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Journal articles on the topic 'Pests of oil palm'
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Situmorang, Lamhot, and Fristi Riandari. "Expert System Mediagnosa Hama On Phon Oil With Certainty Factor Method." Journal Of Computer Networks, Architecture and High Performance Computing 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/cnapc.v2i2.416.
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The process of palm oil culture is influenced by various factors, one of which is the pest and disease factors. Generally the problem of farmers differentiating pests and diseases, this is dyed most of the farmers lack information and rely on the experience of other farmers to overcome the existing pest and disease problems. In handling pests and diseases, it is necessary to have a farmer consilant who is able to diagnose pests and diseases on oil palm trees. In this study, an expert system for diagnosing pests and diseases in palm tree plants, as well as providing various solutions for pests or diseases. The method used in this expert system is the Certainty Fators method. Certainty Method The factors was chosen because this method is suitable in the process of determining the identification of pests and diseases and the result of this application is the percentage of the system. The percentage is influenced by the CF value obtained from the system, the percentage of expert system consultations is taken from the highest yield as an alternative to other pests or diseases that attack oil palm tree crops.
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Cahya, Andi Nur, Iin Arsensi, and Purwati Purwati. "Identifikasi Jenis dan Tingkat Serangan Hama Pada Pembibitan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensi Jacq) di PT. Sentosa Kalimantan Jaya, Kabupaten Berau Provinsi Kalimantan Timur." Agrifarm : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian 8, no. 1 (September 3, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/ajip.v8i1.527.
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Identification of Types and Levels of Pests Attack on Palm Plantation Seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) at PT. Sentosa Kalimantan Jaya, Berau District East Kalimantan Province. Under the guidance of Iin Arsensi and Purwati. This study aims to determine the types of pests that attack oil palm seedlings, the frequency and intensity of oil palm pest attack on the Main Nursery stage nursery. The research was arranged in Survey method, determining 5 research plots in one block diagonally by marking on each plot with plastic marker of seeds, so obtained 15 research plots contained in 3 block that is block J, I and D. Each research plot consists of 30 Oil palm seedlings so that the number of observed 450 seeds of oil palm. The results showed that the types of pests that attack the oil palm seedlings in Main Nursery are Tungau (Tetranychus piercei), Adoretus compressus Beetle, and Locusta migratoria manilensis (Locusta migratoria manilensis); Block Frequency A pest attack in the category of minor attacks is 51.33%, 24% attack, while the intensity of pest attacks is a mild attack category; Frequency of Block I attack of pests in light attack category is 49,33%, moderate attack 37,33%, heavy attack 2%, while intensity of pest attack moderate attack category; Frequency of Block D attack of pest in light attack category is 41,3%, moderate attack 41,3%, severe attack 7,3%, while intensity of pest attack moderate attack category;
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Tawakkal, Muhammad Iqbal, Damayanti Buchori, Akhmad Rizali, Adha Sari, and Pudjianto Pudjianto. "Parasitoid Diversity and Host-Parasitoid Interaction in Oil Palm Plantations with Different Management System." Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 23, no. 1 (July 3, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.31232.
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Parasitoids play an important role in controlling pests, including pests of oil palm. To maximize biological control technique using parasitoids, interactions between pests and parasitoids need to be studied. This research aimed to study parasitoid diversity and host-parasitoid interaction in oil palm plantation with the different management system. The field research was conducted in oil palm plantation own by smallholder and company (PT Humusindo) in Jambi. Sampling insects was conducted by collecting pests (parasitoid host) on oil palm trees with age of four years old. Eggs, larvae, and pupae of the pests were taken directly by hand then reared in the laboratory to know their parasitoids. Pests and parasitoids emerged were identified up to morphospecies or species level. A total of 176 lepidopteran pests consisting of 15 morphospecies and 6 families, and 650 parasitoids consisting of 21 morphospecies and 12 families have been collected. Nine morphospecies of pests from 25 individuals were found in smallholder plantation and 14 morphospecies of pests from 151 individuals in company plantation. Eight morphospecies of 26 parasitoids were found in smallholder plantations and 8 morphospecies of 624 parasitoids in the company plantation. The interaction structure between pests and parasitoids is more complex in the company plantation than in smallholder plantations. Family Braconidae and Ichneumonidae are the most parasitoids found and associated with nettle caterpillars. The different of the management system of oil palm plantation did not affect the diversity and abundance of pests as well as their parasitoids in oil palm plantations.
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Gerritsma, W., and M. Wessel. "Oil palm: domestication achieved?" Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 45, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v45i4.506.
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The natural habitat of the oil palm comprises very wet and relatively dry niches in the lowland rain forest in West and Central Africa. The domestication of the oil palm started with the extraction of fruits from wild forest resources. When forests were cleared for shifting cultivation, oil palms were not felled and in the subsequent regeneration period they obtained a favourable position resulting in semi-wild palm groves. Thinning of groves gave rise to semi-permanent or permanent intercropping systems of palms and food crops. After the transfer of oil palm to SE Asia in the 19th century, a mono-crop oil palm evolved. Its success was based on a favourable climate, breeding, improved cultivation and processing practices and the absence of major pests and diseases. The high-yielding production systems are sustainable at high input levels and pollution can be kept within acceptable limits. Oil yields and production costs compare favourably to those from other oil crops. The domestication of oil palm for oil yield so far can be considered as a success story. Physiological studies indicate that there is still considerable scope for further increase in yield. The adaptation of oil palm to new environments will continue and produce diversification puts new demands on domestication. This paper reviews the different stages in the domestication process especially adaptation to plantation agriculture, the simultaneous genetic improvement, and the prospects of reaching full yield potential in different environments.
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Widihastuty, Widihastuty, Maryani C. Tobing, Marheni Marheni, and Retna A. Kuswardani. "Microhabitat Characteristics of Myopopone Castanea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Oil Palm Plantation." International Journal of Entomological Research 7, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/entomol.007.01.2731.
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Ants are social insects which widespread and play many important roles in an ecosystem. Myopopone castanea ants are a predator for the pre-adult stage of pest Oryctes rhinoceros which is one of the important pests in oil palm plantations. At the oil palm plantations, M. castanea and pre-mature stadia from pests O. rhinoceros live on decaying palm oil stems. This study aimed to explore the presence and the microhabitat characteristics of M. castanea ant in oil palm plantation so that mass rearing of M. castanea ants can be carried out in the laboratory to support the natural enemy augmentation program in biological control of O. rhinoceros pest. The exploration of ant nests was carried out in two plantation locations: smallholder oil palm plantations in Tanah Merah sub-district, Binjai Selatan Subdistrict, Binjai and PTPN 2 and PTPN 4 in Deli Serdang and Serdang Bedagai districts, North Sumatra Province. The results showed that the colonies of M. castanea in both of plantations vary greatly in the size of the number and stage of the ant development stage. Average of abiotic factors in the microhabitat of M. castanea ants in PTPN plantation (t = 29.7 0C, Rh = 70%, pH = 6.03 and C / N ratio = 66.18%), while for smallholder plantation (t = 29.1 0C, Rh = 70.9%, pH = 6.39 and C / N ratio = 69.01%). A suitable abiotic environment will support life and mass rearing of M. castanea ant colonies.
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Rasywir, Errissya, Rudolf Sinaga, and Yovi Pratama. "Analisis dan Implementasi Diagnosis Penyakit Sawit dengan Metode Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)." Paradigma - Jurnal Komputer dan Informatika 22, no. 2 (September 10, 2020): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/p.v22i2.8907.
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Jambi Province is a producer of palm oil as a mainstay of commodities. However, the limited insight of farmers in Jambi to oil palm pests and diseases affects oil palm productivity. Meanwhile, knowing the types of pests and diseases in oil palm requires an expert, but access restrictions are a problem. This study offers a diagnosis of oil palm disease using the most popular concept in the field of artificial intelligence today. This method is deep learning. Various recent studies using CNN, say the results of image recognition accuracy are very good. The data used in this study came from oil palm image data from the Jambi Provincial Plantation Office. After the oil palm disease image data is trained, the training data model will be stored for the process of testing the oil palm disease diagnosis. The test evaluation is stored as a configuration matrix. So that it can be assessed how successful the system is to diagnose diseases in oil palm plants. From the testing, there were 2490 images of oil palm labeled with 11 disease categories. The highest accuracy results were 0.89 and the lowest was 0.83, and the average accuracy was 0.87. This shows that the results of the classification of oil palm images with CNN are quite good. These results can indicate the development of an automatic and mobile oil palm disease classification system to help farmers.
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S. Sadakathulla. "NEEM PRODUCTS AGAINST COCONUT INSECT PESTS." CORD 9, no. 02 (June 1, 1993): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v9i02.270.
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Three field experiments were conducted to find out the efficacy of neem products against the damage of rhinoceros beetle to coconut palm and termite damage to coconut palm and plaited leaves. The application of cither neem seed powder + sand (1:2) or neem seed kernel powder + sand (1:2) @ 150 g mixture per palm in the bases of three leaf axils in the crown, were found more effective against rhinoceros damage. Spraying of neem oil 5% or neem seed kernel extract 20% from the base and up to, 2 m height on the truck protected the palm from termites. Spraying with copper sulphate 1% and‑then neem oil 5% or copper sulphate 1% and then neem seed kernel extract 20% on plaited coconut leaves was found efficacious in protecting plaited coconut leaves for more than six months even when the plaited leaves were kept on the bare ground having persistent live termite colony throughout the year.
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Fadhillah, Muhammad Arif, Nur Ariyani Agustani, and Jurlaili Irni. "PENGARUH VARIASI KERAPATAN SPORA Beauveria bassiana DAN KONSENTRASI LCPKS TERHADAP MORTALITAS LARVA Oryctes rhinoceros." Jurnal Agro Estate 3, no. 2 (December 17, 2019): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47199/jae.v3i2.95.
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Oryctes rhinoceros beetle is one of the pests that attacksimmature oil palm plants.This pest attacks oil palm plants in larvae or imago phase. This pest is usually damaging the respiratory roots, trunk bark, dry petiole,or periphery crown of oil palm leaves which can interferes the leaf growth and finally reduce the production even collapse the tree. Chemically pest control have the positive impact with faster pest death beside the negative impacts such as resistance, resurgence, disturbing human health and also environmental and ecosystem pollution. Biological control is one alternative pest control that is safe for the environment and can reduce chemical residues in agricultural products and environment. This study was conducted in Medan Denai district on July – Agustus 2019. This study aimed to determine the effect of the use of Beauveria bassiana and palm oil mill effluent to control Oryctes rhinoceros larvae. The method used in this study is a two factorial randomized block design (RBD), with 2 replications. The results of this study showed that the best density of Beauveria bassiana spores in controlling Oryctes rhinoceros larvae was 109 spores / ml and 50ml LCPKS (I2Q2) with death time of 40 hours, daily mortality 60%, total mortality 100%.
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Gani, Muhammad Abdul, Rusli Rustam, and Herman Herman. "Uji Kemampuan Pemangsaan Predator Eocanthecona furcellata Asal Riau pada Mangsa Ulat Api Setora nitens di Laboratorium." Jurnal Agroteknologi 10, no. 1 (August 31, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/ja.v10i1.4309.
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Oil palm is a major agricultural product and a mainstay sector as a source of income for people in Riau Province. Oil palm cultivation is inseparable from the pest attack Setora nitens. Control measures generally use synthetic insecticides. There needs to be an alternative in the control caterpillar pests fire Setora niten such as using the predator Eocanthecona furcellata. The objectives of this research were to obtain the predation rate and predation power of the predator Eocanthecona furcellata from Riau in control caterpillar pests fire Setora nitens at oil palm cultivation. The research was conducted in the laboratory of Plant Pest, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University. This study consisted of 5 treatments with 5 replications so obtained 25 experimental units were placed in a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments were A: 1 male, B: 1 female, C: 1 pair, D: 2 pairs, and E: 3 pairs of predator Eocanthecona furcellata. The results showed that the duration of prey handling of one caterpillar larva fire Setora nitens by predator Eocanthecona furcellata occurred for 3.18-6.24 hours. The treatment of three pairs of imago predators Eocanthecona furcellata is the best treatment, with a faster rate of predation and can prey on 66.00% of caterpillar fire.
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T. I., Aneni, Adaigbe V. C., Ogbebor C. O., Okere C. I., and Aghayedo C. O. "Impact of Weather Factors on Coelaenomenodera elaiedis MLK (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Nigeria." Journal of Biotechnology Research, no. 68 (October 31, 2020): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jbr.68.115.128.
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The leaf miner (Coelaenomenodera elaeidis) is a major pest of the oil palm. It breaks out in epidemic proportions periodically, resulting in severe leaf defoliation and consequently low fresh fruit bunch (FFA) yield. This study analyses temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and leaf miner abundance records sampled in oil palm fields between 1976 and 1980 in the main station of the Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR). Data for temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity were obtained from NIFOR meteorological station. Mathematical relationships between the insect stages (larva, pupa, and adult) and weather factors (rainfall and temperature) were developed indicating that pest predictions can be made for different leaf miner stages using their corresponding model equations giving specific values for rainfall and temperature. Variations in the seasonal patterns of temperature and rainfall are of major significance as a cue to timing leaf miner abundance and would help in making better decisions regarding where farmer action can target pest control interventions, thereby contributing to ensure food security. The need for continuous monitoring has great potential for detection and control of insect pests in oil palm growing areas.
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Maluin, Farhatun Najat, Mohd Zobir Hussein, and Abu Seman Idris. "An Overview of the Oil Palm Industry: Challenges and Some Emerging Opportunities for Nanotechnology Development." Agronomy 10, no. 3 (March 4, 2020): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030356.
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The increase in the world’s oil demand due to the rise of the global population urges more research into the production of sustainable vegetable oilseeds, among which palm oil is the most suitable candidate as it is the most efficient oilseed crop in the world. In an effort to drive the oil palm industry in the areas of food safety and security nanotechnology could offer a sustainable alternative. However, the utilization of nanotechnology in the oil palm industry is still limited. In this review, we aim to encourage the researchers to fully utilize nanotechnology as an alternative solution to tackle the challenges faced by the oil palm industry. Moreover, we also aim to highlight the opportunities for nanotechnology development in oil palm-based related research. The major points are as follows: (1) Nanosensing enables real-time monitoring of plantation status and crop progression, including soil, water and nutrient management, early pest/disease detection, and the spreading of pests/diseases. The use of nanosensing conveniently extends into advanced breeding topics, such as the development of disease-tolerant plants; (2) Nanotechnology could be the answer for the development of integrated management of pest and disease. Active agricultural ingredients can be entrapped or encapsulated into nanocarrier systems to improve their solubility, stability, enhance their efficient delivery to site-specific targets, with longer shelf life, and consequently improved efficacy; (3) Valuable nanomaterials can be isolated and generated from oil palm biomass waste. The utilization of oil palm biomass waste could overcome the issue of the massive production of waste in the oil palm industry and palm oil mills, where oil only accounts for 10% of the biomass, while 90% is comprised of the generated biowastes. (4) Palm oil can be utilized as a green alternative as a capping and stabilizing agent in the biosynthesis of metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles. In addition, nanoemulsion formulations using palm oil in drug delivery systems offer advantages such as low toxicity, enhance bioavailability and solubility of the drugs, apart from being inexpensive and environmentally friendly.
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KING, PATRICIA JIE HUNG, CHONG MING SU, YEE MIN KWAN, ZAKRY FITRI AB AZIZ, and KIAN HUAT ONG. "Minimum Effective Dose of Chlorantraniliprole and Chromafenozide to Control Oil Palm Bunch Moth Tirathana mundella Walker." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.3151.2021.
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The bunch moth, Tirathaba mundella is one of the leading pests in oil palm estates established on peatland. Severely infested male inflorescences usually would fail reaching anthesis. Reduction in the number of inflorescences at anthesis stage would suggest less food source and breeding ground for oil palm pollinating weevils, Elaeidobius kamerunicus, thus, affecting the fruiting percentage of oil palm and its yield. Despite to be less detrimental to the environment, biopesticide usages in the field is losing favour due to its slower rate of kill compared with conventional chemical pesticides, shorter persistence in the environment and susceptibility to unfavourable environmental conditions. The use of high host specificity chemical pesticides, such as chlorantraniliprole and chromafenozide are gaining popularity in pest management regimes. In this study, the optimum dose for chlorantraniliprole and chromafenozide in controlling T. mundella was assessed to provide valuable information for sustainable oil palm pest management. Several dosages of pesticide were evaluated for their effectiveness against T. mundella in a 7-year-old oil palm estate for six months. Based on the results obtained, application of 30 g or 40 g active ingredient (a.i.) per ha chlorantraniliprole were recommended to provide the longest protection period. To make plan for an effective pest management that could reduce material and labour cost per ha as well as the risks in developing pesticide resistance among pest, 30 g a.i per ha of chlorantraniliprole is recommended to be rotated with 25 g a.i. per ha chromafenozide for a total of four rounds in a year.
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Fauzana, Hafiz, Agus Sutikno, and Destia Salbiah. "Population Fluctuations Oryctes rhinoceros L. Beetle in Plant Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Given Mulching Oil Palm Empty Bunch." CROPSAVER - Journal of Plant Protection 1, no. 1 (January 18, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/cropsaver.v1i1.16998.
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Oil palm is a pre-eminent commodity in Indonesia, especially in Riau Province. The main pests that attack the oil palm is the pest of beetle Oryctes rhinoceros. The life cycle of pre-adult O. rhinoceros is on the ground, while the one that attacks the plant is the beetle stadia. The application of oil palm empty bunches (OPEB) to oil palm cultivation that functions as mulch and soil compost can improve the physical and biological properties of the soil, otherwise O. rhinoceros actually increases its population with OPEB application. The objective of this research is to know the population of O. rhinoceros in oil palm plantation given mulch of empty palm oil bunches. Research using survey method, observation done at PT. Adei Plantation & Industry. Observations made on the pradati with the size of the soil as a sample, to catch the adult beetles used ferotrap using pheromones as much as 5 ferotrap on 10 ha of land. Observations included the pre-adult population, the beetles population of O. rhinoceros, sex ratio, biomass, attack intensity. The results of research that has been done showsthat in the low adults population were the average of 8 tails per week, instar 2 most found was 15 tails. The population of beetles O. rhinoceros were the average of 23.8 tail / ferotrap / month. Population O. rhinoceros 1st week and 2nd, 3rd week decreased, lowest was at 4th week. The sex ratio of female and male beetles was 19.4: 4.4 or 4.54: 1. The intensity of O. rhinoceros attack was 11.72 ± 2.01% belonging to the category of minor attacks.Keywords: beetles O. rhinoceros, oil palm empty bunches, fluctuations, population.
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Hosang, Meldy L. A., Jelfina C. Alouw, and Fadjry Djufry. "Ulat Bulu Orgyia sp. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), Hama Potensial pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit [Hairy Caterpillar, Orgyia sp. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), Potential Pest on Oil Palm]." Buletin Palma 18, no. 1 (October 28, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bp.v18n1.2017.33-42.
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<p>The outbreaks of hairy caterpillar pests on oil palm plants that are quite severe in one of the estate oil palm plantations in West Papua occurred in 2016. Species of hairy caterpillar and the level of its damage are not known yet for certain. The purposes of this research were to identify the pest causing oil palm damage and to determine the level of palm damage, pest population and their natural enemies. Three locations were selected on the Marmare Sub District, Manokwari, West Papua. In each location, 30 plants were selected randomly in the area of the pest attack and the leaf damage was estimated. Identification result of the pest that attack young oil palm trees in PT Yongjing Investindo, West Papua was the hairy caterpillar called tusock moth, Orgyia sp. The pest caused low (5-20%) and moderate (30-40%) level of foliar damage found in 81.1% (73 plants) and 18.9% (17 plants) palm population respectively. Since palm damage potentially reduced oil palm production, regularly monitoring pest populations are needed to prevent pest outbreak.</p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Ledakan serangan hama ulat bulu pada tanaman kelapa sawit, cukup parah di salah satu perkebunan sawit swasta di Papua Barat terjadi pada tahun 2016. Jenis ulat bulu dan tingkat kerusakannya belum diketahui secara pasti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis hama ulat bulu, tingkat kerusakan, populasi hama, dan musuh alaminya. Survei hama dilakukan di tiga lokasi di Distrik Marmare, Kabupaten Manokwari, Papua Barat. Pada masing-masing lokasi dipilih 30 pohon contoh secara acak pada lokasi serangan hama kemudian diestimasi tingkat kerusakan. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa jenis ulat yang menyerang tanaman kelapa sawit muda di PT Yongjing Investindo, Papua Barat adalah ulat bulu Orgyia sp. Dari 90 tanaman contoh, kerusakan ringan (5-20%) akibat serangan Orgyia sp. dapat mencapai 81,1% (73 tanaman) dan sebanyak 18,9% (17 tanaman), termasuk tingkat serangan sedang (30-40%). Serangan ulat bulu Orgyia sp. pada perkebunan sawit masih terbatas di Distrik Marmare, tetapi berpotensi meluas ke areal pertanaman sawit lainnya. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan tindakan monitoring dan pengendalian di lapangan untuk mencegah kerusakan lebih parah.</p>
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Rizali, Akhmad, Toto Himawan, Ima Fitriani, Bambang Tri Rahardjo, Sri Karindah, Retno Dyah Puspitarini, and Bandung Sahari. "EFFECT OF NATURAL HABITAT ON DIVERSITY OF HEMIPTERAN PREDATOR IN OIL PALM PLANTATION." JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 18, no. 1 (November 14, 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11875-82.
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Effect of Natural Habitat on Diversity of Hemipteran Predator in Oil Palm Plantation. Utillization of natural enemies in controlling oil palm pests still encounters obstacles, in particular, how natural enemies can survive and establish in oil palm plantations. The existence of natural habitats around oil palm plantations can allegedly support the occurence of natural enemies. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the presence of natural habitats on diversity of hemipteran predators in oil palm plantations. Field research was conducted in oil palm plantations located in Pangkalan Bun, Central Kalimantan. The plots were oil palm plantations with different distances from natural habitat i.e. near (less than 200 m), medium (about 2 km) and far (about 5 km). Each plot was selected six trees for fogging using insecticide with active ingredient lamda cyhalothrin. Based on research result, diversity of hemipteran predator in oil palm plantion was found 19 species belong to 2 families. The most dominant hemipteran predator was Sycanus sp., Eocanthecona sp. and Reduviidae sp5. The distance of oil palm plantation from natural habitat did not affect species richness, abundance and composition as well as recolonization of hemipteran predator in oil palm plantation. Abundance of hemipteran predator tend to decrease in different observation time, except Sycanus sp. Sycanus sp was likely has ability to rapidly recolonized and their occurrence were influenced by flowering vegetation in oil palm plantation.
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Dhileepan, K. "Investigations on avian pests of oil palm,Elaeis guineensisJacq. in India†." Tropical Pest Management 35, no. 3 (January 1989): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670878909371379.
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Ávila, Rodrigo Andrés, Cristhian Bayona, Álvaro Ricón, and Hernán Mauricio Romero. "Effect of replanting systems on populations of Strategus aloeus (L.) and Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) associated with the oil palm OxG interspecific hybrid (Elaeis oleifera × Elaeis guineensis) in Southwestern Colombia." Agronomía Colombiana 32, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v32n2.43011.
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The oil palm replanting process produces a large amount of organic matter that, as it begins to decompose, becomes a breeding ground for various pests, including Strategus aloeus and Rhynchophorus palmarum. Different crop replanting systems are being used today. The method used depends on the plantation and it is basically associated with the costs involved in the process. However, sometimes too little attention is paid to other issues related to the new crop, such as plant health and agronomic management. This study evaluated the effect of different crop replanting alternatives in relation to two pest populations affecting oil palm plantations. Pest populations of S. aloeus and R. palmarum were assessed and monitored for 27 months using seven replanting methods. It was found that the largest number of individuals of R. palmarum and S. aloeus was associated with the stem felling and stacking method. No individuals of the two pest species were found when the felling and burying method was used. The exposed organic matter method that had the lowest number of individuals of both pest species was the felling, chipping, spreading method.
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Lopes, Ricardo, Rosemar Antoniassi, Raimundo Nonato Vieira Cunha, Allan Eduardo Wilhelm, and Adelia Ferreira Faria-Machado. "Physicochemical characterization of bunches and oil composition in a backcross progeny (caiaué x oil palm) x oil palm." Colloquim Agrariae 17, no. 4 (August 12, 2021): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2021.v17.n4.a449.
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Hybrids between caiaué and oil palm (IEH OxG) are explored in genetic improvement with the main objective of associating the high palm oil productivity of oil palm with resistance of caiaué to Bud Rot disease. In addition, caiaué has better oil quality and greater resistance to some pests and diseases than oil palm and these characteristics are transmitted to the hybrid between species. Due to fertility problems, IEH OxG plantations require assisted pollination, which raises the production costs. Backcrossings using oil palm as recurrent parent (BC OGxG) are being evaluated as a solution to restore the fertility of IEH OxG, however, the species contrast to physicochemical characteristics of the bunch and to oil composition, therefore, there is a need to observe how these characteristics vary in BC OGxG. Physicochemical characteristics of the bunch and fatty acid composition of the oil produced by 90 plants from an BC OGxG progeny were analysed. A large variation was observed in the progeny, with mean values of 9.0 kg for bunch weight, 46.0% of parthenocarpic fruits in the bunch weight, 72.2% of mesocarp in normal fruit and 86.5% in parthenocarpic fruit, 37.6% of oil in the humid mesocarp of normal fruits and 35.9% in parthenocarpic fruits and 16.4% of oil content in the freshfruits bunch (FFB). The unsaturated fatty acids oleic (52.5%) and linoleic (10.8%) and the saturated fatty acids palmitic (30.7%) and stearic (4.4 %) stood out in the oil composition. In the progeny BC OGxG is possible to select individuals for high OCB and for a greater or lesser percentage of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids in the oil composition.
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Azhar, Badrul, David Lindenmayer, Jeff Wood, Joern Fischer, Adrian Manning, Chris McElhinny, and Mohamed Zakaria. "Contribution of illegal hunting, culling of pest species, road accidents and feral dogs to biodiversity loss in established oil-palm landscapes." Wildlife Research 40, no. 1 (2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr12036.
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Context Understanding the ecological impacts of the palm-oil industry on native fauna requires information on anthropogenic threats that may cause species decline or local extinction. Aim The main aim of the study was to assess wildlife deaths caused by illegal hunting, road accidents and introduced predators in established oil-palm landscapes in Peninsular Malaysia. Methods Between April and October 2009, we interviewed 362 oil-palm workers at 36 sites, including large industrial estates and semi-traditional smallholdings. Key results Our results showed that (1) illegal hunting by oil-palm workers in different oil-palm management systems was not statistically significant (P = 0.097), (2) native fauna were more often destroyed as pests in smallholdings than in conventional and eco-friendly plantation estates (P = 0.005), (3) non-local poachers conducted illegal activity more often in smallholdings than in conventional and eco-friendly plantation estates (P = 0.011), (4) road accidents were reported to kill more native fauna in conventional plantation estates than in smallholdings and eco-friendly plantation estates (P < 0.001) and (5) feral dogs were reported as killing more native fauna in eco-friendly plantation estates than in conventional plantation estates and smallholdings (P = 0.034). Conclusion In addition to the conversion of native forest to oil-palm monocultures, various other anthropogenic threats can have a substantial effect on wildlife in oil-palm landscapes. Implications To improve the conservation value of oil-palm landscapes, we recommend that palm-oil stakeholders should implement anti-poaching patrols, organise conservation programs to educate workers, reduce vehicle speeds on roads within oil-palm landscapes, and control local populations of feral dogs.
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Afandi, Wandi Marwadi, Sulthon Parinduri, and Guntoro . "KEMAMPUAN PREDATOR (Sycanus annulicornis Dhorn) DALAM MENGENDALIKAN HAMA ULAT API (Setothosea asigna) DI PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT." Jurnal Agro Estate 3, no. 1 (July 2, 2019): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47199/jae.v3i1.20.
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Sycanus annulicornis is an important predator for palm leaf-eating caterpillars (UPDKS) from the Limacodidae family. Therefore, these predators need to be propagated and disseminated in the area of oil palm plantations so that they can become a mortality factor in biological control (UPDKS). Predator S. annulicornis is a predator that is very useful for controlling caterpillar pests in oil palm plantations. His ability to prey on fire caterpillars in the field, as well as his short life cycle and high reproductive ability make this predator very potential to be applied in fire caterpillar pest control. This research was carried out at Sycanus House Afdeling V Tanah Raja PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III Serdang Bedagai North Sumatra. The time of the study was carried out in August - September 2018. The results showed that fire caterpillar (Setothosea asigna) was able to be controlled by predators (Sycanus annulicornis) in F1 treatment (1 Sycanus annulicornis), F2 (2 Sycanus annulicornis) and F3 on the first day after application, the highest mortality seen in the treatment F3 (3 Sycanus annulicornis).
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Dhileepan, K. "Insect pests of intercrops and their potential to infest oil palm in an oil‐palm‐based agroforestry system in India." Tropical Pest Management 37, no. 1 (January 1991): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670879109371536.
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Ribeiro, R. C., T. G. Pikart, H. A. Fouad, M. C. Parreira, J. C. Zanuncio, M. A. Soares, and V. R. Castro. "Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): development and reproduction in Lepidoptera palm oil pests." Brazilian Journal of Biology 79, no. 3 (September 2019): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.173211.
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Abstract Brazil is a leading palm oil producer, but the defoliating caterpillars Opsiphanes invirae Hübner Brassolis sophorae L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) can reduce the productivity of this crop. The aim of this study was to evaluate the development and reproduction of the parasitoid Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in pupae of these oil palm defoliators. Ten O. invirae or B. sophorae pupae with up to two days old were exposed each to 30 T. diatraeae females for 48 hours. Parasitism and emergence of the progeny of T. diatraeae were similar in pupae of both Lepidoptera defoliators. The life cycle of this parasitoid was shorter in O. invirae (21.50 ± 0.42 days) pupae than with those of B. sophorae (27.60 ± 1.80 days). The number of the progeny (669.00 ± 89.62) and dead immature (217.13 ± 58.18) of T. diatraeae were higher in B. sophorae pupae than in those of O. invirae with 447.83 ± 51.52 and 13.50 ± 5.23, respectively. The sex ratio and female and male longevity of T. diatraeae emerged from these hosts were similar. The reproductive traits, especially the number of individuals (offspring) of T. diatraeae were better with B. sophorae pupae than with those of O. invirae.
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Sari, Yulia P., Samharnto Samharinto, and Bambang F. Langai. "PENGGUNAAN ASAP CAIR TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) SEBAGAI PESTISIDA NABATI UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN HAMA PERUSAK DAUN TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica juncea L.)." EnviroScienteae 14, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v14i3.5699.
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The aims of this research are to identify the dominant type of pest that attack mustard plants, to identify the component of liquid smoke of oil palm empty fruit bunches, to examine the effects of interaction between concentration level and frequency of application of liquid smoke spraying to the intensity of leaf damaging pests attack on mustard plants, to examine the effects of some concentration level and frequency of application of liquid smoke spraying severally to the intensity of leaf damaging pests attack on mustard plants, and to determine effective concentration and frequency of application of liquid smoke spraying to decrease the intensity of leaf damaging pests attack mustard plants. The research results showed that leaf damaging pests found have attacked mustard plants during the research period are Plutella xylostella L., Spodoptera litura, long caterpillar (Plusia spp.), and Crocidolomia binotalis. The test result for chemical content showed that liquid smoke of oil palm empty fruit bunches contained 20 types of chemical compounds. The compounds with the most content found are Ethylene glycol, Acetic Acid, Phenol/Benzenol & Benzene sulfonic acid/Carbamic acid, Acetone, and Butyrolactone with each successive concentration, i.e. 52,06 %, 22,67 %, 7,76 %, 4,67 %, and 2,77 %, where it is known that phenol and acetic acid are compounds that can play a role as insecticides for pests. The effect of treatments (liquid smoke concentration, spraying frequency, and their interaction) is very real different compared to without treatment spraying liquid smoke solution (control), while the effect of concentrations (2,5ml/l;5ml/l;7,5ml/l;10ml/l) of liquid smoke and spraying frequency (once, twice, and three times a week) and their interaction severally has no real effect, giving treatments (concentration and spraying frequency of liquid smoke) decrease the intensity of pests attack for 24,83%, increase the number of leaves for 8,36%, fresh weight of plants for 127,39%, and shoot-root ratio (SRR) for 44,62%.
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Tolosa, William, and Eduardo Amador Peña. "Biología de Memphis sp. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): plaga potencial de la palma de aceite en la zona pacífica colombiana." Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 7, no. 2 (January 4, 2007): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol7_num2_art:76.
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<p>En Colombia se han detectado diversas especies de insectos plaga que afectan la palma de aceite en las cuatro zonas geográficas en las cuales se encuentra establecido este cultivo permanente. Algunas prácticas de control no han sido las más adecuadas, lo que ha originado desequilibrios en los agroecosistemas que inciden sobre la entomofauna naturalmente asociada al cultivo, ocasionando el incremento de las poblaciones de insectos plaga ya conocidos y el surgimiento de especies desconocidas que, por sus hábitos alimenticios y reproductivos, deben considerarse como plagas potenciales. La aparición de <em>Memphis </em>sp<em>. </em>(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) en la zona productora de Tumaco (Nariño) puede representar uno de esos casos, pues muestreos foliares efectuados durante 2005 en lotes de palma de aceite de seis años de edad plantados en la Estación Experimental El Mira de Corpoica, registraron poblaciones de hasta 4 larvas/hoja que superan la baja infestación previamente reportada de 1 larva/hoja. Este trabajo se realizó para establecer la biología y hábitos de <em>Memphis </em>sp<em>. </em>en la zona de Tumaco (Nariño) y aportar al conocimiento del ciclo de vida de este insecto.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Biology of Memphis sp. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): a potential pest of oil palm in the western Colombian coast</strong></p><p>In Colombia several species of insect pest affect oil palm in each of the four geographical zones where it is planted. Some management practices have not been adequately performed and agroecosystem imbalances have resulted, with negative impacts on the natural entomofauna associated to this crop, causing increases of insect pests already present and given rise to potential new pests mainly because of their feeding and reproductive habits. The report of Memphis sp. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Tumaco (Nariño) could be such a case. Foliar surveys done on 2005 in six year old palms at the El Mira Research Station of Corpoica, reported populations of 4 larvae/leaf, an increase from the low lever infestation of 1 larvae/leaf previously reported. This study reports on the insect life cycle and the biology and habits of Memphis sp.</p>
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Hasibuan, Rosma, I. Gede Swibawa, Agus M. Hariri, Sudi Pramono, F. X. Susilo, and Nurafiah Karmike. "DAMPAK APLIKASI INSEKTISIDA PERMETRIN TERHADAP SERANGGA HAMA (THOSEA SP.) DAN SERANGGA PENYERBUK (ELAEIDOBIUS KAMERUNICUS) DALAM AGROEKOSISTEM KELAPA SAWIT." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 2, no. 2 (March 22, 2002): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.2242-46.
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Impact of Permethrin-Insecticide Application on Insect Pest (Thosea sp.) and Insect Pollinators (Elaeidobius kamerunicus) in Oil Palm Agroecosystem. Insecticide efficacy studies are usually determined from the target insect (pest) data without regard to the effect of that treatment on the non-target insects (such as pollinators). This study examined the effect of permethrin (one of widely used insecticides for agriculture) on defoliating insect pest (nettle caterpillar, Thosea sp.) and insect pollinator (weevil, Elaeidobius kamerunicus) which lives on pollen of male oil palm flowers. A complete block design was used in which each of four blocks consisted of 5 treatments (4 concentrations of permethrin; 50; 100; 200; and 250 ppm and control) . The results clearly demonstrated that the application of permethrin reduced significantly the number of nettle caterpillar throughout all sprayed plants (up to 100% 14 d after treatments). A significant difference in mean population of the caterpillar were detected between plots sprayed with permethrin (0.05; 0.25; 0.53; and 2.00 larvae/leaves at concentrations of 250; 200; 100; and 50 ppm respectively) and control plant (5.2 larvae/leaves) 3 d after treatments. This insecticide effects persisted for at least 14 d after treatments. On the other hand, permethrin application in oil palm agroecosystem had adverse effects on main pollinator (E. kamerunicus). The number of weevil pollinators on sprayed plants (12.5; 59.3; 77.5; and 209.5 weevil/male flower at concentrations of 50; 100; 200; and 250 ppm respectively) were significantly fewer compared to the control plants (976.0 weevil/male flower). The results indicate that, despite high efficacy of permethrin in reducing number of insect pests of oil palm (Thosea sp.), its application also cause a severe impact on important insect pollinators (E. kamerunicus).
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Thomas Idemudia, Aneni, and Adaigbe Victor Chuks. "Climate Change Impacts and Forecasts of Oil Palm Leaf Miner Populations." Academic Journal of Life Sciences, no. 71 (March 3, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajls.71.1.13.
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Agricultural production is very sensitive to climate change, and it suffers from periodic outbreaks of insect pests which cause considerable losses especially in the humid and sub-humid tropics which severely constrain the productivity potential of global agriculture under changing climate conditions. The oil palm leaf miner is a major pest of the oil palm. Mathematical relationships between the leaf miner insect stages and weather factors were developed for pest predictions and forecasting. Decadal variation in air temperature was characterized by wide differences between 1961 – 1970 and 2001 – 2010. The assessment of the sensitivity of leaf miner to variability in weather and climate conditions is important in view of evidence that show expansion of pest ranges as a result of climate variability impacts. The study has established an upward increase in temperature, attributed to climate change, with a concomitant increase in leaf miner abundance between 1980 and 2010. Larvae showed an increasing trend for the observed period. When this observation was correlated with the weather (temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity) during these periods, it could be inferred that there was proliferation as a result of weather changes. This was different from the decreasing trend observed during the 1976 – 1980 period. Pupae showed a decreasing trend for the observed period. Adults showed an increasing trend for the observed period. It could be inferred that adults were proliferating due to temperature increases and rainfall decreases. An incremental increase in temperature could help explain fluctuations in insect pest populations within and between years. Thus climatic conditions greatly influenced seasonal leaf miner populations. The climate forecast up to 2050 indicates an upward trend in temperature and a downward trend in rainfall and relative humidity. This followed the climate trend between 1961 and 2010. This study contributes to the understanding of the insect pest-weather relationship in broad agricultural and food security terms. A major advantage is the potential for limiting the spread of outbreaks through timely control of early pest infestations.
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Kardinan, Agus, and Elna Karmawati. "The Effectiveness of Melaleuca bracteata Oil Formula on Trapping of Fruit Fly Pests (Bactrocera spp.)." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 27, no. 1 (September 17, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v27n1.2021.44-50.
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<p> </p><p>Fruit flies (<em>Bact</em><em>r</em><em>ocera</em> spp) can cause yield losses of 30-40% of the horticultural product and even crop failure. One way to control is to use an attractant with the active ingredient methyl eugenol<span style="text-decoration: line-through;">.</span> The objective of the research was to identify the catching ability and the durability of the formula on trapping fruit flies. It was conducted from October 2020 to March 2021 in orchards in the Bogor area, designed in a randomized block with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of oils: (1) nutmeg, (2) cloves, (3) citronella, (4) palm, (5) melaleuca + nutmeg, (6) melaleuca + cloves, (7) melaleuca + citronella, (8 ) melaleuca + palm (1:1 ratio). As much as 1 ml of oil is dropped on a cotton swab in a trap bottle and hung on a fruit tree. Observations were made every 5 days by counting the number, type of flies, and sex of the flies trapped. It showed that nutmeg and clove oil were able to trap 5 and 7 fruit flies in the first 5 days, but subsequently no flies were trapped, while citronella and palm oil were unable to trap fruit flies. A mixture of melaleuca oil containing 84.86% methyl eugenol with nutmeg, citronella, and palm oil was able to trap fruit flies for about 3 months with a total catch of 2.479; 2.434; and 2.487, respectively, while the mixture of melaleuca+cloves was able to trap fruit flies for 4 months and was able to trap 2 female flies<span style="text-decoration: line-through;">.</span></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Attractant, <em>Bactrocera</em> spp., <em>Melaleuca bracteata</em>, methyl eugenol</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><strong>Efektivitas Formula Minyak <em>Melaleuca bracteata</em> Terhadap Daya Tangkap Hama Lalat Buah (<em>Bactrocera</em> spp.)</strong></p><p>Lalat buah (<em>Bact</em><em>rocera</em> spp) dapat menimbulkan kehilangan hasil sebesar 30–40% pada produk hortikultura, bahkan gagal panen. Salah satu cara pengendaliannya adalah dengan menggunakan atraktan (pemikat) berbahan aktif metil eugenol (C<sub>11</sub>H<sub>14</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)<em>. </em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya tangkap dan daya tahan formula dalam memerangkap hama lalat buah. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2020 sampai Maret 2021 di kebun buah-buahan (rambutan, jambu biji, dan jambu air) di Bogor, dengan rancangan acak kelompok 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari minyak : (1) pala, (2) cengkeh, (3) serai wangi, (4) sawit, (5) melaleuca + pala, (6) melaleuca + cengkeh, (7) melaleuca + serai wangi, (8) melaleuca + sawit (dengan perbandingan 1 :1). Sebanyak 1 ml minyak diteteskan pada kapas di dalam botol perangkap dan digantungkan pada pohon. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 5 hari terhadap jumlah, jenis dan jenis kelamin lalat yang terperangkap. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa minyak pala dan cengkeh mampu memerangkap lalat buah sebanyak 5 dan 7 ekor berturut-turut pada 5 hari pertama, namun selanjutnya tidak ada lalat yang terperangkap, sedangkan minyak serai wangi dan sawit tidak mampu memerangkap lalat buah. Campuran minyak melaleuca yang mengandung metil eugenol 84,86% dengan minyak pala, serai wangi dan sawit mampu memerangkap lalat buah selama sekitar 3 bulan dengan total tangkapan sebesar 2,479; 2,434; dan 2,487 ekor per perangkap berturut-turut, sedangkan campuran Melaleuca dengan cengkeh mampu memerangkap lalat buah selama 4 bulan dan mampu memerangkap 2 ekor lalat betina, walaupun dengan jumlah tangkapan yang lebih rendah (2,078 ekor) daripada perlakuan lain.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong> : Atraktan, <em>Bactrocera</em> spp., <em>Melaleuca bracteata, </em>metil eugenol</p>
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Zaini, Mohd Rasdi, Nurul Farahana Hazira Hazlee, and Fathul Nabila Abdul Karim. "Interaction Between Oryctes Rhinoceros and Leaves’ Nutrient Content in Oil Palm." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 8 (August 30, 2018): 1408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v8i1.7585.
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A study meant to evaluate the relationship between the presence of Oryctes rhinoceros to the oil palm in relation to the leaves’ nutrient content which is Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K). Appropriate fertilization is one of the methods that can help to suppress the pests’ presence in the field. In general, insects’ pests are attracted to the plants that are supplied with excess supply of nutrient as it can help them to develop better in future as these nutrient play their roles in aiding through growths and insects’ fecundity. Data on nutrient status were collected were Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn). These data had been collected twice per month which were at the middle and at the end of each month. Four samples of leaves were taken from four sampling oil palm trees of each treatment. Leaves from ninth or seventeenth fronds were chosen as it is the best most ideal fronds to be used for leaf analysis to identify the nutrient content. The result of this study showed that Phosphorus (P) exerted a strong positive relationship with the presence of Oryctes rhinoceros in the oil palm while Potassium (K) showed a strong negative relationship between the two variables. Thus, developing awareness to the growers to this nutrients-balancing issue would be good for future agriculture in future as it is clear now that balanced nutrition is primordial to ensure availability of nutrients uptake by plants.
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Gan, Siou Ting, Chin Jit Teo, Shobana Manirasa, Wei Chee Wong, and Choo Kien Wong. "Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) field genebank: A step towards molecular-assisted germplasm conservation." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 29, 2021): e0255418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255418.
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Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) germplasm is exclusively maintained as ex situ living collections in the field for genetic conservation and evaluation. However, this is not for long term and the maintenance of field genebanks is expensive and challenging. Large area of land is required and the germplasms are exposed to extreme weather conditions and casualty from pests and diseases. By using 107 SSR markers, this study aimed to examine the genetic diversity and relatedness of 186 palms from a Nigerian-based oil palm germplasm and to identify core collection for conservation. On average, 8.67 alleles per SSR locus were scored with average effective number of alleles per population ranging from 1.96 to 3.34 and private alleles were detected in all populations. Mean expected heterozygosity was 0.576 ranging from 0.437 to 0.661 and the Wright’s fixation index calculated was -0.110. Overall moderate genetic differentiation among populations was detected (mean pairwise population FST = 0.120, gene flow Nm = 1.117 and Nei’s genetic distance = 0.466) and this was further confirmed by AMOVA analysis. UPGMA dendogram and Bayesian structure analysis concomitantly clustered the 12 populations into eight genetic groups. The best core collection assembled by Core Hunter ver. 3.2.1 consisted of 58 palms accounting for 31.2% of the original population, which was a smaller core set than using PowerCore 1.0. This core set attained perfect allelic coverage with good representation, high genetic distance between entries, and maintained genetic diversity and structure of the germplasm. This study reported the first molecular characterization and validation of core collections for oil palm field genebank. The established core collection via molecular approach, which captures maximum genetic diversity with minimum redundancy, would allow effective use of genetic resources for introgression and for sustainable oil palm germplasm conservation. The way forward to efficiently conserve the field genebanks into next generation without losing their diversity was further discussed.
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MAHMUD, YUSMAR, CINDY ROMANTIS, and SYUKRIA IKHSAN ZAM. "EFEKTIVITAS Trichoderma virens DALAM MENGENDALIKAN Ganoderma boninense DI PRE NURSERY KELAPA SAWIT PADA MEDIUM GAMBUT." Jurnal Agroteknologi 11, no. 1 (August 14, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/ja.v11i1.8751.
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Palm oil production in Riau continues to increase from year to year. The increase in palm oil production still has obstacles caused by pests and diseases, among others caused by pathogenic fungi, Ganoderma boninense, this fungus causes root rot disease. Control of stem rot disease is needed appropriate techniques, especially controls that are environmentally friendly. One of the uses of biological agents, such as Trichoderma, especially Trichoderma virens. This study aims to obtain a dose of Trichoderma virens that is effective in controlling Ganoderma boninense in oil palm pre nursery on peat medium. This research was conducted at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry of the State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau. This research was conducted in December 2018 - March 2019. This research was a field experiment (experiment) using a Non Factorial Completely Randomized Design (RAL) by conducting Trichoderma virens test on oil palm seeds with various doses where each treatment was repeated 6 times there are 30 experimental units. The results showed that the parameters observed were macroscopic and microscopic fungi ,in-vitro test, speed of infection, intensity of disease attack, plant height, stem diameter and root root ratio. The results showed that Trichoderma virens fungi can reduce the intensity of fungal disease attack Ganoderma boninense given Trichoderma virens increased the growth of stem diameter of oil palm seedlings.
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Rasoki, Timbul, Ana Nurmalia, and Lina Asnamawati. "Socio-Economic Impact of Transfer of Oil Palm Land Functions to Paddy Fields in Mukomuko District, Bengkulu Province." Journal of Agri Socio-Economics and Business 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jaseb.2.2.99-108.
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The expansion of oil palm plantations through the conversion of lowland rice land to oil palm plantations has become a long debate because it is not in accordance with the vision and mission of Mukomuko Regency regarding food self-sufficiency, but in recent years there has been a change in the function of oil palm plantations to lowland rice. About 370 hectares of oil palm and swamp plantations in the Mukomuko District, Bengkulu, were converted into new rice fields. This is interesting to research because this phenomenon is considered unique when in other areas people flock to change the function of food land to oil palm plantations, on the other hand in Mukomuko District the community has shifted land functions from oil palm plantations to lowland rice, even though so far the oil palm farming business . The location selection was carried out purposively and the respondent determination was carried out by the solvin method, which obtained 181 respondents. Collecting data using a survey method by distributing questionnaires to respondents. For data analysis using qualitative and quantitative methods, to see the social impact is described descriptively, while the economic impact is seen from the side of revenue and income. The results of the study explain the social impact of farmers gathering in the fields more often during planting, fertilizing, spraying pests, and at harvest time. Farmers who were previously very consumptive, especially when the price of palm oil went up and experienced difficulties when the price of fresh fruit bunches fell, are now more prudent in managing finances. The environment around the land is now more beautiful and the water quality is getting better. As well as holding more frequent deliberations regarding policies and counseling on lowland rice farming. The economic impact of lowland rice farming generates an income of Rp. 36.151.207 / Ut / Ha / Th. while oil palm farming is Rp. 28,308,303 / Ut / Ha / Th. It can be concluded that the income obtained from lowland rice farming is greater than the income obtained by oil palm farming even though the time period for obtaining income is different, for lowland rice, revenue is obtained within three times a year, while oil palm farmers can earn income every two 14 days. once, or 24 times a year. It means that in terms of income, it increases after the land conversion is carried out..
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Sugeng, Sugeng, Ramadhan Adi Putra, Refinda Fazar Muslim, and Yogi Septianto. "Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Mapping Plantation Area." Telekontran : Jurnal Ilmiah Telekomunikasi, Kendali dan Elektronika Terapan 7, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/telekontran.v7i1.1642.
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The development of oil palm plantations from the beginning of planting in 1848 until now can be said to be very significant. As the largest palm oil production country in the world Indonesia has many developing palm oil companies, both national and international. To monitor the vast oil palm plantations, a cheaper and more efficient technological innovation is needed. In order to observe the vast plantation area and the different topography of the land, which can complicate logistical access especially if there is rain making access difficult to pass, we conduct research on monitoring and mapping oil palm plantation areas. The monitoring function is to monitor plantation logistics lines such as, finding a faster route by looking at the contour of the land so as to facilitate transportation access from collectors to each existing post. As for mapping, it functions to map an area of 225 hectares with the aim of assessing the condition of oil palm plantations, especially assets from the garden itself. this activity is commonly referred to as landholders by surveying assets or inventory. The use of mapping techniques using unmanned aircraft has several advantages, one of which is more accurate mapping than using satellite imagery. From this mapping data can be developed again such as census mapping data, land use maps, land use planning, and monitoring of pests and weeds. The methods we use include improving the quality of camera resolution, adjusting aircraft height, adjusting aircraft speed, making good airframes, using 2 axis gimbals and special image processing methods
Keywords : Mapping, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), Plantation, Remote Sense, Aerial Photo
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René Philippe and S.K. Dery. "NEW WAY OF CONTROLLING Oryctes monoceros (COLEOPTERA, DYNASTIDAE), A COCONUT PEST IN GHANA." CORD 20, no. 01 (December 1, 2004): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v20i01.382.
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Oryctes monoceros is one of the most dangerous pests in young coconut and oil palm plantings throughout West Africa.
This species is controlled using different methods that can be applied in combination as part of IPM. The first naturally involves eliminating all larva sites, consisting of dead or felled coconut or oil palm stems. Rapidly covering felled stems with a cover crop can keep the populations of this pest down to a very low level. When adults attack, frequent monitoring of young plantings is recommended, as is the removal of adults from their galleries using a metal mini-harpoon. Chemical control with Lambda-Cyhalothrin reduces damage to seedlings, particularly as that product has good repellent properties. It remains effective for around a month.
Physical control has been developed, using old fishing nets rolled into balls and inserted in the axils of young fronds. This method is highly effective, cheaper than other types of control, does not pollute and is not toxic for handlers. Adults trapped by the rolled up fishing nets, which eventually die, attract other adults that are trapped in turn, thereby increasing the efficiency of the method.
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Suryani, Dwi, Rusli Anwar, Rusmini, Fadli Mulyadi, and Sri Ngapiyatun. "EVALUASI PENERAPAN KULTUR TEKNIS PADATANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT MENGHASILKAN DI PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DI KABUPATEN BERAU KALIMANTAN TIMUR." JURNAL AGRIMENT 4, no. 02 (December 16, 2019): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51967/jurnalagriment.v4i02.274.
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Background of this study is on how the right plantation management practices become the absolute provision to gain eminent yield. Thus the company must evaluates the application on the technical culture of mature plant in order to know how big is the value and influence of the technical culture application so that the company can attain the optimum production.Therefore this study aims to identify and calculate the application rate of cultivation technique factors that have been applied by the company itself also to calculate the loss rate from misapplication of cultivation techniques that have been affected oil palm production based on the cultivation technical manual and estimated loss value incurred by PPKS Medan and identify the efforts made by the company to control pests and diseases (HPT) also the development of oil palm pollinating insects (SPKS). The method used in this study was field observation method, and descriptive statistical analysis (tabulation). There were some indicators that used in field observation in this study, they are imperfect pollination in fruit development phase, oil extraction rendement (OER) and kernel extraction rendement (KER), harvesting technique and discipline on collecting loose fruits, harvesting unripe fruits, harvesting rotation >15 days, crop damage due to rat pests. The result showed that the technical culture application rate has different value in each indicator, based on the highest error rate the first was harvesting rotation > 15 days (52,75 %), second was imperfect pollination (7,05 %), third was harvesting technique and discipline on collecting loose fruits (7%), forth was crop damage due to rat pests (4,3%) and the last was harvesting unripe fruit (3,4%). The different value in application rate could be influenced by inadequate human resources, lack in controlling, facilities and infrastructure availability (like pollinating insect box, harvesting tools and good transportation access)
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Anshari, G. Z., M. Afifudin, M. Nuriman, E. Gusmayanti, L. Arianie, R. Susana, R. W. Nusantara, J. Sugardjito, and A. Rafiastanto. "Drainage and land use impacts on changes in selected peat properties and peat degradation in West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia." Biogeosciences 7, no. 11 (November 4, 2010): 3403–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3403-2010.
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Abstract. Degradation of tropical peats is a global concern due to large Carbon emission and loss of biodiversity. The degradation of tropical peats usually starts when the government drains and clears peat forests into open peats used for food crops, oil palm and industrial timber plantations. Major properties of tropical peat forests are high in Water Contents (WC), Loss on Ignition (LOI) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC), and low in peat pH, Dry Bulk Density (DBD), and Total Nitrogen (TN). In this study, we investigated impacts of drainage and land use change on these properties. We collected peat samples from peat forests, logged over peat forest, industrial timber plantation, community agriculture, and oil palms. We used independent t-tests and oneway ANOVA to analyze mean differences of the research variables. We found that peat pH, DBD, and TN tend to increase. A significant decrease of C/N ratio in oil palm and agriculture sites importantly denotes a high rate of peat decompositions. Water contents, LOI, and TOC are relatively constants. We suggest that changes in pH, DBD, TN and atomic C/N ratio are important indicators for assessing tropical peat degradation. We infer that land use change from tropical peat forests into cleared and drained peats used for intensive timber harvesting, oil palms and industrial timber plantations in Indonesia has greatly degraded major ecological function of tropical peats as Carbon storage.
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Denan, Nuradilah, Wan Mamat Wan Zaki, Ahmad R. Norhisham, Ruzana Sanusi, Dzulhelmi Muhammad Nasir, Frisco Nobilly, Adham Ashton‐Butt, Alex M. Lechner, and Badrul Azhar. "Predation of potential insect pests in oil palm plantations, rubber tree plantations, and fruit orchards." Ecology and Evolution 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 654–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5856.
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Harith-Fadzilah, Nazmi, Mohamad Haris-Hussain, Idris Abd Ghani, Azlina Zakaria, Samsudin Amit, Zamri Zainal, Wahizatul Afzan Azmi, Johari Jalinas, and Maizom Hassan. "Physical and Physiological Monitoring on Red Palm Weevil-Infested Oil Palms." Insects 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11070407.
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The red palm weevil (RPW) is a stem boring Coleoptera that decimates host palm trees from within. The challenge of managing this pest is due to a lack of physical symptoms during the early stages of infestation. Investigating the physiological changes that occur within RPW-infested palm trees may be useful in establishing a new approach in RPW detection. In this study, the effects of RPW infestation were investigated in Elaeis guineensis by observing changes in physical and physiological parameters during the progress of infestation by visual inspection and the comparison of growth, gas exchange, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content between the non-infested control, physically wounded, and RPW-infested E. guineensis groups. During the study period, four distinct levels of physical infestation were observed and recorded. The RPW-infested group displayed significantly lower maximum photosynthesis activity (Amax) starting from the third week post-infestation. However, growth in terms of change in plant height and stem circumference, leaves’ stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content were not significantly different between the three groups during the duration of the study. The significant drop in photosynthesis was observed one week before physical changes appeared. This suggests the promising utilisation of photosynthesis activity as a signal for detecting RPW infestation at the early stage of attacks, which could be useful for integration in integrated pest management (IPM).
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Fauzana, Hafiz, and Ustadi Ustadi. "Pertumbuhan larva kumbang tanduk (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) pada berbagai media tumbuh tanaman Famili Arecaceae." Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 17, no. 2 (September 16, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.17.2.89.
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<p>Rhinoceros beetle (<em>Oryctes rhinoceros</em>) is the main pest of various crops, especially Arecaceae. This research aims to obtain the best growing media of the Arecaceae for the growth of <em>O. rhinoceros </em>larvae. This research expected was designed using a complete randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment used was different media growth from Arecaceae plants namely palm oil, coconut, sago, and areca, chopped stem, as well as topsoil as control. Parameters measured included individual weight gain of larvae, larval length, a width of <em>O. rhinoceros </em>larvae, with supporting data of soil temperature and humidity, and chemical analysis of organic matter (C-Organic, total N, P-total, and K-Total). The results of the study showed that the growing media of oil palm stem chopped tends to be the most suitable for the growth of <em>O. rhinoceros</em> larvae in case of individual weight increased of larvae (8,8 ± 0,38 g), the length size of larvae (6,15 ± 0,82 cm), and the body width of larvae (1,05 ± 1 cm), and followed by the less and less suitable of the following media growing from chopped stem: coconut, sago, and areca. Thus, oil palms supports the growth of <em>O. rhinoceros</em> more than coconut. This information is important for pest management in smallholders oil palm plantation where oil palms are usually planted along with coconut plants.</p>
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S. P. Singh and P. Rethinam. "Trapping-a major tactic of BIPM strategy of palm weevils." CORD 21, no. 01 (June 1, 2005): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v21i01.401.
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Several species of curculionid weevils such as Amerrhinus ynca Sahlberg, Cholus annulatus Linnaeus, C. martiniquensis Marshall, C. zonatus (Swederus), Diocalandra frumenti (Fabricius), Dynamis borassi Fabricius, Homalinotus coriaceus Gyllenhal, Metamasius hemipterus Linnaeus, Paramasius distortus (Gemminger & Horold), Rhabdoscelus obscurus (Boisduval), Rhinostomus barbirostris (Fabricius), R. afzelii (Gyllenhal), Rhynchophorus bilineatus (Montrouzier), R. cruentatus Fabricius, R. ferrugineus (Olivier), R. palmarum (Linnaeus) and R. phoenicis (Fabricius) are associated with palms. Some of these have become a major constraint in the successful cultivation of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis L.). R. ferrugineus is distributed in over 33 countries and attacks more than two dozen palm species. In the recent past, it has spread to Middle Eastern countries, Mediterranean region of Africa and southern Europe (Spain) causing tremendous economic losses. The yield of date palm has decreased from 10 to 0.7 tons/ha. Coconut palms in India are infested upto 6.9 per cent in Kerala and 11.65 per cent in Tamil Nadu. R. palmarum is a major pest of oil and coconut palms in the tropical Americas and, vectors the nematode, Bursaphelenchus cocophilus (Cobb) Baujard which causes red ring disease (RRD). Palm losses due to RRD are commonly between 0.1 to 15% which amounts to tens of millions dollars. The status of other species is briefed. The grubs of weevils that develop in the stems, bud, rachis of leaves and inflorescence of cultivated, ornamental or wild palms cause direct damage. Because of the cryptic habitat of the grubs, which act as tissue borer, the management becomes difficult.
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Galvez Valencia, Angie Marcela, Yeison Alberto Garces-Gomez, Erwin Leandro Lemus Rodriguez, and Miguel Andres Arango Argoti. "Predictive model of water stress in tenera oil palm by means of spectral signature methods." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 2680. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i3.pp2680-2687.
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Agriculture as a competitive business, seeks to improve productivity within crops with a more sustainable environmental management. It is important that agriculture includes new technologies that allow it to generate differential, precise and real-time information. In Colombia, the current lack of knowledge about techniques that allow early identification of water stress in African palm could generate a loss in the investment made in the fertilization of the crop, cause an increase in diseases, pests, and susceptibility to compaction or abortions in female flowers that would lead to decreases in production. In this work, a predictive model is established to quantify water stress based on spectral, physiological and soil information in African palm plants. To this end, a study was carried out in an oil palm plantation where treatments were established with 3 ranges of humidity. It was found that the indices with the highest correlation with the biophysical variable soil moisture were: NDVI_1 and NDVI_16 for treatment 1, SR_4 for treatment 2 and NDVI_16 and NDVI_20 for treatment 3. Finally, the third order polynomial regression model that obtained higher correlation coefficients of Pearson R^2=0.73 was selected as the most suitable model to estimate soil moisture content for treatments 2 and 3.
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Young, G. R. "Some parasites of Segestes decoratus Redtenbacher (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) and their possible use in the biological control of tettigoniid pests of coconuts in papua new guinea." Bulletin of Entomological Research 77, no. 3 (September 1987): 515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300012001.
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AbstractA number of tettigoniids belonging to the genera Sexava, Segestes and Segestidea are responsible for severe defoliation of coconut palm, oil palm and Pandanus spp. in Papua New Guinea. Most chemical and cultural methods of control are either impractical or uneconomic. The possibility of biological control was examined with reference to some of the natural enemies of Segestes decoratus Redtenbacher, in particular a parasite of nymphs and adults, Stichotrema dallatorreanum Hofeneder, as well as the egg parasites Triteleia atrella (Dodd), a species of Tetrastichus near T. dubius (Waterston) and a second species of Tetrastichus. It was concluded that S. dallatorreanum contributed to the control of Segestes decoratus in areas with an evenly distributed rainfall and that the parasite had potential as a biological control agent in areas where it is not endemic against pest species of Sexava, Segestes and Segestidea. A survey of the egg parasites showed that they were not effective in controlling the pests as they were only able to parasitize eggs in exposed oviposition sites. Egg predators of unknown identity were responsible for higher egg mortality than were the egg parasites.
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Rohmawati, Aniq Atiqi. "Implementasi Spasial Kriging Dengan Faktor Dependency Seasonal Time Series." Indonesian Journal on Computing (Indo-JC) 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21108/indojc.2016.1.2.61.
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<p>Time series analysis has been developed in concepts and theories to accommodate the behavior of the collected data by involving time. The unique feature of time series analysis is the time dependency. In this research, we observed a number of seasonal pets, fire caterpillars, on an oil palm plantation at Block Afdeling-D in Kalimantan. The number of Fire Caterpillars is dependent on time and spatial (location). Fire Caterpillars are seasonal pests on oil palm plantation. In addition, Pearson correlation indicates that the number of Fire Caterpillars is not influenced by the distance among the blocks. We suggests that the disinfection should be done simultaneously to avoid the migration of fire caterpillars. The spreading of fire caterpillars at Block Afdeling-D in Kalimantan is modeled with time series seasonal model, spesifically with ARIMA homoscedastic model. Kriging interpolation was conducted to identify behavior and determine the location Fire Caterpillars involving ARIMA model.</p><strong>Keywords: </strong>ARIMA, dependency, Kriging, Fire Caterpillars, variogram
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Montes-Bazurto, Luis Guillermo, Yimer Peteche-Yonda, Hector Camilo Medina-Cardenas, and Alex Enrique Bustillo-Pardey. "Selection of Entomopathogenic Fungi for the Biological Control of Demotispa neivai (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Oil Palm Plantations in Colombia." Journal of Entomological Science 55, no. 3 (July 27, 2020): 388–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-55.3.388.
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Abstract Demotispa neivai (Bondar) is an economically important pest of oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., plantations in Colombia. During our search for alternatives to conventional chemical insecticides for controlling D. neivai, we initially screened 50 isolates of various entomopathogenic fungi against adults and larvae. At a concentration of 1 × 107 conidia/ml, 28 of the isolates caused fungal-induced mortality. Isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin, designated CPMa1502 and CeMa9236, caused the greatest mortality in adults and larvae. These isolates were further evaluated for efficacy against natural infestations of D. neivai in oil palm fruit bunches by applying each isolate at a rate of 1 × 1013 conidia/ha. The CPMa1502 isolate caused a significantly (F = 39.22; df = 6, 8; P < 0.0001) higher larval mortality (87.7%) than that of the CeMa9236 isolate. Three concentrations (5 × 1012, 7.5 × 1012, and 1 × 1013 conidia/ha) of the CPMa1502 isolate were then compared in a field efficacy test, and no significant differences were observed among the treatments. CPMa1502 also was applied to commercial oil palm plantations in two tests at a rate of 1 × 1013 on a large plot with 23 palms and a rate of 5 × 1012 conidia/ha on a 511-palm plot. Larval mortality in these field tests was greater than 62%.
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Valzano, Matteo, Gabriele Achille, Francesca Burzacca, C. Damiani, Patrizia Scuppa, Irene Ricci, and Guido Favia. "Deciphering microbiota associated to Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in Italian samples: a preliminary study." Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 44, no. 3 (December 16, 2012): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jear.2012.e16.
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The Red Palm Weevil, <em>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</em> (Olivier, 1790) is the most dangerous and deadly pest of date, coconut, oil, sago and other palms. Recently introduced in the Mediterranean basin, it became the most relevant insect pest for ornamental palms in the urban environment. Given the development of an innovative control method based on symbiotic control, we have performed a pilot project to decrypt the microbiota associated to both adults and larval stages of the insect to identify potential tools for biocontrol agents against the Palm Weevil. A number of bacterial species were found associated with the insect. In particular, species of the genera <em>Lactococcus</em>, <em>Proteus</em>, and others were detected<em>.</em>
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Vilaseca, Carlos Javier, Luis Guillermo Baptiste, and Aristóbulo López-Ávila. "Incidencia de los márgenes sobre el control biológico natural de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) en cultivos de arroz." Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 9, no. 2 (January 9, 2009): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol9_num2_art:117.
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<p class="Corpoica">Múltiples estudios han mostrado los beneficios ambientales, económicos y productivos que se pueden generar al incluir vegetación natural en los márgenes de los cultivos. Esto se debe principalmente a que la presencia de hábitats naturales favorece factores bióticos y abióticos que pueden afectar negativamente las plagas. Con base en lo anterior, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar y comparar el efecto de márgenes compuestos por plantaciones de palma de aceite y bosques de galería sobre el control biológico natural de <em>Spodoptera frugiperda </em>en cultivos de arroz. Para esto, se seleccionó un área de estudio en el piedemonte llanero colombiano (Villanueva, Casanare), compuesta por grandes extensiones de cultivos de arroz rodeados por plantaciones de palma de aceite y bosques de galería. Se evaluó la abundancia de <em>S. frugiperda </em>en estados de larva y adulto, el parasitismo de huevos y larvas, y la diversidad de enemigos naturales y de otros artrópodos. Se observó aumento en la presencia de insectos benéficos y disminución de la población de la plaga en los estadios de larva y adulto en cercanías a los márgenes. Se identificó la importancia de parasitoides como <em>Apanteles marginiventris </em>y depredadores, en especial correspondientes al orden Odonata para el control natural de <em>S. frugiperda</em>. Se encontró que tanto las plantaciones de palma de aceite como los bosques de galería promueven el control biológico natural de <em>S. frugiperda</em>; sin embargo, aspectos como la baja calidad del hábitat y la aplicación constante de insumos químicos afectaron los resultados significativamente<em>.</em></p><p class="Corpoica"><em> </em></p><p class="Corpoica"><strong>Incidence of the margins on the natural biological control of </strong><strong><em>Spodoptera frugiperda </em></strong><strong>(J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in rice crops</strong></p><p class="Corpoica">Multiple researches have shown the environmental, economic and productive benefits that can be generated when including natural vegetation in the margins of the crops. This happens thanks to the presence of natural habitats, which are the ones that promote biotic factors such as natural enemies and abiotic ones as temperature, humidity o rain that can affect negatively the pests. The objective of this research was to evaluate and compare the effect of other natural systems present at the same landscape such as crop of oil palm and gallery forests over the natural biological control of <em>Spodoptera frugiperda </em>in growing areas of rice. For this purpose, an area of study was selected at the Colombian plain foothills (Villanueva, Casanare), a place that is characterized for having big extensions of rice, surrounded by oil palms plantations and gallery forests. The abundance of <em>S. frugiperda </em>in the stages of larva and imago was evaluated, as well as the parasitism of eggs and larvae and the diversity of natural enemies and other arthropods. It was found that plantations of oil palm, as the gallery forests promote the natural biological control of <em>S. frugiperda </em>by increasing the diversity of the natural enemies and reduction of the pest population in the borders of the crop. The importance of parasitoids as <em>Apanteles marginiventris </em>and predators of the order Odonata in the control of <em>S. frugiperda </em>was identified. It is highlighted the importance to associate perennial crops as oil palm with transitory crops as rice in the planning of agroecosystems on the region and promote the conservation of gallery forest, as long as they can become key factors in the natural biological control of pests. Nevertheless, aspects as the low quality of the habitat and frequently use of chemical pesticides affected the results. </p>
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Manjeri, G. "Oryctes rhinoceros Beetles, an Oil Palm Pest in Malaysia." Annual Research & Review in Biology 4, no. 22 (January 10, 2014): 3429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2014/11023.
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Soares, João Almiro Corrêa, Artur Vinícius Ferreira dos Santos, Paulo Roberto Silva Farias, Leidiane Ribeiro Medeiros, and Adriano Anastácio Cardoso Gomes. "Detection of Diseases in Oil Palm Plantations in the Brazilian Amazon through Orbital Image." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 4 (March 15, 2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n4p138.
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The detection of diseases in oil palm crops in the Brazilian Amazon represents a great challenge for the management of this crop in Brazil. The plantations in the State of Pará provide inputs for the food, cosmetics, agro-energy and biofuel industries, supplying Brazilian markets. In recent years, several factors such as pests, diseases and climate have interfered in the development of oil palm in the region, generating the need to adopt new techniques to detect and monitor such issues. In this work, spectral enhancements were carried out by simple reflectance and vegetation indices for four plots cropped on Companhia Palmares da Amazônia (CPA) farm, owned by Agropalma S.A. company in the municipality of Acará, in the state of Pará. The results allowed the identification of expressive patterns minimum and maximum reflectances of the studied plots, correlating with occurrences of diseases. The EVI index showed an excellent correlation with the occurrence of diseases. However, the NDVI and SAVI indexes showed adequate adjustments with the occurrence of diseases in 2017. The areas corresponding to the L36 and H27 plots showed higher occurrences of diseases, based on the analysis of reflectance through vegetation indices. It is concluded that the reflectance enhancements, NDVI, SAVI and EVI obtained by orbital sensors are efficient in the detection of diseases in the plots. The results allowed the identification of diagnostic anomalies of stresses in the plots, either by disease or other factor, allowing the decision making in an adequate time, therefore avoiding large scale eradication in the extensive areas in commercial palm oil plantations in Brazil.
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Pradipta, Anugerah Pustakawan, F. X. Wagiman, and Witjaksono Witjaksono. "The Coexistence of Oryctes rhinoceros L. and Xylotrupes gideon L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on Immature Plant in Oil Palm Plantation." Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 24, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.52582.
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Oryctes rhinoceros L. and Xylotrupes gideon L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are known to attack palms. O. rhinoceros is a major pest in oil palm while X. gideon is a minor pest found in certain areas with a relatively few numbers. Collecting these beetles by hand picking and trapping are intended to reduce their population. Objectives of this study were to describe an intimacy of shared existence of O. rhinoceros and X. gideon in the oil palm plantation, and to determine the effect of manual collection of the beetles from the decomposing trunks compared to those that were collected using attractant traps. The study was conducted in Asahan Regency, North Sumatera, in Sei Silau PTPN III oil palm plantation. Five traps (2 Ha/trap) containing the pheromone ethyl-4-methyloctanoate were installed randomly at a replanting area of immature palm. Beetle collection was performed daily for 30 consecutive days using two methods, i.e. (a) hand-picking of beetles on the decomposed trunks at surrounding the trap for 2 hour per day, and (b) using pheromone traps. Simple regression and correlation model was used for data analysis. Results showed that coexistence of O. rhinoceros and X. gideon was observed at the breeding sites of decomposing trunks, but not in the traps, and their coexistence showed a weak relationship (r = 0.12). Number of collected O. rhinoceros (221 beetles) was much more than X. gideon (82 beetles). Natural sex ratio (male: female) was approximately 0.5 for O. rhinoceros and 0.4 for X. gideon. Collection of the beetles in the decomposed trunks showed a moderately positive relationship (r = 0.43) with, and significantly influenced (18.73%) to the collection of beetles using pheromone traps.
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Mat, Mohammad Daniel, Siti Noor Hajjar Md Latip, Che Ahmad Hafiz Che Manan, and Ayman Che Razali. "Toxicity of selected insecticides on late stage instar of bagworm, Metisa plana." Scientific Research Journal 17, no. 2 (August 25, 2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v17i2.10144.
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Metisa plana is a significant oil palm pest in South East Asia and is well recognized for its devastating impact on oil palms in Malaysia. Due to the high intensity of the Metisa plana assault on oil palm plantation in the peninsular, Malaysia. The use of insecticides has become a famous means of controlling Metisa plana infestation when the economic threshold is reached. Three selected insecticides are Cypermethrin, Flubendiamide and Bacillus thuringiensis tested for their toxicity toward Metisa plana. Late stage instar of Metisa plana were collected at Felda Serting Hilir 4, Bahau to be tested on three different pesticide including one control treatment. For each treatment, five replications were exposed to the selected chemical by using leaf dip bioassay method. The mortality of Metisa plana were recorded for eight consecutive days. Result showed that both Cypermethrin and Flubendiamide can achieve 100% mortality rate within four days while it takes eight days for Bacillus thuringiensis and control treatment. Further study should be done in the field to obtain more accurate results when exposed to the natural conditions and environment.
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Hidayat, Yusup, Muthia Riefka Fauziaty, and Danar Dono. "The effectiveness of vegetable oil formulations in reducing oviposition of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) in large red chili fruits." Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 15, no. 2 (December 9, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.15.2.87.
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Chili peppers (Capsicum annuum), in their many varieties, constitute a culturally and economically important horticultural crop in a number of countries. The Indonesian cayenne large red chili (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) is used widely in Indonesia mainly in cooking. There have been reports of increased infestation of large red chili by insect pests, particularly fruit flies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of five edible vegetable oils (palm oil, coconut oil, soybean oil, corn oil, and candlenut oil) and one non-edible vegetable oil (neem oil) in reducing landings, oviposition, and infestation by the Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel) in large red chili fruits. This lab-based experiment entailed exposure of large red chili fruits to 20 mature B. dorsalis females (14–21 days old) inside a 15-l plastic container. Six separate containers each held 10 large red chili fruits with a single oil treatment in each. Prior to exposure, each of the treated and control large red chili fruits was punctured once with a needle in order to create an opening for oviposition. Results indicate that the coconut oil formulation was most effective in preventing damage from B. dorsalis females, and reducing fruit fly landings, oviposition, and infestation.