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Tinôco, Ricardo Salles [UNESP]. "Determinação do nível de dano econômico para opsiphanes invirae Hübner, 1808 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) em palma de óleo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143821.
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O óleo de palma destaca-se por ser a principal fonte alimentícia de óleo vegetal liderando a produção mundial seguido da soja. Devido à escassez de estudos básicos para manejo de desfolhadores em palma de óleo, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a resposta fisiológica das plantas sob desfolha e efeito da desfolha na produção, bem como determinar o nível de dano econômico. Esse trabalho mostrou que a injúria artificial com tesoura e natural por lagartas de B. sophorae não resultou em efeitos no processo fisiológico das folhas remanescentes em mudas de híbrido interespecífico (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. X Elaeis oleifera [Kunth, Cortés]) e, provavelmente, as plantas responderam com mecanismos compensatórios evitando assim interromper seus processos fisiológicos evitando a perda de água, mantendo seu processo autotrófico nos tecidos remanescentes. Os resultados mostraram ainda que a desfolha ocasionada pelas lagartas e a mecânica não apresentaram diferenças e que injúrias mecânicas podem ser usadas em estudos de desfolha simulada. Com isso, justificou-se o uso de desfolha artificial para estudar seu efeito sobre a produção. Paralelamente, obteve-se o consumo de área foliar total para larvas de Opsiphanes invirae Hübner, que foi de 286,064 cm2. O nível de dano econômico foi 5,14 e 2,98 lagartas por folha utilizando o produto Dipel® WP e SC, respectivamente para dados de perdas acumuladas em dois anos. Considerando apenas a injúria artificial obtida nas condições da Agropalma, o NDE utilizando Dipel® WP e SC foi de 3,72 e 2,15 lagartas por folha, respectivamente. Os valores atualmente adotados empiricamente para tomada de decisão pelas empresas são superiores aos valores encontrados nesse estudo, mostrando que devem ser revistos.
Palm oil is notable for being the main food source of vegetable oil leading the world production followed by soybeans. Due to the shortage of basic studies for management of palm oil defoliators, this study aimed to evaluate the physiological response of plants under defoliation and effect of defoliation on the production, as well as to determine economic injury level. This work showed that the artificial injury using scissors and natural using B. sophorae larvae did not result in effects to the physiological process of the remaining leaves in interspecific hybrid seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. X Elaeis oleifera [Kunth, Cortés]) and, probably, the plants responded with compensatory mechanisms avoiding interruption of the physiological processes preventing the loss of water, keeping the autotrophic process in the remaining tissues. The results also showed that the defoliation either caused by the larvae or by scissors did not show differences and mechanical injuries can be used in simulated defoliation studies. Thus, this justified the use of artificial defoliation to study its effect on production. At the same time, the consumption of total leaf area was obtained for Opsiphanes invirae Hübner larvae, which was 286.064 cm2 and the level of economic damage to this species in oil palm. The economic injury level was 5.14 and 2.98 larvae per leaf using the product Dipel® WP and SC, respectively, using two-year loss data. Considering only the artificial injury obtained at Agropalma, the economic injury level using Dipel® WP and SC was 3.72 and 2.15 larvae per leaf, respectively. The current values empirically adopted for decision making by companies are higher than the values found in this study, showing that they must be reviewed.
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Ocampo, Duran Alvaro. "High lipid diets based on palm oil for growing-fattening pigs." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270837.
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Tinôco, Ricardo Salles. "Determinação do nível de dano econômico para opsiphanes invirae Hübner, 1808 (Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae) em palma de óleo /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143821.
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Orientador: Odair Aparecido FernandesCoorientador: LeonG. Higley
Banca: Paulo Roberto Silva Farias
Banca: Ivan Carlos Fernandes Martins
Banca: Walkymário de Paulo Lemos
Banca: Alessandra de Jesus Boari
Resumo: O óleo de palma destaca-se por ser a principal fonte alimentícia de óleo vegetal liderando a produção mundial seguido da soja. Devido à escassez de estudos básicos para manejo de desfolhadores em palma de óleo, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a resposta fisiológica das plantas sob desfolha e efeito da desfolha na produção, bem como determinar o nível de dano econômico. Esse trabalho mostrou que a injúria artificial com tesoura e natural por lagartas de B. sophorae não resultou em efeitos no processo fisiológico das folhas remanescentes em mudas de híbrido interespecífico (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. X Elaeis oleifera [Kunth, Cortés]) e, provavelmente, as plantas responderam com mecanismos compensatórios evitando assim interromper seus processos fisiológicos evitando a perda de água, mantendo seu processo autotrófico nos tecidos remanescentes. Os resultados mostraram ainda que a desfolha ocasionada pelas lagartas e a mecânica não apresentaram diferenças e que injúrias mecânicas podem ser usadas em estudos de desfolha simulada. Com isso, justificou-se o uso de desfolha artificial para estudar seu efeito sobre a produção. Paralelamente, obteve-se o consumo de área foliar total para larvas de Opsiphanes invirae Hübner, que foi de 286,064 cm2. O nível de dano econômico foi 5,14 e 2,98 lagartas por folha utilizando o produto Dipel® WP e SC, respectivamente para dados de perdas acumuladas em dois anos. Considerando apenas a injúria artificial obtida nas condições da Ag... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Palm oil is notable for being the main food source of vegetable oil leading the world production followed by soybeans. Due to the shortage of basic studies for management of palm oil defoliators, this study aimed to evaluate the physiological response of plants under defoliation and effect of defoliation on the production, as well as to determine economic injury level. This work showed that the artificial injury using scissors and natural using B. sophorae larvae did not result in effects to the physiological process of the remaining leaves in interspecific hybrid seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. X Elaeis oleifera [Kunth, Cortés]) and, probably, the plants responded with compensatory mechanisms avoiding interruption of the physiological processes preventing the loss of water, keeping the autotrophic process in the remaining tissues. The results also showed that the defoliation either caused by the larvae or by scissors did not show differences and mechanical injuries can be used in simulated defoliation studies. Thus, this justified the use of artificial defoliation to study its effect on production. At the same time, the consumption of total leaf area was obtained for Opsiphanes invirae Hübner larvae, which was 286.064 cm2 and the level of economic damage to this species in oil palm. The economic injury level was 5.14 and 2.98 larvae per leaf using the product Dipel® WP and SC, respectively, using two-year loss data. Considering only the artificial injury ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Verwilghen, Aude. "Rodent pest management and predators communities in oil palm plantations in Indonesia : comparison of two contrasted system." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2042/document.
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La lutte contre les rongeurs est souvent un enjeu majeur dans les agroécosystèmes. Nous avons conduit une étude comparative dans des plantations de palmiers à huile dans les provinces de Riau et de Bangka en Indonésie. Dans les deux zones, des chouettes ont été introduites pour la lutte contre les rats ; toutefois, à Riau les rats sont maintenus à des niveaux de population acceptables sans recours au raticide, tandis qu’à Bangka les dégâts des rats sont très importants et l’usage de raticide intensif. Nous avons comparé ce deux systèmes en terme d’abondance et/ou de régime alimentaire de deux prédateurs, chouettes et petits carnivores. D’après nos résultats, les petits carnivores sont beaucoup plus abondants dans les plantations à Riau qu’à Bangka, et le chat léopard (Prionailurus bengalensis) est absent à Bangka tandis que cette espèce domine à Riau. Nos résultats suggèrent également que la prédation sur les rats par les chouettes et les petits carnivores serait moindre à Bangka qu’à Riau. D’une manière générale, cette étude confirme l’hypothèse selon laquelle les petits carnivores, notamment les chats léopard, joueraient un rôle important dans la lutte contre les rats en palmeraies. Par ailleurs, nous avons analysé la distribution spatiale des petits carnivores en plantation. Nos résultats suggèrent que, bien que l’habitat palmeraie soit largement utilisé la nuit par certains petits carnivores comme le chat leopard, qui y trouve une abondante ressource alimentaire, la plupart des espèces sont dépendantes de la forêt. Les gestionnaires des palmeraies devraient adapter leurs pratiques, afin de favoriser les petits carnivores dans une perspective de lutte contre les ratsRodent pest control is often a major issue in agroecosystems. We conducted a 3-year comparative study (2010-2012) in oil palm plantations in Riau and Bangka provinces, in Indonesia: in both areas barn owls have been introduced for rat control, and were at least as abundant in Bangka plantations than in Riau, but in Riau rat populations have been maintained at an acceptable level without the use of rodenticide, whereas in Bangka intensive rodenticide applications did not prevent high levels of rat damage. We compared these two contrasting systems in terms of predator community (barn owls and small carnivores) abundance and/or diet. We found that small carnivores were much more abundant in Riau plantations than in Bangka, and that the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) was the dominant species in Riau while absent from Bangka. Our results on diet suggested that rat prey intake from barn owls and from the small carnivore community would be less in Bangka plantations than in Riau. Broadly, our results suggest that small carnivores, notably the leopard cat, play an important role in rodent control. In addition, we investigated spatial distribution of small carnivores within the oil palm habitat. Our results support the hypothesis that, although the oil palm may be habitable for some small carnivore species such as the leopard cat, where they supposedly forage at night, most species still need forest for their survival in oil palm landscapes. Oil palm plantations managers should adapt agricultural practices and land-use to enhance small carnivores, with the view to improve rodent control
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Maia, Patricia Surama Parise [UNESP]. "Resistência de genótipos de palma de óleo (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) ao ataque de Opsiphanes invirae Hübner, 1808 (lepidoptera: nymphalidae) no Estado do Pará." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/139437.
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A presente pesquisa teve por objetivos estabelecer uma metodologia para criação de O. invirae e identificar genótipos de palma de óleo que apresentem fontes de resistência a esse inseto, nas categorias por não preferência para alimentação, antibiose e tolerância, sendo esta última baseada na produtividade após simulação de desfolha nas plantas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em laboratório, exceto o teste de tolerância, o qual foi em condições de campo. Para a metodologia de criação, as lagartas foram criadas individualmente em placas de Petri até o quarto ínstar e posteriormente transferidas para recipientes maiores onde permaneceram até a emergência dos adultos. Foram utilizados 5 genótipos de palma de óleo para os testes de não preferência para alimentação, antibiose e tolerância, quais sejam: Deli x LaMe tratamento testemunha, Compacta x Ekona; Deli x Ekona; Compacta x Nigéria e Compacta x Ghana. Os testes com e sem chance de escolha, foram realizados com lagartas de O. invirae recém-eclodidas e com 12 dias de idade. Foram avaliados o consumo e a atratividade a 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 e 30 minutos e 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 e 72 horas, após a liberação dos insetos. No teste de antibiose, as lagartas de O. invirae foram alimentadas com folíolos dos cinco genótipos até o final da fase larval. No teste de tolerância, os genótipos foram submetidos a desfolha simulada, ou seja, 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% e 100%. Avaliando a produção por 14 meses após a desfolha. O ciclo de vida desde o ovo até a emergência do adulto de O. invirae se completou em 64,59 dias. No teste com chance de escolha, os genótipos mais atrativos foram Compacta x Ekona e Compacta x Ghana, enquanto que o Compacta x Nigéria foi o menos atrativo e menos consumido nos dois testes com lagartas recém-eclodidas. No teste sem chance de escolha com lagartas de 12 dias de idade o tratamento Deli x LaMe foi o menos consumido, o Compacta x Ghana, foi o mais consumido em teste com e sem chance de escolha. No entanto no teste de antibiose foram verificados maiores efeitos dos genótipos estudados nas viabilidades do quinto ínstar larval, no período total da fase larval e fase pupal. No teste de tolerância, os genótipos Deli x LaMe e Compacta x Ekona apresentaram os melhores resultados de produtividade. O genótipo Compacta x Nigéria apresenta resistência do tipo não preferência para alimentação a lagartas recém-eclodidas de O. invirae; o genótipo Deli x LaMe apresenta resistência na categoria antibiose e os genótipos mais tolerantes a desfolha simulada são Deli x Lame, Compacta x Ekona e Compacta x Nigéria.
This research aimed to establish a methodology for creating O. invirae and identify genotypes palm oil presenting this insect resistance sources in the categories by not feeding preference, antibiosis and tolerance, the latter being based on productivity simulation after defoliation in plants. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory, but the tolerance test, which was under field conditions. For the creation of methodology, the caterpillars were reared individually in Petri dishes until the fourth instar and then transferred to larger containers where they remained until the emergence of adults. 5 oil palm genotypes were used for the test no preference for food, antibiosis and tolerance, which are: Deli x Lame control treatment, Compact x Ekona; Deli x Ekona; Compact x Nigeria and Compact x Ghana. The tests with and without choice, were carried out with crawler O. invirae newly hatched and 12 days old. They were evaluated consumption and attractiveness to 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes and 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the release of the insects. In antibiosis test, Crawler O. invirae were fed leaflets of the five genotypes by the end of the larval stage. In the tolerance test, the genotypes were simulated peeling, is, 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Evaluating production for 14 months after defoliation. The life cycle from egg to the emergence of O. invirae adult was completed in 64.59 days. In the test free choice, the most attractive genotypes were Compacta x Ekona and Compact x Ghana, while the Compact x Nigeria was the least attractive and least consumed in both tests with newly hatched caterpillars. In the test no choice with caterpillars 12 days old the Deli x Lame treatment was the least consumed, Compact x Ghana, was the most consumed in test and no choice. However the antibiosis test were observed greater effects of the genotypes studied the viability of the fifth instar larvae, the total period of the larval and pupal stage. In the tolerance test, the Deli x Lame and Compact x Ekona genotypes showed the best productivity results. The Compact x Nigeria genotype is resistant type no preference for feeding the newly hatched larvae of O. invirae; the Deli x Lame genotype presents resistance in antibiose category and the most tolerant genotypes simulated defoliation are Delhi x Lame, Compact x Ekona and Compact x Nigeria.
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Nurdiansyah, Fuad [Verfasser], Teja [Akademischer Betreuer] Tscharntke, Kerstin [Gutachter] Wiegand, and Yann [Gutachter] Clough. "Local and Landscape Management of Biological Pest Control in Oil Palm Plantations / Fuad Nurdiansyah. Betreuer: Teja Tscharntke. Gutachter: Kerstin Wiegand ; Yann Clough." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1103656104/34.
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Ribeiro, Rafael Coelho. "Parasitóide de pupas Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): desenvolvimento e reprodução em lepidópteros-praga do dendezeiro." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2010. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3916.
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Previous issue date: 2010-07-22Agropalma - Cia. Refinadora da Amazônia
The African palm or oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a plant of African origin and considered the major industrialized activity in humid areas, similar in Amazon area. The expansion of oil palm, especially in northern region of Brazil, has presented more phytosanitary problems, including the caterpillars defoliating Brassolis sophorae L. Opsiphanes invirae Hübner (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and borers-of-strain Eupalamides cyparissias cyparissias (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae), weeds and more frequent in the State of Pará. This study aimed to evaluate the potential Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in pupae of O. invirae, B. sophorae and E. cyparissias cyparissias under laboratory conditions. This research was conducted in the laboratory of Plant Complex Agropalma in Thailand city, southeast of Pará State in a room temperature of 25 ± 2 ºC, relative humidity of 70 ± 10% and photophase of 12 hours. The potential of parasitism and progeny production of T. diatraeae in pupae of three species of lepidopteran pests on the cultivation of oil palm, showed that this parasitoid was parasite and progeny produced in pupae of defoliating B. sophorae and O. invirae. The second study was evaluated the reproductive features of T. diatraeae in defoliating species of oil palm (B. sophorae and O. invirae). Results showing that the rate of parasitism and progeny emergence of T. diatraeae pupae was similar in both species. The life cycle of T. diatraeae was lower in pupae of O. invirae (21.50 ± 0.42 days) than in B. sophorae (27.60 ± 1.80 days), but the amount of progeny (669.00 ± 89.62) and dead immature (217.13 ± 58.18) were higher in B. sophorae than in O. invirae (447.83 ± 51.52 and 13.50 ± 5.23), respectively. The sex ratio, longevity of females and males of T. diatraeae were similar in both species were tested. In the third study, the influence of T. diatraeae female age with 12-24, 24- 48, 48-72 and 72 to 96 hours of life was assessed in the reproductive performance of parasitoids in pupae of B. sophorae. Female ages did not affect on parasitism rate of T. diatraeae in B. sophorae pupae, but the emergence of progeny was higher in pupae parasitized by females with 48 to 72 and 72 to 96 hours (70 and 60%) than those parasitized by females between 12 and 24 and 24 to 48 hours old with 20 and 20 %, respectively. The age of T. diatraeae affected on fecundity, the number of dead immature and sex ratio of offspring in pupae of B. sophorae. However, the age of females did not affect on the life cycle of the progeny of T. diatraeae with range from 20.0 ± 1.0 days and 23.0 ± 0.0 days, respectively. Different densities did not affect on parasitism of female T. diatraeae, but the rate of emergence and progeny were higher at 30:1 and 20:1 female/host immature parasitoid and the numbers of deaths were lower in density (1:1, 10:1, 20:1 and 30:1 females/host). The period from egg to adult offspring of T. diatraeae was similar at the different densities of females of this parasitoid. The sex ratio of offspring emerged was the lower density with 10:1 female/host. Females and males of T. diatraeae emerged from the pupae parasitized of B. sophorae were larger (body length) at densities of 20:1 and 30:1 and the head capsules of females were higher at 30:1, 20:1 and 40:1 female/host, with similar values in males. Trichospilus diatraeae was parasite and produced progeny in pupae of B. sophorae and O. invirae, but pupae of B. sophorae were more suitable for producing larger number of offspring of this parasitoid. The best period of reproductive females of T. diatraeae parasitoid in pupae of B. sophorae was between 48 to 96 hours of life at a density of 20 or 30 females/host that provides the highest rates of parasitism, emergence and larger individuals of this parasitoid. The parasitoid T. diatraeae has been good potential to control lepidopteran defoliator pests of oil palm.
O dendezeiro ou palma africana (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq.) é uma planta de origem africana e considerada a principal atividade agroindustrial em regiões tropicais úmidas, semelhantes às da Amazônia. A expansão da dendeicultura, em especial na região Norte do Brasil, tem apresentado mais problemas fitossanitários, incluindo as lagartas desfolhadoras Brassolis sophorae L., Opsiphanes invirae Hübner (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) e a broqueadora-da-estirpe Eupalamides cyparissias cyparissias (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae), mais daninhas e freqüentes no Estado do Pará. Esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial de Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) em pupas de O. invirae, B. sophorae e E. cyparissias cyparissias em laboratório. Esta pesquisa foi realizada no laboratório de Fitossanidade do Complexo Agropalma no município de Tailândia, sudeste do Estado do Pará em sala climatizada à temperatura de 25 ± 2 ºC, umidade relativa de 70 ± 10 % e fotofase de 12 horas. O potencial de parasitismo e produção de descendentes de T. diatraeae em pupas de três espécies de lepidópteros daninhos ao cultivo do dendezeiro, mostrou que esse parasitóide parasita e produz progênie, em pupas das desfolhadoras B. sophorae e O. invirae. O segundo estudo avaliou os aspectos reprodutivos de T. diatraeae nas espécies desfolhadoras do dendê (B. sophorae e O. invirae) mostrando que a taxa de parasitismo e emergência da progênie de T. diatraeae foi semelhante em pupas de ambas as espécies. O ciclo de vida de T. diatraeae foi menor em pupas de O. invirae (21,50 ± 0,42 dias) que nas de B. sophorae (27,60 ± 1,80 dias), mas a quantidade de progênie (669,00 ± 89,62) e imaturos mortos 217,13 ± 58,18 foi maior em B. sophorae que em O. invirae (447,83 ± 51,52 e 13,50 ± 5,23), respectivamente. A razão sexual, longevidade de fêmeas e machos de T. diatraeae emergidos foram semelhantes em ambas as espécies dos lepidópteros-praga. No terceiro estudo, a influência da idade de fêmeas de T. diatraeae com 12 a 24, 24 a 48, 48 a 72 e 72 a 96 horas de vida foi avaliada, no desempenho reprodutivo desse parasitóide em pupas de B. sophorae. A idade de fêmeas não afetou a taxa de parasitismo de T. diatraeae em pupas de B. sophorae, porém a emergência da progênie foi maior em pupas parasitadas por fêmeas com 48 a 72 e 72 a 96 horas (70 e 60%) em relação aquelas parasitadas por fêmeas com 12 a 24 e 24 a 48 horas de idade (20 e 20%), respectivamente. A idade de T. diatraeae afetou, também, a fecundidade, o número de imaturos mortos e a razão sexual da progênie em pupas de B. sophorae. No entanto, a idade de fêmeas não afetou o ciclo de vida da progênie de T. diatraeae que variou de 20,0 ± 1,0 dias a 23,0 ± 0,0 dias, respectivamente. As diferentes densidades não afetaram o parasitismo de fêmeas de T. diatraeae, mas a taxa de emergência e a progênie foram maiores nas densidades de 30:1 e 20:1 fêmeas/hospedeiro e a quantidade de imaturos mortos foram menores nas densidades (1:1, 10:1, 20:1 e 30:1 fêmeas/hospedeiro). O período de ovo a adulto da progênie de T. diatraeae foi semelhante nas diferentes densidades de fêmeas desse parasitóide. A razão sexual da progênie emergida foi menor na densidade de 10:1 fêmeas/hospedeiro. Fêmeas e machos de T. diatraeae, emergidos de pupas de B. sophorae parasitadas foram maiores (comprimento do corpo) nas densidades de 20:1 e 30:1 e as cápsulas cefálicas de fêmeas foram maiores nas densidades de 30:1, 20:1 e 40:1 fêmeas/hospedeiro, com valores semelhantes em machos. Portanto, Trichospilus diatraeae parasita e produz progênie em pupas de B. sophorae e O. invirae, mas aquelas pupas de B. sophorae são mais adequadas por produzir maior número de descendentes desse parasitóide. O melhor período reprodutivo de fêmeas de T. diatraeae parasitando pupas de B. sophorae foi entre 48 a 96 horas de vida na com densidade de 20 ou 30 fêmeas/hospedeiro que proporciona maiores taxas de parasitismo, emergência e maior tamanho de indivíduos desse parasitóide. O parasitóide T. diatraeae apresenta potencial para controlar lepidópteros desfolhadores do dendê.
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Raja, Deris Raja Razuan. "Combustion and slow pyrolysis of oil palm stones and palm kernel cake." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2168/.
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Biomass is an important new energy source because it is indigenous to every part of the world, inexpensive and renewable. Malaysia's ability to produce and consistently export a large quantity of high quality palm oil has made it one of the major vegetable oil exporters in the world. By-products and waste from the palm oil mills are generated in significant amounts and mainly consist of empty fruit bunches, oil palm stone, oil palm shell, palm kernel cake and palm oil mill effluent. Some of this waste is currently used as fuel for boilers with low energy efficiency, as a soil conditioner, or in furniture making. There is a significant interest in recovering energy from oil palm shells and extensive research has been carried out in this area in other studies. However, research on energy production from oil palm stone (OPS) and palm kernel cake (PKC) is very limited. Waste from the oil palm industry, especially OPS and PKC, is abundant and could help to meet the energy demand if properly managed. The main objective of this PhD study was to investigate the main characteristics of the thermo-chemical conversion of OPS and PKC. A series of combustion and pyrolysis tests were carried out using OPS and PKC as the raw materials in fixed bed and pilot-scale fluidised bed reactors. In addition, the FLIC modelling code was used to predict key parameters including theoretical solid temperature and gas composition, and to validate the experimental results from fixed bed combustion tests. Pelletisation was also carried out on PKC due to the loose nature and small size of the particles. In the series of pyrolysis tests using OPS and PKC carried out in a fixed bed reactor, the effects of heating rate at the temperature of 700°C on the yields and properties of the pyrolysis products were investigated. The calorific values of the chars obtained from the OPS and PKC were approximately 28 MJ/kg. The properties of the chars produced were similar to bituminous coal in terms of their calorific value and carbon content. The pyrolysis liquids obtained from the OPS and PKC had calorific values of 21-38 MJ/kg. The pyrolysis liquids obtained from OPS were in the form of a homogeneous liquid, whilst that derived from PKC contained more than half as an aqueous fraction. The results from the fixed bed combustion tests showed that the burning rates increased with an increase in the air flow rate. In addition, results from the FLIC code used to simulate the fixed bed combustion of the oil palm stone showed good agreement with the experimental data in terms of predicting the dynamic temperature profiles along the bed height and the flue gas composition. The effect of primary air flowrate and initial bed temperature were the main parameters investigated in the pilot-scale fluidised bed combustion tests. Both the internal temperature and the surface temperature were found to decrease as the primary air flowrate increased. In all tests CO emissions were less than 0.2%. The emissions of SO2 and HCl ranged from 0.02 ppm to 0.05 ppm, significantly below the levels set by legislation. Stable combustion was observed at a bed temperature of 950°C. The most abundant elements found in the ash were Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, S and Si. The variables explored in the pelletisation of PKC were pressure, temperature, fuel moisture content and the effect of binders, which all had significant effects on density and tensile strength. The most favourable conditions for pellet production were found to be a pressure of 9338 psi/64.38 MPa, a temperature of 80-100°C and a fuel moisture content of 7.9%. These pellets had densities of 1184-1226 kg/m3 and tensile strengths of 930-1007 kPa. Adding small amounts of caustic soda (1.5-2.0wt %) to the PKC under these conditions increased the tensile strength to 3055 kPa, whereas starch additives were not found to be effective binders.
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Choong, Chee Guan. "Sustainability in the Malaysian palm oil industry." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589047.
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With a rapidly growing world population, the demand for palm oil is increasing. In 2010, palm oil accounted for 36.5% of the world's vegetable oil production and it is projected to be the leading vegetable oil in the world by 2016. The Malaysian palm oil industry is committed to delivering sustainable palm oil products to its customers. This is being achieved through the establishment of a roadmap identifying strategies and action plans that are priorities for 2009 to 2020. These include the implementation of IS014001 (Environment Management Systems), since 2004, and IS014040 (Life Cycle Assessment), since 2006. The implementation of carbon footprint labelling is currently being carried out as part of continuous improvements for the delivery of sustainable palm oil. The aim of this research was to investigate tools and methods that might be used in the delivery of sustainable Malaysian palm oil. Interviews based on a semi- structured questionnaire were used to identify current practices in the Malaysian palm oil industry. Results from the interviews highlighted the importance of IS014001 and IS014040 implementations in the delivery of sustainable palm oil. Case studies related to IS014001 and IS014040 were used to derive stakeholder needs for sustainable palm oil. These informed the creation of a supply network map that was used to visualisethe Malaysian palm oil industry and the extent of current IS014001 and IS014040 implementations. It was found that neither IS014001 nor ISO 14040 were implemented across the whole supply network. The supply network map was used to frame simulations of parts of the Malaysian palm oil industry system, namely, the plantation, mill and mill-refinery. Early results indicated that computer simulations could be a valuable tool that would complement existing methods such as Environmental Management Systems and Life Cycle Assessment. Simulation models could be populated with real-world data and used to inform policies for Malaysian palm oil production. For better traceability of decision making, considerations would need to be given to the identification of system boundaries, simulation parameters related to stakeholder needs, the capture of operating environments, and risks and uncertainties in the validation of models.
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Lucey, Jennifer Marie. "Insect diversity across rainforest-oil palm ecotones." Thesis, University of York, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547326.
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Nelson, Stephen Peter Connor. "Investigation into aspects of oil palm breeding." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367545.
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Hirbli, Toufic. "Palm oil traceability : blockchain meets supply chain." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117800.
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Thesis: M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program, 2018.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged student-submitted from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 36-38).
There is a current lack of visibility in the transfer of goods from farmers to oil mills, to manufacturers, to retail outlets and finally to the consumer in the palm oil industry. While leading brands have pledged to commit to a 100% sustainable certification, only 19% of global palm oil production is certified as sustainable. Emerging technologies, such as blockchain, a distributed ledger, can transform supply chain traceability as we know it and bring more transparency through the value chain, creating value to stakeholders. From a process perspective, the proposed solution leverages the mass balance, and book and claim traceability models that RSPO has defined. From a technology perspective, the proposed solution leverages blockchain, geospatial imagery classification, and IoT technologies to keep track of the flow of physical goods and sustainable palm oil certificates. From a people perspective, the proposed solution includes a set of incentive models that could be utilized in easing change management efforts.
by Toufic Hirbli.
M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management
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Mepsted, Roger Charles. "Studies on Fusarium wilt of oil palm." Thesis, University of Bath, 1992. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332520.
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Ugye, Rachel Serumun. "Characterization of palm olein (oil) as base oil for biolubricant production." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20321.
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This research work is on the determination of the properties of palm oil as potential base oil for producing bio based lubricants. The samples analysed were obtained from the open markets in the South West, South East and South South zones of Nigeria. Some of the physical and chemical properties such as viscosity, flash point, pour point, cloud point, specific gravity, acid number, noack volatility and aniline point were analysed. The samples were degummed, neutralised and bleached to remove the red colour (carotene) and gummy materials. The bleached samples were tested to determine the above mentioned properties. Comparison of the crude palm oil and the bleached samples with the conventional lubricants Mobil Super SAE20W40 and Mobil gear oil SAE75W90 was made. Finally, it was observed that the crude palm oil and the bleached sample exhibit good lubricating characteristics to be used as base oils for formulation of bio-lubricants. Despite palm oil being a food crop, an abundance of available land and the scale of prospective market demand suggest that commercial cultivation is unlikely to negatively affect food cultivation and the prices of food products.
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Bondan, Widyatmoko. "The Implementation of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil Certification (ISPO):Opportunity for Inclusion of Palm Oil Smallholder in Riau Province." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242760.
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Senteri, Zulkifli Bin. "An econometric analysis of the United States palm oil market /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487262513408123.
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Wang, Wendy Yanling. "Assessment of ant biodiversity in Malaysian (Sabah) oil palm plantations in relation to oil palm age and across spatial scales." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648783.
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Erwinsyah, Erwinsyah. "Improvement of Oil Palm Wood Properties Using Bioresin." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1211880694953-36973.
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Die ausWestafrika stammende Ölpalme (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) ist zur populärsten Kulturpflanze in Südostasien geworden. Als Haupterzeugnisse dieser Pflanze gelten die Öle der Früchte und der Fruchtkerne. Die weltweite Nachfrage nach diesen beiden Haupterzeugnissen nimmt sehr rasch zu. Ursache hierfür ist die breite Anwendungspalette dieser Pflanzenöle, wie z.B. Bratöl, ölbasierte Chemikalien und ölbasierte Nahrungsmittel, Kosmetika, Waschmittel, Biobrennstoff usw. Indonesien und Malaysia sind die Hauptproduzenten und Hauptlieferanten solcher Produkte und decken über 85% des weltweiten Bedarfs. Mit Extensivierung der Ölpalmplantagen sehen sich die Erzeugerländer zunehmend mit ernstzunehmenden Umweltprobleme konfrontiert, da nach Erreichen der wirtschaftlichen Lebenspanne (Umtriebszeit) von 25 Jahren große Mengen an festen, biologischen Abfallstoffe bei der Neubegründung der Bestände anfallen. So sollen z.B. im Jahre 2010 laut Vorhersagen mehr als 20 Mill. Kubikmeter Ölpalmen- Holz jährlich anfallenOil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) becomes the most popular crop, especially in Southeast Asia, than its origin,West Africa. World demand of two main products from this crop (e.g. crude palm oil and palm kernel oil) increases very rapidly, due to very wide ranges use of these vegetable oils for industrial purposes, such as fried oil, oleo-chemical and -food, cosmetics, detergent, biofuel and etc. Indonesia and Malaysia are the main producers and supplying more than 85% of world consumption. On the other hand, due to the economic life span of this popular crop (25 years), the producer countries have been facing a serious environmental problems concerning to the solid biowaste handling of oil palm industry, particularly the oil palm trunk after replanting activity. Starting 2010, it is predicted that more than 20 millions cubic meter biomass from oil palm trunk available annually
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Huntley, Rachel Paula. "Cytokinins and gibberellins in oil palm sex determination." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388546.
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Ahmad, Norzalina. "Essays on the crude palm oil futures market." Thesis, University of Essex, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.573701.
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This thesis contributes to the existing literature by presenting the substantive essays on the Malaysian CPO futures market. In the first essay, the market efficiency test for the long-run, short-run and relative efficiency is applied under both open-outcry and electronic trading systems in the Malaysian Derivatives Markets. The findings reveal that the Malaysian CPO futures market is efficient in the long-run but inefficient in the short-run for both trading systems. The relative efficiency ratio test suggests that the level of inefficiency is higher in the electronic trading system and tends to increase with time to maturity. The second essay examines price discovery by utilizing the cost-of-carry model with incorporating an endogenously convenience yield. This model also is able to detect the market characteristics whether in backwardation or contango. The main result shows that the futures price is the main contributor to the price discovery function in the Malaysian CPO market. Furthermore, the long-run backwardation is significantly exist in the CPO futures market. Another finding reveals the positive CPO convenience yields and its value increases with time to maturity. The third and final essay explores the long memory properties of futures-spot basis and interest cost on market efficiency. The empirical result shows that the CPO futures basis can be characterised by both long memory and structural breaks. Moreover, the interest cost also shows the evidence of the long memory component. These findings are not consistent with unbiasedness hypothesis and therefore, past prices can be used to predict the future spot price. A new finding reveals that the level of persistence in futures basis and interest cost, increases when time to maturity increases.
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Fitzgerald, A. M. "Crystallisation and deposition behaviour of palm oil fractions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599055.
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A model fat system to study the phenomenon of undesired deposition in food fat distribution lines was developed and characterised after consideration of the major triglyceride fractions that were found to be present in core analyses and in related systems exhibiting unwanted crystal formation in palm oil based products and fat blends. The model fat solution utilised was a blend of tripalmitin, the highest melting point triglyceride present in palm oil, and an inert paraffin solvent. A batch crystalliser was commissioned and techniques were developed and validated for sampling the crystallising solution and isolating crystal samples without the introduction of artefacts. Protocols and methods for analysis of crystal samples e.g. particle size distribution were developed and verified. Results from the batch crystallisation experiments indicated that there were two main modes of crystal formation which determined the type and nature of the crystals formed. A deposition flow cell apparatus was commissioned in which the mean flow velocity and coolant temperatures could be varied. A heat flux sensor was incorporated into the flow cell to allow in-situ monitoring of the extent of disposition. The apparatus was designed so that the deposit formed could be monitored visually during deposition and could be readily removed for closer examination of its microstructure. The data from the heat flux sensor in the flow cell was used to generate real-time deposit thickness profiles and fouling rates. Results from the deposition experiments indicated that there are two main modes of deposition. The first occurs at low saturation levels and at a small temperature driving force, where the deposit grows slowly and steadily to reach an asymptote with no evidence of removal, therefore indicating that the deposit is relatively strong in nature. The second type of deposition observed involved rapid growth with frequent removal (sawtooth behaviour) indicating a weaker deposit. This latter type of behaviour was seen predominantly at high concentrations and with large temperature differentials.
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Hitam, Ahmad. "Systems analysis of harvesting of oil palm bunches." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293562.
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Wong, Kien Keong. "Assessment of pollution control in palm oil milling." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46911.
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Sundaresan, Abaya Meenakshi. "Oil palm phenolics suppresses oxidative stress and inflammation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85775.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.Page 122 blank Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Water-soluble Oil Palm Phenolics (OPP), derived from Elaeis guineensis, contains a unique blend of plant phenolics. Recent cell and animal studies have demonstrated positive health benefits in a number of different organ systems, with almost no noticeable side effects. Its efficacy and non-toxicity may be in large part due to several active polyphenolic ingredients, rather than a single one. In this work, some of the coordinated mechanisms through which OPP functions to protect glial cells and chemical systems from oxidative stress and inflammation were studied. The antioxidant effects of OPP were analyzed based on its ability to act as a direct antioxidant against Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), the selective expression of several antioxidant enzymes when added to U-87 astroglial cells, activation of the inherent antioxidants of the body such as glutathione and change in protein expression of activated enzymes such as Heme Oxygenase 1. An image analysis assay was developed to study the effects of OPP on cell size, morphology and phagocytosis of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced inflammation in BV-2 microglial cells. This study was followed by experiments to quantify the reduction of nitrite and anti-inflammatory protein expression changes after addition of OPP in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. The insights gained from the study of OPP mixture led to the experiments for probing the synergistic interactions and biological enhancement activity among the individual components of OPP by using chemical and cell-based assays. The results described in this thesis include several advancements towards the goal of manufacturing process development of Oil Palm Phenolics and are highlighted in the relevant sections.
by Abaya Meenakshi Sundaresan.
S.M.
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Morel, Alexandra C. "Environmental monitoring of oil palm expansion in malaysian borneo and analysis of two international governance initiatives relating to palm oil production." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530061.
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Patel, Preya K. "The relative effects of diets containing structured Triglyceride or palm oil/palm kernel oil on serum lipids and apolipoproteins in men." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1413458729.
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Bourgis, F., Aruna Kilaru, X. Cao, E. Legrand, B. Beauvoit, M. Maucourt, C. Deborde, et al. "Comparison of Transcriptome Changes Associated to Oil Accumulation in Oil Palm Mesocarp and in Oil Seeds." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4867.
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Yuan, Yijun. "Functional study of oil assembly pathway in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fruits." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0158/document.
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Le palmier à huile est la première culture oléagineuse, avec environ 40% de la production mondiale, et son fruit accumule deux huiles de composition très différente dans le mésocarpe et l’amande. Chez les plantes, les acides gras sont assemblés en huile dans le réticulum endoplasmique, ceci par la voie dite de Kennedy à laquelle s’ajoutent des mécanismes d’édition impliquant le métabolisme de la phosphatidylcholine. Nous avons utilisé les outils de la lipidomique pour analyser la variabilité au sein de différentes populations de palmier ainsi que pour caractériser l’accumulation d’huile durant le développement du mésocarpe et de l’amande. Puis, nous avons entrepris de tester, dans le système du double hybride de levure, les interactions entre toutes les enzymes de la voie de Kennedy et celles responsables des mécanismes d’édition, et mis en évidence 241 interactions, dont 132 sont fortes, 73 moyennes et 36 faibles. Ces résultats suggèrent que ces enzymes pourraient s’assembler en complexes supra-moléculaires susceptibles de former des métabolons. Certaines isoformes d’une même enzyme ont des profils d’interaction distincts, ce qui ouvre des perspectives pour de futures recherches. De plus, nous avons caractérisé, par expression fonctionnelle dans un mutant de levure dépourvu de TAG, une acyltransférase présumée (EgWSD1-like) ainsi que les trois formes majeures de diacylglycérol acyltransférases du mésocarpe. EgWSD1-like ne restaure que l’activité de synthèse d’esters de cire dans le mutant, tandis que les trois DGAT complémentent toutes la déficience en TAG du mutant, avec d’apparentes spécificités distinctes vis-à-vis des acides grasOil palm is the highest oil-yielding crop-plant, accounting for approximately 40% of the total world vegetable oil production. The fruit accumulates oil, made of triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules, in both mesocarp and kernel with totally different fatty acid profiles. Fatty acids are assembled into oil through Kennedy pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum, which is complicated by editing processes involving phosphatidylcholine metabolism. To investigate oil assembly in oil palm, we use lipidomics as a tool to analyze different populations of palm to search for TAG structural diversity, and to further characterize changes in lipid content and composition in mesocarp and kernel during fruit ripening. We used yeast two-hybrid system (split ubiquitin) to test protein-protein interactions for almost all the enzymes (32) involved in oil assembly pathway, and we demonstrated 241 interactions, including 132 strong interactions, 73 medium interactions and 36 weak interactions. Our results suggest that all enzymes might assemble into one or several complexes that may form metabolons. In addition, different isoforms of enzymes showed distinct interaction profiles, providing hints for future studies. Moreover, we also characterized the in vivo function of a putative acyltransferase (designated EgWSD1-like) possibly involved in oil assembly and the three major diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) isoforms of palm mesocarp in the mutant yeast H1246, which is devoid of neutral lipid synthesis. EgWSD1-like only shows wax ester synthase activity in yeast, while three EgDGATs all can restore TAG biosynthesis in yeast with different substrate specificities
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Henderson, William John. "Induction of androgenesis in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18911.pdf.
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Salam, Burhanuddin bin Abd. "A systems model for the Malaysian palm oil industry." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283754.
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Okyere-Boateng, George. "Tissue culture response in oil palm : (Elaeis guineensis Jacquin)." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395176.
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Faruk, Aisyah. "The impact of oil palm conversion on tropical amphibians." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8458.
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Agriculturally-altered habitats, especially oil palm plantations, are rapidly dominating the Southeast Asian landscape. Although recent studies have shown reduced species diversity associated with this commodity, data on amphibian diversity are rare. The following thesis explores the impact of oil palm plantations on amphibians in Peninsular Malaysia based on (1) amphibian biodiversity, (2) quality and use of breeding sites, (3) habitat use and (4) parasitism. Contrary to expectation, not all metrics of biodiversity differed between oil palm plantations and secondary forest sites. Amphibian community composition, however, differed greatly between the two habitat types, with oil palm communities being dominated by species known to prosper in disturbed habitats, indicating that the community is currently of limited conservation value. Within plantations, temporary pools were found to serve as important breeding habitats for amphibians so a focused study on the characteristics of these pools was carried out. Although we found differences between pools, the proportion of occupied pools did not differ significantly between plantation and forest sites. I did observe evidence of breeding site preferences of least concern, plantation amphibians, along with habitat partitioning between species, a similar pattern also seen in forest communities. I compared parasite burdens between habitats by screening for the fungus Batrachochytridium dendrobatidis (Bd) and for nematode parasite load. Bd was not detected in any of my samples and there was no difference in nematode loads between habitat types. However, patterns of nematode prevalence was affected by host type, while nematode intensity was dependent on an interaction between host and body size. The final chapter indicates that in terms of parasite, the host environment is the most important. Additionally, differences in host-parasite patterns between habitats indicate a possible underlying problem that rapid biodiversity censuses would be unable to detect.
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Sitinjak, Ade. "Financial Perspective on Sustainability: Palm oil company in Indonesia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-424969.
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This research is conducted to identify the integration of sustainability principles into the business model of Indonesia’s banks’ lending to the palm oil sector and the implementation by the banks’ employees to support the Indonesian government to achieve the sustainability of its palm oil sector. Three of Indonesia’s state-owned banks which are among the world’s largest creditors to the palm oil sector were evaluated using documentary research and semi-structured interviews. Firstly, these banks’ annual reports and sustainability reports from 2017 were evaluated using the business model canvas concept to identify their lending business model to the palm oil sector. Afterward, the sustainability level of each bank’s lending business model to the palm oil sector was assessed using the 4P (Principles, People, Planet, and Profit) framework of corporate sustainability. Moreover, fourteen employees of the banks’ lending department were interviewed to reveal the implementation of the sustainability principles that are integrated into each bank’s lending business model to the palm oil sector at the branch office level. The stakeholder groups that are involved in the banks’ lending to the palm oil sector were also identified using the stakeholder theory perspective on a business model in value creation for sustainability. From this research, it’s revealed that even though the palm oil sector has a significant contribution to these banks’ revenue, none of them has a designated business model in lending to the palm oil sector. These three banks’ lending business models only cover general lending and are not designated only to one particular sector. Nonetheless, these banks have been integrating sustainability principles into their lending regulations to the palm oil sector. However, these sustainability principles are only integrated into the banks’ lending regulations to palm oil companies who apply for specific loan nominals. In contrast, no sustainability principle has been integrated into the banks’ lending regulations to individual palm oil businesses. Furthermore, it’s revealed that the banks’ employees don’t strictly implement the sustainability principles that are integrated into the banks’ lending regulations to the palm oil companies because they prioritize their lending target achievement. The reason is that lending target achievement is one of the important factors for each bank’s head office to decide the annual financial bonus and career development of its employees. Moreover, these banks’ employees also argued that the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) documents are not reliable to represent the sustainability of the debtors’ palm oil businesses because the banks can order their partner-independent consultants to issue the EIA result according to the banks’requests.
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Hashim, Arshad. "Export performance and marketing strategy for Malaysian palm oil." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1994. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU060622.
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This study evaluates the performance of the export marketing strategy for Malaysian palm oil over the period 1980-90, with emphasis on the promotion of this commodity in a large number of importing countries world-wide. The analysis of global data indicates that over this period the average per capita consumption level of oils and fats grew from 13.4 to 15.1 kg/hd, led by soybean oil and followed by palm, rape seed, and coconut oils, tallow and butter. However, the per capita consumption trend of soybean and coconut oils is declining, while there is a positive trend for rapeseed and palm oils, tallow and butter. Regression analysis using 1990 cross-sectional data based on 92 importing countries indicates that there is a significant positive and inelastic income response in per capita consumption of oils and fats, but that the income elasticity of consumption for animal fats is higher than that for vegetable oils. The relationship between per capita consumption of oils and fats types with price was found to be negative. The only significant relationship between per capita consumption of oil types and price is with palm oil. Between 1982 and 1990, vegetable oils accounted for 78 per cent of world trade in oils and fats, led by palm, soybean, rapeseed and sunflower oils. Malaysian palm oil accounted for 21 per cent of the total oils and fats trade in 1982-90. Based on market share analysis, the export gains for Malaysian palm oil came mainly from the general expansion of demand for oils and fats, particularly in developing countries, and to the lesser extent from the market reorientation and competitiveness effects. The contribution of promotional efforts was evaluated using import demand and promotion model for Malaysian palm oil. Promotional efforts were measured by estimated costs of overseas trips and familiarisation programmes, and a binary variable for ministerial visits.
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Supramaniam, Christina V. "Molecular interaction between Ganoderma boninense and young oil palm." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33689/.
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Oil palm is an important crop to the economy of Malaysia and Indonesia. There have been considerable efforts to improve crop quality of crop to meet the growing demands for edible oil in the world. However, the threat of pests and diseases in Malaysian oil palm has increasingly challenged the production of crude palm oil, sometimes to the point of driving plantations to closure and conversion of estate land for commercial development. The most devastating disease in oil palm is basal stem rot (BSR), caused by the root-rot pathogen Ganoderma boninense. The disease has been observed in both young and mature oil palm and in both inland and coastal plantations. Epidemiology of BSR was explained through infection by spores and by mycelium from previously infected oil palm and coconut stands, and the presence of G. boninense in the basal stem and soil surrounding infected palms. The life cycle of G. boninense could extend to years as the fungus can remain as resting structures in palm tissues and as recalcitrant spores spread by wind and rain splash in estates. Shade house trials have been successful in producing artificially infected Ganoderma-oil palm BSR symptoms. However, the current method uses oil palm seedlings of three to 12 months and involves inoculation with G. boninense that has pre-colonised a rubber wood block for one month. This method requires a minimum of six months to observe BSR-like symptoms, a time consuming effort. The aim of this work was to develop an efficient artificial infection assay that uses clonal oil palm plantlets as hosts for BSR disease through the inoculation of G. boninense isolate GBLS. The experiment was set up with treatments of T1: non-treatment control, T2: wounded plant control and T3: wounded and GBLS-infected plants. During the incubation period of 42 days, T3 plants consistently showed significant stunting (5.18% and 13.41% shorter than T1 and T2, respectively) and loss of weight (57.58% and 61.00% lighter than T1 and T2, respectively). The T3 plants also had significantly thinner leaves (38.70% and 37.71% narrower than T1 and T2, respectively) and lower chlorophyll contents (42.95% and 64.88% lower SPAD readings than T1 and T2, respectively). Disease severity on the T3 plants was 100% by 6 weeks, indicating death of oil palms. The quantity of GBLS DNA present in T3 samples was highest at Day 14, corresponding to the active growth phase of the pathogen, while on Day 42, the quantity of DNA increased to 13.58% of Day 14 readings, indicating continuous growth in vivo. The method developed was time-sensitive and reliable for screening oil palm for response during the plant-pathogen interaction. The work examined the hypothesis that G. boninense utilizes lignin degrading enzymes (LDEs) such as laccase, lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) to breakdown oil palm lignin, causing primary cell, tissue and stem rot. Therefore, the role of laccase was investigated during the interaction in otherwise symptomless oil palm tissues. A small gene fragment (208 bp) of laccase was isolated from total DNA of G. boninense GBLS and sequencing showed it to contain 89% homology to basidiomycete laccase. GBLS reduced the total lignin content of oil palm in T3 plants (48.86% and 53.18% lower than T1 and T2, respectively). However, neither laccase nor MnP enzymes were produced in significantly higher amounts in T3 as compared to T1 and T2, indicating the need to differentiate the presence of plant and fungal laccases. Transcript abundance for GBLS laccase gene using qPCR indicated that laccase was induced during the interaction, with maximum laccase detected on Day 28. However, this did not place laccase as a virulence factor although the presence of higher amounts of laccase towards the end of the experiment corresponds to loss of lignin and plant death. Therefore, laccase and other LDEs need further investigations to be confirmed as virulence factors. This work reports a novel infection assay for G. boninense interaction with oil palm and was the first study to have investigated the role of G. boninense laccases in the devastating BSR disease.
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Tagoe, Sheila M. A. "Effect of mycotoxigenic microorganisms on palm fruits and palm oil produced at the cottage industry level." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503918.
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Oilseeds are e the group of crops that store energy in the form of oil. Tliey form a ery important component of tropical agriculture, because they are readily available and provide highly nutritious human and animal food. The oilseeds also irve as an important source of energy and act as carriers of fat-soluble vitamins. About 71 percent of edible oils and fats are derived from plant sources as oilseeds. Tecnnological advances have made it possible for one processing of non-food products using oilseeds as raw material. About forty different oilseeds are reported to have the potential for food uses but the most significant ones in the world's edible / non-edible oil supply include coconut, corn, cotton, oil palm, peanut, rapeseed, rice, safflower, sesame, soybean and sunflower. To achieve the objectives of the study, various preparatory experiments were conducted using molecular biology methods. Results obtained showed that DNA extraction from palm fruits and oil samples was successful with different methods being optimal for different materials; glass beads for pelleted microbes derived from oil palm fruit surface washes, liquid nitrogen for microbial cultures and Proteinase K for oil samples. Results on the free fatty acid and microbial contamination of the samples also showed that the good-grade oils contain microbes some of which may have the potential of producing toxin.
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Lieb, Veronika Maria [Verfasser]. "Development and characterisation of palm oil and palm fat substitutes of sustainable resources / Veronika Maria Lieb." Düren : Shaker, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1190525917/34.
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Lieb, Veronika [Verfasser]. "Development and characterisation of palm oil and palm fat substitutes of sustainable resources / Veronika Maria Lieb." Düren : Shaker, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2019071407145471355956.
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Wilkinson, Michael Joseph. "Circadian control of isoprene emissions from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis)." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441126.
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Hishamuddin, Elina. "Partitioning of triacylglycerols in the fractional crystallisation of palm oil." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14091.
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Palm oil is industrially fractionated on a large scale to yield a liquid olein (OL) product composed primarily of low melting triacylglycerols (TAGs) and a solid stearin (ST) product primarily of high melting TAGs. The physical and chemical properties of these fractionated products differ greatly from the original oil, and have added value. The aim of the work presented in this thesis is to study the partitioning of TAGs during the fractional crystallisation of palm oil and how this relates to their theoretical thermodynamic driving forces for crystallisation. Palm oil was studied under isothermal, non-isothermal and postcrystallisation stepwise remelting conditions. Filtered OL and ST products from the experiments were analysed for their TAG compositions by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Raw composition results showed fully saturated TAGs partitioning significantly to the ST phase, but little difference was observed in the compositions of the more unsaturated TAGs between the OL and ST (it would be expected that these would naturally concentrate in the OL). These observations are attributed to high levels of entrained liquid in the filter retentate, which has also been previously reported in the literature. A correction method based on the assumption that no triunsaturated TAGs should be able to crystallise to any significant extent was proposed to recalculate "true" ST compositions. These calculations indicated very high levels of entrainment (with the retentate possessing more liquid than solid), with typically only about 10% of palm oil TAGs crystallising despite forming a thick slurry. Although this assumption has not been directly verified, the corrected compositions showed behaviour that was very consistent with that which would be expected from thermodynamic driving force considerations. In the isothermal and non-isothermal studies conducted, the corrected ST composition revealed that PPP and other saturated TAGs showed the fastest transformation into the ST phase, followed by POP and other monounsaturated TAGs which predominated only once the saturated TAGs had been depleted from the OL phase. Slightly higher concentrations of PPP were achieved at higher isothermal temperatures (in isothermal studies) and lower cooling rates (in non-isothermal studies). Remelting studies on palm oil revealed that the melting process was largely dominated by trisaturated TAGs. This work has also demonstrated that the Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM) technique was capable of detecting particle size and population numbers within the crystallising palm oil system and is a useful probe for detecting multiple events occuring in the crystalliser such as nucleation, melting, agglomeration and deagglomeration.
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Buchanan, Andrew Grier. "Molecular genetic analysis of Fusarium wilt resistance in oil palm." Thesis, University of Bath, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301962.
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Miller, Robert Neil Gerard. "The characterization of Ganoderma populations in oil palm cropping systems." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283672.
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Paul, Tabu Cleopas. "Fusarium wilt of oil palm : studies on resistance and pathogenicity." Thesis, University of Bath, 1995. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296329.
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Hasan, Ghanaim. "The potential therapeutic role of palm oil on prostate cancer." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7256.
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Magister Scientiae (Medical Bioscience) - MSc(MBS)Prostate cancer is one of the heterogeneous groups of neoplastic diseases originating from the reproductive system of the male naming, the prostate gland. In the west, prostate cancer is the most common cancer affecting African men in older age (over the age of 55) and usually with a family history of the disease. The initiation and progression of this disease is thought to result from the genetic alterations of gene expression in the prostate epithelial cells. Prostate cancer has a very slow progression. This observation provides the advantage of early detection and the notion for using diet to prevent the cellular and molecular processes of carcinogenesis. Epidemiological research has documented a positive health role for red palm oil on atherosclerosis, arterial thrombosis and several types of cancers. This thesis focuses on investigating the effect of different concentrations of the red palm oil (0.1, 1, 10, 100, 500, 1 000 μg/ml) on malignant (LNCaP) prostate cells and benign (PWR-1E) prostate cells over 24 and 72- hours. The following parameters were investigated: cell morphology and viability (using MTT assay), the expression of androgen receptors and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) via RT-PCR and/or PSA ELISA kit. The results of this study demonstrate that red palm oil has significant cytotoxic effects on malignant (LNCaP) prostate cells but caused only a slight decrease in cell viability of benign (PWR- 1E) prostate cells. Morphologically, we noted a clear increase in detachment and cell death in malignant (LNCaP) cells as the concentrations of red palm oil increased. Moreover, the viability decreased significantly in both 24 and 72-hour treatment of red palm oil. Further to this, red palm oil significantly promoted the reduction of total PSA concentration in malignant (LNCaP) prostate cells whereas in benign (PWR-1E) prostate cells the Red Palm Oil maintained the total serum PSA at its basal physiological level. In conclusion, red palm oil is significantly cytotoxic to malignant (LNCaP) prostate cells whereas weakly cytotoxic effect toward benign (PWR-1E) prostate cells. The potent inhibition to mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity is responsible for the aforementioned effects respectively. The decrease in total serum PSA demonstrate the strong therapeutic effects that red palm oil has on malignant (LNCaP) prostate cells
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Senteri, Zulkifli Bin. "An econometric analysis of the United States palm oil market." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392718329.
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Sulaiman, Abdul Muis. "Tap Dancing Around Sustainability:The Case of Palm Oil Key Stakeholders." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295876.
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The Swedish Initiative on Sustainable Palm Oil in food and cosmetic and detergent industries hasemerged in 2014 following other EU national initiatives. This thesis project aims to explore thecondition of the initiative by examining who the key important stakeholders are and how these palmoil key stakeholders in Swedish market develop and implement their Sustainable Palm OilInitiatives. A qualitative approach using case study technique is used to guide the study andsupported by a combination of several theoretical frameworks, such as stakeholders’ theory and thevalue chain concept to address the research questions. Rooted from six organizations as study cases,the study found that the key important stakeholders for these organizations in developing andimplementing the initiatives are retailers, suppliers, consumers, trade associations, and Non-Governmental Organizations. Furthermore, the study also found that these six organizations useethical sourcing tool based on Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil certification scheme toimplement the Initiative in their respective member companies. As authorisers, the Swedish FoodFederation and the Swedish Cosmetics, Detergents and Toiletries Association developed Palm OilWorking Group and a simple platform for their member companies both in Swedish food andcosmetic and detergent industries in order to spread and manage the initiative. Världsnaturfonden,on the other hand serves as an external influencer that conducts lobbying and facilitations to supportSwedish companies to use certified segregated palm oil products to drive responsible palm oilproduction. The results show that Kicks, Croda, and Fazer facilitate the operationalization of ethicalsourcing initiative throughout their primary and supporting value chain activities. In addition,intertwined relationship between upstream and downstream parts of palm oil supply chain networksinfluences the outcome of the Swedish Initiative on Sustainable Palm Oil in spreading the initiativetoward market transformation in Sweden.
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Ma, Wei, Que Kong, Vincent Arondel, Aruna Kilaru, Philip D. Bates, Nicholas A. Thrower, Christoph Benning, and John B. Ohlrogge. "WRINKLED1, A Ubiquitous Regulator in Oil Accumulating Tissues from Arabidopsis Embryos to Oil Palm Mesocarp." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4753.
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WRINKLED1 (AtWRI1) is a key transcription factor in the regulation of plant oil synthesis in seed and non-seed tissues. The structural features of WRI1 important for its function are not well understood. Comparison of WRI1 orthologs across many diverse plant species revealed a conserved 9 bp exon encoding the amino acids “VYL”. Site-directed mutagenesis of amino acids within the ‘VYL’ exon of AtWRI1 failed to restore the full oil content of wri1-1 seeds, providing direct evidence for an essential role of this small exon in AtWRI1 function. Arabidopsis WRI1 is predicted to have three alternative splice forms. To understand expression of these splice forms we performed RNASeq of Arabidopsis developing seeds and queried other EST and RNASeq databases from several tissues and plant species. In all cases, only one splice form was detected and VYL was observed in transcripts of all WRI1 orthologs investigated. We also characterized a phylogenetically distant WRI1 ortholog (EgWRI1) as an example of a non-seed isoform that is highly expressed in the mesocarp tissue of oil palm. The C-terminal region of EgWRI1 is over 90 amino acids shorter than AtWRI1 and has surprisingly low sequence conservation. Nevertheless, the EgWRI1 protein can restore multiple phenotypes of the Arabidopsis wri1-1 loss-of-function mutant, including reduced seed oil, the “wrinkled” seed coat, reduced seed germination, and impaired seedling establishment. Taken together, this study provides an example of combining phylogenetic analysis with mutagenesis, deep-sequencing technology and computational analysis to examine key elements of the structure and function of the WRI1 plant transcription factor.
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Chee, Tahir Aidil Bin. "A systematic approach to sustainability metrics : palm oil production as a case study." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670180.
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Ani, Farid Nasir Hj. "The utilisation of palm oil and its solid waste products as fuel." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270338.
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Zainal, Zaida. "How can palm oil be modified to give improved dietary benefits?" Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55523/.
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Bovine chondrocyte cell cultures represent an experimental system that can be used to study arthritis in vitro and this was used in the work reported here. The relative effectiveness of different fatty acids in reducing inflammatory responses was studied using these cultures. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) proved to be most effective n-3 PUFA compared to docosahexaenoic (DHA) or alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), in suppressing the levels of mRNA for pro-inflammatory proteins (COX-2, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, TNF-1alpha), aggrecanases (ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-3 and MMP-13) in the bovine monolayer cultures which had been induced by IL-1alpha. Arachidonic acid (AA), an n-I6 PUFA, had no effect on these mRNA levels. Similarly, hydrolysed palm olein had no consistent affect, showing that neither of these fatty acid preparations could be regarded as anti-inflammatory. Microscopic examination of the cells in culture showed some evidence for destructive effects on IL-1alpha stimulation and this was reduced by EPA. Moreover, this was confirmed when GAG release was examined. The latter was increased by IL-1alpha exposure and this was reduced by n-3 PUFAs with EPA being the most effective. To increase the potential value of palm olein products, the n-3 PUFAs, alpha-linolenic acid and EPA were incorporated into palm olein through lipase-catalyzed interesterification reactions. Palm olein, which had been modified with EPA, was tested for its anti-inflammatory properties. It was found to reduce GAG release, and the levels of mRNA for various inflammatory proteins (COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta) and the proteinase ADAMTS-4. These results showed that it is possible to modify palm olein by interesterification to yield an oil with improved nutritional properties.