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1
Momunova, G. "Fruit Trees Pests and Pest Control." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 6 (June 15, 2023): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/91/17.
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Currently, pests cause great harm to fruit trees. 22 pests damaging fruit trees were identified and their species composition was determined. Some of them, under favorable conditions, multiply abundantly and damage the fruits, trunks, roots, branches and leaves of trees. In gardens, depending on the number of species, biological characteristics, harmfulness and nature of damage, the following activities can be carried out: 1) agrotechnical; 2) physical and mechanical; 3) biological methods. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the use of predominantly biological methods in pest control. Chemical methods of pest control have lost their effectiveness in recent years. This is due to the fact that in the course of the fight against this or that pest, hundreds and thousands of beneficial insects also disappear in nature. Not only that, but the birds that feed on them, etc., the animals are also poisoned, and their numbers are decreasing. Большой вред плодовым деревьям наносят их вредители. Выявлено 22 вредителя, повреждающих плодовые деревья, и определен их видовой состав. Некоторые из них при благоприятных условиях обильно размножаются и повреждают плоды, стволы, корни, ветви и листья деревьев. В садах, в зависимости от количества видов, биологических особенностей, вредоносности и характера повреждений, можно проводить следующие мероприятия: 1) агротехнические; 2) физико-механические; 3) биологические методы. В последние годы большое внимание уделяется использованию в борьбе с вредителями преимущественно биологических методов. Химические методы борьбы с вредителями в последние годы утратили свою эффективность. Это связано с тем, что в ходе борьбы с тем или иным вредителем в природе также исчезают сотни и тысячи полезных насекомых, птиц и т. д. Количество животных также уменьшается.
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Stejskal, V., R. Aulicky, and Z. Kucerova. "Pest control strategies and damage potential of seed-infesting pests in the Czech stores – a review." Plant Protection Science 50, No. 4 (November 14, 2014): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10/2014-pps.
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This work reviews the historical and current pest risks and research concerning seed storage in the Czech Republic (CR). Stored seed pests (i.e. animals causing injuries to the germ and endosperm) represent a high risk of economic damage due to the high value of seeds coupled with long-term seed storage in small storage units (e.g., boxes, satchels). Rodents represent a significant risk to all types of seeds, especially seeds stored in piles or bags. Mites, psocids, and moths are the main pests of stored grass and vegetable seeds: mites can decrease seed germinability by 52% and psocids caused 9.7% seed weight loss in broken wheat kernels after 3 months of infestation under laboratory conditions. Although beetles (Sitophilus sp., Tribolium sp., Oryzaephilus sp.) and moths (Plodia sp.) are common pests of grain seeds (e.g., wheat, barley, maize), two serious seed pests, Sitotroga cereallela and S. zemays, are rare in the CR. Bruchus pisorum is a common pest of pea seeds, while other Bruchids are rare in the Czech legume seed stores. Currently, the control of seed pests is becoming difficult because the efficient pesticides (e.g., methylbromide, dichlorvos, drinking anticoagulant rodent baits) for seed protection have been lost without the development of adequate substitutes. New research on seed protection in the CR using biological control (mite predators Cheyletus sp.), low pressure, modified atmospheres, and hydrogen cyanide is overviewed.
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Ito, Hiroshi C., and Natsuko I. Kondo. "Biological pest control by investing crops in pests." Population Ecology 54, no. 4 (May 26, 2012): 557–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10144-012-0325-6.
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Jankovic, Ljiljana, Vladimir Draskovic, Stefan Pintaric, Milorad Mirilovic, Spomenka Djuric, Nada Tajdic, and Radislava Teodorovic. "Rodent pest control." Veterinarski glasnik 73, no. 2 (2019): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl190507020j.
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Background. Rodent pests are natural reservoirs and vectors of a vast array of human and animal diseases caused by bacteria, rickettsia, viruses, protozoans, fungi and some parasites. The most important risk factor for human infection with Trichinella is the rearing of pigs on small farms and by rural households, if rodent pest control is not conducted regularly. Rodent pests cause economic losses by consuming, contaminating and/or damaging foods intended for human or animal consumption. Scope and Approach. The aim of this work is to point out the epidemiological and epizootiological importance of regular rodent control, and the importance of integrated use of all measures in deratization, as well as mistakes which can be made in implementing this procedure. Key Findings and Conclusions. The control of populations of pest synanthropic and hemisynanthropic rodents is a very complex and delicate task to carry out. Given all characteristics of the majority of rodent pest species, e.g. high reproductive potential, extraordinary adaptation to life in a variety of habitats and ability to develop resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides, the issue of controlling the number of rodent pests is considerably more problematic than it might seem at first glance. Therefore, appropriate scientific and professional knowledge is necessary to accomplish effective rodent control, which if done improperly, can have far-reaching negative consequences for human populations, non-target species and workers performing the task.
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Amporn Winotai. "Integrated Pest Management of Important Insect Pests of Coconut1." CORD 30, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v30i1.82.
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IPM or Integrated pest management is a strategy that integrates various methods of cultural, physical, mechanical, biological control and selection of pesticides as the last option. IPM is not only cost effective but simultaneously prioritized human and environmental safety. IPM is based on farmer’s local knowledge, acceptance and education. Several insects were reported as coconut pests in Asia and Pacific region. Among these pests, rhinoceros beetle, red palm weevil, coconut hispine beetle, coconut black headed caterpillar and coconut scale currently causing severe damage to coconut palms in the region. Rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is native to South Asia and Southeast Asia. Management of this pest is a combination of sanitation in plantations and surrounding, biological control by using Metarhizium anisopliae, Oryctes virus and pheromone trapping. Red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) outbreaks usually occur after infestation of rhinoceros beetle. Keeping the rhinoceros under control results in keeping the red palm weevil under control too. Pheromone trapping is also developed for reduction of this pest. Coconut hispine beetle, Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomellidae), is an invasive pest occurs in Southeast Asia and Pacific region. Biological control of the pest is recommended by releasing two species of parasitoids, Asecodes hispinarus Boucek (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Tetrastichus brontispae Ferriere (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Coconut black headed caterpillar, Opisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) is one of the key pests of coconut in South Asia and invaded Thailand in 2008. Management of this pest in its native region consisted of: 1) removing and burning of the infested leaves; 2) biological control by releasing parasitoids such as Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck), Bracon brevicornis (Wesmael), Brachymeria nephantidis Gahan; and 3) chemical control by trunk injection and applying systemic insecticides in the holes. Bacillus thruringiensis has been recommended for biological control of the black headed caterpillar in Thailand. Coconut scale, Aspidiotus destructor Signoret (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) has been reported as a serious in Philippines. Predators are significant biological control agents in limiting A. destructor populations. The most common natural enemies associated with the coconut scales are the coccinellid beetles Chilocorus spp., Azya trinitatis, Cryptognatha nodiceps, Rhyzobius lophanthae and Pentilia castanea. Local parasitoids, Comperiella, Aphytis and Encarsia also play important roles in keeping the pest under control. Application of insecticides could inducee the infestation of the scale. Biological controls is recommended for suppression of other coconut pests, such as slug caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) such as Parasa lepida Cramer; coconut leaf moth, Artona catoxantha Hampton (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae); and coconut leafminer, Promecotheca cumingii Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).
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ZHANG, HONG, LANSUN CHEN, and PAUL GEORGESCU. "IMPULSIVE CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR PEST MANAGEMENT." Journal of Biological Systems 15, no. 02 (June 2007): 235–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339007002106.
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In this paper, we propose two impulsive differential systems concerning biological and, respectively, integrated pest management strategies. In each case, it is observed that there exists a globally asymptotically stable susceptible pest-eradication periodic solution on condition that the amount of infective pests released periodically is larger than a certain critical value. When the amount of infective pests released is less than this critical value, the system is shown to be permanent, which implies that the trivial susceptible pest-eradication solution loses its stability. Further, the existence of a non-trivial periodic solution is also studied by means of numerical simulations. In the case in which a single control is used, one can only use the amount of infective pests which are periodically released in order to control pests at desirable low levels, while in the case in which integrated management is used, one can use the proportion of pests removed by means of spraying chemical pesticides together with the amount of infective pests which are periodically released to control pests at desirable low levels.
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PATHAK, SWETA, and ALAKES MAITI. "MICROBIAL PEST CONTROL: A MATHEMATICAL MODEL." Journal of Biological Systems 18, no. 02 (June 2010): 455–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339010003317.
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The traditional method for controlling pests is the application of chemical pesticides. Growing concern on the negative effects of chemicals has encouraged the development of alternatives. Inundatively and inoculatively applied microbial control agents (virus, bacteria, fungi, and entomopathogenic nematodes) have been developed as alternative control methods of a wide variety of pests. A mathematical model for microbial control of pests is formulated in this paper. The dynamical characteristics of the system are studied. The role of time-delay has been discussed. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the analytical findings. Biological implications have been discussed.
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Otamirzayev, N., and R. Ibodullayeva. "Type of pests in agrobiocenosis of rice and pest control." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 04032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125804032.
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In the article, 10 species of pests that damage rice plants during the season in the rice agrobiocenosis were identified. Leptestheria dahalacensis Sars, Apus concriformis Sh., Corn stalk Ostrinia nubilalis Hb, and Cephus pygmaeus have been reported to cause damage to rice grasses.A growth calendar has been developed. In the pest experiment during the rice germination period, biological effectiveness of the drug was the highest for 15 days, accounted for 93.9%, in the variant treated with Nurell D 55% em.k at rate of 1.5 l/ha. When the variant was treated with Tayshin 500 s.d.g (Clothianidin) at rate of 0.06 kg/ha, the effectives of the drug were 93.3% in 14 days. In the experiment, Nurell D 55% em.k (1.5 l/ha) was used against the main pests (0.06kg/ha) yielded 70.7 q/ha in the variant in which the chemical agent was used, and 10.1 additional yields were reported. The results showed that the yield of “Iskandar” variety was 73.8 q/ha, which was 13.2 q/ha more than the control, when Nurell D 55% em.k (1.5 l/ha) against the main pests was applied. Whereas new chemical Tayshin 500 s.d.g. (0.06kg/ha) was used in the variant, in which the yield was 70.7 q/ha, and it was more by 10.1 q/ha than the control variant.
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Hilton, R. J., P. VanBuskirk, and P. Westigard. "CONTROL OF SECONDARY PESTS IN A SELECTIVE PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM." Acta Horticulturae, no. 475 (September 1998): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1998.475.60.
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Paterson, I., and A. Witt. "Biological control of pest cactus and cactus pests in Africa." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1343 (September 2022): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2022.1343.71.
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Sun, Shulin, and Lansun Chen. "Mathematical modelling to control a pest population by infected pests." Applied Mathematical Modelling 33, no. 6 (June 2009): 2864–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2008.08.018.
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Matthews, G. A. "Cotton Insect Pest Control." Outlook on Agriculture 18, no. 4 (December 1989): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708901800406.
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Despite competition from other natural and man-made fibres cotton remains the world's most important textile, of great economic importance in many of the countries in which it is grown. It is prone to a number of pests which reduce yield and the control of these presents many problems. While integrated pest management can solve many of these, some use of insecticides cannot be avoided.
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Carlson, Gerald A. "Economics of biological control of pests." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 3, no. 2-3 (1988): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002277.
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Biological pest control techniques usually have identifiable costs and constraints that they must overcome before they will be adopted by farmers. Many biological control agents are developed in the public sector and need economic assessments at an early stage. The methods often have hidden costs related to farm labor adjustments or initial costs of development. Living biological controls frequently escape, and they may be disrupted by pesticides, regulations, or farm commodity programs. Pest control registration procedures and small markets also present obstacles. Area-wide implementation programs and changes in incentives for researchers may speed development and adoption of biological controls.
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Baskakov, I. V., V. I. Orobinsky, A. M. Gievsky, V. A. Gulevsky, and A. V. Chernyshov. "Ozone pest control of grain." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1138, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1138/1/012026.
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Abstract Grain insect pests impact adversely on the agrarian industry. Insects make a significant portion of crops to become unusable. During storage, lacking proper monitoring and control, different pests tend to grow in grains. In the laboratory conditions, grain cereal heaps are most often infested by grain weevils and flour beetles. Since pests are growing very rapidly, it is necessary to immediately apply pest control actions. Ozonation can effectively destroy a large proportion of insects. However, the recommended ozone concentrations for disinfection are excessive and very hazardous for humans. Therefore, lower ozone concentrations should be applied for treatment. To this end, concentrations of ozone ranging from 1.4 to 5 mg/m3 with an exposure interval of 5 hours is found to be sufficient to completely exterminate the grain weevil. It is very difficult to maintain a constant dose of the used gas mixture, so one should focus on the concentration of ozone above 1.0 g·min/m3. To completely exterminate the flour beetle, it is necessary to ozonize under the given conditions for more than 8 hours. In this situation, the ozone concentration should surpass 1.8 g·min/m3. Ozonation is carried out until the death of 40… 50% of insects, the remaining part dies over the next day.
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Li, Jinyang, Qingdao Huang, and Bing Liu. "An SI integrated pest management model with pesticide resistance to susceptible pests." International Journal of Biomathematics 13, no. 05 (May 28, 2020): 2050037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524520500370.
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In this paper, epidemic diseases among pests are assumed to occur, so pests are divided into susceptible pests and infected pests, and only susceptible pests are harmful to crops. Considering spraying pesticides and releasing of natural enemies and infected pests to control pests, as well as the long-term application of the same pesticide to induce resistance, an integrated pest management with pesticide resistance is established. The pollution emission model is introduced to model the action process of pesticides, which well reflects its residual and delay effects. By using comparison theorem of impulsive differential equation and analysis method, the threshold condition for eradication of susceptible pests is obtained. Then we analyze the frequency of spraying pesticide on the success of pests control. It shows that it is not that the more frequently pesticides are applied, the better the result of the susceptible pests control is. From the sensitivity analysis, the key factors on the threshold are obtained. Finally, the strategies to control susceptible pests are given, including switching pesticides and releasing infected pests and natural enemies elastically.
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Liu, Bing, Wanbo Liu, Fennmei Tao, Baolin Kang, and Jiguang Cong. "A Dynamical Analysis of a Piecewise Smooth Pest Control SI Model." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 25, no. 05 (May 2015): 1550068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127415500686.
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In this paper, we propose a piecewise smooth SI pest control system to model the process of spraying pesticides and releasing infectious pests. We assume that the pest population consists of susceptible pests and infectious pests, and that the disease spreads horizontally between pests. We take the susceptible pest as the control index on whether to implement chemical control and biological control strategies. Based on the theory of Filippov system, the sliding-mode domain and conditions for the existence of real equilibria, virtual equilibria, pseudo-equilibrium and boundary equilibria are given. Further, we show the global stability of real equilibria (or boundary equilibria) and pseudo-equilibrium. Our results can provide theoretical guidance for the problem of pest control.
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Bhanu Gupta, Amit Sharma, and Sanjay K. Srivastava. "Stability Analysis of Integrated Pest Management with Impulsive Biological Control." Mathematical Journal of Interdisciplinary Sciences 6, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/mjis.2018.62007.
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The aim of the present work is to study the dynamics of stage-structured pest control model including biological control, i.e. by releasing of natural enemies and infected pests periodically. It is assumed that only immature susceptible pests are attacked by natural enemies admitting Beddington DeAngelis functional response and mature susceptible pests are contacted by infected pests with bilinear incidence rate and become exposed. The sufficient condition for local stability of pest extinction periodic solution is derived by making use of Floquet’s theory and small amplitude perturbation technique. The global attractivity of pest extinction periodic solution is also established by applying comparison principle of impulsive differential equations.
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Lahiri, Sriyanka, Hugh A. Smith, Midhula Gireesh, Gagandeep Kaur, and Joseph D. Montemayor. "Arthropod Pest Management in Strawberry." Insects 13, no. 5 (May 19, 2022): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13050475.
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The strawberry crop endures economic losses due to feeding injury from a number of phytophagous arthropod pests. A number of invasive pests have posed challenges to crop protection techniques in the strawberry cropping system recently. It is increasingly evident that sole reliance on chemical control options is not sustainable. In this review, current challenges and advances in integrated pest management of various strawberry pests are presented. Key pests discussed include thrips, mites, lygus bug, spotted wing drosophila, seed bug, weevils, aphids, whiteflies, and armyworms. Several integrated pest management techniques that include use of intercropping, resistant cultivars, irradiation with gamma rays, use of spectral sensitivity of pests, biological control agents and natural enemies, and biorational pesticides have recently been reported to be useful in managing the various strawberry pests. With the increase in world production of strawberry, several techniques will be necessary to manage the pest complex of strawberry.
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Dey, Shamik, and Nandini Pal. "IMPACT OF BIO-CONTROL AGENT ON THE MANAGEMENT OF RICE INSECT PESTS." International Journal of Biological Innovations 06, no. 01 (2024): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46505/ijbi.2024.6106.
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Insect pests and disease infestations are the primary problems in rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation. Mostly lepidopteran and hemipteran like yellow stem borer and brown plant hopper respectively are the important insect pests. Concerns about chemical free agriculture have promoted widespread introduction of integrated pest management, an ecologically based approach to control the harmful insects and pests. Integrated pest management is intended to reduce ecological and health damage from chemical pesticides by using natural parasites and predators to control pest population. This review article describes the impact of various biocontrol agents with respect to management of rice insect pests.
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Gordon, S. C., J. A. T. Woodford, and A. N. E. Birch. "Arthropod pests ofRubusin Europe: Pest status, current and future control strategies." Journal of Horticultural Science 72, no. 6 (January 1997): 831–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1997.11515577.
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Ablazova, M. M., and M. A. Zuparov. "EGG PESTS - HOW TO IDENTIFY AND CONTROL." American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 04, no. 05 (May 1, 2022): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume04issue05-02.
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Eggplants, like other popular crops, are not able to resist the attack of malicious insects that constantly annoy them. The plants themselves are not able to cope with such a scourge. Therefore, they need help, which the gardener must certainly provide. In gratitude for the efforts, eggplants will delight you with a rich harvest. There is no one way that could solve the problem of insects that adversely affect the condition of vegetables. For each specific pest, it is necessary to look for its own method, thanks to which the fight against it will be effective. There are several types of insects that feel great on eggplant beds. They find a specific approach to them, which helps the summer resident to forget about such a problem as eggplant pests for a long time.
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Pathak, Sweta, and Alakes Maiti. "Pest control using virus as control agent: A mathematical model." Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control 17, no. 1 (January 25, 2012): 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/na.17.1.14079.
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It is now well recognised that biocontrol of pests is one of the best ecofriendly alternative for pest control. In this paper we have studied dynamical behaviours of a model for biocontrol of pests, where it is assumed that the pest is affected by a virus. Boundedness and stability of the model are studied. The effect of time-delay is investigated. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate our analytical findings. It is observed that the time-delay has a regulatory impact on the system. Biological implications of our results are discussed.
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Mckinlay, R. G. "Insect Pest Control on Potatoes." Outlook on Agriculture 17, no. 1 (March 1988): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708801700106.
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The international importance of the potato crop needs no stressing and its protection from insect pests is correspondingly important. This article reviews the wide variety of control methods currently in use. In present circumstances integrated pest control methods are desirable on environmental grounds, but in practice the careful monitoring required makes this difficult for the individual grower.
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B. G. Beisen. "AGROTECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF PEST CONTROL OF SPRING WHEAT." Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Chemistry & Biology series, no. 4,2023 (December 28, 2023): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/eiub2298.
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To obtain a good yield of grain crops, including spring wheat, specialists use various techniques to prevent grain losses. One of the factors affecting the yield of spring wheat is the impact of pests. There are about 300 species, but 140 of them are the most significant. Their degree of harmfulness depends on climatic conditions and the phase of vegetation of plants [4]. The main pests of spring wheat are: wheat thrips, meadow moth, bug harmful turtle, bread beetle, dark nutcracker, striped nutcracker, bread bug, common cereal aphid, gray grain scooper and other insects. The following methods of control are used to combat these pests: agrotechnological, biological and chemical [6]. Agrotechnical methods include: observing crop rotation, sowing dates, plowing and weeding the soil on time, timely harvesting of grain crops, cleaning of plant residues from fields. In addition, it is important to use high-quality varieties. Keywords: Spring wheat, agrotechnological methods, silverbeard, pests, sowing dates, varieties.
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Wang, Xuqi, Shanwen Zhang, Xianfeng Wang, and Cong Xu. "Crop pest detection by three-scale convolutional neural network with attention." PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (June 2, 2023): e0276456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276456.
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Crop pests seriously affect the yield and quality of crop. To timely and accurately control crop pests is particularly crucial for crop security, quality of life and a stable agricultural economy. Crop pest detection in field is an essential step to control the pests. The existing convolutional neural network (CNN) based pest detection methods are not satisfactory for small pest recognition and detection in field because the pests are various with different colors, shapes and poses. A three-scale CNN with attention (TSCNNA) model is constructed for crop pest detection by adding the channel attention and spatial mechanisms are introduced into CNN. TSCNNA can improve the interest of CNN for pest detection with different sizes under complicated background, and enlarge the receptive field of CNN, so as to improve the accuracy of pest detection. Experiments are carried out on the image set of common crop pests, and the precision is 93.16%, which is 5.1% and 3.7% higher than ICNN and VGG16, respectively. The results show that the proposed method can achieve both high speed and high accuracy of crop pest detection. This proposed method has certain practical significance of real-time crop pest control in the field.
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Shipp, J. L., G. J. Boland, and L. A. Shaw. "Integrated pest management of disease and arthropod pests of greenhouse vegetable crops in Ontario: Current status and future possibilities." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, no. 3 (July 1, 1991): 887–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-130.
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Disease and arthropod pests are a continual problem for greenhouse vegetable production. These problems range from minor infestations to major disease or arthropod pest outbreaks that can destroy an entire crop. In Ontario, in the past, the major management strategy was pesticide control. However, many plant pathogen, insect and mite pests are resistant to registered pesticides and few new pesticides are being developed. Alternative control strategies exist or are being developed for most major pests. This review describes the current status of pesticide, cultural and biological control of disease and arthropod pests of greenhouse vegetables in Ontario and discusses the future possibilities for the integration of pest management practices utilizing plant resistance, nutrition, environment and biological control agents into an expert system approach. Key words: Vegetable (greenhouse) crops, integrated pest management
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Burts, Everett. "Pear, Pest Control, 1986." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 12, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/12.1.60.
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Abstract Mature pear trees were sprayed with handguns operating at 600 psi to evaluate pesticides for control of pear pests. Plots consisted of 5 2-tree replicates in randomized block design. Treatments were applied 4 times during the season, on 11 Apr, 1 May, 4 Jun and 22 Jul. Treatments were evaluated for PP and mite control by counts made at 2-week intervals, but PP populations declined in late Jul so counts made afterwards are not included in tables. Adult PP were counted from a 5 beating-tray sample/rep. Psylla nymphs and mites were counted from a 50-leaf sample/rep. Leaf samples through 27 May were collected from fruiting spurs. Later samples consisted of the proximal, distal and 3 leaves from between on each of 10 growing shoots. Leaves were brushed and resulting slides were examined using a dissecting microscope. PP and PRM russet were rated according to US grade standards for fresh market Bartlett pears on 2 samples of 25 mature fruits/rep. Fruit and foliage were examined after each spray for phytotoxicity.
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Burts, Everett. "Pear, Pest Control, 1985." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.69.
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Abstract Twenty-two-year-old pear trees were sprayed with handguns operating at 600 psi to evaluate pesticides for control of pear pests. Plots consisted of 5, 2-tree replicates in randomized block design. Treatments were evaluated for PP control by counts of adults and nymphs at 2-wk intervals. Adults were counted from 5 beating-tray samples/rep. Nymphs were counted from 50 leaves/rep. First generation nymph samples, those prior to 1 Jun consisted of fruiting spur leaves. Later samples included the proximal, distal and 3 leaves from between, on each of 10 shoots. Leaves were brushed and the resulting slides were examined using a dissecting microscope. Phytophagous mites were counted from separate samples using the same procedure. Two 10-fruit samples/rep collected at normal harvest time were weighed and tested for firmness with a penetrometer. Soluble solids were measured with a refractometer on samples of the combined juice of each lot of 10 fruits. PP and PRM damage was rated according to US grade standards for fresh market Bartlett pears on 2 samples of 25 fruits/rep. Fruit and foliage were examined after each spray for phytotoxicity.
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Ruzikulov, Davlatbek Nazaralievich, and Xonoyim Abduqaxxorovna Ergasheva. "Pest Of Calendula Officinalis L. And Control Measures In Kashkadarya Region." American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 02, no. 10 (October 29, 2020): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume02issue10-08.
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In this article presents the results of research of pests in medicinal plants grown in the Uzbekistan. During the study, polyphagous and oligophagous pests were found in medicinal plants, worm (orexotvorka), cotton nightshade, marmara nightshade,thrips, mint flea, rosemary baridi, rosemary juice, rosemary stalk, valerian juice.
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Burts, Everett. "Pear: Pest Control, 1984." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/10.1.36.
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Abstract Twenty-one year-old pear trees were sprayed with handguns operating at 600 psi to evaluate pesticides for control of pear pests. Plots consisted of five 2-tree replicates in randomized block design. Plots 1 and 2 were sprayed 4 May, 22 Jun and 11 Jul, plot 3 was sprayed 26 Apr, 13 Jun and 11 Jul and plots 4-9 were sprayed 4 May, 13 Jun and 11 Jul. Treatments were evaluated for pear psylla control by counts of adults and nymphs at 2-week intervals. Adults were counted from a 5 beating-tray sample/rep. Nymphs were counted from 50-leaf samples/rep. First generation nymph samples, those prior to 26 Jun, consisted of fruiting spur leaves. Later samples included the proximal, distal and 3 leaves from between, on each of 10 shoots/rep. Leaves were brushed and the resulting slides were examined using a dissecting microscope. Two 10-fruit samples/rep collected at normal harvest time were weighed and tested for firmness with a penetrometer. Soluble solids were measured with a refractometer on samples of the combined juice of each lot of 10 fruit. Pear psylla and pear rust mite russets were rated according to US grade standards for fresh market Bartlett pears on 2 samples of 25 fruit/rep. Fruit and foliage were examined after each spray date for phytotoxicity.
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Hone, Jim. "Yield, compensation and fertility control: a model for vertebrate pests." Wildlife Research 31, no. 4 (2004): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03080.
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A graphical and quantitative framework is described linking production yield, damage by vertebrate pests, their abundance and density-dependent responses to imposed sterilisation. Compensatory responses of yield to pest damage, and pest populations to fertility control are described as part of the modelling. The focal relationship is that between yield and the proportion of a pest population permanently sterilised, which is shown to be generally positive though the form of the relationship varies with differing assumptions. Compensatory responses to pest damage of production systems, such as crops, livestock, trees or fish, generate non-linear responses between yield and pest damage, and yield and pest abundance. Compensatory responses by a pest population generate linear or curved relationships between abundance and the proportion of females sterilised. The model is illustrated using data from empirical studies, especially of European rabbits in Australia and New Zealand. It is recommended that the framework be evaluated on wild populations of vertebrate pests.
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Wu, Liping, and Zhongyi Xiang. "A study of integrated pest management models with instantaneous and non-instantaneous impulse effects." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 21, no. 2 (2024): 3063–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2024136.
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<abstract><p>The occurrence of pests and diseases during agricultural production affects the quality and quantity of agricultural products. It is important to evaluate the impact of various factors on pests to achieve optimal results of integrated pest management (IPM) during its implementation. In this paper, we considered the transient and non-transient effects of chemical control on pests and the effects on natural enemies at different times, and developed a corresponding pest control model. Detailed studies and comparisons were conducted for spraying pesticides either more or less frequently as compared to strategies for releasing natural enemies. The threshold conditions for global asymptotic stabilization of the pest extinction period solution was obtained. Using two-parameter and sensitivity analysis techniques, the parameters affecting the variation of the threshold were discussed. By comparing these two pest control strategies, we found the existence of optimal application and release frequencies. Finally, in order to control pests below the economic threshold level, the state-dependent pest model was numerically investigated. The results show that the presence or absence of chemical control of pests can depend on the values taken for the parameters in the model. Based on this information, pest control experts can make decisions about the best spraying time and the best release rate.</p></abstract>
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MENG, XINZHU, ZHITAO SONG, and LANSUN CHEN. "A NEW MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR OPTIMAL CONTROL STRATEGIES OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT." Journal of Biological Systems 15, no. 02 (June 2007): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339007002143.
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A state-dependent impulsive SI epidemic model for integrated pest management (IPM) is proposed and investigated. We shall examine an optimal impulsive control problem in the management of an epidemic to control a pest population. We introduce a small amount of pathogen into a pest population with the expectation that it will generate an epidemic and that it will subsequently be endemic such that the number of pests is no larger than the given economic threshold (ET), so that the pests cannot cause economic damage. This is the biological control strategy given in the present paper. The combination strategy of pulse capturing (susceptible individuals) and pulse releasing (infective individuals) is implemented in the model if the number of pests (susceptible) reaches the ET. Firstly, the impulsive control problem is to drive the pest population below a given pest level and to do so in a manner which minimizes a weighted sum of the cost of using the control. Hence, for a one time impulsive effect we obtain the optimal strategy in terms of total cost such that the number of pests is no larger than the given ET. Secondly, we show the existence of periodic solution with the number of pests no larger than ET, and by using the Analogue of the Poincaré Criterion we prove that it is asymptotically stable under a planned impulsive control strategy. Further, the period T of the periodic solution is calculated, which can be used to estimate how long the pest population will take to return back to its pre-control level. The main feature of the present paper is to apply an SI infectious disease model to IPM, and some pests control strategies are given.
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Holmes, Stephen B., and Chris J. K. MacQuarrie. "Chemical control in forest pest management." Canadian Entomologist 148, S1 (January 25, 2016): S270—S295. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2015.71.
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AbstractChemical insecticides have been an important tool in the management of forest insect pests in Canadian forests. Aerial application of insecticides began in the 1920s and expanded greatly after World War II with the widespread adoption of DDT primarily for the suppression of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and other defoliating insects. Significant progress was made in the development of new chemical insecticides and formulations including fenitrothion and tebufenozide, as well as technology for the application of insecticides against various insect pests. However, widespread opposition to the use of chemical insecticides in forest management has led to significant reductions in the number of insecticides registered for use in Canadian forests. Developments in the past 20 years have focussed on new insecticides, formulations, and technologies that seek to limit the impacts on non-target organisms and subsequent ecosystem effects. These developments have resulted in significant improvements in the management of traditional management targets, such as the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens); Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) but also the management of invasive species, especially wood-boring beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae, Cerambycidae).
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Hong, In-Kyoung, Hyung-Kwon Yun, Young-Bin Jung, Sang-Mi Lee, and Sang-Deok Lee. "Selection of Companion Plants for Pest Control of Cruciferous Crops." Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 25, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2022.25.4.337.
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Background and objective: This study was conducted to determine the types of pests that occur in spring and autumn on three types of cruciferous vegetables, which are host plants, and investigate the actual effect by selecting companion plants with pest control effects.Methods: This study selected 3 types of cruciferous crops and 17 types of companion plants through literature review to investigate the types of pests and damage index occurring in spring and autumn. After examining the number of pests that occur per 10 plants on a weekly basis, the mean and standard deviation were calculated using the IBM SPSS statistics Ver. 25 program.Results: There was little damage to pests in 17 types of herbs, flowers, and vegetables. When grown together with cruciferous vegetables, 8 types of herbs, 5 types of vegetables, and 4 types of flowers showed little pest damage. In particular, companion plants that suffered less pest damage were catnip, chamomile, thyme, and nasturtium in spring cultivation and thyme, basil, catnip, chamomile, rosemary, and marigold in autumn cultivation. Shoot growth of Kimchi cabbage and white radish in the experimental group planted with vegetables was 148-181% of the control group using conventional cultivation but companion planting with rosemary, nasturtium, and marigold showed less growth than the control group, especially the experimental group planted with rosemary, which showed 45-53% of growth compared to the control group. The companion plants with good growth in the root of white radish were celery, beet, basil, and marigold. There was little difference in the degree of pest damage to crops between the central planting with a few companion crops and the parallel, alternate, and perimeter planting with many companion crops.Conclusion: Pests can be managed effectively with a pest management technique that utilizes the pull effect based on the interaction between frequently occurring pest types and companion plants.
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Lantero, Esther, Beatriz Matallanas, and Carmen Callejas. "Current Status of the Main Olive Pests: Useful Integrated Pest Management Strategies and Genetic Tools." Applied Sciences 13, no. 21 (November 6, 2023): 12078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132112078.
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Mediterranean olive cultivation faces challenges in the global environmental change context. Pests and diseases caused by arthropods such as Bactrocera oleae, Prays oleae, and certain vectors of Xylella fastidiosa are expected to increase and spread in part due to this global scenario. The control of these arthropods has relied on synthetic pesticides, the misuse of which has led to pest population resistance and concerns about their negative impacts on biodiversity and global health. Integrated pest management (IPM) methods have emerged through the careful consideration of all available control techniques and the subsequent integration of appropriate measures that discourage the development of pest populations. This paper reviews the IPM guidelines for olive cultivation, prioritizing the use of biological control methods, and the integration of genetics and biotechnology, which bring precision, efficacy, and safety. It evidences the importance of genetic analysis in pest populations, pesticide resistance and in the contributions of predators to pest control. Advances in formulations and delivery systems for pesticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis, plant-incorporated protectants, improved SIT techniques, and the specific efficacy of biologicals pesticides are covered. Finally, this paper explores promising tools such as RNAi and gene drive while recognizing the ethical, environmental, and regulatory challenges associated with their use. Shortly, these innovations have the potential to reduce the environmental impacts of pests while ensuring the long-term viability of the olive industry.
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Silva, Gonçalo, Jenny Tomlinson, Nawaporn Onkokesung, Sarah Sommer, Latifa Mrisho, James Legg, Ian P. Adams, et al. "Plant pest surveillance: from satellites to molecules." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 5, no. 2 (March 15, 2021): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20200300.
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Plant pests and diseases impact both food security and natural ecosystems, and the impact has been accelerated in recent years due to several confounding factors. The globalisation of trade has moved pests out of natural ranges, creating damaging epidemics in new regions. Climate change has extended the range of pests and the pathogens they vector. Resistance to agrochemicals has made pathogens, pests, and weeds more difficult to control. Early detection is critical to achieve effective control, both from a biosecurity as well as an endemic pest perspective. Molecular diagnostics has revolutionised our ability to identify pests and diseases over the past two decades, but more recent technological innovations are enabling us to achieve better pest surveillance. In this review, we will explore the different technologies that are enabling this advancing capability and discuss the drivers that will shape its future deployment.
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JIAO, JIANJUN, and LANSUN CHEN. "GLOBAL ATTRACTIVITY AND PERMANENCE OF A STAGE-STRUCTURED PEST MANAGEMENT SI MODEL WITH TIME DELAY AND DISEASED PESTS IMPULSIVE TRANSMISSION." Advances in Complex Systems 10, no. 04 (December 2007): 479–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525907001240.
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In this work, we consider a stage-structured pest management SI model with time delay and diseased pests impulsive transmission. Sufficient conditions which guarantee the global attractivity of pest-extinction periodic solution and permanence of the system are obtained. We also prove that all solutions of the system are uniformly ultimately bounded. Our results provide reliable tactic basis for the practical pest management.
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Shchinnikov, Ilya, Stanislav Tokarev, and Dmitry Surinsky. "Justification of the need to systematize pest control at AIC objects." АгроЭкоИнфо 1 S (October 15, 2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/20212s1107.
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The analysis of modern ensuring the safety of agricultural crops and the preservation of crops from pests is carried out. The use of systems to ensure the protection of agro-industrial complex from synanthropic pests is substantiated. The advantages of the electrophysical method of control and the need to create an effective system for protecting agricultural crops from pests are substantiated. The essence of each direction of the electrophysical method is revealed. An integrated protection of agricultural crops based on an information-software complex for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of plant protection against pests is proposed. The use of the information-software complex is substantiated. Keywords: CONTROL METHODS, PESTS IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX, ELECTROPHYSICAL METHOD OF PROTECTION
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Ofuya, Thomas I., Adeyela I. Okunlola, and George N. Mbata. "A Review of Insect Pest Management in Vegetable Crop Production in Nigeria." Insects 14, no. 2 (January 21, 2023): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14020111.
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Insect pest infestations and damage can limit the production of vegetables in the farming systems in Nigeria. This review looks at integrated insect pest management as a possible panacea for resolving insect pest issues in vegetable crops. The main vegetable crops which include okra, tomatoes, chilli peppers, cucumbers, green amaranth, carrots and onions are highlighted. The major insect pests of the various vegetables which include foliage beetles, caterpillars, aphids, fruit flies, stink bugs, and grasshoppers are also mentioned. The various control measures that have been empirically verified for the mitigation of the impact of these insect pests, including the application of synthetic insecticides, modification of agronomic practices, use of resistant varieties, application of botanicals, biological and mechanical controls, are discussed. Studies which have been carried out attempting to integrate two or more of the control strategies for better insect pest control are also reviewed. Strategies that can be put in place for the integrated pest management of vegetable insect pests in Nigeria are considered. Among the IPM (Integrated Pest Management) practices instituted for the mitigation of pest infestations on vegetable crops in Nigeria, intercropping of suitable vegetables in combination with the application of aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica and Piper guineense seeds under good farm hygiene and sanitation proved to be most successful.
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Thovhogi, R., E. M. Zwane, and J. Van Niekerk. "Knowledge of extension officers on pest management in Horticulture in Thulamela Local Municipality in Vhembe District of Limpopo Province." South African Journal of Agricultural Extension (SAJAE) 50, no. 1 (November 2, 2022): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3221/2022/v50n1a13115.
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This paper focuses on the knowledge of the extension officers on pest management in horticulture in Thulamela municipality - Vhembe district. The study was conducted among 31 extension officers who were selected based on their speciality for dealing with crop production issues in the Thulamela municipality. The study revealed that most of the respondents had some shortcomings in different areas of their expertise such as limited knowledge of different pest management strategies (e.g. cultural control, biological control, and Integrated Pest Management). The majority (71%) of the respondents chose chemicals as a way for controlling pests, this is a cause of concern as it depicts their limited knowledge of other control methods (e.g. cultural, Integrated Pest Management, and biological) that are used to control pests. A small number of only 3.2% of the respondents knew the role that is played by natural enemies (biological control) in the management of pests. The study had the following recommendations, firstly, there is a need for agricultural extension officers to be regularly trained on pest management so that they can be up to date with new technology on plant protection issues. Secondly, there is a strong need to train agricultural extension officers on how to conduct pest surveillance, this will enable them to detect and manage pests on time.
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Тойжигитова, Баян, and Аяулым Байменова. "Қауын егістіктеріндегі мyiopardalis pardalina зиянкестерімен күресу шаралары, зиянкестің биологиясы мен зияндылығы." Ренессанс в парадигме новаций образования и технологий в XXI веке 1, no. 1 (November 24, 2023): 613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/xxia-ttipr-vol1-iss1-pp613-622.
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Бұл мақалада Қауын шыбынына қарсы қолданылатын агротехникалық және химиялық іс-шаралар, зиянкестің биологиясы мен зияндылығы, зиянкестердің даму циклін зерттеу және инсектицидтердің тиімділігін бағалау болды. Қауын егістіктеріндегі Мyiopardalis pardalina зиянкестерімен күресу шаралары, зиянкестің биологиясы мен зияндылығы 2021-2023 жылдары зерттеу мақсатында қауын шыбындарының ошақтарын жоюдың қолайлы әдістері Түркістан облысы, Отырар ауданы далалық жағдайында зерттелді. Қауын шыбындарының ошақтарын оқшаулау және жою. Зиянды организмнің одан әрі таралуын шектеу, карантиндік фитосанитариялық шараларды қатаң сақтау,тиімділікті бағалау жүргізілді.
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Puspitasari, Mahardika, Purnama Hidayat, Pudjianto ., Marwoto ., and Bambang Tri Rahardjo. "PENGARUH POLA PENGELOLAAN HAMA TERHADAP POPULASI SERANGGA HAMA PADA LAHAN KEDELAI VARIETAS ANJASMORO DAN WILIS." JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 16, no. 1 (April 19, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11625-34.
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Effect of pest management systems to the insect pests population on Anjasmoro and Wilis soybean varieties. The integrated pest management (IPM) is a pest control approach which is based on ecological and economic considerations. The objective of this research was to study the effect of different pest management systems on the insect pest population using two soybean varieties, Anjasmoro and Wilis.The experiments were done in a randomized complete block design, repeated twice. The pest management systems under the different plots were integrated pest management, non-chemical control, chemical control, and the control (which received neither chemicals nor IPM). Observations were made on the pest population and the intensity of the damage caused by primary soybean pests. The primary pests observed were Ophiomya phaseoli, Aphis gossypii, Lamprosema indicata, Spodoptera litura, Bemisia tabaci, Riptortus linearis and Etiella zinckenella. Integrated pest management significantly affect the population of whitefly on Anjasmoro variety but not on Wilis variety. The populations of bean fly, aphid, leaf roller, armyworm, stink bug and pod borer were not affected by pest management system. The lower yield of Anjasmoro variety was attributed to the attack by a viral infection whose disease incidence reached 80% on the plots without a pest management system. IPM management system was more efficient than chemical management system.
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Bailón-Salas, Ana M., Luis A. Ordaz-Díaz, Pablito M. López-Serrano, Monica Y. Flores-Villegas, and Pedro A. Dominguez-Calleros. "Wastewater as a resource for pest control: An overview." BioResources 16, no. 3 (May 14, 2021): 6401–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.3.bailon-salas.
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Pests have a negative impact on the economy and the environment. There is an increased urgency for adequate pest control because many pests show high adaptation and climate change has created favorable circumstances for pests. For pest control, synthetic chemicals are used that are lethal to non-target organisms and are toxic to pollinators and aquatic invertebrates. Chemical compounds in plants and derivatives from lignocellulosic materials act against pests. The wastewater from lignocellulosic biomass is a potential source of new compounds with bactericidal, fungicidal, and pesticidal effects that have demonstrated inhibitory activity against plant pathogens. Fungicidal, nematicidal, insecticidal, larvicidal, and bactericidal activities have been proven. Inorganic and organic compounds, such as phenols, aldehydes, esters, and furanics, are the main ones identified. Due to the antimicrobial activity of wastewater, applying it to the soil can modify the composition and structure of key microbial communities. Deep research about richness, biodiversity, functionality, and microbials is needed. This review provides a comprehensive overview of wastewater types that have been applied and possible sources to obtain potential compounds for pest control. Moreover, associated active compounds, recovery techniques, and environmental impacts are reviewed.
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Ko, Alexander E. "Urban Entomology Highlights From 2020—Monitoring and Control of Urban Pests." Journal of Medical Entomology 58, no. 5 (August 3, 2021): 2012–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjab119.
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Abstract Pest management professionals aim to answer two primary questions for their customers: 1) ‘Where/What is the pest?’ and 2) ‘How do I kill it?’. These two questions drive at the core of any pest management program. 2020 was an exciting year for entomology research, with much work being done on novel technologies and methods for detecting and controlling pests. The objectives of the current publication were to discuss papers published in 2020 that addressed the key pest management objectives of 1) monitoring and 2) controlling pest populations.
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Frizell, John. "Pest control." Nature 493, no. 7431 (January 2013): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/493264a.
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Bennett, Gary, JoeV Selby, Kevin Marsh, G. Vantrappen, K. Geboes, AlanR Aitkenhead, and Gary Bennett. "PEST CONTROL." Lancet 341, no. 8847 (March 1993): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)90497-5.
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Herbers, Joan M. "Pest Control." American Entomologist 44, no. 4 (1998): 254–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ae/44.4.254.
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Yax, Curtis. "Pest Control." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 14, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn141.cy960.
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Rutkiewics, Kathleen. "Pest Control." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 14, no. 2 (June 1, 1985): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn142.kr227.
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