Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Petite économie ouverte'
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Pieretti, Patrice. "Déterminants d'une très petite économie ouverte : [thèse sur travaux]." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0009.
Full textThe research is based on the fact that a very small open country is constrained in at least two fundamental ways: * first it is very likely to suffer from a very limited demand as a consequence of a tiny domestic market (cf. Parts I and III). * second, concerning the supply side it is dramatically lacking in human, physical and technical resources (cf. Part II). The thesis is organized as follows: part I: the incidence of indirect taxation of a small state on cross-border shopping. A spatial approach is adopted. Within this framework two alternative settings are considered; the first is based on the Hotelling-Bertrand model and the second on the loesch variety. Part II: the externally driven growth of a small open country. In this context following issues are treated: * the set up (in the solow growth framework) of a basic model which grasps major stylized facts of a very small open economy. * the reconsideration of the basic specification a) by integrating cross-border labour (solow framework and endogenous growth). B) by integrating inflows of foreign owned capital (solow framework and endogenous growth). Part ii: foreign price sensitivity in a small country export sector: the case of Luxemburg this part is concerned with the (price and cost) competitiviness of a very small country which, as a matter of fact, produces almost solely for exports. In a first step the optimal behaviour of a representative exporter is modeled. This analysis leads to a testable form of the foreign price sensitivity of domestic firms. The empirical investigation is based on data from Luxemburg's manufacturing sector
Borgy, Vladimir. "Les fluctuations d'une petite économie ouverte : applications à l'économie française." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010072.
Full textChevallier, François. "La Contrainte d'endettement dans la dynamique d'une petite économie ouverte." Paris 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA010028.
Full textGente, Karine. "Les fondamentaux du taux de change réel d'équilibre dans une petite économie ouverte." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2001AIX24001.pdf.
Full textNyankiye, Francine. "Modèle de cycle réel pour une petite économie ouverte: le cas du Cameroun." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8277.
Full textApparu, Rodolphe. "La place des services dans la croissance : application à une petite économie ouverte, le Luxembourg." Nancy 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN20003.
Full textBecause of the former tradition in economy, the relation of the services in the growth is considered as negative, even disastrous. The services are generally told to be little productive and source of inflation. Thanks to the contributions of DE BANDT in France and GRILICHES in United States, thanks also in the development of the New Information Technologies, this idea is more and more questioned today. The weak productivity noticed in the services often ensues from problems to measure their product. Tools used to appreciate the productivity in the manufacturing are transposed into the services while they are not still adaptedto measure the product of immaterial activities. The object of the present work is to set up a model which reports the place of the services in the growth. Our works, which are inspired by those of ROMER and GROSSMAN & HELPMAN do not allow to identify the place of every service in the growth, but indicate that, in a global way, the services are source of growth and the produced quantities and the wealth of peoples. This result is not innovative in the sense where numerous activities of services are today considered for beeing the mainspring of growth, as described by GRILICHES, GORDON or DE BANDT. Our contribution is to present a theoretical model which justifies the emergence of the services through the rational behaviour of the producers (maximisation of the profit) and consumers (maximisation of the utility). This model is also used to try to perceive the impact of the dimension of an economy on its growth. On the basis of a study of the case of Luxembourg, it emerges that, in spite of of the smallness of the domestic market, and the weak human, finanacial and natural resources, the small dimension sometimes supplies a frame favorable to the growth because of a capacity of adaptation more important than the big nations
Watoukoula, Diassiloua Jean d'Arc Bienvenu. "Analyse des déterminants de l'inflation dans une "petite" économie ouverte en développement : l'exemple du Congo." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE0006.
Full textInflation as macroeconomic phenomenon include background a large number of economic questions aspects. Her efficient apprehension is a efficacious manner to dispose needfull factors to make adequate economics policies. Similar explanations cannot be given about inflation in differents countries because they are heterogeneous and everyone presente own specific characteristic : economics, institutionnal and structural. Thus some dominant theories can or cannot be valided in certains countries. Inflation analysis in congo's case revealed the existence of exogeneous and endogeneous mecanisms which have an influence on the level of inflation rate : (i) the structure of congo's productive system (his weakness); (ii) the dependence towards foreign exchange and his appurtenance into cfa currency area (through monetary and budgetary policies, and the over-estimate of cfa currency). In this way, the coexistence of "permissive factors" of inflation and the factors which moderate rising price, both theme generate the disguising mecanism in the level of inflation in congo's economy during 1970-1991
Lemus, Antonio. "Les effets des chocs internes et externes sur une petite économie ouverte : le cas du Chili." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100141/document.
Full textThe economic globalization is probably the main feature of the 21st century world economy, with economic integration and interdependence of national economies across the world particularly common in commodity and financial markets. Such a context greatly affect all types of economies though those small, dependent on commodity exports, and open to global financial markets are usually the most exposed. Having in mind this scenario, in this Ph.D. dissertation we explore the effectiveness of the Chilean fiscal policy and the effects of commodity prices and foreign financial shocks, on the Chilean GDP and other macroeconomic fundamentals using an empirical approach based on alternative vector autoregressive models.To understand the effectiveness of the country’s fiscal policy aiming at guarantying macroeconomic stability, in the Chapter 1 of this Ph.D. dissertation we study the dynamic effects of fiscal policy on the Chilean macroeconomic fundamentals and the size of fiscal multipliers. Chapter 2 examines how shocks to commodity prices affect the Chilean economic output, fiscal accounts and private consumption, based on correlations analysis and vector autoregression models. In the Chapter 3 of this Ph.D. dissertation we study the effect of foreign financial shocks on the Chilean real economy
Ould, Mohamed Yahya Cheikh Brahim. "Le rôle de la banque centrale dans une petite économie ouverte : le cas de la Mauritanie." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0015.
Full textDesgagnés, Hélène. "Le choc technologique dans un modèle dynamique de petite économie ouverte : une approche bayésienne pour le cas canadien." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26677/26677.pdf.
Full textMbaye, Ahmadou Aly. "Promotion des exportations et croissance de l’output global dans une petite économie ouverte : le cas du Sénégal." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF10202.
Full textIn this thesis, we have studied the relationship between export promotion policies and economic growth in Senegal. On the one hand, we have examined the impact of deprotection on resources allocation. On the other hand, the relationship between trade liberalization and aggregate output growth is more closely studied. Most of the conclusions of the protection theory could not be established by the empirical analysis performed in this work
El, Gemayel Joseph. "De la dynamique monétaire du processus hyperinflationniste dans une économie ouverte de petite taille : le cas du Liban." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010043.
Full textKolozsi, Pál Péter. "Libéralisation commerciale et politique de change : possibilités et contraintes dans une petite économie ouverte : le cas de la Hongrie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. https://spire.sciencespo.fr/notice/2441/53r60a8s3kup1vc9je5hhe4q4.
Full textThe thesis is based on two main ideas: the institutions matter concerning the success of economic policy during the trade liberalization process and monetary policy can be seen as a key factor from that point of view. The line of argument of the thesis is based on a theoretical model of trade balance, inflation and exchange rate. The model is applied to the case of Hungary and the Hungarian experiences back the main conclusions of the model: monetary and exchange rate policy is unsustainable if it is determined without taking into consideration the trade effects. The economic history of Hungary between 1989 and 2009 gives several examples for that unsustainability. Chapter 1 describes the development of institutionalism; chapter 2 demonstrates the importance of monetary policy as an institution from the point of view of trade liberalization describes the optimal monetary policy and explains why it is difficult to follow that policy. Chapter 3 presents the relationship between exchange rate policy and trade. Chapter 4 outlines the functioning of manipulative exchange rate policies. Chapter 5 presents the model deficit-inflation. Chapter 6 presents the Hungarian experiences and underlines that monetary policy focused only on disinflation has to fail and the independence of the central bank can even represent risks to the economies in transition
Borga, Ruthlande. "Différentiel des prix, volatilité du taux de change et inflation : les contraintes d’une petite économie ouverte : le cas d’Haïti." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G017.
Full textThis study aims to evaluate, on the one hand, the role of the inflation differential in the exchange rate volatility and, on the other hand, the impact of this volatility in explaining inflation and in implementation of monetary policy in a small open economy such as Haiti, a net importing country with the United States as its main trading partner. To determine the impact of the inflation differential on the volatility of the exchange rate, we estimate a GARCH model. The results of the estimation of the variance equation showed that a 1% increase in the inflation differential between the two (2) countries causes a 0.02% increase in exchange rate volatility. In addition, the volatility of the exchange rate has a positive impact on inflation. Following the estimation of the determinants of inflation by a VAR (1) model, the impulse response function revealed that after a shock, the pass-through of the exchange rate on consumer prices is more than complete after six months with shock transmission at over 100%. The effect increases gradually to 110% after two quarters then to 165% and 184% in the third and fourth quarters. In the case of pass-through on imported inflation, a shock of the exchange rate give rise to 2.7% on imported prices after two quarters and 3.6% in the third quarter. These results suggest that, unexpectedly, a shock on import prices does not have an immediate and significant impact on inflation, since its impact is estimated at 33% in the second quarter. Moreover, after one quarter, the variance of the forecast error of inflation is due to its own innovations. And after two quarters, the contribution of each variable to the variance of the forecast error becomes more precise. In this sense, about 5.61% of the variance of the inflation error is explained by the volatility of the exchange rate, 3.84% by the growth of the money supply M2 and 0.51% and 0, 02% by the variation of the import prices and the interest rate respectively. Given the dominant role of the nominal exchange rate in explaining inflation, does the Bank of the Republic of Haiti take into account the exchange rate in the orientation of its monetary policy by following a Ball rule? The results confirm that the Bank of the Republic of Haiti, rather than a traditional Taylor rule, follows a Ball rule by modifying its key interest rate according to the variation of the exchange rate (0, 65%). Similarly, the Haitian monetary authorities adopt a smoothing behavior since the introduction of the delayed interest rate has a coefficient of 0.81, which is significant. The dominance of the interest rate and the exchange rate, in the evolution of inflation and in the implementation of monetary policy, justifies the relevance of calculating an indicator of monetary conditions (ICM) by combining the two aforementioned variables. Two models were estimated: an equation of aggregate demand and one of inflation. The calculated relative weights indicate a larger weight of the certain exchange rate (-0.08) on inflation compared to that of the nominal interest rate (-0.005). These coefficients were used to calculate the real and nominal monetary Conditions Index (MCI). The coefficient of correlation between the nominal MCI and inflation was greater (54.62%) compared to that between the real MCI and inflation (-8.1%). Indeed, after an increase of inflation, the monetary authorities are forced to harden the nominal monetary conditions
Aman, Moustapha. "Currency Board et mouvements de capitaux dans une petite économie ouverte : modélisation en Equilibre Général Calculable appliquée à Djibouti." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0096.
Full textThe Currency Board is an exchange system in which the search for stability and monetary credibility is not based on a discretionary regulation of the Central Bank but on an adjustment mechanism assumed to be automatic: the dynamics of money supply follow the dynamics of foreign exchange reserves. This thesis focuses on the Djibouti experiment to study the functioning of a Currency Board. The Republic of Djibouti has the only existing Currency Board on the African continent since 1949. His longevity in a context of free movement of capital offers a unique and extremely valuable lesson. The resilience of institutional and geopolitical factors fully owned by foreign banking, and informal monetary practices (hawala transfers) explain this longevity. For instance, without the hawala transfers, there is no unambiguous relationship between the long-term dynamics of the balance of payments and the monetary base. The interaction of formal and informal sector provides a macro-monetary balance and stability.A static study of the fit of a general equilibrium (CGE) including the informal sector shows that the additional entries in currencies can be the source of an unlimited accumulation of foreign reserves and lead to a change in the balance between tradable and non-tradable sector
Arzelier, Marie-Pierre. "Impact d'un choc exogène sur la structure productive d'une petite économie ouverte : le cas de pays en développement exportateurs de pétrole." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX2A002.
Full textEl-Khalil, Youssef. "Les facteurs de développement industriel dans une petite économie ouverte en voie de développement : le secteur des biens capitaux au Liban." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF10170.
Full textSince her independance in 1943, Lebanon has followed an economic policy close to « laisser-faire » with government intervention concentrating on infrastructure in the capital. The mainstream political vision always conceptualized the country as a center of services, thus depriving agriculture and industry from government intervention and aid. The aim of this thesis is to propose the main headlines of an appropriate industrial policy for Lebanon at the time where the country is embarking into a period of massive post-war reconstruction after a prolonged governmental absence from the planning scene. The study is undertaken through an analysis of the classical factors affecting industrial development in the case of the Lebanese capital goods sector. The choice of the latter is made because of its importance in the development economics theory, it’s growing share within the Lebanese economy as well as its ability to interact with the different economic sectors among which construction
Hoarau, Jean-François. "Le mésalignement du taux de change réel dans le cadre d'une petite économie ouverte : causes, procédures d'estimation et politiques de correction : une application à l'économie Australienne." La Réunion, 2004. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/04_18_Hoarau.pdf.
Full textThis thesis aims at analysing the conceptual and operational aspects of the real exchange rate misalignment for a small open economy. The first part focuses on the theoretical definition of the real misalignment. For that purpose, we introduce a new version of the NATREX model which studies the importance of several crucial structural parameters and the effect of a set of fondamental determinants on the equilibrium real exchange rate. The second part deals with the operational aspects of the real misalignment for Australia over the period 1976-2000. On one hand, we determine by means of econometric tools some indicators for the equilibrium real exchange rate and the misalignment, and the possible presence of structural breaks in the misalignment behavior. On the hand, we show that economic policy holds a decisive place in the real exchange rate distortions analysis. Indeed, this one can be both a cause of and a cure for the misalignment
Culem, Claudy. "Performances à l'exportation, structure industrielle et compétitivité dans une petite économie ouverte à la dérive: le cas de la Belgique, 1970-1980." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213455.
Full textHostert, Marc. "Stratégie d'internationalisation d'une Petite Economie Mature Ouverte (PEMO) : le cas du Luxembourg : déterminants, défis et leviers." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015608.
Full textHostert, Marc. "Stratégie d’internationalisation d’une Petite Economie Mature Ouverte (PEMO) : le cas du Luxembourg : déterminants, défis et leviers." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0905/document.
Full textTogether with increased economic and political openness, a location’s or territory’s attractiveness and competitiveness for foreign direct investment (FDI) are key elements for intensifying investment and trade flows.For countries, especially those without a national market of significant scale, establishing a way to identify and analyse priorities for economic development is fundamental.This research defines a general analytical framework applicable to the concepts of attractiveness and competitiveness, and, building on this framework, develops a specific model that could assist key institutions as to identify their preferred orientations in the specific context of an economy considered as a small open mature economy (SOME), in particular, Luxembourg.This research will lead to the definition of a prospective structured approach by:- providing a list of factors which potentially influence the competitiveness and attractiveness of SOMEs; this list having been validated with respect to Luxembourgby national decision makers;- establishing a method for analysing the current situation regarding attractiveness and competitiveness in Luxembourg; and- identifying priority sectors for FDI that could be targeted in a specific location/territory of reference such as Luxembourg
Deville, Hervé. "Analyse des relations entre le secteur ouvert et le secteur protégé d'une petite économie ouverte et incidences sectorielles des politiques économiques: application au cas de la Belgique au moyen d'une analyse de déséquilibre." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212765.
Full textGallic, Ewen. "Climate change and agriculture." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G007/document.
Full textGlobal climate is warming, and the effects of climate change are associated with a lot of uncertainty. Not only average temperatures are expected to rise, but also the occurrence of extreme events such as floods or droughts. Agriculture is particularly at risk, due to the importance of weather conditions in production. This thesis therefore aims at investigating the relationship between weather variations and agricultural production, to better assess the potential effects of climate change on agriculture, relying on both theoretical and empirical methods. The first two chapters focus on developing countries and provide two empirical studies based on Indian data at the individual farm level that link climate to agricultural production and profits and to consumption decisions. We find contrasted results, with an overall damaging effect of climate change scenarios on Indian agricultural production and profits, especially for farmers in southern India. Irrigation may however help mitigating the losses, as well as crop mixing, particularly for small farms. The last two chapters consider developed countries. The first step focuses on crop yields in Europe. Under the tested climate scenarios, wheat yields are projected to slightly increase by the end of the 21$^\textrm{st}$ century relative to the observed yields from the past 25 years. These small gains are however accompanied by a lot of regional heterogeneity. For European corn yields, the projections highlight small gains in by the middle of the 21$^\textrm{st}$ century, followed by relatively higher losses in the long run. The second step relies on a general equilibrium approach, and aims at investigating the short-run impacts of weather shocks on business cycles, through their damaging effects on agriculture. Increasing the variance of climate shocks in accordance with forthcoming climate change leads to a sizeable increase in the volatility of key macroeconomic variables, such as production and inflation
Bou, habib Chadi. "Flux internationaux, hypertrophie bancaire et syndrome hollandais dans les petites économies ouvertes." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO22014/document.
Full textForeign financial inflows have developed quickly in the past 40 years. These inflows have increased the ability of the banking sector to further finance domestic demand. The transformation of foreign financial inflows into an income and demand shock generates Dutch Disease adjustments; with change in relative prices and adjustments in the productive system, resources movement, and change in the absolute and relative remunerations of factors of production. The phenomenon is of great importance in the case of small open economies that are price takers in the international market and exposed to exogenous shocks. We conceptualize the transmission of the shock and the adjustments over different time horizons for an economy composed of two sectors; one producing traded goods and the other producing non-traded goods. This economy is endowed with two factors of production, labor and capital, substitutable and mobile as time elapses. We experiment this conceptual framework in the cases of Lebanon, Luxemburg, and Iceland; the three economies having large banking sectors and benefiting from large foreign financial inflows prior to the 2008 crisis. We find that the direction and intensity of adjustments over the medium term depend on the differential of capital intensity between sectors. Over the longer term, the supply of factors of production would change. We also simulate the impact of policy choices, with focus on reserves policies, policies of money and credit, fiscal policies, and structural policies. The combination of measures leads to better results without putting the burden of the mitigation of adjustments on one single policy instrument
Hadjali, Sadek. "Les systèmes monétaire et financier des petites économies ouvertes dans la mouvance des espaces monétaires régionaux et de la finance internationale : le cas du Luxembourg." Orléans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ORLE0501.
Full textThe small open economy, because of its geographical and demographical small dimensions is characterised by an extremely open market of goods and services. In the light of the Luxemburg monetary experience, it appears that a small nation whose system is undoubtedly bound to that an often neighbouring "big brother" is deprived in the short or long run of its monetary policy instruments, expecially when it lacks a central bank. Since the Belgian and Luxemburg economies are structurally divergent, it shows that it is to the interest of Luxemburg to fix tightly its currency with respect to the ecu, a stable standard whose value reflects the weighed mean of the currencies of its main trading partners. The diversification of its economy has resulted in an emergence of a fantastic and very competitive offshore financial center whose local repercussions make of the services sector the second nerve of the economy. The financial center is particularly specialised in the ecu market, in the eurobonds quoting, and in private banking. Although it shelters an important euro-dm market, Luxemburg does not contribute to the creation of this currency
Mfouapon, Alassa. "Conception et estimation d'un modèle DSGE pour la prévision macroéconomique : un petit modèle d'économie ouverte pour le Cameroun." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020076/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at analyzing the macroeconomic dynamics of the Cameroonian economy. It begins with a quantitative analysis of the business cycle in Cameroon, based on annual macroeconomic data, especially gathered for this purpose. This preliminary inquiry highlights a number of features that can be accounted for in a new-keynesian modelling framework. A dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model of the new-keynesian family is thus constructed as a mean of describing the salient feautures of the Cameroonian economy. It has the traditional blocks of new-keynesian DSGE models (Sticky prices and wages, adjustment costs, etc). But it also accounts for a number of characteristics of the Cameroonian economy that are shown to be influential in the dynamics of the cameroonian economy (e.g. oil revenues or primary goods exports). The model is then estimated and evaluated, based on a Bayesian approach. Its forecasting performance is also assessed through comparison to the performances of a random walk model, a vector autoregressive (VAR) model and a Bayesian VAR (BVAR) model. It turns out that, at least for short horizons, the DSGE model shows the highest perfromance. As to macroeconomic fluctuations, the estimated model suggests that commodity price shocks generate an output expansion, an increase in employment and a fall in inflation. In addition, oil price shocks have a direct impact on marginal costs which increase and provoke a rising in inflation while output and employment tend to fall. Foreign shoks and domestic supply shocks account for a large share of output and investment fluctuations. The evolution of output over the whole sample is dominated by commodity price shocks and oil price shocks as one would expect
Ben, Arfa Nabil. "Mécanismes de propagation et politiques de gestion des chocs exogènes dans les petites économies ouvertes : étude de cas de la France et de quelques pays du Centre et de l'Est de l'Europe." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0023.
Full textThe concept of fluctuations resulting from the interaction of endogenous dynamic of an economic system and exogenous impulses occupies an important place in the analysis of economic disturbances. It is within this framework of analysis in terms of impulse and propagation mechanisms that our research work takes place. We proposed throughout this thesis, empirical exercises (SVAR models, DSGE models) whose objective is to identify the nature of shocks which caused economic fluctuations in small open economies -France and the Central and Eastern European countries candidates to membership-, to check the mechanisms of their propagation and to underline the principal recommendations as regards to economic policies. The results raised from empirical application relating to the French economy reveal a rather serious vulnerability to domestic shocks with a prevalence of supply shocks. Nevertheless, and in spite of the mitigated role of external shocks, the French economy remains sensitive to international disturbances in particular those relating to prices of imported energies. Concerning the small economies of Central and Eastern Europe, the results of our investigations show that joining the E. M. U is not yet possible. Indeed, exercises of identification of the nature of shocks to which these countries are exposed lead us to think that they are rather asymmetric and that business cycles of the majority of countries sample are rather divergent from those of euro area. The considerable efforts on adaptation of their policies with those of E. M. U are unfortunately insufficient
Resende, Carlos de. "Essais sur la détermination du niveau des prix et sur les petites économies ouvertes avec des contraintes d'endettement." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/726.
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