Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'PET [Polyéthylène téréphtalate]'
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Swoboda, Benjamin. "Amélioration du comportement au feu de polyéthylène téréphtalate et d'alliages polyéthylène téréphtalate/polycarbonate recyclés." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199193.
Full textAmri, Amna. "Valve de substitution textile en polyéthylène téréphtalate PET : optimisation et fonctionnalisation du matériau." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67974.
Full textLe remplacement de la valve aortique par chirurgie non invasive TAVR est devenu une alternative au remplacement à cœur ouvert chez des patients à haut risque chirurgical. En 2018, plus de 300 000 patients à travers le monde ont reçu une valve aortique par voie transcathéter ce qui représente un marché mondial d'une valeur de 2 milliards de dollars par an. Cependant la durée de vie du tissu biologique utilisé pour réaliser les feuillets valvulaires dans les dispositifs existants reste une problématique à résoudre, car il existe très peu de données cliniques sur le sujet. En effet, l’implantation transcathéter impose des contraintes spécifiques, qui tendent à dégrader et fragiliser le matériau dont la durée de vie devient limitée. Le succès de la procédure TAVR favorise la recherche des matériaux synthétiques de remplacement valvulaires comme alternatives aux tissus biologiques, dont la durabilité reste inconnue. En particulier, la valve textile a récemment prouvé sa durabilité sur une étude In Vivo de 6 mois effectuée sur des moutons. La fibrose et la calcification restent cependant des facteurs critiques à contourner. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse s’inscrit dans la perspective de développer des stratégies pour améliorer labio compatibilité de la valve de substitution textile en polyéthylène téréphtalate PET. Dans le cadre de ce projet, deux stratégies ont été investiguées parallèlement pour limiter les problématiques de biocompatibilité de la valve textile. Premièrement, une fonctionnalisation de la valve textile au Polyéthylène glycol a été effectué pour augmenter son caractère hydrophile ce qui limiterait la fibrose. La valve est traitée en surface au plasma pour ne pas compromettre la flexibilité et les propriétés mécaniques du matériau textile. Une caractérisation du traitement ainsi que des études in vitro complétées par deux implantations in vivo ont été réalisées. Deuxièmement, un concept innovant de la valve hybride a été étudié. Ce concept consiste à élaborer un textile hybride composé d’un tissé de polytéréphtalathe d’éthylène (PET) auquel sera adjoint un textile non tissé de microfibres de PET afin de limiter la fibrose. Les caractéristiques physiques et les performances mécaniques de cette valve hybride ont été étudiées. Cette stratégie a été complétée par l’étude des intéractions du substrat de textile hybride avec les cellules. Des textiles hybrides de différents types ont été considérés pour démontrer l’influence de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques sur le comportement cellulaire. Cette étude vient confirmer le potentiel du concept de la valve hybride pour limiter le phénomène de fibrose Dans l’ensemble, ce projet de recherche a mis en évidence que ces deux stratégies ont bel et bien limité la fibrose mais ils ont révélé une problématique de calcification qui est critique dans la mesure où elle provoque la rigidification des feuillets de la valve. Plusieurs stratégies seront discutées pour limiter ce phénomène.
Over the last decade, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become an accepted alternative technique to surgical valve replacement for over 300.000 patients worldwide in 2018, representing a global market worth-2 billion per year. This non-invasive technique provides increased comfort to the patient but is today mainly used for critical patients who cannot undergo classic surgery. Currently, the valve material used in the TAVR procedure is made of biologic tissues. However, there is a lack of data about the long-term durability of biological tissues used in transcatheter devices. Consequently, future devices should be manufactured with a smaller diameter in order to be more easily inserted through already diseased artery networks. Accordingly, it is of interest to investigate the potential of synthetic valve leaflet materials as an alternative to biological tissues. In particular, textile valves have recently proven durability in vivo over a 6 months period in animal sheep models. Exaggerated fibrotic tissue formation remains, however, a critical issue to be addressed. In this context, the aim of this work is to investigate strategies to improve the biocompatibility of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) textile valve. As part of this project, two strategies were studied in order to limit the problems of biocompatibility of the textile valve. The first strategy consists on investigating the potential of PET textiles covalently conjugated with PEG to modulate the fibrosis formation both in vitro and in vivo. For this purpose, the surfaces of heart valves made of PET textiles were functionalized using an atmospheric pressure plasma in a gas environment enabling the formation of carboxylic acid (-COOH) groups on the surface of the material and further conjugated with PEGNH2. PEGylated surfaces were then characterized, and cell culture was carried out using rat cardiac fibroblast cells. In addition, an in vivo implantation of a PEG treated valve in a juvenile sheep model was performed and showed a significant fibrosis reduction. The implantation also revealed calcification issues that need to be addressed. The second strategy consists on investigating the design of a composite hybrid fibrous construction combining a woven PET layer and a non-woven PET mat, which are expected to provide respectively strength and appropriate topography towards limited fibrotic tissue ingrowth. For that purpose, a specific equipment has been developed to produce slight non-woven PET mats. These mats were assembled with woven PET substrates using various assembling techniques in order to obtain hybrid fibrous constructions. The physical and mechanical properties of the obtained materials were assessed and valve samples were manufactured to be tested in vitro for hydrodynamic performances. Then, a study of the interactions of the hybrid textile substrate with cells was conducted. Hybrid textiles of different types have been explored to demonstrate the influence of their physicochemical properties on cellular behavior. Results bring out that the composite hybrid fibrous construction is characterized by properties suitable for the valve leaflet function and for limiting the phenomenon of fibrosis, but the durability of the assembling is however limited under accelerated cyclic loading. Briefly, this research project revealed that these two strategies did indeed limit fibrosis, but that there is another problem of calcification that is critical as it stiffens the leaflets of the valve. Several strategies will be discussed to limit this phenomenon.
Beauguitte, Dimitri. "Étude du vieillissement électrique du polyéthylène téréphtalate pour applications haute tension." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20189.
Full textIn most high voltage gas insulated switchgears (GIS), electrical conductors are maintained by insulating materials based on epoxy resin. Due to economical and environmental problems (difficulties to recycle), these materials are subject to be replaced by thermoplastic polymers. This study focuses on the analysis of dielectric properties and behaviour of polyethylene terephtalate, intended to be used in GIS and other high voltage applications. Several properties of thick PET layers at initial state (breakdown strength, resistivity, dielectric constant, loss factor, resistance to partial discharges, conduction properties) are studied at different temperatures. An accelerated electrothermal ageing study undertaken under ac field (50 Hz) is presented in order to approach the limits of use of the materials and to evaluate its long term behaviour
Lienafa, Livie. "Synthèse et étude de copolymères triblocs à base de poly(éthylène téréphtalate)." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20208.
Full textIn this manuscript, we describe the synthesis and the study of properties of triblock copolymers containing poly(ethylene terephthalate) blocks. ABA and ABC triblock type copolymers were synthesized. In the case of ABA triblock copolymers, both poly(ethylene terephtalate) end blocks A are connected by a poly(lauryl acrylate) midblock B. The first step of the synthesis was the preparation of the PET blocks. Then, the lauryl acrylate copolymerization by ATRP using PET moities as initiators was achieved before the coupling of the diblocks in order to obtain the triblock copolymers. Several coupling techniques were tested, as, for instance, the "click-chemistry". A preliminary study showed that the ABA triblock copolymers could self organize in paraffin oil. The ABC triblock copolymers behaved as amphiphilic ones. The block C was a quaternarized poly(dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate). In water, this copolymer formed gels. A study of its diluted and semi-diluted solutions by rheology and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) made possible to highlight the PET role in the rheological behavior and in the aggregate microstructure formation
Deloye, Elise. "Effet de l'architecture de chaîne sur le comportement en injection soufflage de copolyesters PET. - Etude expérimentale." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00200808.
Full textMamy, Pépé Roger. "Etude de la réponse mécanique des isolants organiques solides au cours de l'application d'un champ électrique : cas du pet semi-cristallin." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30017.
Full textPetit-Boileau, Sophie. "Préparation de surface du PET avant métallisation : étude et comparaison des procédés laser excimère et plasma hors-équilibre." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066564.
Full textLuo, Yun Mei. "Modélisation thermo-visco-hyperélastique du comportement du PET dans les conditions de vitesse et de température du procédé de soufflage." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1146/document.
Full textThe stretch blow moulding process for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles generates important modifications of the mechanical properties of the material as it can be shown in an identification study of the orthotropic and heterogeneous elastic properties in the 3D region of the petaloïd bottom of PET bottles. The main topic of this work deals with the modelling of the complex behaviour of the PET during the process that is managed at a temperature slightly above the glass transition temperature Tg. In this range of temperature and considering the high strain rates involved during the process, large changes in the material morphology can be observed and the goal of this work is to propose a visco hyperelastic model to predict the PET behaviour under these severe conditions: large deformations, high strain rate… An original procedure is proposed to manage the identification of the material properties from the experimental data of recent biaxial elongation tests. On the other hand, effects of temperature are of fundamental importance during the injection stretch blow moulding process of PET bottles. Near Tg small variations of temperature have great influence on physical properties: an accurate prediction of the initial temperature field generated by the infrared heating is proposed. Also, the important viscous dissipation induces self-heating of the material during the process which is necessary to be taken into account during the numerical simulation. The identification of the thermal parameters is achieved by an experimental infrared heating study. The global thermo mechanical model is implemented and numerical simulations are managed using the finite element method to solve the free blowing of PET preforms
Luo, Yun Mei, and Yun Mei Luo. "Modélisation thermo-visco-hyperélastique du comportement du PET dans les conditions de vitesse et de température du procédé de soufflage." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807799.
Full textMagistrini, Catherine. "Caractérisation in-situ par ESCA de surfaces de polyethylène téréphtalate (PET) traitées dans la post-décharge d'un plasma oxygène de type micro-onde et caractérisation du vieillissement des surfaces après traitement." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10117.
Full textMayer, Grégoire. "Evaluations physico-chimiques et biologiques de polyéthylène téréphthalate (PET) après traitement de surface par irradiations LASER en vue d'applications biomédicales." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00381301.
Full textDans un premier temps, nous avons testé différents types de PET afin de sélectionner le matériau le plus apte à simuler le comportement d'une prothèse vasculaire, ce qui n'avait jamais été réalisé. Les résultats sont explicites, et démontrent l'intérêt de choisir minutieusement tout matériau avant de réaliser toutes recherches approfondies. Notre travail a permis de retenir le Melinex® (DuPont Teijin FilmsTM).
La deuxième partie du travail nous a permis de tester différentes sources LASER afin de sélectionner la plus performante vis-à-vis de l'amélioration du comportement cellulaire. Sans hésitation, le LASER excimère à 248 nm de longueur d'onde s'est révélé le plus performant en permettant d'améliorer les prolifération, vitalité et adhésion cellulaires sans modifier la morphologie des cellules. Ces bons résultats sont à attribuer aux modifications de rugosité, de tension de surface et de chimie de surface du matériau irradié. Ces travaux nous donnent l'espoir de pouvoir transformer le PET de simple matériau implantable en un véritable biomatériau dans le sens le plus noble du terme.
Dhahak, Asma. "Étude expérimentale de la pyrolyse de poly(téréphtalate d’éthylène) (PET) : caractérisation fine des produits et de leur cinétique de formation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0219.
Full textPyrolysis is the primary step in all thermochemical transformations of solids and therefore the detailed characterization of the pyrolysis products and the understanding of the involved mechanisms are mandatory. In this context, this PhD thesis aims to study the slow pyrolysis of PET using different analytical devices. In the first part, slow pyrolysis experiments (5 °C/min) were carried out in a tubular reactor for four final temperatures ranging from 410 °C to 480 °C. Unlike other studies from the literature, light products as well as heavy products were identified. The non-condensable gas was analyzed online using Gas micro-Chromatography (μ-GC), which allows acquiring the gas temporal profiles. The carbonyl compounds were trapped, derivatized and analyzed by High Performance - Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The waxy products were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and by Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) using an Electrospray Ionization (ESI). Some waxy molecules were quantified by Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry and Flame Ionization Detection (GC/MS-FID). The characterization of the solid residue was performed by FT-ICR MS coupled with Laser Desorption ionization (LDI). In the second part, the formation kinetics of volatile compounds during PET pyrolysis was studied using a Thermogravimetric Analyzer coupled with mild ionization methods (SPI: Single Photon Ionization; REMPI: Resonance Enhanced Multiple Photon Ionization; APCI: Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization). The combination of these different techniques allowed a detailed characterization of the products and consequently the identification of reaction pathways of PET degradation, which are mostly molecular pathways
Bouti, Salima. "Etude du vieillissement thermique à long terme du PET : application à l'isolation électrique dans des disjoncteurs haute tension." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL017N.
Full textFor insulating application, AREVA has chosen PET (polyethylene terephthalate) to substitute the epoxy resin as material for insulators in High Voltage Gas Insulated Substation. The main problem of this application is the fact that in operating conditions, the temperature of the PET plates would reach even exceed its glass transition [70°C-80°C]. The material undergoes aging phenomena which affect the temperature-dependent properties. The current investigation aims at observing and analyzing the gradual evolution of the mechanical, morphological and dielectric properties during thermal aging. To reach this goal, semi crystalline PET samples have been aged under vacuum at different temperatures i.e. 60°C, 80°C, 115°C and 125°C for various periods of time (until 12 months). The characterizations have been performed using several techniques: Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), wide and small angle X-ray scattering (WAXS/SAXS), thermo-mechanical analysis (DMA), tensile test and morphological observation.The DSC measurements show that the crystallinity ratio increases with temperature and time of aging. The glass transition has increased. However no significant changes have been seen on the melting temperature. The DMA results agree with the DSC measurement in so far as it has revealed an expected increase of the Young modulus for all the samples studied. Significant differences have been observed using X-ray scattering: while the crystallinity ratio did increase, the long period has decreased specially for the case of aging at 115 and 125°C. The DMA measurements showed an almost stable glass transition around 80°C but an increase for samples aged at 125°C. When the samples have been subjected to the tensile test, a significant brittleness rise has been noticed. In addition, the SEM has revealed the presence of important amount of nucleant agent (talc, SiO2, MgO …)
Bach, Campa Cristina. "Evaluation de la migration des constituants de l’emballage en poly(éthylène téréphtalate) (PET) vers l’eau, des facteurs d’influence et du potentiel toxique des migrats." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL081N/document.
Full textPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) is widely used for the manufacture of packaging for drinking water. The chemical safety of plastic materials intended to come into contact with food is strictly regulated by the European regulation No. 10/201, which establishes a positive list of authorized compounds for the production of plastic packaging. Despite this, cyto-/genotoxic and estrogenic activity of PET-bottled water has been reported. Chemical mixtures migrating from PET into bottled water may explain the reported positive results. The aim of this study was to assess the migration of monomers, catalysts, additives, and degradation byproducts from PET into bottled water. In accordance with the chemical formulations reported for PET, no phtalates, antioxidants, and UV stabilizers were detected into bottled water. However, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and antimony were found in PET bottled water. It was shown that temperature influences the migration of these compounds, due to orientation loss of the amorphous phase of the semi-crystalline part of PET bottles. This phenomenon increases the mobility of polymer chains and consequently, the compounds’ diffusion. Thus, it was found that sunlight exposure influences only the migration of formaldehyde. Indeed, no oxidation of the polymer chains was detected on the surface of PET bottles after exposure. The in vitro toxicological bioassays with human cell models (HepG2 and MDA-MB453-KB2 cells) did not show any cytotoxicity, genotoxicity or estrogenic- and (anti)-androgenic-like activity for PET bottled water
Quandalle, Grégoire. "Étude et modélisation mécanique de la cristallisation induite par la déformation des polymères : caoutchouc naturel réticulé et PET." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM033/document.
Full textThe present PhD thesis aims at a better understanding and modeling of strain-induced-crystallization. The phenomenon is characterized for two polymers: PET and crosslinked natural rubber. Strain conditions leading to strain-induced-crystallization are determined by thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis. The developing microstructure is observed by X-ray scattering.The PET is stretched in uni- and biaxial tension. A part of samples is rapidly quenched after stretching and another is submitted to a stress relaxation after stretching. The studies demonstrate that the stretching of PET does not enable the formation of a complete PET crystal with all its own families of planes.The crosslinked natural rubber is stretched in uniaxial tension and in shear preceded by uniaxial stretching. In shear, the crystalline phase, appeared during the pre-stretching or during the shear rotates and has a tendency to orient as the directions of the principal strains. The principal elongation is used to compare the crystallization under the different stresses.A constitutive modeling for visco-hyperelastic behaviors, in a complete thermodynamics framework of irreversible processes, is extended in order to reproduce le mechanical hardening related to the development of an organized/crystalline phase. The modeling successes in reproducing the experimental behaviors in uploading/unloading for various strain conditions