affect the ability of the immune system to respond to vaccination. We could, however, identify individuals within the group of pesticide exposed workers who were genet

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Syafrudin, Muhammad, Risky Ayu Kristanti, Adhi Yuniarto, et al. "Pesticides in Drinking Water—A Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (2021): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020468.

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The ubiquitous problem of pesticide in aquatic environment are receiving worldwide concern as pesticide tends to accumulate in the body of the aquatic organism and sediment soil, posing health risks to the human. Many pesticide formulations had introduced due to the rapid growth in the global pesticide market result from the wide use of pesticides in agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. The occurrence of pesticides in the water body is derived by the runoff from the agricultural field and industrial wastewater. Soluble pesticides were carried away by water molecules especially during the

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20

Friedle, Carolin, Klaus Wallner, Peter Rosenkranz, Dieter Martens, and Walter Vetter. "Pesticide residues in daily bee pollen samples (April–July) from an intensive agricultural region in Southern Germany." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 18 (2021): 22789–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12318-2.

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AbstractInsect-pollinated plants are essential for honey bees to feed their brood. In agricultural landscapes, honey bees and other pollinators are often exposed to pesticides used for cultivation. In order to gain more insight into the fluctuation of pesticide loads, 102 daily pollen samples were collected between April and July 2018 in a fruit-growing area in Southern Germany. Samples were analyzed with respect to more than 260 pesticides using a multi-residue pesticide analysis method. Almost 90% of the analyzed pollen samples featured between one and thirteen different pesticides. In total

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Salem, Harry, and Eugene J. Olajos. "Review of Pesticides: Chemistry, Uses and Toxicology." Toxicology and Industrial Health 4, no. 3 (1988): 291–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378800400303.

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22

Chaud, Marco, Eliana B. Souto, Aleksandra Zielinska, et al. "Nanopesticides in Agriculture: Benefits and Challenge in Agricultural Productivity, Toxicological Risks to Human Health and Environment." Toxics 9, no. 6 (2021): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9060131.

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Nanopesticides are nanostructures with two to three dimensions between 1 to 200 nm, used to carry agrochemical ingredients (AcI). Because of their unique properties, the loading of AcI into nanoparticles offers benefits when compared to free pesticides. However, with the fast development of new engineered nanoparticles for pests’ control, a new type of environmental waste is being produced. This paper describes the nanopesticides sources, the harmful environmental and health effects arising from pesticide exposure. The potential ameliorative impact of nanoparticles on agricultural productivity

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23

Fucic, Aleksandra, Radu C. Duca, Karen S. Galea, et al. "Reproductive Health Risks Associated with Occupational and Environmental Exposure to Pesticides." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (2021): 6576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126576.

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A marked reduction in fertility and an increase in adverse reproductive outcomes during the last few decades have been associated with occupational and environmental chemical exposures. Exposure to different types of pesticides may increase the risks of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease, but also of reduced fertility and birth defects. Both occupational and environmental exposures to pesticides are important, as many are endocrine disruptors, which means that even very low-dose exposure levels may have measurable biological effects. The aim of this revie

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Mansour, Sameeh A. "Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Africa: Egyptian scenario." Human & Experimental Toxicology 28, no. 9 (2009): 531–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327109347048.

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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic (carbon-based) compounds that include synthesized substances (pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs]) and other by-product substances generated as a result of human and natural activity (dioxins and furans). Extensive scientific studies have shown that POPs are some of the most dangerous pollutants released into the environment by humans. Great efforts have been made since the early 1960s to enhance chemical management and safety issues. Various conventions have been adopted for this purpose: the Stockholm Convention (SC) is one of the

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Brock, John W., Lisa J. Melnyk, Samuel P. Caudill, Larry L. Needham, and Andrew E. Bond. "Serum Levels of Several Organochlorine Pesticides in Farmers Correspond With Dietary Exposure and Local Use History." Toxicology and Industrial Health 14, no. 1-2 (1998): 275–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379801400117.

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In response to reported increased cancer risks among farmers, the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) was designed to examine health outcomes and environmental exposures among farm families in the United States. In the pilot phase of the AHS, food, beverage, air, dermal, dust, surface wipe, and biological specimens (blood and urine) were collected and analyzed for six farm families in two states (IA and NC). In addition, questionnaires were administered to examine previous pesticide use. This paper reports the organochlorine pesticide results of the serum and dietary analyses as well as questionna

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Moebus, Susanne, and Wolfgang Boedeker. "Case Fatality as an Indicator for the Human Toxicity of Pesticides—A Systematic Scoping Review on the Availability and Variability of Severity Indicators of Pesticide Poisoning." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (2021): 8307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168307.

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Objective: To investigate if case fatality and other indicators of the severity of human pesticide poisonings can be used to prioritize pesticides of public health concern. To study the heterogeneity of data across countries, cause of poisonings, and treatment facilities. Methods: We searched literature databases as well as the internet for studies on case-fatality and severity scores of pesticide poisoning. Studies published between 1990 and 2014 providing information on active ingredients in pesticides or chemical groups of active ingredients were included. The variability of case-fatality-r

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Requena, Mar, Tesifón Parrón, Angela Navarro, et al. "Association between environmental exposure to pesticides and epilepsy." NeuroToxicology 68 (September 2018): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2018.07.002.

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Mattah, Memuna M., Precious A. D. Mattah, and Godfred Futagbi. "Pesticide Application among Farmers in the Catchment of Ashaiman Irrigation Scheme of Ghana: Health Implications." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/547272.

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Pesticide use in modern day agriculture has increased tremendously. Pesticides are used to control pests and weeds, as well as protect crops from postharvest losses; however, their effects on humans and the environment cannot be overstated. This study examined pesticide acquisition, handling, and use among 120 farmers within the catchment of a small urban irrigation scheme. Also, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted among selected farmers through which further data was collected to augment that of the survey. Twelve types of pesticides, including herbicides, insectici

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Kells, Alice M., and Keith R. Solomon. "Simulated leachability of pesticides from recycled pesticide-container plastics." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 14, no. 3 (1995): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620140305.

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FUSHIWAKI, YUICHI, TETSUO HAMAMURA, ATSUKO HASEGAWA, and KOHEI URANO. "Environmental Pollution by Pesticides from Golf Courses in Kanagawa Prefecture." Eisei kagaku 39, no. 6 (1993): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.39.6_543.

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Copplestone, John F. "Controversies over Pesticides: The Lessons for Public Health." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 3, no. 2 (1989): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053958900300213.

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Pesticides and their effects on the environment and human health have been subjects of many debates in recent years. Many factors have contributed to this, including developments in analytical techniques as well as the toxicology of the pesticides themselves. In many cases the discussions have not been purely scientific or confined to the scientific literature. Misunderstanding of statistical concepts-the basic principles of toxicology-have contributed to this situation. The most important adverse effects on humans have been acute accidental poisoning. There remains much room for improvement i

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Giambò, Federica, Gian Marco Leone, Giuseppe Gattuso, et al. "Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations Induced by Pesticide Exposure: Integrated Analysis of Gene Expression, microRNA Expression, and DNA Methylation Datasets." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (2021): 8697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168697.

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Environmental or occupational exposure to pesticides is considered one of the main risk factors for the development of various diseases. Behind the development of pesticide-associated pathologies, there are both genetic and epigenetic alterations, where these latter are mainly represented by the alteration in the expression levels of microRNAs and by the change in the methylation status of the DNA. At present, no studies have comprehensively evaluated the genetic and epigenetic alterations induced by pesticides; therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify modifications in gene miRN

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Freitas, LM, JFFS Paranaíba, APS Peréz, MRF Machado, and FC Lima. "Toxicity of pesticides in lizards." Human & Experimental Toxicology 39, no. 5 (2020): 596–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327119899980.

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Many threats exist to reptile populations, environmental pollutants being one of them. Lizards and other reptiles are usually not taken into consideration in environmental risk assessments, with the use of surrogate species for their estimates. Unfortunately, not all pesticides have the same effects in the reptile species and on these surrogates, birds and mammals, some being more toxic in lizards. This difference brings the need to evaluate their toxicity in lizards to safeguard its protection. Studies in the last decades involving contaminants’ toxicity in lizard species have increased, thus

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Galani, Yamdeu Joseph Hubert, Michael Houbraken, Abukari Wumbei, et al. "Contamination of Foods from Cameroon with Residues of 20 Halogenated Pesticides, and Health Risk of Adult Human Dietary Exposure." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (2021): 5043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18095043.

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(1) Background: Halogenated pesticides are abundantly used in Cameroon, but there is no information on the health risk of consumers from exposure to their residues in foods. (2) Methods: Residues of 20 halogenated pesticides were determined in 11 agricultural products collected in the 3 largest cities of Cameroon using QuEChERS extraction and gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD), and health risk from dietary exposure was assessed. (3) Results: Organochlorines pesticides aldrin, p,p’-dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) found in 85.0%,

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Bošnir, Jasna, Dinko Puntarić, Zdenko Šmit, Maja Klarić, Matijana Grgić, and Lana Kosanović. "Organochlorine Pesticides in Freshwater Fish from the Zagreb Area." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 58, no. 2 (2007): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10004-007-0011-9.

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Organochlorine Pesticides in Freshwater Fish from the Zagreb AreaThe aim of this study was to determine the level of organochlorine pesticides in freshwater fish from the Zagreb area, Croatia. The study included 215 freshwater fish samples from three sites: the Sava River, Lake Jarun, and five fishponds from the Zagreb surroundings. Organochlorine pesticides DDT and derivates, HCH, HCB, lindane, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor with epoxide, and methoxychlor were determined using the GC-ECD method. The determined amounts of organochlorine pesticides were within allowed concentration limits

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Requena, Mar, Antonia López-Villén, Antonio F. Hernández, Tesifón Parrón, Ángela Navarro, and Raquel Alarcón. "Environmental exposure to pesticides and risk of thyroid diseases." Toxicology Letters 315 (October 2019): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.08.017.

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Engler, Reto, and John A. Quest. "Review of the Office of Pesticide Program's Current Toxicology Guidelines for the Testing of Pesticides." Toxicology and Industrial Health 4, no. 3 (1988): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378800400304.

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Goodman, Julie E., Robyn L. Prueitt, Paolo Boffetta, Crispin Halsall, and Andrew Sweetman. "“Good Epidemiology Practice” Guidelines for Pesticide Exposure Assessment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (2020): 5114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145114.

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Both toxicology and epidemiology are used to inform hazard and risk assessment in regulatory settings, particularly for pesticides. While toxicology studies involve controlled, quantifiable exposures that are often administered according to standardized protocols, estimating exposure in observational epidemiology studies is challenging, and there is no established guidance for doing so. However, there are several frameworks for evaluating the quality of published epidemiology studies. We previously developed a preliminary list of methodology and reporting standards for epidemiology studies, ca

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Ritter, Leonard, and Patricia B. Curry. "Regulation of Pesticides in Canada." Toxicology and Industrial Health 4, no. 3 (1988): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378800400305.

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Pesticides are registered in Canada under the authority of the Pest Control Products Act (PCP), administered by the Department of Agriculture. The Department of Agriculture calls upon various federal departments, including Health & Welfare Canada, to provide expert advice on hazards which may be associated with the use of the product. The Department of Health and Welfare requires and reviews a range of toxicological studies to assess potential health hazards which may be associated with exposure to the chemical. Studies required include acute, sub-acute, chronic, reproduction, teratology a

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Miglani, Rashi, and Satpal Singh Bisht. "World of earthworms with pesticides and insecticides." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 12, no. 2 (2019): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intox-2019-0008.

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Abstract Earthworms are important organisms in soil communities and are known for sustaining the life of the soil. They are used as a model organism in environmental risk assessment of chemicals and soil toxicology. Soil provides physical and nutritive support to agriculture system by regulating biogeochemical cycles, nutrient cycle, waste degradation, organic matter degradation etc. The biggest threat to soil health are pesticides and synthetic chemicals including fertilizers. Earthworms are most severely hit by these xenobiotic compounds leading to a sizeable reduction of their population an

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Gupta, Meenakshi, Ruchika Sharma, and Anoop Kumar. "Docking Techniques in Toxicology: An Overview." Current Bioinformatics 15, no. 6 (2020): 600–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574893614666191003125540.

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A variety of environmental toxicants such as heavy metals, pesticides, organic chemicals, etc produce harmful effects in our living systems. In the literature, various reports have indicated the detrimental effects of toxicants such as immunotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, etc. Experimental animals are generally used to investigate the safety profile of environmental chemicals, but research on animals has some limitations. Thus, there is a need for alternative approaches. Docking study is one of the alternate techniques which predict the binding affinity of molecules in the active si

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Das, PP, AP Shaik, and K. Jamil. "Genotoxicity induced by pesticide mixtures: in-vitro studies on human peripheral blood lymphocytes." Toxicology and Industrial Health 23, no. 8 (2007): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233708089040.

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To assess the damage caused by pesticides and their mixtures on humans, we designed in-vitro experiments to evaluate their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Three equimolar pesticide mixtures were investigated for their capability to affect cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The LC50 values for cytotoxicity, using standard trypan blue dye exclusion and calculated by probit analysis, were 4.18, 5.76, and 7.5 μM for endosulfan, carbofuran, and monocrotophos, respectively. When combined in equimolar concentrations, the LC50 values for cytotoxicity were 0.7, 0.9, and 1.0 μM for monocrotopho

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White, K. L. "Scientifically based immunotoxicological testing strategies for chemicals (Industrial/environmental/pesticides)." Human & Experimental Toxicology 14, no. 1 (1995): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719501400135.

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Wauchope, R. Don. "Environmental Risk Assessment of Pesticides: Improving Simulation Model Credibility." Weed Technology 6, no. 3 (1992): 753–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00036162.

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Registrant use of computer simulation modeling is generally accepted by regulators in lieu of some experimental data for risk assessment, provided worst-case assumptions and extremely conservative criteria for negligible risk are used. These requirements taken together mean that only extreme cases escape the requirement for actual environmental data. This conservatism reflects the uncertainty in both exposure estimates by the models and in the hazard estimates from toxicologists. Until the credibility of estimated environmental concentrations given by models is improved by more experimental da

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Hamilton, E. I. "The effects of pesticides on human health. vol. XVIII advances in modern environmental toxicology." Science of The Total Environment 114 (April 1992): 290–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90437-w.

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Sinitskaya, T. A., Irina P. Gromova, L. V. Goryacheva, and N. N. Klimova. "MIGRATION OF HERBICIDE OF DERIVATIVE ARYL CARBOXYLIC ACIDS IN THE SYSTEM OF SOIL-AIR." Hygiene and sanitation 97, no. 6 (2018): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-6-525-530.

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Introduction. The main source of pesticides entrance to the air is the treatment of crops, seeds, forest areas, and other environmental objects. Pesticides enter the air with the soil dust during wind erosion and harvesting operations. A significant number of them enter atmospheric dust areas, where the intensive chemical treatment is practiced. In most of the cases, the system of soil-atmospheric air is the first link, by which pesticides are entered, as a result of the first demolition of preparations during their application, as well as a result of processes of vaporation and evaporation fr

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Baudry, Julia, Philippe Pointereau, Louise Seconda, et al. "Improvement of diet sustainability with increased level of organic food in the diet: findings from the BioNutriNet cohort." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 109, no. 4 (2019): 1173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy361.

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ABSTRACT Background Organic food consumption has steadily increased over the past decade in westernized countries. Objective The aim of this study, based on observational data, was to compare some sustainability features of diets from consumers with varying levels of organic food. Methods The diet sustainability among 29,210 participants of the NutriNet-Santé study was estimated using databases developed within the BioNutriNet project. Four dimensions (nutrition, environment, economy, and toxicology) of diet sustainability were assessed using: 1) nutritional indicators through dietary intakes

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Needham, L. L., D. G. Patterson, V. W. Burse, D. C. Paschal, W. E. Turner, and R. H. Hill. "Reference Range Data for Assessing Exposure To Selected Environmental Toxicants." Toxicology and Industrial Health 12, no. 3-4 (1996): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379601200322.

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We analyzed blood and urine specimens from 32 charter boat captains, anglers, and spouses from both groups, who reportedly ate fish from Lakes Michigan, Huron, or Erie, for selected environmental toxicants. The toxicants measured in serum were polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls, other polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and persistent pesticides. Nonpersistent pesticides and elements were measured in urine; and elements were measured in blood. Internal dose levels of these toxicants will be compared to reference ra

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Diallo, Aboudoulatif, Komi Zotchi, Povi Lawson-evi, Batomayena Bakoma, Essotolom Badjabaissi, and Eklu-Gadegkeku Kwashie. "Pesticides Use Practice by Market Gardeners in Lome (Togo)." Journal of Toxicology 2020 (September 22, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8831873.

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Pesticides are more and more used in African countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk and the impact of pesticides on gardener’s health. It is a transversal descriptive study, which referred to vegetable growers, held in Lomé on the period from May 20 to June 5, 2017. Forty-eight (48) growers participated in the study. Men accounted for 70.8% of the study population against 29.2% of women. The level of education was primary (47.9%) in the majority of cases. Married people or couples represented 77.1% of cases. Most gardeners (72.9%) has no training in the use of pesticides. Pes

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Pinos, Helena, Beatriz Carrillo, Ana Merchán, et al. "Relationship between Prenatal or Postnatal Exposure to Pesticides and Obesity: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (2021): 7170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137170.

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In recent years, the worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults and children has dramatically increased. The conventional model regarding the onset of obesity is based on an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. However, other possible environmental factors involved, such as the exposure to chemicals like pesticides, cannot be discarded. These compounds could act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) that may interfere with hormone activity related to several mechanisms involved in body weight control. The main objective of this study was to systematically review

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