Dissertations / Theses: 'PET and PP Blends'

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Oromiehie, Abdul Rasoul. "An exploratory study of polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) with polypropylene (PP) blends." Thesis, Brunel University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363220.

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Kuzhanthaivelu, Gauthaman. "Investigative study of Biopolymer contamination in conventional recycling systems." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-15436.

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The recycling industry which is efficiently functioning now has technical expertise, contented consumers, and resource availability and capital contributors. The potential inflow of new material into this existing system should be able to fulfill all the needs of the stakeholders involved in it. With most of the polymer wastes received from the polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), they are available in abundant crossing the threshold quantity (Cornell, 2007) needed for the recycling process to be carried for every single polymer starting from the individual source separation till the granulation of pellets with active investment for the potential expectancy of returns in the recycling market targeting suitable consumers. Unlike other polymers like polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene (PP), biopolymers fail to fulfill the necessary criteria of being in threshold quantity to carry out the recycling process. With the very small inflow of biopolymers in the recycling industry, standalone recycling units for the same is not highly performed and appreciated. In addition to this, there are possible means and ways of the biopolymers getting infused into the conventional petrochemical polymers either through the mis-throws in manual sorting or in automated sorting. Though the studies so far don't have any substantial threatening effect over the biopolymer infusion, still it has its adversity affecting the industry by other means. The volumes of biopolymers are presently small and contamination of biopolymer in the plastic waste stream is presently not a problem. However, with increasing volumes of biopolymers, this can be a problem. Contamination could then be a future problem. This study investigates that problem and checks the truth to the claims of biopolymer infusion in the conventional post-consumer recycling systems affecting the quality of the recyclates. In order to investigate this, a biodegradable biopolymer (TPS & PHA) will be mixed into a conventional polymer (PE, PP, PET) at various percentages. The mechanical and thermal properties are then measured as a function of the percentage biopolymer. In a second part of the project, the blend of conventional plastics and bioplastic is conditioned in humidity in order to simulate what will happen to a conventional polymer that has been contaminated with a biopolymer in a humid climate.

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Gil, de los Santos Diego. "Efeito do uso de compatibilizante no processamento e produção de fios da blenda PET/PP." [s.n.], 1998. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266358.

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Orientador: Chang Tien Kiang Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T10:58:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GildelosSantos_Diego_M.pdf: 3846338 bytes, checksum: 236d6bd77c86a1c77d95cb220ea5b5d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998 Resumo: O presente trabalho mostra os estudos realizados sobre o processamento das blendas de poli(tereftalato de etileno) (PET) e do polipropileno (PP) numa escala semi-industrial. Analisou-se a influência da presença do polipropileno enxertado com anidrido maleico (PP-g-MA) como agente compatibilizante, sendo adicionado numa proporção de 3 % em peso sobre o peso total da mistura. As blendas dos materiais com e sem compatibilizante foram estudadas nas relações de PET/PP 75/25, 50/50 e 25/75, respectivamente. Inicialmente os materiais foram homogeneizados numa dupla rosca semi industrial ZSK 30 W 9/2 sendo posteriormente reprocessados numa instalação piloto de fiação da Plasticisers para a obtenção dos fios. As diferentes blendas e fios produzidos com elas foram analisados através de ensaios térmicos, mecânicos e morfológicos. Através da caracterização térmica obteve-se informações da cinética de cristalização permitindo a confirmação das avaliações anteriormente realizadas no Departamento de Tecnologia de Polímeros da Faculdade de Engenharia Química da UNICAMP com relação à aceleração do processo de cristalização dos materiais, estando um na presença do outro. Os ensaios térmico e mecânico demonstraram que o compatibilizante provocou a diminuição das tensões interfaciais. O aumento na orientação dos fios e as tensões suportadas por estes, associado à melhoria das condições de processamento mostraram a vantagem do uso do compatibilizante. As análises de microscopia eletrônica de varredura permitiram notar a influência da composição da mistura e da presença do compatibilizante na estabilização das estruturas morfológicas das blendas quando do seu reprocessamento para a obtenção dos fios. As morfologias das blendas obtidas na dupla rosca foram comparadas com as apresentadas nas amostras dos mesmos materiais produzidas num equipamento de bancada (Minimax Molder CS 183 - MMX). Comprovaram-se limitações do Minimax na simulação do comportamento dos materiais quando realiza-se uma ampliação na escala de processamento. Os ensaios de tingimento realizados nos fios das blendas constataram a possibilidade de uso do processo de tingimento em solução para as blendas estudadas Abstract: The results of the study on the processinn in semi-industrial scale of blends with varying compositions of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP) are reported in this work. The influence of polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) present at 3 % in the mixture was studied. Blends of PET/PP at proportions of 75/25, 50/50 e 25/75, respectively, with and without compatibilizer were studied. The materiais were initially homogenized in a semi-industrial twin screw ZSK 30 W 9/2 and then processed in a Plasticisers pilot spinning equipment to obtain the yarns. Thermal, mechanical and morphological characterizations performed with the mixtures and the spun yarns. Thermal characterization gave information on the kinetics of crystallization, confirming data of assays previously done at the Departarl1ento de Tecnologia de Polímeros of the Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazíl, as regard to the acceleration of the crystallization when both materiais are processed together. Thermal and mechanical assays showed that the compatibilizer decreased interfacial tensions. On the otherhand, compatibilizers increased the orientation of the yarns and the tensions they supported. Microscopy showed the influence of mixture composition on the stabilization of the morphological structures of the blends when they are used to produce yarns. These morphologies were also compared to those of previous studies obtained in a bench scale mixer (Minimax Molder CS183-MMX). The yarns produced from the blends of this study could be solution-dyed, which is of major technological interest Mestrado Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais Mestre em Engenharia Química

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ROSSINI, EDVALDO L. "Obtencao da blenda polimerica PET/PP/PE/EVA a partir de 'garrafas PET' e estudo das modificacoes provocadas pela radiacao ionizante." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11373.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:09:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 11256.pdf: 8935213 bytes, checksum: f4e37ab5ffb1e214eed65095f6f82563 (MD5) Tese (Doutoramento) IPEN/T Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Lin, Xiaodan, and 林曉丹. "Morphology and structure development of a PET/PP blend in extrusion, solid-state drawing and annealing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31240598.

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Erdogan, Selahattin. "Synthesis Of Liquid Crystalline Copolyesters With Low Melting Temperature For In Situ Composite Applications." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613306/index.pdf.

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The objective of this study is to synthesize nematic-thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (LCP) and determine their possible application areas. In this context, thirty different LCP&rsquo s were synthesized and categorized with respect to their fiber formation capacity, melting temperature and mechanical properties. The basic chemical structure of synthesized LCP&rsquo s were composed of p-acetoxybenzoic acid (p-ABA), m-acetoxybenzoic acid (m-ABA), hydroquinone diacetate (HQDA), terephthalic acid (TPA) and isophthalic acid (IPA) and alkyl-diacids monomers. In addition to mentioned monomers, polymers and oligomers were included in the backbone such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) polymers, and polybutylene naphthalate (PBN), polyhexylene naphthalate (PHN) and poly butylene terephthalate (PBT) oligomers that contain different kinds of alkyl-diols. We adjusted the LCP content to have low melting point (180oC-280oC) that is processable with thermoplastics. This was achieved by balancing the amount of linear (para) and angular (meta) groups on the aromatic backbones together with the use of linear hydrocarbon linkages in the random copolymerization (esterification) reaction. LCP species were characterized by the following techniques Polarized Light Microscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray Scattering (WAXS, Fiber diffraction), surface free energy, end group analysis (CEG), intrinsic viscosity (IV) and tensile test. According to these analysis LCPs were classified into five main categories (I) fully aromatics, (II) aromatics+ PET/PEN, (III) aromatics + oligomers (IV) aromatics + short aliphatic diacids, (V) aromatics + long aliphatic diacids. The foremost results of the analysis can be given as below. DSC analysis shows that some LCPs are materials that have stable LC mesogens under polarized light microscopy. In TGA analysis LCPs that have film formation capacity passed the thermal stability test up to 390oC. NMR results proved that predicted structures of LCPs from feed charged to the reactor are correct. In FTIR due to the inclusion of new moieties, several peaks were labeled in the finger-print range that belongs to reactants. In X-ray analysis, LCP24 (containing PET) was found to be more crystalline than LCP25 (containing PEN) which is due to the symmetrical configuration. Block segments were more pronounced in wholly aromatic LCP2 than LCP24 that has flexible spacers. Another important finding is that, as the amount of the charge to the reactor increases CEG value increases and molecular weight of the product decreases. Selected group V species were employed as reinforcing agent and mixed with the thermoplastics acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), nylon6 (PA6), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP) and appropriate compatibilizers in micro compounder and twin screw extruder. The blends of them were tested in dog-bone and/or fiber form. In general LCPs do not improve the mechanical properties except in composite application with polypropylene. A significant increase in tensile properties is observed by LCP24 and LCP25 usage. Capillary rheometer studies show that the viscosity of ABS decreases with the inclusion PA6 and LCP2 together. In addition to the composite applications, some LCPs are promising with new usage areas. Such as nano fibers with 200nm diameter were obtained from LCP27 by electrospinning method. The high dielectric constant of LCP29 has shown that it may have application areas in capacitors.

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Dogan, Erkan. "Ter Blend Of Poly (ethylene Terephthalate), Polypropylene And Low Density Polyethylene." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/4/1045574/index.pdf.

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This study covers the recycling of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottles through melt blending with low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP). In general, polymer blends are known to be immiscible and incompatible with poor mechanical properties. This problem is due to the low intermolecular forces between the components of the immiscible blends. In order to enhance the interaction and compatibility between these matrices, some reactive or non-reactive copolymers were used. In this work PET was treated with silane coupling agent (SCA) (low molecular weight reactive additive) for compatilization of LDPE-PP-PET blends. LDPE-PP-PET blends were prepared in different compositions (by weight) with and without silane coupling agent at high temperatures by a single screw extrusion and injection molding. Mechanical properties of treated and non-treated blends were studied in terms of tensile strength, strain at break and impact strength. Melt flow properties of blends were investigated by melt flow index. The impact fractured surfaces and thermal behaviour of the blends were examined with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), respectively. Through out the studies, good adhesion between PET and LDPE-PP matrix was successfully achieved by the surface treatment of PET particles. The adhesion was also observed in SEM studies. Also the variation in mechanical properties was found to be highly dependent on the number of extrusion.

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Kitaoka, Roberto Soji. "Efeito do uso de compabilizante e do tempo de processamento sobre as propriedades termicas, morfologicas, reologicas e mecanicas da blenda PET/PP." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267244.

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Orientador: Chang Tien Kiang Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-22T01:41:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kitaoka_RobertoSoji_M.pdf: 2907199 bytes, checksum: 90b4ac4c8e1839eda09fea930586049b (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997 Resumo: Neste trabalho são estudados os efeitos do tempo de processamento sobre as propriedades do Poli(etileno tereftalato) (PET), Polipropileno (PP) e as misturas PET/PP. Analisou-se ainda a influência da adição de compatibilizante, polipropileno graftizado com anidrido maleico (PP-g-AM), à mistura. As amostras foram processadas no ¿Mini Max Molder CS183MMX¿, à temperatura de '265 GRAUS¿C, com tempos de processamento de: 1 minuto e 20 segundos; 5 minutos; 10 minutos; e 15 minutos, em composição (PET/PP) de: 100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50; e 0/100, em peso. Também foram preparadas blendas compatibilizadas com 3% de PP-g-AM, em relação ao peso total da mistura. As amostras foram analisadas através de ensaios reológicos, mecânicos, térmicos e morfológicos. A caracterização reológica foi realizada utilizando o reômetro ortogonal de discos paralelos e eixos excêntricos, o ¿Mini Max Dynamic Tester CS-183DY¿. Foram determinados os módulos elásticos (G¿) e de perda (G¿), afim de observar algum tipo de degradação no processamento da mistura e efeito do compatibilizante sobre o comportamento viscoelástico da blenda. As alterações provocadas pelo processo de mistura na cinética de cristalização do PET e na temperatura de cristalização dos componentes na mistura foram estudadas por calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC), utilizando dois métodos: cristalização isotérmica e cristalização não isotérmica... Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital Abstract: This work the study of the effects of the processing time and compatibilizer addition on the properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), polypropylene (PP) and PET/PP blends. The samples were prepared by melt blending in the Mini Max Molder CS-183MMX, at '265 DEGREES¿C, with processing time of: 1 min. 20 sec.; 5 min.; and 15 min. The PET/PP blend compositions (wt/wt) used in this work were: 100/0; 90/10; 70/30; 50/40; 50/50; and 0/100; with and without 3% of Polypropylene grafted Maleic Anhydride (PP-g-MA). The samples were studied by thermal, morphological, rheological and mechanical analysis. The rheological characterization was evaluated by eccentric-disk-orthogonal rheometer, ¿Mini Max Dynamic Tester CS-183DY¿. The measurements of the dynamic modulus G¿ and G¿, were used to observe the compatibilization effect and polymer degradation on the viscoelastic behavior of the blends. The modification caused by the blending process in PET¿s crystallization temperature, were studied by Differential Scanning Calorymetry (DSC) using two methods: anisothermal and isothermal crystallization. The morphological analysis were performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in which it was observed a strong influence of compatibilizer and processing time in dispersion grade and phase diameter. The best dispersion was obtained with processing time of 15 minutes and compatibilizer addition... Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations Mestrado Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais Mestre em Engenharia Química

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Kong, Yi. "Structure and property relationships in PET blends." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7786/.

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Blends of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polycarbonate (PC) have been prepared by twin-screw extruder with and without added a transesterification catalyst - lanthanum acetylacetonate hydrate. The blends without added catalyst are completely immiscible over the study range while the blends with added catalyst show partial miscibility. The mechanical properties are slightly improved in the latter blends. Studies were made on the crystallization and melting behaviour of PET and both of blends. It has been found that the crystallisation was inhibited in the presence of PC, particularly in the blends with added catalyst for which the equilibrium m.pt. showed considerable depression greater than the other samples. Multiple melting endotherms are due to dual lamellar thickness distributions and recrystallisation during heating. Miscibility, melting and crystallisation were also studied by MTDSC which proved to be a powerful tool separating reversing and non-reversing events. The crystallinities of PET and blends were measured using the First Law method and consistent with those measured by density and WAXD procedures. Both blends annealed at higher temperature the thermal properties, phase structure and transesterification have been investigated as a function of time. Kinetics parameters were also determined.

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Parpart, Dawn Allison. "PET/nylon 66 polymer blends and carpet recycling." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9139.

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Cheng, Ka-lai Angie, and 鄭嘉麗. "The interfacial properties of PET/PP (20/80) microfibrillarcomposites." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31227223.

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Kegel, Mark Steven, and n/a. "Fibres from recycled post consumer PET/nylon 6 blends." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20070606.111448.

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The objective of this project was to develop blends based upon post consumer RPET and N6, and to evaluate the suitability of these blends to form fibres for the end use in carpet fibre. In the work carried out it was found it is possible to spin RPET/N6 biconstituent fibres over a wide range of blend ratios. All the blends studied have diminished physical properties when compared to those of pure RPET and N6. The processability of these blends also deteriorated due to the large increases in normal forces which manifests in extrusion equipment as die swell that often results in melt fracture. It has been shown that the morphology of the fibre controls the degree of decay in properties and die swell at the spinnerette. The blends that are rich in one phase, with the secondary phase distributed as elongated fibrils have shown better physical performance and improved processing compared to the blends 70/30 � 30/70, which have poorer properties and increased die swell due to there co-continuous morphology. In quiescent studies, the physical properties of the blends have had little deviation from those predicted using a rule of mixtures line. In and around the 50% RPET blend, die swell was observed to be extreme and this makes fibre spinning difficult. It was found that this was caused by a loss in viscosity in the blends and a general increase in normal forces in response to applied shear. The die swell phenomenon is a rheological characteristic of the blends, which was inevitably caused by internal capillary flow of one component in the other. IR spectroscopy has shown that there is little to no in-situ compatibilisation occurring during simple melt processing. However, it was found that significant interfacial compatibilisation could be achieved through solid stating N6/RPET blends. The FTIR spectra for solid state blends in figure 4.51 has shown absorbency in the 3300 cm-1 region after all free N6 was removed. This indicates that in-situ compatibilisation has occurred between the phases in the solid stating process and it is a time dependent reaction. The Burgers and Koltunov models can be used to predict the creep behaviour of the fibre blends studied. The Burgers model provides greater accuracy for longer-term exposure to stress. From the thermal results, the solid stating process significantly affects the melting and crystallisation out of the melt and the ultimate level of crystallinity. The contribution of the copolymer in these changes appears to be small. The physical strength of the fibres made on the laboratory line was only marginally lower than those made on a factory line. The morphology of the mid-range blends is co-continuous and that of the N6 and RPET rich blends is dispersed droplet morphology. Based on the finding, a N6 rich blends and in particular the 10% RPET blend is the most suitable for further commercial development as its processing, physical performance and post spinning processing closely resemble the pure N6 currently in use. It has provided performance and consistency throughout the processing and testing we have conducted.

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Kegel, Mark. "Fibres from recycled post consumer PET/nylon 6 blends." Australasian Digital Thesis Program, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20070606.111448/index.html.

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Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, Industrial Research Institute Swinburne - 2006. A thesis submitted to Industrial Research Institute Swinburne in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Swinburne University of Technology - 2006. Typescript. "July 2006". Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-156).

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Fu, Quan. "Solid state polymerization, processing and properties of PEN/PET blends /." See Full Text at OhioLINK ETD Center (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader for viewing), 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?toledo1122918876.

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Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Toledo, 2005. Typescript. "A dissertation [submitted] as partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Engineering." Bibliography: leaves 272-285.

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FU, QUAN. "Solid State Polymerization, Processing and Properties of PEN/PET Blends." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1122918876.

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Fekkai, Zakia. "Dimensional stability of biaxially drawn PET : effects of processing and material composition." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1991. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/32890.

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Biaxial orientation of PET for the production of high strength films for demanding applications, such as slot liners for electrical motors and sound and audio visual tapes, is a well established process. More recently biaxial orientation of PET has been utilised for the production of carbonated beverages, bottles and cans for processed food packaging to achieve high strength and impact resistance. These containers, however, are not suitable for hot filling and high temperature sterilization purposes owing to the lack of dimensional stability.

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Harwardt, Heike. "Behandlung von PP- und PET-Substraten im Argon- und Methan/Argon-Plasma." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=983031045.

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Calcagno, Carmen Iara Walter. "Estudo da morfologia, do comportamento de cristalização e das propriedades mecânicas de nanocompósitos de PET e PP/PET com montmorilonita." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13362.

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Nanocompósitos de PET e de PP/PET contendo montmorilonita foram preparados em extrusora e as morfologias desenvolvidas foram relacionadas às propriedades de cristalização, mecânicas e mecânico-dinâmicas. Vários nanocompósitos de PET foram obtidos pelo uso das argilas Cloisite®Na+, Cloisite®15A, Cloisite®30B e Cloisite®10A, sendo observada a formação de estruturas intercaladas e esfoliadas. O tipo de modificador orgânico da montmorilonita influenciou na morfologia da argila e nanocompósitos intercalados e esfoliados foram obtidos quando o modificador possuía alguma polaridade. Por outro lado, apenas tactóides foram formados quando o modificador era apolar. A argila teve um efeito nucleante e resultou no aumento da temperatura e da velocidade de cristalização do PET, sendo que o efeito nucleante maior foi observado quanto a Cloisite®10A foi utilizada. Os modelos cinéticos de Avrami modificado e de Ozawa foram aplicados ao processo de cristalização não isotérmica e indicaram que a cristalização foi mais rápida nos nanocompósitos do que no PET, pelo menos até 90% de cristalinidade relativa. O modelo de Avrami permitiu uma descrição parcial do processo de cristalização, enquanto o modelo de Ozawa foi válido somente na descrição do comportamento de cristalização do PET antes de sua extrusão. Nanocompósitos contendo PP, PET e Cloisite®10A (70:28:2) foram preparados e foi estudada a influência da adição da montmorilonita na morfologia e nas propriedades mecânicas dos mesmos. De maneira geral, a adição da argila resultou na diminuição do tamanho dos domínios da fase dispersa e, na ausência de um compatibilizante, a blenda apresentou uma interação fraca entre as fases. A adição de 1% de PP-MA auxiliou na dispersão da argila, originando uma morfologia mais homogênea. Em todos os nanocompósitos, a montmorilonita se localizou, preferencialmente, na interface PP/PET e na fase PET, ocasionando uma redução na velocidade de cristalização e na temperatura de transição vítrea do PET. O aumento da tensão no escoamento, do módulo de Young e do alongamento na ruptura ocorreu nos nanocompósitos compatibilizados e não foi observada uma redução na resistência ao impacto pela adição da argila. As propriedades mecânicas e mecânicodinâmicas possibilitaram sugerir que, quando PP, PET, PP-MA e montmorilonita estão simultaneamente presentes, eles podem constituir uma interfase, que atuaria de forma eficiente como um compatibilizante das fases PP e PET. No entanto, a adição simultânea dos componentes na extrusora resultou em uma morfologia mais heterogênea do que a observada pela adição de um nanocompósito de PET ao PP. O método de preparação do corpo de prova também influenciou na morfologia da argila, sendo que temperaturas mais elevadas e tempos de residência maiores favoreceram a difusão da cadeia polimérica na galeria. PET and PP/PET nanocomposites with montmorillonite were prepared in a twin screw extruder and their morphologies were related to the crystallization, mechanical and dynamicmechanical properties. The montmorillonites Cloisite®Na+, Cloisite®15A, Cloisite®30B and Cloisite®10A were used and the PET nanocomposites showed intercalated and/or exfoliated morphologies. The influence of the organic modifier of the clay on the morphology and crystallization properties was evaluated. Tactoids were obtained when only apolar modifiers were present. Nevertheless, it was observed that PET nanocomposites were intercalated and exfoliated when polar modifiers were present. The clay nucleated the PET crystallization process, and the nucleating effect was higher when Cloisite®10A was used. The kinetic models of Avrami and Ozawa were applied in the nonisothermal crystallization process. The crystallization was higher in the nanocomposites than in the pure PET, at least up to 90% of relative degree of crystallinity. The Avrami model allowed the partial description of the crystallization process and the Ozawa model was only valid for PET before its extrusion. The study of the nanocomposites with PP, PET and Cloisite®10A (70:28:2) were performed and the effect of the clay on the morphology and mechanical properties was evaluated. In general, the use of clay decreased the size of the dispersed phase, and the interaction of the phases was weak in the blend without compatibilizer. The use of PP-MA (1%) favored the clay dispersion and it produced a more homogeneous morphology. The clay located predominantly in the interphase and in the PET phase. A decrease in the crystallization rate and in the Tg of the PET was observed when clay was present. The yield stress and the Young’s modulus increased when PP-MA and montmorillonite was used. The addition of the montmorillonite also promotes an increase in the elongation at break, and did not influence significantly the impact strenght. It was suggested that when PP, PET, PP-MA and montmorillonite were simultaneous used, it could constitute an interphase that acts as more efficient compatibilizer for PP and PET phases. Nevertheless, the simultaneous addition of the components in the extruder resulted in a more heterogeneous morphology than when a PET nanocomposite was added to PP. The specimens preparation also affected the clay morphology and the higher temperatures and larger residence time favored the difusion of the polymer into the gallery.

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Jalilian, Mohammadali. "Impact of MXD6 on the Structure and Properties of Mechanically Recycled PET Blends." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1513354154142392.

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Sadi, Roberta Kalil. "Estudo da compatibilização e da degradação de blendas polipropileno/poli (3-hidroxibutirato) (PP/PHB)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-23082010-092455/.

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O presente trabalho desenvolveu um estudo sobre a blenda polimérica Polipropileno/Poli(3-hidroxibutirato) (PP/PHB). Os principais objetivos desta pesquisa foram estudar a compatibilização da blenda PP/PHB, a influência da prévia fotodegradação sobre a biodegradação da blenda e o comportamento individual do PHB frente a fotodegradação. As blendas PP/PHB foram obtidas nas composições 90/10, 80/20, 70/30 e 60/40 (em peso) numa extrusora dupla-rosca. O estudo da compatibilização foi feito para a blenda PP/PHB 80/20 contendo ou não 10% dos seguintes compatibilizantes: polipropileno grafitizado com anidrido maleico (PP-g-MAn), poli(etileno-co-acrilato de metila) (P(E-co-MA)), poli(etileno-co-metacrilato de glicidila) (P(E-co-GMA)) e poli(etileno-co-acrilato de metila-co-metacrilato de glicidila) (P(E-co-MA-co-GMA)). A caracterização dos materiais foi realizada através de análises morfológicas, químicas e ensaios mecânicos (tração e impacto). Os resultados obtidos permitiram classificar a eficácia dos compatibilizantes na seguinte ordem: P(E-co-MA-co-GMA) >> P(E-co-MA) > P(E-co-GMA) PP-g-MAn. A fotodegradação do PHB foi investigada expondo-se este material numa câmara de envelhecimento artificial por 3, 6, 9 e 12 semanas. O efeito da radiação UV no PHB foi monitorado através de mudanças na sua massa molar, estruturas química e cristalina, bem como nas suas propriedades térmicas, morfológicas, óticas, mecânicas e de biodegradação. A radiação UV causou uma série de mudanças em todas as propriedades analisadas. Estes efeitos, entretanto, não se mostraram muito severos e um dos motivos apontados para isso foi a baixa transmitância da radiação UV apresentada pela amostra de PHB estudada, o que gerou um perfil de degradação muito pronunciado neste material. As blendas PP/PHB em todas as suas composições foram submetidas à radiação UV por 2 e 4 semanas e tiveram a sua biodegradabilidade avaliada por ensaios de perda de massa e de respirometria de Bartha (medida da produção de CO2). Os materiais antes e após as diferentes degradações foram caracterizados através de análises químicas, térmicas, morfológicas e de massa molar. Primeiramente, observou-se que, antes de qualquer degradação, a biodegradação da fase PHB foi suprimida dentro das blendas, o que foi atribuído ao PHB constituir a fase dispersa das misturas. A prévia fotodegradação retardou a biodegradação do PHB e acelerou a biodegradação do PP e de todas as blendas PP/PHB. A maior capacidade biodegradativa do PP e das blendas foi relacionada à cisão de cadeia e formação de grupos funcionais oxidados durante a exposição à radiação ultravioleta. In this work Polypropylene/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PP/PHB) blend was studied. In particular the compatibilization and the influence of a previous photodegradation on the biodegradation of the blend were investigated. In order to understand the photodegradation of the blends it was also necessary to study the photodegradation of PHB. The compositions of the PP/PHB blends studied ranged from 90/10 to 60/40 (by weight). These blends were obtained using a twin screw extruder. The compatibilization was evaluated using a PP/PHB blend 80/20 containing or not 10% of the following compatibilizers: maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH), poly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate) (P(E-co-MA)), poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (P(E-co-GMA)) and poly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (P(E-co-MA-co-GMA)). The blends obtained were characterized through their morphological, chemical and mechanical properties (tensile and impact tests). The results obtained enabled the classification of the compatibilizers efficiency in the following order: P(E-co-MA-co-GMA) >> P(E-co-MA) > P(E-co-GMA) PP-g-MAH. PHB photodegradability was investigated through its exposure to artificial UV radiation in a weathering chamber for 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks. The photodegradation effect was followed by changes of molecular weight, of chemical and crystalline structures, of thermal, morphological, optical and mechanical properties, as well as of biodegradability. UV radiation caused several changes in all the properties evaluated, however, these effects were not very severe. These results could be explained in light of the low UV radiation transmittance of the PHB sample studied, which caused a strong degradation profile for this material. PP/PHB blends in all compositions were exposed to UV radiation for 2 and 4 weeks and had their biodegradability evaluated using the weight loss and the Bartha respirometer tests (CO2 production measurement). The materials before and after the different degradations were characterized by chemical, thermal, morphological and molar mass analysis. First, it was observed that, before any degradation, the biodegradation of the PHB phase was suppressed in the blends, most likely due to the fact that PHB was the dispersed phase within the mixtures studied. Previous photodegradation delayed PHB biodegradation and sped up the biodegradation of PP and all PP/PHB blends. The greater biodegradability of PP and blends was attributed to the chain scission and formation of oxidized functional groups taking place during ultraviolet radiation exposure.

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Stainton, Neil McVean. "The preparation and properties of dendric and hyperbranched polyesters and their blends with PET." Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1703/.

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Bandi, Suneel A. "HIGH PERFORMANCE BLENDS AND COMPOSITES: PART (I) CLAY AEROGEL/POLYMER COMPOSITES PART (II) MECHANISTIC INVESTIGATION OF COLOR GENERATION IN PET/MXD6 BARRIER BLENDS." online version, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1152638697.

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Holguin, Isabel Cristina Calle. "Estudo do comportamento do PP e PET reciclados submetidos a intempéries e suas possíveis aplicações." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/2015.05.D.24790.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade UnB Gama, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Integridade de Materiais da Engenharia, 2015. Submitted by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2017-10-10T16:42:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_IsabelCristinaCalleHolguin.pdf: 2971407 bytes, checksum: 829b98e946ad45fc287e65c6a011a289 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2017-10-10T16:46:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_IsabelCristinaCalleHolguin.pdf: 2971407 bytes, checksum: 829b98e946ad45fc287e65c6a011a289 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-10T16:46:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_IsabelCristinaCalleHolguin.pdf: 2971407 bytes, checksum: 829b98e946ad45fc287e65c6a011a289 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-10 Os polímeros são materiais que são amplamente usados em muitas tecnologias emergentes importantes, portanto, o reuso destes materiais que são descartados diariamente, principalmente o PP (polipropileno) e PET (polietileno- tereftalato) são extremamente sustentáveis. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é avaliar o desempenho e comportamento químico, térmico, mecânico e morfológico do PP e PET reciclados frente a intempéries com exposição prolongada ao ambiente, água salinizada e água quente a fim de propor diferentes aplicações para estes materiais. Inicialmente, houve a seleção de polímeros a partir de embalagens em PP e PET. Essas embalagens foram picadas e submetidas à moldagem por injeção. Foram confeccionados corpos de prova de PP e PET reciclados, e estes materiais divididos em 2 grupos foram expostos ao ambiente durante 90 dias para um primeiro grupo e de 60 dias para um segundo grupo. Após este período, os corpos de provas foram submetidos a inspeções visuais, microscópicas (MEV), ensaios mecânicos (flexão e tração), análise térmica (DSC e TGA) e análise química (FTIR). Com relação à morfologia dos polímeros reciclados e submetidos a intempéries, algumas alterações significativas foram observadas para o PET, principalmente o surgimento de trincas. A análise térmica mostrou que as curvas DSC revelaram que o processo de cristalização dos polímeros submetidos a intempéries diminui em relação aos polímeros reciclados. Já as curvas TGA não revelaram mudanças significativas na temperatura de degradação dos polímeros antes e depois das simulações, o PET reciclado apresentou maior resistência à tração do que o PP reciclado, mas, após o tratamento o PET teve quedas significativas, já nas análises FTIR foram obtidos resultados importantes a respeito do PET reciclado após a exposição a agua salgada quente onde foi observada uma mudança nos picos das bandas mais importantes do polímero o que significa uma possível cisão na cadeia principal polimérica. Polymers are materials that are widely used in many important emerging technologies, so the reuse of these materials that are discarded every day, mainly PP (polypropylene) and PET (polyethylene terephthalate) are extremely sustainable. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance and behavior of PP and PET recycled against weather with prolonged exposure to the environment, saline water and hot water in order to propose the replacement of aluminum in solar panel frames. Initially, there was the selection of polymers from PP and PET packaging materials. These packs were cut and subjected to injection molding. Specimens of recycled PET and PP were made, and these materials were divided into 2 groups exposed to the environment for 90 days for a first group and 60 days for a second group. After this period, the specimens were submitted to visual inspection, microscopic analysis (SEM), mechanical tests (bending and traction), thermal analysis (DSC and TGA) and chemical analysis (FTIR). Regarding the morphology of recycled and subjected to weather and environment polymers, some significant changes were observed for PET, especially the appearance of cracks. Thermal analysis revealed that DSC curves showed that the crystallization process of the polymer subjected to weathering decreases in relation to the recycled polymers. TGA curves showed no significant changes in polymer degradation temperature before and after exposures. Recycled PET had higher tensile strength than recycled PP, but after treatment PET had significant declines, by the FTIR analysis important findings were obtained regarding the recycled PET after exposure to hot salt water where a change in the peaks of the most important polymer bands was observed which means a possible split in the polymer main chain.

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Correa, Priscila Marques. "Estudo comparativo da influência da adição de pet e pp pós-consumo na produção do concreto estrutural." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/130090.

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A reciclagem é uma alternativa para o emprego dos resíduos plásticos; diminuindo custos e preservando recursos naturais não renováveis. O setor da construção civil tem absorvido parte destes rejeitos, tornando-os subprodutos importantes, os quais podem ter desempenho tão satisfatório quanto os produtos já existentes, além de ecologicamente corretos. Esse trabalho aponta uma nova utilização destes resíduos, propondo a substituição parcial da areia natural por PET e PP (ambos pós-consumo) na forma de flocos em diversas formulações, objetivando a produção de concreto estrutural com agregados leves para a aplicação na construção civil. A pesquisa foi dividida em duas etapas: na primeira foi avaliado o teor adequado (em volume) em diferentes tempos de cura para cada polímero de maneira a garantir um bom desempenho mecânico em termos de resistência à compressão. Nesta etapa, o teor analisado que garantiu o melhor resultado foi o de10% tanto para o PET como para o PP. Na segunda etapa este teor foi utilizado para verificar a influência da adição destes resíduos no desempenho mecânico e na durabilidade do concreto para 28 e 90 dias de cura. Foram realizados ensaios de caracterização mecânica, física, química, térmica e morfológica das amostras com e sem adição dos flocos poliméricos. Os resultados da primeira etapa da pesquisa mostraram que o teor máximo com melhor desempenho mecânico foi de 10% v/v. Na segunda etapa, houve um pequeno decréscimo na resistência à compressão axial nas amostras com polímeros quando comparada à referência. Amostras com flocos de PET obtiveram menor teor de vazios e, portanto, menor absorção de água quando comparadas às amostras com PP, indicando uma possível melhor interação do PET com a matriz cimentícia. Para as amostras com PP, houve um maior teor de vazios e maior absorção de água quando comparados às amostras referência e com adição de PET. Entretanto, o PP agiu como excelente barreira à penetração dos íons cloretos, reduzindo a porcentagem de carga passante em comparação ao concreto com PET e referência, o que pode ser considerado como um resultado promissor ao se considerar seu uso (PP) como possível substituto da areia. Recycling is an alternative to the use of plastic residues, thus contributing to the reduction of costs and preserving non-renewable natural resources. The construction sector has absorbed part of these residues, by transforming them into important by-products, which can have similar performance as the existing products and can also be considered as an environmentally friendly product. This study focus on the use to these residues to partially replace natural sand by PET and PP (both post-consumer) flakes in different contents (by volume), aiming to produce structural concrete with lightweight aggregate for civil construction use. The study was divided into two stages: in the first stage the ideal polymer content was evaluated at different curing ages in terms of compressive strength. In this this stage, the ideal polymer content that provided the best result was 10% for both PET and PP. In the second stage, this ideal polymer content was used to verify the influence of the use of these residues on the mechanical performance and durability of concrete for 28 and 90 days of curing. Mechanical characterization tests were performed, followed by physical, chemical, thermal and morphological characterization of specimens with and without the addition of polymer flakes. In the first stage of the research, it was observed a reduction in the compressive strength as the polymer content increases, except for the 10% content, which did not show major differences compared to the reference mix. In the second stage, it was observed a small decrease in the mechanical behaviour for the samples with polymer addition compared to the reference mix. In terms of durability, the specimens with PET addition presented lower void content and lower water absorption when compared to PP, which may indicate an improved interaction of PET flakes to the cementitious matrix. The specimens with PP presented higher void content and water absorption when compared to PET and reference mixes. However, the addition of PP seems to have acted as a barrier to the penetration of chloride ions, reducing the percentage of passing load compared to PET and reference mixes, which leads to the fact that this polymer (PP) may be a good option as sand replacement in structural concrete.

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25

Ko, Chan Uk. "Studies of blends containing liquid crystalline polymers with PET and related investigations of hydroquinone/biphenol polysulfone systems." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76036.

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The investigation of structure-property behavior of extruded cast films prepared from blends of thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyesters with polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Data were obtained which showed not only the temperature dependence of the moduli and stress-strain behavior but also the orientation effects that must be prevalent in order to explain the differences between the moduli measured parallel and perpendicular to the extrusion direction. Only at high liquid crystal polymer (LCP) compositions is the modulus particularly increased. The modulus enhancement with lower LCP content and utilization of process variables are discussed. Specifically, the extruder gear pump speed did not enhance Young's modulus at the same LCP content as extensively as did the effect of extruder screw speed. Also a study to synthesize and characterize new segmented copolymers that could produce unusual film properties are discussed. The approach involved the synthesis of high Tg (220 C) isotropic poly (aryl ether sulfone) oligomers of varying segment molecular weights. The thermal and mechanical studies of the copolymers have been carried out to probe the potential of these copolymers for signs of liquid crystalline character and to note their ability to thermally crystallize as well as to crystallize by solvent or strain inducement. Along these lines, thermal analysis, polarizing hot-stage microscopy, wide angle x-ray scattering and mechanical testing were utilized in this investigation Master of Science

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CARDOSO, ELISABETH C. L. "Desenvolvimento de espumas a partir de misturas polimericas de polipropileno linear (PP) e polipropileno de alta resistencia do fundido (HMSPP)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9485.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Dissertacao (Mestrado) IPEN/D Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Gunes, Kaan. "In-situ Ultrasonic Compatibilization of Binary Blends of Flexible Chain Polyesters and Aromatic Liquid Crystalline Polymers." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1252611659.

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Barth, Jan. "Kombinatorisches Compoundieren und mechanische Online-Prüfungen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-113594.

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Durch das Einbringen von Additiven, Füll- und Verstärkungsstoffen in eine polymere Matrix oder durch das Blenden unterschiedlicher Polymere ist es möglich, die Eigenschaften von Kunststoffen gezielt auf den Anwendungsfall hin zu optimieren. Gerade durch diese „Einstellbarkeit“ der Eigenschaften und infolge ihrer vergleichsweise geringen Dichte verdrängen Kunststoffe zunehmend klassische Werkstoffe und erobern so neue Anwendungsgebiete. Die Entwicklung solcher innovativer Kunststoffrezepturen (Compounds) ist jedoch zeitaufwendig und kostenintensiv. Um die gewünschten Gebrauchseigenschaften des Endproduktes zu erreichen, ist oft eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Zusatzstoffe erforderlich; somit werden entsprechende Rezepturen schnell sehr komplex. Bei der klassischen Materialentwicklung wird zumeist nicht erfasst/ermittelt, welche Synergien die einzelnen Bestandteile - positiver oder negativer Art - untereinander haben. Eine gezielte systematische Untersuchung dieser Synergien mit klassischen Methoden ist aus Kosten- und Zeitgründen kaum möglich. Für eine zeitgemäße Materialentwicklung sind daher neue Methoden gefragt, die eine schnelle Rezepturvariation, gepaart mit einem schnellen Eigenschaftsscreening, ermöglichen. Mit der Entwicklung des kombinatorischen Compoundier und High Throughput Screening Systems (CC/HTS-Systems) wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit eine, auch industriell einsetzbare, Basisanlage für die schnelle Entwicklung von neuen und innovativen Compoundrezepturen erstellt und hinsichtlich der Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse verifiziert. Das CC/HTS-System besteht aus: • einem Doppelschneckenextruder (ZSK 18 MegaLab) Eine entscheidende Besonderheit dieses System resultiert aus der Möglichkeit, die Materialzufuhr und damit die Zusammensetzung über rechnergesteuerte Dosierwaagen kontinuierlich zu verändern. Die im Vergleich zur klassischen Vorgehensweise somit vorhandene schnelle Rezepturänderung ermöglicht es in kürzester Zeit, eine große Rezepturvielfalt abzuarbeiten. • einer Flachfolienanlage Durch die direkte Kopplung der Flachfolienanlage mit der Folienextrusion wird der Rezepturgradient in einer Folie, im Sinne einer 1-dimensionalen Library „eingefroren“. • integrierten Prüfeinrichtungen Durch den Einsatz von in das System zu integrierenden unterschiedlichen HTS-Methoden ist eine schnelle und aussagefähige Charakterisierung der so hergestellten Rezepturen direkt online möglich. Erst diese im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelten und validierten mechanischen Online-Prüfungen, als neue HTS-Methoden, ermöglichen durch deren Integration in das Gesamtsystem ein schnelles Materialscreening, indem die im Rahmen des CC hergestellten Folien (Library) online auf ihre mechanische Performance hin geprüft werden. Die mechanische Online-Prüfeinrichtung wurde so konzipiert, dass drei unterschiedliche Tests simultan in einer Vorrichtung durchgeführt werden. Hierbei handelt es sich um: • einen Durchstoßversuch, • einen Weiterreißversuch (wahlweise in oder travers zur Folienabzugsrichtung), • einen modifizierten Zugversuch (wahlweise in oder travers zur Folienabzugsrichtung). Anhand dieser drei zeitgleich online gemessenen Werkstoffkennwerte sind Aussagen über die wichtigsten mechanischen Eigenschaften - Steifigkeit, Zähigkeit und Festigkeit - abhängig von der Werkstoffzusammensetzung möglich. Die Prüfeinrichtungen für den Zug- und den Weiterreißversuch sind so konstruiert, dass sie sich je nach Entwicklungsaufgabe in der Prüfeinrichtung um 90° drehen lassen, um auch mechanische Eigenschaften in und/oder travers zur Folienabzugsrichtung zu ermitteln. Durch das Entfernen der Kerbmesser in der Prüfeinrichtung des Weiterreißversuchs lässt sich dieser zu einem zweiten Online-Zugversuch umrüsten, um z. B. gleichzeitig in und travers zur Folienabzugsrichtung die Zugfestigkeit zu erfassen. Hierdurch ist es möglich, in einem Prozessdurchlauf das anisotrope Werkstoffverhalten rezeptur- und prozessabhängig zu charakterisieren. Die Entwicklung der mechanischen Online-Prüfeinrichtung wurde durch stetige Validierung der Prüfergebnisse abgesichert. Als Ergebnis dieser Validierungsschritte ist festzuhalten, dass die online und offline ermittelten mechanischen Eigenschaften gut miteinander korrelieren. Eine entscheidende Frage beim CC war neben der Korrelierbarkeit der mechanischen Eigenschaften die Zuordnung der Rezepturzusammensetzung - welche sich kontinuierlich infolge der Gradientendosierung verändert - zu den online ermittelten Materialeigenschaften. Hierbei ist das Verweilzeitverhalten des Gesamtsystems, bestehend aus Extruder und Flachfolienanlage, zu berücksichtigen. Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragestellung wurden zunächst verschiedene theoretische Modelle auf ihre Anwendbarkeit hin untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Double Backflow Cell Model die gewählte Versuchsanordnung am besten beschreibt. Als Ergebnis dieser theoretischen Überlegungen ist festzuhalten, dass für eine gute Korrelation von Rezepturzusammensetzung und online ermittelten Materialeigenschaften nur die System-Totzeit bei hinreichend langer Gradientenzeit zu berücksichtigen ist. Diese Arbeitshypothese konnte durch einen Versuch mittels Gradientenzugabe von Glasfasern von 0 w% auf 30 w% in Polypropylen und anschließender Glührückstandsbestimmung experimentell bestätigt werden. Im Anschluss an die Entwicklung und Validierung des Gesamtsystems (Gradientendosierung und mechanische Online-Prüfung) wurden die Möglichkeiten des CC/HTS-Systems anhand eines praxisrelevanten Zweistoffsystems, bestehend aus Polypropylen und verschiedenen POEs, welche sich im Viskositätsverhältnis zum Polypropylen und dem α-Olefin-Anteil unterscheiden, aufgezeigt. Durch das Blenden von Polypropylen mit einem Polyolefinelastomer (POE) lässt sich Polypropylen schlagzäh modifizieren. Bei einem solchen Blend aus zwei in der Regel nicht mischbaren Polymeren ist die sich einstellende Phasenmorphologie für das mechanische Werkstoffverhalten von entscheidender Bedeutung. Die Phasenmorphologie, also die Form und Größe der POE-Partikel, in der Polypropylenmatrix ist stark von der ausgewählten POE-Type abhängig. Um Aussagen zur Blendmorphologie zu erhalten, wurde im Rahmen dieser Untersuchungen die mechanische Online-Prüfung erstmals mit einer Online-Kleinwinkellichtstreuung als HTS-Methoden gekoppelt. Durch die Online-Kleinwinkellichtstreuung ist es möglich, simultan zu den mechanischen Eigenschaften auch online Rückschlüsse auf die Blendmorphologie zu erhalten. Diese Untersuchungen zeigten, wie die Morphologie und die mechanischen Eigenschaften korrelieren und welche Bedeutung der Auswahl der Blendpartner - des POEs – für das mechanische Werkstoffverhalten zukommt. Interessant war, dass die untersuchten Prozessparameter von untergeordneter Bedeutung für die Performance eines solchen Blends sind. Abschließend wurde die CC/HTS Methode auf eine industrielle Fragestellung - Dreistoffsystem bestehend aus Polypropylen/Glasfasern/Koppler – angewandt. Die Anwendbarkeit des Systems auch auf komplexere Werkstoffzusammensetzungen wurde dabei bestätigt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass mit Hilfe dieser Methode / Versuchseinrichtung die Compoundentwicklung deutlich beschleunigt und ressourcenschonender durchgeführt werden kann und die Ergebnisse mit den klassisch erarbeiteten Werten korrelieren.

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Chandrasekaran, Gurucharan. "Material Characterization and Modeling of Strain Induced Crystallization in PET above the Glass Transition Temperature." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1218053145.

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30

Ahmad, Azhar. "Functionalisation of ethylene-propylene rubber with glycidyl methacrylate in the presence of comonomer and in situ compatibilisation of PET/f-EPR blends." Thesis, Aston University, 2008. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/15263/.

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The main aim of this work was two fold, firstly to investigate the effect of a highly reactive comonomer, divinylbenzene (DVB), on the extent of melt grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) on ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) using 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis-(tert-butyl peroxy) hexane (Trigonox 101, T101) as a free radical initiator, and to compare the results with a conventional grafting of the same monomer on EPR. The effect of processing conditions and chemical composition including the concentration of peroxide, GMA and DVB on the extent of grafting was investigated. The presence of the comonomer (DVB) in the grafting process resulted in a significant increase in the extent of the grafting using only a small concentration of peroxide. The extent of grafting increased drastically with increasing the DVB concentration. Interestingly, in the comonomer system, the extent of the undesired side reaction, normally the homopolymerisation of GMA (polyGMA) was shown to have reduced tremendously and in most cases the level of polyGMA was immeasurable in the samples. Compared to a conventional EPR-g-GMACONV (in the absence of a comonomer), the presence of the comonomer DVB in the grafting system was shown to result in more branching and crosslinking and this was paralleled by an increase in DVB concentration. In contrast, the extent of grafting in conventional system increased with increasing the peroxide concentration but the level of grafting was much lower than in the case of DVB. Homopolymerisation of GMA and excessive crosslinking of EPR became dominant at high peroxide concentration and this reflects that the side reactions were favourable in the conventional grafting system. The second aim was to examine the effect of the in-situ functionalised EPR when used as a compatibiliser for binary blends. Blending PET with functionalised EPR (f-EPR) gave a significant improvement in terms of blend morphology as well as mechanical properties. Blending PET with f-EPRDVB (prepared with DVB) was much more effective compared to the corresponding PET/f-EPRCONV (without DVB) blends in which f-EPRDVB having optimum grafting level of 2.1 wt% gave the most pronounced effect on the morphology and mechanical properties. The presence of high polyGMA concentration in f-EPRCONV was found to create damaging effects on its morphology. However, the use of commercial terpolymers based on ethylene-methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (EM-GMA) or a copolymer of ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate (E-GMA) containing various GMA levels as compatibilisers in PET/EPR blends was more efficient compared to PET/EPR/f-EPR blends with the former blends showing finer morphology and high elongation at break.

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Camacho, Walker. "Analytical techniques for quality assessment of separated and commingled recycled polymer fractions." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Polymer Technology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3326.

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Different methods for quality assessment of separated andcommingled plastics from household and electronic waste havebeen developed. Especial attention has been given tospectroscopic methods since they are non-destructive andrequire little or no sample preparation at all.A wide variety of low molecular weight compounds have beenidentified in recycled polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylenefrom hard packaging waste by gas chromatography- massspectroscopy (GC-MS) after microwave assisted extraction (MAE).Low molecular weight substances such as alcohols, esters,ketones and fragrance and flavour compounds were detected inthe recycled resins. The major category of compounds identifiedin the virgin resins is conformed by aliphatic hydrocarbonssuch as alkanes and alkenes. It was found that theconcentration of aromatic hydrocarbons without functionalgroups, e.g. ethylbenzene and xylenes in recycled HDPE wasapprox. 5 times higher and equal to 120 and 35 ppb,respectively.The potential of near infrared (NIR) and Fourier transformRaman (FT-Raman) spectroscopy in combination with multivariateanalysis as a rapid, non-destructive and accurate analyticalmethod has been studied and the feasibility of these methodsfor at/in line characterisation of several properties ofrecyclates has also been explored.NIR in diffuse reflectance mode has been successfully usedfor quantification of antioxidants in polyethylene, thestandard error of prediction is almost comparable to the errorof wet methods, i.e., extraction plus liquid chromatography.The error of prediction of this method is 35 ppm for Irganox1010 and 68 ppm for Irgafos 168. The inaccuracy in thequantification of Irgafos 168 is due to the fact that thisantioxidant degrades during polymer processing.NIR and Mid-infrared (Mid-IR) worked well for fastdetermination of molecular weight and crystallinity of therecycled HDPE and acceptable errors of prediction, comparableto that of the reference methods, i.e. size exclusionchromatography (SEC) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) have been obtained.The present thesis also shows that NIR and Raman are goodcandidates for in/on line compositional analysis of mixedpolymer fractions from recycled plastic waste. Diffusereflectance NIR allows a rapid and reliable measurement ofpellets and requires no previous sample preparation. Thecomposition of binary blends can be determined with highaccuracy. The PP content in the PP/HDPE blends was predictedwith a RMSEP equal to 0.46 %w in the 0-15 %wt region and theRMSEP for PP in the PP/ABS blends was 0.3 %wt.The thermal and thermoxidative stability of recycled PP,HDPE and a 20/80 PP/HDPE blend subjected to multiple extrusionhave been studied by DSC, thermal analysis (TGA) andchemiluminiscence (CL). A decrease in Toxand OIT was observed after each extrusion step.The drop in OIT was sharper after the first two extrusions. TheOIT values produced by DSC and CL were in good agreement.However, CL provided more information about the oxidationprocess taking place in the blends.The moisture content in recycled polyamide 6,6 was readilydetermined by NIR in transmission mode and it could bepredicted with a RMSEP = 0.05 %wt. The accuracy of the methodappeared to be as good as that of the more time consumingthermal methods such as TGA, DSC and loss on dry (LOD), whichwere used as reference methods. The influence of differentamounts of water on the viscoelastic properties of nylon hasbeen investigated.Keywords:Recycling, HDPE, PP, blends, nylon 6,6, ABS,water content, MAE, GC-MS, NIR, FT-Raman, chemiluminiscence,low molecular weight compounds, antioxidant content,crystallinity, molecular weight, thermal stability,characterisation methods, analysis of polymers, blends.

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Gonçalves, Mathias Westphal. "Estudo do comportamento das resinas de estereolitografia Huntsman 5260 e Somos 7110 na fabricação rápida de moldes para injeção de PP, ABS, PA 6.6 e PET." Florianópolis, SC, 2005. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/102821.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-16T02:00:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Estereolitogrfia é um processo de fabricação rápida (FR) no qual a construção do objeto se da através da cura seletiva de uma resina fotossensível, camada após camada. Devido à boa precisão geométrica das peças fabricadas, este processo tem sido utilizado também para a fabricação de ferramentas como moldes para injeção de termoplásticos onde podem ser utilizados para a confecção de pequenas séries de peças. Porém, no que diz respeito à seleção e aos requisitos dos materiais utilizados para a fabricação rápida dos moldes, os critérios ainda não estão bem estabelecidos. No presente trabalho, estudou-se de forma sistematizada o comportamento das resinas utilizadas para a fabricação rápida por estereolitografia Ren Shape Huntsman 5260 e DSM Somos 7110 fomadas principalmente por grupos epóxi acrilato. O comportamento das resinas foi avaliado através de ensaios de tração em função do grau de cura e da temperatura, bem como o desempenho e o comportamento tribológico dos moldes fabricados com ambas as resinas perante a injeção de PP, ABS, PET e PA 6.6. A pós-cura térmica se mostrou como o método mais eficiente de pós-cura, aumentando a resistência sob tração dos corpos de prova, resultado de uma homogeneização na distribuição de tensões internas. Observou-se que termoplásticos com baixo módulo de elasticidade e tensão máxima são facilmente injetados em moldes fabricados por estereolitografia, sendo preferencialmente utilizadas para a fabricação rápida dos moldes SL, resinas com altos valores das propriedades citadas. Já termoplásticos com elevada tensão máxima e módulo de elasticidade apresentaram determinadas dificuldades durante os ciclos de injeção e nestes casos, sugere-se para a fabricação rápida dos moldes, o uso de resinas com elevada tensão máxima, porém com módulo de elasticidade intermediário que facilitem a extração da peça e aumente a capacidade de absorção de energia da resina SL. Polímeros como PET e PA 6.6 apresentaram uma forte força de adesão na superfície dos moldes SL, resultando em um grande aumento na força necessária para a extração das peças e (em alguns casos) na deterioração dos moldes, o que torna o estudo da compatibilidade química entre os materiais um fator importante na seleção de materiais para o uso deste tipo de tecnologia.

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Rondin, Jérôme. "Apport des écoulements élongationnels lors de la mise en oeuvre de mélanges PP/EPDM réticulés dynamiquement et chargés à base de graphène." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAE046/document.

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Le travail de thèse présenté dans ce manuscrit a consisté à mettre en avant un nouveau procédé de mélange des polymères développé au LIPHT lors de la mise en oeuvre de mélanges PP/EPDM réticulés dynamiquement et chargés à base de graphène. Ce nouveau mélangeur, appelé RMX®, se distingue de la plupart des mélangeurs existants par la présence d’écoulements élongationnels forts, la possibilité de mouler directement des éprouvettes à l’issue de l’étape de mélange ainsi qu’une étanchéité aux gaz et aux liquides. Après une optimisation des conditions opératoires de ce mélangeur, nous avons pu évaluer quantitativement l’efficacité du mélange dispersif par analyse numérique de tailles de particules d’EPDM dispersées dans une matrice PP. Le RMX® permet d’obtenir une dispersion fine (~ 1 μm) pour des énergies spécifiques et des temps de mélange inférieurs aux procédés existants. Des tailles significativement réduites ont été obtenues pour des mélanges présentant un rapport de viscosité élevé (p > 1). Ces résultats ont été attribués à la combinaison de taux de déformation en cisaillement élevés dans le canal de l’élément de mélange avec des taux de déformation en élongation majoritaires en entrée/sortie de ce dernier. L’impact des écoulements élongationnels sur l’intervalle de (co)-continuité de mélanges PP/EPDM a ensuite été étudié. Un décalage de la percolation de la phase dispersée (EPDM) vers les hautes concentrations ainsi qu’une borne supérieure de cet intervalle plus élevée ont ainsi pu être mis en évidence à l’aide de techniques complémentaires (MEB, extraction sélective de la phase EPDM, analyse rhéologique). Une procédure originale d’élaboration de matériaux TPV dans le RMX® a également été réalisée. La réticulation dynamique au moyen d’une résine phénolique d’un mélange PP/EPDM présentant une morphologie co-continue a été effectuée. Des taux d’insoluble proche de 100% ainsi que les propriétés élastiques des TPV formés ont permis de confirmer l’efficacité de cette étape de réticulation dans le RMX®. Une dernière étude a consisté à disperser une nanocharge graphitique lamellaire et conductrice (xGNPTM) dans une matrice PP. L’analyse par diffraction des rayons X, les seuils de percolation rhéologique et électrique obtenus autour de 7 et 8 wt% respectivement ainsi qu’un facteur de forme Af ~ 15 suggèrent une absence d’exfoliation ainsi qu’une agrégation importante des particules de xGNP A new mixing device (RMX®) based on elongational flows has been developed during this work. This device has specific technical features comparing to conventional mixers such as: variable mixing volume, direct molding of samples, air and water tightness. After an optimization of processing conditions, dispersive mixing efficiency was assessed on PP/EPDM blends by numerical analysis. Very fine dispersed morphologies were obtained for lower specific mixing energy and mixing times comparing to internal mixer (Haake Rheomix 600). Significantly reduced droplet sizes have been obtained for high-viscosity ratio blends (p > 1). These results indicate an enhanced droplet break-up mechanism in the RMX® which was attributed to the combination of high shear rates inside the mixing element and important elongational flows in the convergent/divergent zones. Impact of elongational flow mixing on the (co)-continuity interval of PP/EPDM blends was investigated. An important shift (~ 10 wt%) of the EPDM percolation threshold as well as a higher phase inversion concentration was observed. A combination of complementary techniques (SEM, selective extraction and rheological analysis) was successfully carried on in order to assess this (co)-continuity interval. Then, PP/EPDM blends with a co-continuous morphology were dynamically crosslinked in the RMX® using resole as a crosslinking agent. An original and specific procedure was developed for this purpose. Gel fraction close to 1 and significantly enhanced elastic properties after crosslinking confirmed the efficiency of this procedure. Finally, the dispersion of lamellar and conductive nanofillers (xGNPTM) in a polypropylene matrix was studied. Microstructural characterization by XRD and optical microscopy, rheological and electrical percolation thresholds (7 and 8 wt% of xGNP respectively) and corresponding aspect ratios (Af ~ 15) have shown no evidence of exfoliation

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Martín, Guillermo Palmer. "Estudo da viscoelasticidade linear e não linear de misturas de PP/PA-6 compatibilizadas ou não." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-19042007-155843/.

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Neste trabalho estudou-se o comportamento reológico e morfológico da mistura polimérica imiscível de polipropileno e poliamida. Como resultado deste estudo obtiveram-se valores de tensão interfacial entre 10mN/m e 13mN/m. A tensão interfacial diminuiu em até 87% quando a mistura é compatibilizada com polipropileno maleado. A análise morfológica no regime de viscoelasticidade linear quando avaliada uma morfologia de emulsão de poliamida em polipropileno revelou diâmetro médio da fase dispersa entre 1,5µm e 20µm. O diâmetro das gotas da fase dispersa diminuiu com a adição de polipropileno maleado chegando a reduções de até 98%, mantendo-se constante a concentração da fase dispersa. No regime de viscoelasticidade não linear foram testados modelos para avaliar o comportamento da mistura em fluxos de cisalhamento e extensão, sendo que somente para os fluxos de extensão foi obtida boa correlação dos resultados experimentais com as previsões teóricas. Rheological and morphological behaviour of polypropylene and polyamide polymer blend was studied. The values of interfacial tension were obtained between 10mN/m and 13mN/m. The interfacial tension decreased in 87% for compatibilized blend. Morphology analysis for linear viscoelastic regime shows dispersed drop diameter between 1,5µm and 20µm. The diameter of the drops decreased with the addition of maleic polypropylene reducing until 98%, keeping constant the concentration of the disperse phase. In non linear viscoelastic regime different models were tested to evaluate the behavior of the blends in shear and elongacional flows. However, only the elongacional flow results were acquired with theoretical - experimental corroboration.

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Le, Guern Cécile. "Séparation de déchets de plastiques par voie physico-chimique (flottation-moussage) en vue de leur recyclage : applicabilité au mélange PVC/PET bouteilles." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1997_LE_GUERN_C.pdf.

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Dans le cadre du recyclage des bouteilles en PVC et en PET, la séparation entre plastiques, nécessaire pour des raisons d'incompatibilité (chimique, mécanique), doit réduire à moins de 100 ppm la pollution d'une résine par l'autre. Cette étape est rendue particulièrement délicate du fait de leur densité similaire. L’objectif de nos travaux est d'évaluer si la physico-chimie de surface de ces plastiques, et/ou sa modification, permet d'envisager une séparation par flottation-moussage. La flottation s'appuie principalement sur les différences de mouillabilité entre particules. Les PVC et PET étant hydrophobes, un traitement de surface visant à rendre sélectivement hydrophile l'un d'entre eux est nécessaire. Dans le cadre du traitement physico-chimique envisage, une macromolécule organique a été sélectionnée au laboratoire (tube Hallimond) pour son action déprimante sélective sur le PET. Des essais de flottation en cellule pneumatique et la comparaison des propriétés de surface (chimie, mouillabilité, potentiel Zeta) avant et après traitement ont permis de montrer que l'action hydrophilisante de ce réactif est liée à la présence de calcium, ou, plus généralement, de cations bivalents. Le calcium, coadsorbé en même temps que la macromolécule sur la surface de plastique, permettrait la mise en place d'interactions électrostatiques. L'étude des paramètres, en cellule pneumatique, a permis de déterminer les conditions de séparation les plus favorables en terme de concentration en réactif, de pH, de granulométrie et de forme des particules. L’efficacité de la séparation par flottation est cependant affectée par l'hétérogénéité du gisement français de PVC. Malgré cette hétérogénéité, l'application à des mélanges réels issus du circuit de recyclage français actuel a donné des résultats encourageants. La quantité de PVC purifiée et la qualité du tri sont fonction à la fois du mode de lavage et de la forme des particules de PET. La méthodologie adoptée peut s'appliquer à d'autres mélanges de plastiques ou à d'autres mélanges contenant des plastiques.

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Liao, Tzong Neng, and 廖宗能. "Reactive compatibilization of PP/PBT blends." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75867036723310837121.

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碩士 國立交通大學 應用化學研究所 85 Crystalline polymers, polypropylene (PP) and poly-(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), are immiscible and imcompatible. In order to improve the compatibilityof the blend system, a mixture of the reactive compatibilizer. The reactivecopolymer containing small mount of MA is miscible with PP but the reactivefunctional group(MA) is unable to react with PBT. Addition of small amount of epoxy resin with multiple functionality is able to react with PP-MA and PBT simultaneously as a coupling agent. The in situ-formed PP-Epoxy-PBT copolymer can reduce the interfacial tension and enhance interphase adhesion of the PP/PBT blends. Thus, the mechanical properties of such a blend can be improved.Applications of such a combined reactive compatibilizer is able to solve the compatibilization problems of certain blends which are difficult to be compa-tibilized. Additionally, the polymers and epoxy resin employed can be easilyobtained. If this new concept proves to be feasible to significantly improvethe compatibility, the resulted products may have substantially commercial value.This project will study the reactive compatibilizer through extruder byvarying the composition, and their effect on the product crystallization behavior, thermal, morphological, rheological and mechanical properties.

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Tsai, Chih-Hung, and 蔡志鴻. "Reactive Compatibilized Polymer Blends of PP/PBT." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08088493591643138536.

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Chen, Jiunn Chi, and 陳俊錡. "A Study of Conjugate Fiber by Utilizing Blended Process of PET/PP or PET/PBT." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64275653204990673308.

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碩士 逢甲大學 紡織工程研究所 81 In this study, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polybutylene terephthalte (PBT) were blended under various ratio and melt spun into PET /PP, PET/ PBT bicomponent fiber. The spinning temperature range from 280 ℃ ∼ 300 ℃, water quench temperature 23℃ ± 2 ℃ and multi- step draw ratio range from 2.5 ∼ 5 times. The mechanical properties and morphology of the as spun blended fiber were study. The results indicated that when PET/PP blended fiber treated with NaOH solution to dissolve PET, a PP microfiber could be obtained. But PET/PBT blended fiber could not obtain PBT microfiber by treated with NaOH solution. This may be owing to the better compatibility of PET and PBT polymers. When the blending ratio of PET/ PP reached to 85/15, a PP island and a PET matrix were observed. The blending ratio of PET/PP became 50/50, a phase inversion could be observed and PP changed into matrix phase. A range about 0.0001 tex PP microfiber could be obtained by a properly melt spinning and drawing conditions of blending ratio PET/PP being equal to 85/15 and treated with NaOH solution. The WAXD pattern shown the as spun PET/PP blended fiber, a clear PP crystalline pattern was observed. After drawing as spun PET/PP blended fiber, PET crystalline pattern then could be obtained. From DSC data：a better compatibility polymers of PET/ PBT drawn fiber indicated a 256.7 ℃ melting peak down to 254.3 ℃ when the blending ratio from 90/10 to 75/25. But when the blending ratio became 50/50, a two melting peak were obtained in which 217.3 ℃ of PBT were observed. For the mechanical properties, blended fiber tenacity and its modulus depend upon the blending ratio of two polymers. The theoretical modulus could be calculated by Kerner's equation and the experimental results were also close to the theoretical results.

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Liou, Jheng-Hong, and 劉政宏. "PET/PP Blend with Bamboo Charcoal to Produce Functional Composite." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55617293874276792167.

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碩士 逢甲大學 紡織工程所 93 Polymer products are belonging to petrochemical compounds and uneasily decomposed in the natural environment. Besides, the process of extraction and purification of oil consume nature resources and result in environmental pollution. For recycling of plastic wastes and environmental preservation, this study focused on reprocessing of Polyester (PET) and Polypropylene (PP). In this study, Thermoplastic composites were made from blending virgin PET/PP with the bamboo charcoal by melt blending and injection molding. The mechanical properties and functions of these composites were investigated. The compositions of blended ratio were also studied in this work. Furthermore, dispersing agents and coupling agents were added to improve the compatibility between PET and PP and enhance the dispersion of bamboo charcoal in polymer matrix. This results of study show that the mechanical properties of the PET/PP (extrusion grade) composite were better than the PET/PP (injection grade) composite with 10 % and 20 % of polyester composition. After third extrusions, the tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural modulus of the PET/PP (extrusion grade) composite were still respectively maintained about 32 MPa, 35 J/m, and 2000 MPa. While the content of polyester is 30 %, the serious phase separation of PP/PET blend resulted in the poor mechanical properties of PET/PP (extrusion grade) composite. In addition, the presence of the silane used in this work didn’t improve the mechanical properties of PET/PP (extrusion grade) composite. While the content of polyester was 20 %, the mechanical properties of PET/PP (injection grade) composite weren’t significantly influenced with the addition of bamboo charcoal. On the other hand, the increasing of the content of bamboo charcoal in the PET/PP (injection grade) composite didn’t enhance the function of electromagnetic shielding and the quantity of anion. However, the emissivity (0.89) of far infrared ray of PET/PP (injection grade) composite was the highest while the content of polyester was 10 %. In addition, the surface resistivity and volume resistivity of PET/PP (injection grade) composite were respectively 2.47×1011~7.01×1011 Ω/square and 5.8×1010~7.01×1010 Ω.cm when the content of bamboo charcoal exceeded 6 %. The PET/PP (injection grade) composite still has the function of static dissipating.

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Cheng, Hua-Jen, and 鄭化仁. "Reactive compatibilized polymer blends of POM/PP." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14948796333493130667.

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Ju, Ming-Yih, and 朱明毅. "Reactive compatibilization of PET/PS blends." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28115401396190612702.

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碩士 國立交通大學 應用化學研究所 85 Since the improvement of mechanical properties and interfacial adhesionbased on the addition of styrene maleic anhydride random copolymer (SMA)was not as good as expected in the blends of PET/PS, a multi-functionalepoxy resin and polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate (PPI) were selectedrespectively as a trace reactive coupler in the polyblends of PET/PS/SMAto be a four-component blending system. The morphologies, rheologies,thermal, and mechanical properties were investigated, and it was disco-vered that both of these two couplers enhanced the physicomechanical properties as reinforcing effect compared with the non-coupled compo-sitions. But the results caused by the epoxy resin and PPI were differentin some degree. Tensile, flexural, and impact properties increased ob-viously with increasing the contents of epoxy resin, whereas the raisingof these properties seemed to be limited with the prsence of high PPIcontained. This phenomenon can be explained in terms of the different reaction behavior between epoxide and isocyanate groups. A strong bond-ing was created by the epoxide group to increase the compatibility in the blends, but the inversion reaction between isocyanate and hydroxyl groups and the self-cycling reaction of PPI occurred at high temperatureso that the promoting effects of PPI were reduced.

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Gu, Jia-Yao, and 顧家有. "Reactive Compatibilization of PET/PPO Blends." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64470224455980102119.

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Huang, Shih-Wei, and 黃世偉. "A study of PET/PMMA/ PP nanocomposites." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5uhzw3.

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碩士 國立臺北科技大學 有機高分子研究所 96 Nanocomposites of PET-Clay、PMMA-Clay and PP-Clay are studied in this research.The clay are exfoliated by acrylic acid living polymerization.The exfoliated nanocomposites are obtained with clay contents ranging from 1% to 10%. The tensile strength and glass transition temperature increase significantly after adding the clay.

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Bush, Jesse Daniel. "Rheology of lignin and lignin/PET blends." 2006. http://etd.utk.edu/2006/BushJesse.pdf.

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Chin, Hung-Chih, and 秦宏志. "Reactive Compatiblized Polymer Blends of PET/LCP." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52738945424684402311.

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Luo, Da Wei, and 羅大維. "Reactive compatibilized polymer blends of PET/PPO." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80543004424741914843.

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Liang, Mian-ya, and 梁棉雅. "The Preparation and Properties of Biodegradable and Dyeable PP/PLA Blends－The Preparation and Properties of Biodegradable and Dyeable PP/PLA Blends." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44626144446994201370.

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碩士 逢甲大學 紡織工程所 98 The purpose of this study is to improve the dyeing property of the polypropylene. Polypropylene and Polylactide were mixed at different weight ratios by brabender. PPgMA was used as the compatibilizer, and it intensified the interfacial interaction between PP/PLA. Adding nano-SiO2 to PP/PLA forms PP/PLA/SiO2 nano-blends. The dyeing property of PP/PLA and PP/PLA/SiO2 was discussed. The modified polypropylene was observed from its surface morphology and physical property using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), mechanical testing, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), dyeing property and decomposition of the test etc. In consideration of FTIR, PPgMA would react with PLA theoretically, but there is only a small portion, it considered as a physical blending. From TGA, the initial decomposition temperature decreased as PLA increased and it reached the highest temperature as 2wt% of SiO2 was added into PP/PLA/SiO2. From DMA, it showed that the compatibility behaved the best as 5wt% of PPgMA of blends was added. Form DSC, as PLA content increased, the crystallization temperature of PP/PLA blends exhibited lower in temperature. However, the adding of SiO2 into PP/PLA/SiO2, the crystallization temperature was increased. From tensile test, the mechanical property of blends was increased as both of SiO2 was added. From SEM, the compatibility of PP/PLA adding PPgMA was improved, and SiO2 was dispersed better in blends. For dyeing property, the dyeability (K/S) of PP with PLA was enhanced. The colorfastness of blends was in level of 4～5. From the potential decomposition test it demonstrated that PP / PLA showed biodegradable.

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WU, WEN-CHAO, and 吳文超. "The studies of the properties of polypropylene (PP) blends." Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88036956525897418534.

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Lai, Kuo-Wen, and 賴國文. "Thermal and Mechanical Properties of the PP/CF/SEBS-g-MA/PP-g-MA Blends." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87138194456221772606.

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Abstract:

碩士 萬能科技大學 材料科學與工程研究所在職專班 101 This study investigates the blending of thermoplastic polypropylene (PP) plastic pellets and carbon fiber (CF) filler with various weight percentages. Firstly, the blends were uniformly mixed with a twin-screw kneader at 180 °C and 50 rpm, secondly they formed composite materials with an injection mold. The thermal (TGA, DSC, melting index), mechanical (tensile strength and modulus, impact strength and hardness) and physical properties of the blends with various CF contents were investigated. Also, the blends were additionally incorporated with poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) -graft-maleic anhydride (SEBS-g-MA) or polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA). The above-mentioned properties of these new blends are also examined to evaluate the effectiveness of polypropylene modification. The results indicate that the addition of SEBS-g-MA and PP-g-MA can improve the dispersion of CF in PP matrix. So the tensile strength and impact strength of the blends increase with increasing CF content. Especially, the thermal resistance of the blends is significantly enhanced by the CF. However the glass transition temperature of the blends does not vary with the CF content.

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Lai, Chi Kit. "Crystallization and Morphology of mPE/LDPE and mPE/PP Blends." 1997. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0009-0112200611353843.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'PET and PP Blends'

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