Relevant bibliographies by topics / PET and PP Blends

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'PET and PP Blends'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "PET and PP Blends"

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Zdrazilova, Natalie, Berenika Hausnerova, Takeshi Kitano, and Petr Saha. "Rheological Behaviour of PP/PET and Modified PP/PET Blends. I. Steady State Flow Properties." Polymers and Polymer Composites 11, no. 6 (2003): 487–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110301100607.

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Both polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) constitute a significant portion of post-consumer waste. To improve the recycling of immiscible PP/PET blends, a compatibiliser should be utilised. The steady shear flow properties of unmodified and modified PP/PET blends having up to 50 wt.% PET were investigated and compared in this study. Three types of PPs with different flow properties were used to ascertain the influence of the matrix on the blend's rheology. The effect of modification on the rheological properties was evaluated in two ways - firstly, the addition of 1 wt.% of maleic anhydride (MA), and secondly, the use of already modified polypropylene. According to the morphological observations, an improvement in compatibility was found in both cases. The shear viscosity and the first normal stress difference were measured using a rotational cone and plate rheometer at 265°C (when both PET and PP are molten), and 245°C (when only PP has melted). Completely different behaviour was observed under these two temperature conditions. At 265°C, the shear viscosity decreases with PET content in the blend, while at 245°C it increases, thus recalling the behaviour of particle-filled systems. The addition of maleic anhydride affects the shear viscosity in various ways; a decrease, an increase, and some almost unchanged values were obtained. Concerning the first normal stress difference, an even more complex situation occurs, and the effect of modification by MA is also ambiguous. Furthermore, the deviations from the log-additivity rule were evaluated in terms of the shear viscosity and the first normal stress difference. From the results, it can be supposed that PP-X/PET samples were compatibilised successfully, and strong interphase interactions could be expected. Finally, the yield values of shear stress determined at 245°C showed a generally increasing tendency with increasing PET content.
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Inuwa, Ibrahim Mohammed, Azman Hassan, and Sani Amril Samsudin. "Effect of Compatibilizer Content on the Mechanical and Morphological Properties of PET/PP (70/30) Blends." Applied Mechanics and Materials 735 (February 2015): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.735.70.

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This work investigates the effect of compatibilizer concentration on the mechanical properties of compatibilized polyethylene terephthalate (PET) /polypropylene (PP) blends. A blend containing 70 % (wt) PET, 30 % (wt) PP and 5 - 15 phr compatibilizers were compounded using counter rotating twin screw extruder and fabricated into standard test samples using injection molding. The compatibilizer used is styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene grafted maleic anhydride triblock copolymer (SEBS-g-MAH). Morphological studies show that the particle size of the dispersed PP phase is dependent on the compatibilizer content up to 10 phr. Impact strength and elongation at break showed maximum values with the addition of 10 phr SEBS-g-MAH and a corresponding decrease in flexural and young’s moduli; and strengths.. Overall the mechanical properties of PET/PP blends depend on the control of the morphology of the blend and can be achieved by effective compatibilization using 10 phr SEBS-g-MAH.
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Mi, Dashan, Yingxiong Wang, Maja Kuzmanovic, et al. "Effects of Phase Morphology on Mechanical Properties: Oriented/Unoriented PP Crystal Combination with Spherical/Microfibrillar PET Phase." Polymers 11, no. 2 (2019): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020248.

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In situ microfibrillation and multiflow vibrate injection molding (MFVIM) technologies were combined to control the phase morphology of blended polypropylene (PP) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), wherein PP is the majority phase. Four kinds of phase structures were formed using different processing methods. As the PET content changes, the best choice of phase structure also changes. When the PP matrix is unoriented, oriented microfibrillar PET can increase the mechanical properties at an appropriate PET content. However, if the PP matrix is an oriented structure (shish-kebab), only the use of unoriented spherical PET can significantly improve the impact strength. Besides this, the compatibilizer polyolefin grafted maleic anhydride (POE-g-MA) can cover the PET in either spherical or microfibrillar shape to form a core–shell structure, which tends to improve both the yield and impact strength. We focused on the influence of all composing aspects—fibrillation of the dispersed PET, PP matrix crystalline morphology, and compatibilized interface—on the mechanical properties of PP/PET blends as well as potential synergies between these components. Overall, we provided a theoretical basis for the mechanical recycling of immiscible blends.
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Perera, R., C. Rosales, M. A. Araque, and M. A. Coelho. "Composites of Pet and PBT/PP with Bentonite." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 1019–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.1019.

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The need for solid-waste management has pushed the development of alternative systems for recycling and revalue used plastic containers. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is being widely used as raw material for beverage bottles. However, as has been widely reported, PET undergoes degradation and hydrolysis when reprocessed. On the other hand, poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) is another thermoplastic polyester with easy processability but high brittleness and cost. Hence, it has been blended with other polymers such as polypropylene to overcome its disadvantages. In this work, bentonite was incorporated into recycled PET and PBT/polypropylene blends by extrusion. Rheological and tensile properties and processability of the composites thus prepared were studied. Results showed a strong newtonean character of extrudates of recycled PET and higher viscosities and a more pseudoplastic behavior and improved reprocessability when bentonite was added to PET. Furthermore, inclusion of the filler increased its initial degradation temperature, as observed during rheological testing. All composites displayed a brittle behavior. However, the tensile properties of PET composites were not strongly deteriorated. There was a slight increase in the Young’s modulus values and in the tensile strength, with unnoticeable effects on the elongation at break. The Young’s modulus values of PBT/PP composites were not significantly affected.
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Lin, Xin Tu, Qing Rong Qian, Li Ren Xiao, et al. "Compatibility Effect of Reactive Copolymers on the Morphology, Rheology, and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Polypropylene Blends." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.254.

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Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) grafted ethyleneoctene multi-block copolymer (OBC) in the presence of the styrene (St) monomer (OBC-g-(GMA-co-St)) was prepared and then used as a compatibilizer for recycled Poly (ethylene terephthalate)/Polypropylene (R-PET/PP) blends. The morphological, rheological and mechanical properties of the blends were investigated. The results show that the compatibilization between R-PET and PP blends is improved by the introduction of OBC-g-(GMA-co-St). The SEM results show that all R-PET/PP blends exhibit a matrix-dispersed droplet type morphology, and the addition of OBC-g-(GMA-co-St) results in a finer morphology and better adhension between the phases. In addition, the storage moduli (G'), loss moduli (G") and the Charpy impact strength of the blends increase with increasing OBC-g-(GMA-co-St) content, while the the flexural strength decreases slightly.
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JANIK, JOLANTA, STANISLAW LENART, WACLAW KROLIKOWSKI, and PIOTR PENCZEK. "Polymer blends PET/PE-LD and PET/PP with a new compatibilizer." Polimery 49, no. 06 (2004): 432–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2004.432.

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López-Manchado, M. A., and M. Arroyo. "Optimization of Composites Based on PP/Elastomer Blends and Short Pet Fibers." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 74, no. 2 (2001): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3544943.

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Abstract The physical and mechanical properties of ternary composites based on isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and ethylene—octene copolymer blends reinforced with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers have been studied. In order to evaluate the effect of the matrix composition and fiber content on the final properties of the composite, an experimental design based on a Doehlert Uniform Net has been employed. The results show that PET fibers behave as a reinforcing agent for PP/ethylene—octene copolymer blends, this effect being more evident at high copolymer percentages in the blend. It is important to notice that the analyzed mechanical properties are more dependent on matrix composition than on fiber percentage. So, as PP content is increased, the blend becomes more rigid and stable, and a noticeable increase in tensile and flexural modulus and strength are observed. Moreover, dynamic mechanical measurements provide a further confirmation of the reinforcing effect of these fibers. A displacement of the glass-transition temperature ((Tg)) of the elastomeric phase to higher temperatures is observed as fiber content in the composite increased. The morphology of the composites has been also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Good interfacial adhesion between fibers and matrix is observed, especially when the copolymer is the continuous phase. Hence, it is possible to correlate good interaction at the fiber—matrix interface with an improvement of composite properties.
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Çavuş, Fatma Kosovalı, Murat Beken, and Yeşim Özcanlı. "An Sem Study of Pp/Pet Blends." Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences 1, no. 3 (2016): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30931/jetas.297612.

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Wang, Yingxiong, Dashan Mi, Laurens Delva, Ludwig Cardon, Jie Zhang, and Kim Ragaert. "New Approach to Optimize Mechanical Properties of the Immiscible Polypropylene/Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) Blend: Effect of Shish-Kebab and Core-Shell Structure." Polymers 10, no. 10 (2018): 1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10101094.

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Improving the mechanical properties of immiscible PP/PET blend is of practical significance especially in the recycling process of multi-layered plastic solid waste. In this work, a multi-flow vibration injection molding technology (MFVIM) was hired to convert the crystalline morphology of the PP matrix from spherulite into shish-kebab. POE–g–MA was added as compatibilizer, and results showed that the compatibilization effect consisted in the formation of a core-shell structure by dispersing the POE–g–MA into the PP matrix to encapsulate the PET. It was found that the joint action of shish-kebab crystals and spherical core-shell structure enabled excellent mechanical performance with a balance of strength and toughness for samples containing 10 wt % PET and 4 wt % POE–g–MA, of which the yield strength and impact strengths were 50.87 MPa and 13.71 kJ/m2, respectively. This work demonstrates a new approach to optimize mechanical properties of immiscible PP/PET blends, which is very meaningful for the effective recycling of challenging plastic wastes.
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Potiyaraj, Pranut, Supachok Tanpichai, and Prompoom Phanwiroj. "Physical Properties of PP/Recycled PET Blends Prepared by Pulverization Technique." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.109.

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Polymer blends between pristine polypropylene (PP) and post-consumer soft-drink PET bottles (rPET) were prepared using pulverization technique. The polymer mixtures were pulverized, at the amounts of rPET in PP of 0, 10, 15, 20 and 30 phr (parts per hundred of resin) by weight, into powder. In an extruder, the polymer powders were mixed with maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) and polyethylene wax (PE wax) as a compatibilizer and a processing aid, respectively. The extrudates were prepared into test specimens by injection molding. Physical properties of PP/rPET blends were subsequently investigated. The results pointed out that, for the pulverized blends without compatibilizer, tensile and flexural strength were improved at the lower amount of rPET. The compatibilizing effect of MAPP was exhibited at the higher amount of rPET. The reduction of melt flow index (MFI) may cause difficulties for some processing techniques which required polymers with high MFI. The addition of PE wax successfully brought up the MFI as well as elongation at break while other mechanical properties decreased.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PET and PP Blends"

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Oromiehie, Abdul Rasoul. "An exploratory study of polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) with polypropylene (PP) blends." Thesis, Brunel University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363220.

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Kuzhanthaivelu, Gauthaman. "Investigative study of Biopolymer contamination in conventional recycling systems." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-15436.

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The recycling industry which is efficiently functioning now has technical expertise, contented consumers, and resource availability and capital contributors. The potential inflow of new material into this existing system should be able to fulfill all the needs of the stakeholders involved in it. With most of the polymer wastes received from the polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), they are available in abundant crossing the threshold quantity (Cornell, 2007) needed for the recycling process to be carried for every single polymer starting from the individual source separation till the granulation of pellets with active investment for the potential expectancy of returns in the recycling market targeting suitable consumers. Unlike other polymers like polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene (PP), biopolymers fail to fulfill the necessary criteria of being in threshold quantity to carry out the recycling process. With the very small inflow of biopolymers in the recycling industry, standalone recycling units for the same is not highly performed and appreciated. In addition to this, there are possible means and ways of the biopolymers getting infused into the conventional petrochemical polymers either through the mis-throws in manual sorting or in automated sorting. Though the studies so far don't have any substantial threatening effect over the biopolymer infusion, still it has its adversity affecting the industry by other means. The volumes of biopolymers are presently small and contamination of biopolymer in the plastic waste stream is presently not a problem. However, with increasing volumes of biopolymers, this can be a problem. Contamination could then be a future problem. This study investigates that problem and checks the truth to the claims of biopolymer infusion in the conventional post-consumer recycling systems affecting the quality of the recyclates. In order to investigate this, a biodegradable biopolymer (TPS & PHA) will be mixed into a conventional polymer (PE, PP, PET) at various percentages. The mechanical and thermal properties are then measured as a function of the percentage biopolymer. In a second part of the project, the blend of conventional plastics and bioplastic is conditioned in humidity in order to simulate what will happen to a conventional polymer that has been contaminated with a biopolymer in a humid climate.
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Gil, de los Santos Diego. "Efeito do uso de compatibilizante no processamento e produção de fios da blenda PET/PP." [s.n.], 1998. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266358.

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Orientador: Chang Tien Kiang<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T10:58:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GildelosSantos_Diego_M.pdf: 3846338 bytes, checksum: 236d6bd77c86a1c77d95cb220ea5b5d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998<br>Resumo: O presente trabalho mostra os estudos realizados sobre o processamento das blendas de poli(tereftalato de etileno) (PET) e do polipropileno (PP) numa escala semi-industrial. Analisou-se a influência da presença do polipropileno enxertado com anidrido maleico (PP-g-MA) como agente compatibilizante, sendo adicionado numa proporção de 3 % em peso sobre o peso total da mistura. As blendas dos materiais com e sem compatibilizante foram estudadas nas relações de PET/PP 75/25, 50/50 e 25/75, respectivamente. Inicialmente os materiais foram homogeneizados numa dupla rosca semi industrial ZSK 30 W 9/2 sendo posteriormente reprocessados numa instalação piloto de fiação da Plasticisers para a obtenção dos fios. As diferentes blendas e fios produzidos com elas foram analisados através de ensaios térmicos, mecânicos e morfológicos. Através da caracterização térmica obteve-se informações da cinética de cristalização permitindo a confirmação das avaliações anteriormente realizadas no Departamento de Tecnologia de Polímeros da Faculdade de Engenharia Química da UNICAMP com relação à aceleração do processo de cristalização dos materiais, estando um na presença do outro. Os ensaios térmico e mecânico demonstraram que o compatibilizante provocou a diminuição das tensões interfaciais. O aumento na orientação dos fios e as tensões suportadas por estes, associado à melhoria das condições de processamento mostraram a vantagem do uso do compatibilizante. As análises de microscopia eletrônica de varredura permitiram notar a influência da composição da mistura e da presença do compatibilizante na estabilização das estruturas morfológicas das blendas quando do seu reprocessamento para a obtenção dos fios. As morfologias das blendas obtidas na dupla rosca foram comparadas com as apresentadas nas amostras dos mesmos materiais produzidas num equipamento de bancada (Minimax Molder CS 183 - MMX). Comprovaram-se limitações do Minimax na simulação do comportamento dos materiais quando realiza-se uma ampliação na escala de processamento. Os ensaios de tingimento realizados nos fios das blendas constataram a possibilidade de uso do processo de tingimento em solução para as blendas estudadas<br>Abstract: The results of the study on the processinn in semi-industrial scale of blends with varying compositions of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP) are reported in this work. The influence of polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) present at 3 % in the mixture was studied. Blends of PET/PP at proportions of 75/25, 50/50 e 25/75, respectively, with and without compatibilizer were studied. The materiais were initially homogenized in a semi-industrial twin screw ZSK 30 W 9/2 and then processed in a Plasticisers pilot spinning equipment to obtain the yarns. Thermal, mechanical and morphological characterizations performed with the mixtures and the spun yarns. Thermal characterization gave information on the kinetics of crystallization, confirming data of assays previously done at the Departarl1ento de Tecnologia de Polímeros of the Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazíl, as regard to the acceleration of the crystallization when both materiais are processed together. Thermal and mechanical assays showed that the compatibilizer decreased interfacial tensions. On the otherhand, compatibilizers increased the orientation of the yarns and the tensions they supported. Microscopy showed the influence of mixture composition on the stabilization of the morphological structures of the blends when they are used to produce yarns. These morphologies were also compared to those of previous studies obtained in a bench scale mixer (Minimax Molder CS183-MMX). The yarns produced from the blends of this study could be solution-dyed, which is of major technological interest<br>Mestrado<br>Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais<br>Mestre em Engenharia Química
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ROSSINI, EDVALDO L. "Obtencao da blenda polimerica PET/PP/PE/EVA a partir de 'garrafas PET' e estudo das modificacoes provocadas pela radiacao ionizante." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11373.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:09:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 11256.pdf: 8935213 bytes, checksum: f4e37ab5ffb1e214eed65095f6f82563 (MD5)<br>Tese (Doutoramento)<br>IPEN/T<br>Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Lin, Xiaodan, and 林曉丹. "Morphology and structure development of a PET/PP blend in extrusion, solid-state drawing and annealing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31240598.

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Erdogan, Selahattin. "Synthesis Of Liquid Crystalline Copolyesters With Low Melting Temperature For In Situ Composite Applications." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613306/index.pdf.

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The objective of this study is to synthesize nematic-thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (LCP) and determine their possible application areas. In this context, thirty different LCP&rsquo<br>s were synthesized and categorized with respect to their fiber formation capacity, melting temperature and mechanical properties. The basic chemical structure of synthesized LCP&rsquo<br>s were composed of p-acetoxybenzoic acid (p-ABA), m-acetoxybenzoic acid (m-ABA), hydroquinone diacetate (HQDA), terephthalic acid (TPA) and isophthalic acid (IPA) and alkyl-diacids monomers. In addition to mentioned monomers, polymers and oligomers were included in the backbone such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) polymers, and polybutylene naphthalate (PBN), polyhexylene naphthalate (PHN) and poly butylene terephthalate (PBT) oligomers that contain different kinds of alkyl-diols. We adjusted the LCP content to have low melting point (180oC-280oC) that is processable with thermoplastics. This was achieved by balancing the amount of linear (para) and angular (meta) groups on the aromatic backbones together with the use of linear hydrocarbon linkages in the random copolymerization (esterification) reaction. LCP species were characterized by the following techniques<br>Polarized Light Microscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray Scattering (WAXS, Fiber diffraction), surface free energy, end group analysis (CEG), intrinsic viscosity (IV) and tensile test. According to these analysis LCPs were classified into five main categories<br>(I) fully aromatics, (II) aromatics+ PET/PEN, (III) aromatics + oligomers (IV) aromatics + short aliphatic diacids, (V) aromatics + long aliphatic diacids. The foremost results of the analysis can be given as below. DSC analysis shows that some LCPs are materials that have stable LC mesogens under polarized light microscopy. In TGA analysis LCPs that have film formation capacity passed the thermal stability test up to 390oC. NMR results proved that predicted structures of LCPs from feed charged to the reactor are correct. In FTIR due to the inclusion of new moieties, several peaks were labeled in the finger-print range that belongs to reactants. In X-ray analysis, LCP24 (containing PET) was found to be more crystalline than LCP25 (containing PEN) which is due to the symmetrical configuration. Block segments were more pronounced in wholly aromatic LCP2 than LCP24 that has flexible spacers. Another important finding is that, as the amount of the charge to the reactor increases CEG value increases and molecular weight of the product decreases. Selected group V species were employed as reinforcing agent and mixed with the thermoplastics<br>acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), nylon6 (PA6), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP) and appropriate compatibilizers in micro compounder and twin screw extruder. The blends of them were tested in dog-bone and/or fiber form. In general LCPs do not improve the mechanical properties except in composite application with polypropylene. A significant increase in tensile properties is observed by LCP24 and LCP25 usage. Capillary rheometer studies show that the viscosity of ABS decreases with the inclusion PA6 and LCP2 together. In addition to the composite applications, some LCPs are promising with new usage areas. Such as nano fibers with 200nm diameter were obtained from LCP27 by electrospinning method. The high dielectric constant of LCP29 has shown that it may have application areas in capacitors.
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Dogan, Erkan. "Ter Blend Of Poly (ethylene Terephthalate), Polypropylene And Low Density Polyethylene." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/4/1045574/index.pdf.

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This study covers the recycling of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottles through melt blending with low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP). In general, polymer blends are known to be immiscible and incompatible with poor mechanical properties. This problem is due to the low intermolecular forces between the components of the immiscible blends. In order to enhance the interaction and compatibility between these matrices, some reactive or non-reactive copolymers were used. In this work<br>PET was treated with silane coupling agent (SCA) (low molecular weight reactive additive) for compatilization of LDPE-PP-PET blends. LDPE-PP-PET blends were prepared in different compositions (by weight) with and without silane coupling agent at high temperatures by a single screw extrusion and injection molding. Mechanical properties of treated and non-treated blends were studied in terms of tensile strength, strain at break and impact strength. Melt flow properties of blends were investigated by melt flow index. The impact fractured surfaces and thermal behaviour of the blends were examined with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), respectively. Through out the studies, good adhesion between PET and LDPE-PP matrix was successfully achieved by the surface treatment of PET particles. The adhesion was also observed in SEM studies. Also the variation in mechanical properties was found to be highly dependent on the number of extrusion.
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Kitaoka, Roberto Soji. "Efeito do uso de compabilizante e do tempo de processamento sobre as propriedades termicas, morfologicas, reologicas e mecanicas da blenda PET/PP." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267244.

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Orientador: Chang Tien Kiang<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-22T01:41:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kitaoka_RobertoSoji_M.pdf: 2907199 bytes, checksum: 90b4ac4c8e1839eda09fea930586049b (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997<br>Resumo: Neste trabalho são estudados os efeitos do tempo de processamento sobre as propriedades do Poli(etileno tereftalato) (PET), Polipropileno (PP) e as misturas PET/PP. Analisou-se ainda a influência da adição de compatibilizante, polipropileno graftizado com anidrido maleico (PP-g-AM), à mistura. As amostras foram processadas no ¿Mini Max Molder CS183MMX¿, à temperatura de '265 GRAUS¿C, com tempos de processamento de: 1 minuto e 20 segundos; 5 minutos; 10 minutos; e 15 minutos, em composição (PET/PP) de: 100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; e 0/100, em peso. Também foram preparadas blendas compatibilizadas com 3% de PP-g-AM, em relação ao peso total da mistura. As amostras foram analisadas através de ensaios reológicos, mecânicos, térmicos e morfológicos. A caracterização reológica foi realizada utilizando o reômetro ortogonal de discos paralelos e eixos excêntricos, o ¿Mini Max Dynamic Tester CS-183DY¿. Foram determinados os módulos elásticos (G¿) e de perda (G¿), afim de observar algum tipo de degradação no processamento da mistura e efeito do compatibilizante sobre o comportamento viscoelástico da blenda. As alterações provocadas pelo processo de mistura na cinética de cristalização do PET e na temperatura de cristalização dos componentes na mistura foram estudadas por calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC), utilizando dois métodos: cristalização isotérmica e cristalização não isotérmica... Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital<br>Abstract: This work the study of the effects of the processing time and compatibilizer addition on the properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), polypropylene (PP) and PET/PP blends. The samples were prepared by melt blending in the Mini Max Molder CS-183MMX, at '265 DEGREES¿C, with processing time of: 1 min. 20 sec.; 5 min.; and 15 min. The PET/PP blend compositions (wt/wt) used in this work were: 100/0; 90/10; 70/30; 50/40; 50/50; and 0/100; with and without 3% of Polypropylene grafted Maleic Anhydride (PP-g-MA). The samples were studied by thermal, morphological, rheological and mechanical analysis. The rheological characterization was evaluated by eccentric-disk-orthogonal rheometer, ¿Mini Max Dynamic Tester CS-183DY¿. The measurements of the dynamic modulus G¿ and G¿, were used to observe the compatibilization effect and polymer degradation on the viscoelastic behavior of the blends. The modification caused by the blending process in PET¿s crystallization temperature, were studied by Differential Scanning Calorymetry (DSC) using two methods: anisothermal and isothermal crystallization. The morphological analysis were performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in which it was observed a strong influence of compatibilizer and processing time in dispersion grade and phase diameter. The best dispersion was obtained with processing time of 15 minutes and compatibilizer addition... Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations<br>Mestrado<br>Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais<br>Mestre em Engenharia Química
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Kong, Yi. "Structure and property relationships in PET blends." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7786/.

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Blends of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polycarbonate (PC) have been prepared by twin-screw extruder with and without added a transesterification catalyst - lanthanum acetylacetonate hydrate. The blends without added catalyst are completely immiscible over the study range while the blends with added catalyst show partial miscibility. The mechanical properties are slightly improved in the latter blends. Studies were made on the crystallization and melting behaviour of PET and both of blends. It has been found that the crystallisation was inhibited in the presence of PC, particularly in the blends with added catalyst for which the equilibrium m.pt. showed considerable depression greater than the other samples. Multiple melting endotherms are due to dual lamellar thickness distributions and recrystallisation during heating. Miscibility, melting and crystallisation were also studied by MTDSC which proved to be a powerful tool separating reversing and non-reversing events. The crystallinities of PET and blends were measured using the First Law method and consistent with those measured by density and WAXD procedures. Both blends annealed at higher temperature the thermal properties, phase structure and transesterification have been investigated as a function of time. Kinetics parameters were also determined.
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Parpart, Dawn Allison. "PET/nylon 66 polymer blends and carpet recycling." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9139.

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Books on the topic "PET and PP Blends"

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Kong, Yi. Structure and property relationships in PET blends. University of Birmingham, 2002.

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Tempel, Mark. In-line monitoring of the interface of PP/LLDPE blends in a single-screw extruder. National Library of Canada, 1996.

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Robinson, A. M. PET blends and glass fibre composites. 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "PET and PP Blends"

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Krumova, Marina, Goerg H. Michler, Michel Evstatiev, Klaus Friedrich, Norbert Stribeck, and Stoyko Fakirov. "Transcrystallisation with reorientation of polypropylene in drawn PET/PP and PA66/PP blends. Part 2. Electron microscopic observations on the PET/PP blend." In Scattering Methods and the Properties of Polymer Materials. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b107339.

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Apostolov, Anton A., Ognian Samokovliyski, Stoyko Fakirov, et al. "Transcrystallisation with reorientation of polypropylene in drawn PET/PP and PA66/PP blends. Part 1. Study with WAXS of synchrotron radiation." In Scattering Methods and the Properties of Polymer Materials. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b107332.

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Azizi Topkanlo, Hasan, Zahed Ahamadi, and Faramarz Afshar Taromi. "PET/PLA Blends Crystallization Kinetics." In Eco-friendly and Smart Polymer Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45085-4_164.

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Koch, T., S. Seidler, K. Jung, and W. Grellmann. "Morphologie und Zähigkeit von PP/EPR-Blends." In Deformation und Bruchverhalten von Kunststoffen. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58766-5_19.

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Kosfeld, R., K. Schaefer, E. A. Hemmer, M. Hess, A. Theisen, and T. H. Uhlenbroich. "Blends from EPDM, PP, and Inorganic Filler." In Controlled Interphases in Composite Materials. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7816-7_36.

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Koch, T., S. Seidler, K. Jung, and W. Grellmann. "Morphology and Toughness of PP/EPR Blends." In Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of Polymers. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04556-5_18.

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Kosfeld, R., K. Schaefer, E. A. Hemmer, and M. Hess. "Polymer Blends from EPDM, PP and Inorganic Filler." In Integration of Fundamental Polymer Science and Technology—4. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0767-6_38.

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Ge, Qiang, Xu Jia Ding, Gang Wu, Song Liang, and Si Zhu Wu. "Study on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of PET and PET/PTT Blends." In Engineering Plasticity and Its Applications. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-433-2.1085.

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Swoboda, B., E. Leroy, F. Laoutid, and J. M. Lopez-Cuesta. "Flame-Retardant PET-PC Blends Compatibilized by Organomodified Montmorillonites." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2009-1013.ch007.

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Niebergall, U., J. Bohse, S. Seidler, and W. Grellmann. "Zusammenhang zwischen Bruchverhalten und Morphologie von PE/PP-Blends." In Deformation und Bruchverhalten von Kunststoffen. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58766-5_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "PET and PP Blends"

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Rizvi, Ali, and Chul B. Park. "Processing/Structure/Properties Relationships in Polymer Blends for the Development of Functional Polymer Foams." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50288.

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In this study we present a comprehensive experimental investigation of the effect of polymer blending on the dispersed phase morphology and how the dispersed phase morphology influences the foaming behavior of the semicrystalline polymer matrix using three different material combinations: polyethylene (PE)/polypropylene (PP), PP/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and PP/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Samples are prepared such that the dispersed phase domains exhibit either spherical or fibrillated morphologies. Measurements of the uniaxial extensional viscosity, linear viscoelastic properties and crystallization kinetics under ambient pressures and elevated pressures of carbon dioxide (CO2) are performed and the morphological features are identified with the aid of SEM. Batch foaming and lab-scale extrusion foaming experiments are performed, as a screening model for polymer processing, to show the enhancement of the foaming ability as a result of the blend morphology, taking into account the rheological behaviour and the effects of crystallization kinetics. The formation of high aspect ratio fibrils imparts unique characteristics to the semicrystalline matrix such as strain-hardening in uniaxial extensional flow, prolonged relaxation times, pronounced elastic properties and enhanced kinetics of crystallization. In contrast, the regular blends containing spherical dispersed phase domains do not exhibit such properties. Foam processing of the three blends reveals a marked broadening of the foaming window when the dispersed phase domains are fibrillated due to the concurrent increase in crystallization kinetics, improved elastic properties and strain hardening in extensional flow.
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Munshi, M. Zafar A., and Ayad Ibrahim. "New Dielectric Polymer Film Capacitors for Pulse Power Applications." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60053.

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High voltage pulse power technologies utilized by the Department of Defense applications such as armor/anti-armor, electromagnetic/electrothermal guns, lasers, high power microwave weapons, etc. are usually satisfied today by film capacitor technologies. Commercial applications extend to a.c. motors, lighting, and automotive and implantable and portable defibrillators, among others. Film capacitors based on polypropylene (PP) and polyester (PET) have the ability to operate at very high voltages and with good reliability. They also offer high breakdown voltages, inherent low losses, excellent frequency response, low dissipation factor (DF), and good self-healing abilities. Unlike most other circuit components, existing capacitor technologies now present a barrier to achieving significant packaging (size and weight) reductions and struggling to meet market-driven performance requirements. The energy density of commercial film capacitors is less than 1 J/cc. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has a much higher dielectric constant (12) than commercial films such as polypropylene (PP) (2.5) and a practical energy density of about 2.4 J/cc. However, it has a number of drawbacks including non-linearity of the dielectric constant with voltage, very poor insulation resistance, poor clearing or self-healing ability, poor dissipation factor (DF), higher leakage currents, relatively lower breakdown voltages and is very costly. In recent SBIR Programs, Lithium Power Technologies demonstrated that by combining PP with PVDF in a polymer blend, one could obtain a material with a very high dielectric constant as well as other excellent electrical properties. Electrical data on biaxial oriented thin films and capacitors demonstrated very high breakdown voltages of 700 V/μm to over 1050 V/μm. In contrast, PP films and capacitors resulted in breakdown voltages of 220 to 560 V/±m. Preliminary energy density for the new dielectric capacitor was about 12 J/cc compared to less than 0.5 J/cc for PP. The frequency response data with respect to the DF demonstrated an almost negligible loss in dielectric activity at high frequencies. The new polymer dielectric offers a number of key advantages, including improved performance and lower cost per unit of energy. The technology is a promising candidate for the development of a higher energy density, high voltage metallized film capacitor for a large number of applications including, defense, aerospace, defibrillator, automotive, and electric power generation. This paper will discuss the development of this new technology and commercial potential.
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Janicki, Jaroslaw, Andrzej Wlochowicz, and Czeslaw Slusarczyk. "Structure investigations of PP-PA blends." In X-Ray Investigations of Polymer Structures, edited by Andrzej Wlochowicz, Jaroslaw Janicki, and Czeslaw Slusarczyk. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.267201.

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Barangi, Leila, Faramarz Afshar Taromi, Hossein Nazockdast, et al. "Interfacial Elasticity of Reactively Compatibilized PP∕PA6 Blends." In THE XV INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY: The Society of Rheology 80th Annual Meeting. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2964472.

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Tokumitsu, Katuhisa, Yuki Nakajima, and Kenji Aoki. "Mechanical properties of PP/PA blends in addition with PP-g-MAH with different PP molecular weight and MAH content." In PROCEEDINGS OF PPS-31: The 31st International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society – Conference Papers. AIP Publishing LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4942282.

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Machado, Ana Vera, Carla Filipa Antunes, Martin van Duin, and Martin Zatloukal. "Phase Inversion of EPDM∕PP Blends: Effect of Viscosity Ratio." In NOVEL TRENDS IN RHEOLOGY IV. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3604484.

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Shahbikian, S., P. J. Carreau, M. C. Heuzey, et al. "Rheology∕Morphology Relationship of Immiscible EPDM∕PP Based Thermoplastic Elastomer Blends." In THE XV INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY: The Society of Rheology 80th Annual Meeting. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2964753.

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Jahandideh, M., S. Shafiei Sararoudi, and L. Barangi. "Stress relaxation behavior of polyolefin polymer blends based on PP/HDPE." In PROCEEDINGS OF PPS-31: The 31st International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society – Conference Papers. AIP Publishing LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4942258.

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9

Torrecilas, H. V., L. C. Costa, and A. M. C. Souza. "Influence of MMT and PP-g-MA incorporation on the morphology and mechanical properties of PP/SEBS blends." In 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON “TIMES OF POLYMERS AND COMPOSITES”: From Aerospace to Nanotechnology. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5045921.

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Mourad, Abdel-Hamid I. "Impact of Blending Ratio and Thermal Treatment on the Mechanical Behaviour of Polyethylene/Polypropylene Blends." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61685.

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In the recent years, blending of different polymers is receiving increasing attention from researchers for various reasons including the possibility of creating a material or product for new and more industrial applications to meet specific processing and performance requirements that cannot be satisfied by a single component. Polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) and their blends have attracted a lot of attention due to their potential industrial applications such as piping systems in pressure vessels and pipelines. The main objective of this work is to study the effect of the thermal treatment/aging and PE/PP blending ratio (composition range) on the mechanical behaviour (tensile and hardness) of PE, PP and PE/PP blends. Samples of PE/PP blends containing 100/00, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100 weight percentage were prepared via injection molding technique and thermally treated/aged at 100 °C for 0, 2, 4, 7, 14 days. The tensile measurements indicated that the yield strength and the modulus decrease with increasing PE content. It was also observed that PE, PP and their blends deform in ductile modes. They undergo a uniform yielding over a wide range of deformation, which is followed by strain hardening and then failure. The strain to break for pure PE is found to be much higher than that for pure PP and for their blends, intermediate values have been observed. The hardness measurements have also revealed that increasing PE content in PE/PP blends reduced the hardness value of PP, however thermal aging hasn’t affected the hardness showing a good correlation with the tensile properties.
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