Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Petites exploitations agricoles'
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Lecole, Pauline. "Les petites exploitations agricoles françaises." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSAM0036/document.
Full textSmall farms (identified by statistical services as farms with a standard output of less than 25000€) are relatively unknown and condemned to disappear by French and European agricultural modernization policies. In the 2010 agricultural census, 178 000 farms are counted as small farms, representing more than 36% of metropolitan French farms. In the first chapter, we present a statistical description of small farms in comparison with medium and large farms. Small farms are mostly run by elderly farmers with low levels of education/training who work half-time on the farm and have little additional workforce. In the second chapter, we implement a typology of small farms using a mixed classification method. We obtain five different groups and deduce potential strategies developed by small farms. These strategies are partially confirmed by the study of different small farms trajectories between 2000 and 2010. We find farmers close to cessation of farming, as well as farmers in the setting-up stage and farmers who are not in a transition phase. This statistical analysis is completed in the third chapter by field surveys. The first survey is administered in less favored areas of the Baronnies of the Pyrénées, and the second one in the peri-urban area of Montpellier. These surveys are complemented by statistical data from the 2010 agricultural census to assess the environmental, social and economic contributions of small farms. The fourth chapter focuses on the Common Agricultural Policy. With the enlargement of the EU, small farms found a place in political discourse. We suggest ways of adapting the 2014-2020 CAP support schemes to small farms. We study the Small Farms Scheme and its advantages as a simplified scheme involving an unconditional flat-rate. We then review measures to favour employment in small farms and measures to facilitate setting-up and access to agricultural land
Bacque, Martine Mayaud Jean-Luc. "Petites exploitations rurales en Pays basque français (1850-1900)." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2004. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx//theses/lyon2/2004/bacque_m.
Full textBäcklund, Dan. "I industrisamhällets utkant : småbrukets omvandling i Lappmarken 1870-1970 /." Umeå : Institutionen för ekonomisk historia, Univ : Länsmuseet, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608825v.
Full textBacque, Martine. "Petites exploitations rurales en Pays basque français (1850-1900)." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/bacque_m.
Full textThe triumph of small farming units during the 19th century is an apparent paradox that raises the question of how they could survive. Farming, livestock production and pluriactivity, including temporary migrations, were so closely combined in such farming units that it is difficult to distinguish between the farm and household economies. Farming production was somewhat protected from market fluctuations by autoconsumption and nearly exclusive use of family labour. Far from living in autarky, however, the farms were involved in a complex system of exchanges and were quite active on livestock market. The reason why they were still viable, though showing deficit and debts, probably lies in their ability to provide the family with a sufficient welfare level for subsisting and maintaining its rank. They obeyed the logic of a household-oriented economy, aimed at the reproduction of the household group and the transmission of family assets, which allowed the staying in the country of a strong rural community
Gonzalez, Diez Amparo. "Innovation rurale et organisations des producteurs : évaluation des interventions de l'INTA auprès des minifundistes argentins /." Montpellier : Institut agronomique méditerranéen, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39032739p.
Full textINTA = Instituto nacional de tecnología agropecuaria. En appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 83-84. Résumé en français et en anglais.
Lagarde, Vincent. "Influence du profil du dirigeant sur le type de diversifications en petite entreprise : application au cas agricole." Limoges, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIMO0526.
Full textEntrepreneurial theories can explain the great variety of agricultural diversifications by adding the influence of the profile of the manager's performance to the usual analytical propositions. According to a first study of 6 cases , these postulates remain valid in agriculture provided that the specific contingencies peculiar to the sector are taken into account, stemming from a specialized and productivist dominant model, which conditions the strategic vision and the difficulty to diversify. The profile of the manager so revised in term of economic preferences and social references, will explain the diversity of choices of diversifications of 15 firms analysed on a trajectory of more than 10 years. The sector-based vision remains determining, especially for the follower, but the proactive-supply often makes it possible to get rid of the competing and cultural pressures of the environment. Moreover, it appears that profiles and contexts evolve with time
Mottet, Anne Gibon Annick Justes Éric. "Transformations des systèmes d'élevage depuis 1950 et conséquences pour la dynamique des paysages dans les Pyrénées Contribution à l'étude du phénomène d'abandon de terres agricoles en montagne à partir de l'exemple de quatre communes des Hautes-Pyrénéees /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000314.
Full textMottet, Anne. "Transformations des systèmes d'élevage depuis 1950 et conséquence pour la dynamique des paysages dans les Pyrénées : Contribution à l'étude du phénomène d'abandon de terres agricoles en montagne à partir de l'exemple de quatre communes des Hautes-Pyrénéees." Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPT021A.
Full textAlbaladejo, Christophe. "Aménagement de l'espace rural et activités d'élevage dans des régions de petites exploitations agricoles : l'exemple des Cévennes-sud en France et de la province de Misiones en Argentine." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE19005.
Full textThe author has participated in two research programme which took place in the south of the cevennes mountains for the first one, and in the province of misiones in argentina about a farming systems research project concerning landless farmers for the second one. Thoses two mountainous areas of production diversificated ressource-poor farmers, have been submitted to great socio-cultural and ecological changes for half a century. This thesis is a methodological contribution to a betterunderstanding of the evolution phenomenons which are involved in order to help the local society or the extension institutions to control them. In that kind of environment-socially and ecologically complex-developement interventions are difficult to conceive and must be realized with at least the same rapidity than the changes under way. The great number of social actors in place and outsiders whose relationship is modified as a result of the importance of the landuse changes, oblige to precise the notion of development when it is used for an area and the society in place. The methodological entries are : first geographical space, support of the projects and the activities of the farmers, has been viewed as a mean to compare social actors between them and the development dynamics have been caracterized through the study of landscape's evolution strenghs. Second livestock production activities have been viewed as an indicator not only of the ties between the society in place and its territory but also of the organisation of that society for agricultural production. The methods implemented have need a great number of interviews with farmers' families, non-agricultural actors in place and extension services on two "sites" of about 7 400 acres (3000ha). Geographical studies of the regions concerned (12 000 square miles = 30 000 km2) were intended to place the two sites in their regional contexts
Albaladejo, Christophe. "Aménagement de l'espace rural et activités d'élevage dans des régions de petites exploitations agricoles l'exploitation des Cévennes sud en France et de la province de Misiones en Argentine /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602190x.
Full textLawin, Kotchikpa Gabriel, and Kotchikpa Gabriel Lawin. "Droits de propriété foncière, aversion au risque et performance des petits producteurs agricoles." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28226.
Full textCette thèse examine d’une part, l’impact des droits de propriété foncière sur la performance des petits producteurs agricoles et d’autre part, le rôle de l’aversion au risque dans la diversification des cultures au niveau des exploitations agricoles. Elle est subdivisée en quatre chapitres. Le premier chapitre fait la revue critique des méthodes et résultats des études empiriques qui analysent l’impact des droits de propriété foncière sur la performance des petits producteurs agricoles des pays en développement. Il montre que les résultats des études empiriques antérieures sont contrastés quant aux effets réels du droit de propriété. L’hétérogénéité des résultats est liée à la fois aux techniques d’évaluation utilisées et au contexte local de gestion du système foncier. Toutefois, les résultats convergent vers une endogénéité entre le droit de propriété et la performance des producteurs dans les contextes où la gestion coutumière du foncier est prédominante. Le deuxième chapitre analyse l’impact des droits de propriété foncière sur l’adoption des innovations agro-environnementales. Il utilise la méthode d’appariement par score de propension pour sélectionner les observations ayant les mêmes caractéristiques observables pour tenir compte du biais de sélection sur les variables observables. Il se base ensuite sur le modèle d’effet de traitement endogène multinomial développé par Deb et Trivedi (2006) pour tenir compte de l’endogénéité entre le droit de propriété et l’adoption d’innovation agro-environnementale. Le chapitre utilise des données détaillées au niveau des parcelles collectées au Bénin sur un échantillon de 2 800 petits producteurs et 4 233 parcelles. Il montre que les petits producteurs adoptent plus intensément les innovations agro-environnementales sur les parcelles dont ils sont propriétaires en comparaison aux parcelles prêtées, louées ou en métayage. Le troisième chapitre utilise le modèle de sélection de Greene (2010) pour les fonctions stochastiques de frontière appliquée à une fonction de distance en output et en combinaison avec la méthode d’appariement pour analyser l’impact de la sécurité foncière sur l’efficacité technique des petits producteurs agricoles. Il utilise également la méthode non paramétrique DEA (méthode d’enveloppement des données) pour analyser l’effet de la sécurité foncière sur la productivité agricole et décomposer cet effet en écart d’efficacité technique et en écart technologique entre les propriétaires terriens et les non-propriétaires. En se basant sur les données d’enquête au Bénin, il montre que les non-propriétaires ont en moyenne un niveau d’efficacité technique plus élevé et sont plus productifs que les propriétaires terriens. Par contre, les propriétaires affichent un net avantage technologique. Le quatrième chapitre porte sur l’effet de l’aversion au risque sur la diversification des cultures chez les petits producteurs agricoles au Burkina Faso. Une expérience terrain sous forme de loterie a été conduite pour mesurer l’aversion au risque des producteurs. Trois indices de diversité spatiale adaptés de la littérature en économie de l’environnement ont été utilisés pour mesurer la diversification des cultures au niveau des exploitations agricoles. Les résultats montrent que l’aversion au risque a un effet négatif et significatif sur la diversification des cultures. Les producteurs averses au risque se concentrent plus sur la production des cultures traditionnelles moins risquées et à faible valeur marchande.
This thesis examines the impact of land property rights on the performance of smallholder farmers and the role of risk aversion in crop diversification at the farm level. The dissertation is structured in four chapters. The first chapter provides a literature review of the methods and results of empirical studies that analyze the impact of land property rights on the performance of smallholder farmers in developing countries. It shows that the results of previous empirical studies are mixed about the real effects of property rights. The heterogeneity of the results is related both to the evaluation techniques used and to the local context of the tenure system’s management. However, the results converge towards an endogeneity between the property rights and the performance of smallholder farmers in contexts where customary land management is predominant. The second chapter analyzes the impact of land tenure differences on the adoption of agri-environmental innovations. It uses the propensity score matching method to select observations with the same observable characteristics to account for selection bias stemming from observed variables. In addition, possible self-selection arising from unobserved variables is addressed using a multinomial endogenous treatment effect model developed by Deb and Trivedi (2006). The chapter uses detailed cross-sectional plot-level dataset collected in Benin and covering a sample of 2,800 smallholder farmers and 4,233 plots. The results indicate that the intensity of the adoption of agri-environmental practices is consistently higher on owned plots than borrowed, rented or sharecropped plots. The third chapter uses the sample selection model introduced by Greene (2010) in stochastic frontier functions applied to a distance function in output and in combination with the matching method to analyze the impact of land security on technical efficiency of smallholder farmers in Benin. It also uses the non-parametric DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) to analyze the effect of land tenure on agricultural productivity and to decompose this effect into a technical efficiency gap and technological differential between landowners and non-owners. The results show that non-owners are on average more productive than landowners because of their greater technical efficiency, while landowners have a technological advantage. The fourth chapter examines the effect of risk aversion on crop diversification among smallholder farmers in Burkina Faso. A field experiment in a form of lottery was conducted to measure producers' risk aversion. To measure crop diversification, we use three indices of spatial diversity in crop species adapted from the ecological economics literature. The results show that risk aversion has a negative and significant effect on crop diversification. Risk-averse producers focus more on the production of traditional, less risky and low market value crops.
This thesis examines the impact of land property rights on the performance of smallholder farmers and the role of risk aversion in crop diversification at the farm level. The dissertation is structured in four chapters. The first chapter provides a literature review of the methods and results of empirical studies that analyze the impact of land property rights on the performance of smallholder farmers in developing countries. It shows that the results of previous empirical studies are mixed about the real effects of property rights. The heterogeneity of the results is related both to the evaluation techniques used and to the local context of the tenure system’s management. However, the results converge towards an endogeneity between the property rights and the performance of smallholder farmers in contexts where customary land management is predominant. The second chapter analyzes the impact of land tenure differences on the adoption of agri-environmental innovations. It uses the propensity score matching method to select observations with the same observable characteristics to account for selection bias stemming from observed variables. In addition, possible self-selection arising from unobserved variables is addressed using a multinomial endogenous treatment effect model developed by Deb and Trivedi (2006). The chapter uses detailed cross-sectional plot-level dataset collected in Benin and covering a sample of 2,800 smallholder farmers and 4,233 plots. The results indicate that the intensity of the adoption of agri-environmental practices is consistently higher on owned plots than borrowed, rented or sharecropped plots. The third chapter uses the sample selection model introduced by Greene (2010) in stochastic frontier functions applied to a distance function in output and in combination with the matching method to analyze the impact of land security on technical efficiency of smallholder farmers in Benin. It also uses the non-parametric DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) to analyze the effect of land tenure on agricultural productivity and to decompose this effect into a technical efficiency gap and technological differential between landowners and non-owners. The results show that non-owners are on average more productive than landowners because of their greater technical efficiency, while landowners have a technological advantage. The fourth chapter examines the effect of risk aversion on crop diversification among smallholder farmers in Burkina Faso. A field experiment in a form of lottery was conducted to measure producers' risk aversion. To measure crop diversification, we use three indices of spatial diversity in crop species adapted from the ecological economics literature. The results show that risk aversion has a negative and significant effect on crop diversification. Risk-averse producers focus more on the production of traditional, less risky and low market value crops.
Achola, Sarah. "The decline and fall of the coffee sector in Kenya : a case study of the Murang’a region and Taita Hills." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20119.
Full textThe study aims to establish the causes of coffee production decline in Kenya by studying the decision making environment of the smallholder coffee farmer. The study was conducted in the Taita Hills, where coffee production has declined to the point of cessation and in Murang’a County, a major coffee producing zone in Kenya, where a declining trend in production is currently being observed. The study seeks to establish what role coffee will play in a new production context whereby the decision to farm coffee is not directly state controlled but solely rests with the smallholder farmers. Using a mixed method approach, the study establishes that there is an inherent difference in the way coffee is regarded by two generations of farmers (above 60 years and below 30 years), whereas the older generation considers it to be a prestigious crop to cultivate and find identity in, the younger generation considers coffee cultivation to be economic slavery due to losses incurred in its cultivation. In addition, there has been a degradation of the support-systems for the smallholder farmers such as the coffee cooperative societies which are not fulfilling their mandated roles, such as input supplies and affordable credit services. In the two study areas, it was found that there are competing and alternative livelihoods which the farmers find to be more profitable than coffee farming which they engage in , although coffee is still produced, the care given to the coffee plot is dependent on income from other economic activities on the farm. In conclusion, the study finds that the importance of coffee in the smallholder coffee farmer household has diminished. Its production is mainly done as a form of loyalty to the early years of coffee production when the farmers earned a profit from its cultivation. It is concluded that for coffee cultivation to continue, it is necessary to engage in other alternative on-farm and off farm economic activities in order to fund coffee production
Courte, Amandine. "Le carbone des sols, la petite agriculture, ses systèmes de production et pratiques, témoins des enjeux environnementaux et agricoles de la Guyane." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Guyane, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019YANE0010.
Full textGuyanese soils as those of Amazonian bioma, have for agrosystems, strong edaphic constrains which are accentuated by land uses changes. Carbon stocks are the center of fertility and environmental management issues that involves emerging systems and low impact practices. In order to estimate the value of such practices, we studied the stocks evolution after cultivation using the data provided by the creation of two repositories, one of the production systems of small-scale agriculture and the other one of soil carbon stocks under natural vegetation. Our study on Guiana's agricultural production systems showed that carbon can be a recognized indicator that order space management patterns. This work also confirms the spontaneous development of low-impact practices by farmers. Measurements in the forest environment and mapping showed that soil organic carbon stocks under natural vegetation are high and could constitute an important carbon reservoir for France, estimated between 11 and 22 % of the national stock. Measurements of agricultural stocks and simulations (RothC) of the stock value among time, indicated that stocks vary rapidly and strongly after clearing and cultivation. Indeed, 50 % stocks decreases have been observed with intensive crop systems after 5 years’ cultivation. Low-impact practices reveal economical and environmental efficiency. In fact, they present an interest by being low GHG emitters and being able to increase the initial SOC under natural vegetation by 20 % after 5 years. However, beyond the farmers acceptability, there are many obstacles for agriculture development and these issues require global public policies in order to encourage these low-impact practices
Miatekela, Jean. "La petite agriculture saint-lucienne et martiniquaise face aux défis de la modernisation." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGUY0866/document.
Full textThe important role of small farmers in the process in food security and of food sovereignty is increasingly recognized. In St. Lucia as in Martinique, a number of actors officially committed to a diverse agriculture based on the precepts of sustainable development. It is in the light on this context that partially, the idea of a study on small holder St Lucia and Martinique germinated. Also, the present work is first and foremost a contribution to the diagnosis of small-scale agriculture to modernization of the intensive agricultural systems in each of these two islands. It is put clearly the richness and the inadequacies of this small scale-agriculture, but also the advantages and constraints of the environment. In large part it builds on the creole garden, agricultural system considered by many actors as a cultural foundation and a base of farming practices. In each of the two islands, many small farmers make biodiversity an essential component of management of their farm systems. The stakes referred here relate to the optimal management contribution of biodiversity to promote sustainable peasant agro-ecosystems at different spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, everything depends on farmer coaching methods to set up. Will we continue with down approaches based on logic of transfer ? Otherwise, isn’t time to create the conditions that could allow the development of real co-construction steps ?
Herment, Laurent. "Survivants ou Conquérants : reproduction sociale et accumulation patrimoniale chez les petits exploitants agricoles de Seine-et-Oise durant le premier XIXè siècle (1789-1860)." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://books.openedition.org/pur/130656.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to identify and investigate the process of accumulation and desaccumulation of th, little land owners'wealth during the first half of the XIX' century (1789-1860) in the department of Seine-et Oise which surrounded Paris. The 1789-1817 period corresponded to a « phase A » of an economic cycle, 1817-1852 period corresponded at a « phase B » of the same cycle. It seems that the conjuncture was ver favourable to the little land owners and more generally to the little farming estates for two reasons. First, th French Revolution had an impact over the system of redistribution and commercialisation of "net agricultur product". Then, it seems on the whole that the little farming estates were sometimes more productive than great farming estates (especially in the north of Paris). Consequently we can possible to wonder if the first agricultural revolution was based upon a capitalistic revolution which condemned the little farming estates in the end ?
Daugas-Sinda, Annie. "La stratégie de l'entreprise agricole : application à la gestion de la petite entreprise du secteur agricole en France." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE0031.
Full textThe subject of this dissertation is the application of strategic management's principles and problematic to small french agricultural firms, and to take into account the common characteristics of these firms as well as their differences. After introducing the institutional and economic setting for french farming, the concepts, tools and methods of strategic analysis which are appropriate are analyzed. Application of the competitive analysis approach to agricultural firms requires that the state as client, financier, and legislator be taken into account among the competitive forces. The contingent approach to strategy permits the enlargement of the sectorial dynamic by taking into consideration the cooperative behaviors which directly influence the strategic management of these firms. Next, agricultural firms are observed using the strategic management tools developed. The demand and its evolution are analyzed : not only food products, but also industrial, tourist and ecological products. Agricultural supply, which is both dependent on nature and the seasons as well as bound to the
Morel, Kevin. "Viabilité des microfermes maraîchères biologiques. Une étude inductive combinant méthodes qualitatives et modélisation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA023/document.
Full textIn the context of the environmental and social challenges of the Anthropocene, microfarms are organic market gardens which are questioning the principles of agricultural modernisation. They are characterised by a high level of crop diversity on small acreages, low motorisation, holistic ecological approach and marketing through short supply chains. My PhD work examined the viability of these atypical farming systems which are raising an increasing interest in industrialised countries. It was based on the study of 20 cases in rural Northern France and 10 cases in the urban context of London. An inductive approach was carried out combining qualitative analysis of interviews with farmers and quantitative modelling based on field data.A conceptual framework was developed to analyse farmers’ strategic choices in the light of their life project embracing various aspirations where ethics and subjectivity played a central role. The fulfilment of these aspirations is determinant for the viability of these fams. A stochastic simulation model of income and workload was created to explore the chances of economic viability of contrasted microfarms scenarios integrating technical, commercial and investment strategies. Simulations were run for the French and London context and were discussed with stakeholders. Although viability chances vary among scenarios, this work shows that microfarms can be viable
Nkongho, Raymond. "Les conditions du développement durable des plantations villageoises de palmiers à huile au Cameroun." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30078/document.
Full textThe collapse of the FONADER sponsored partnership between oil palm smallholders and major agro-industries in Cameroon together with the structural adjustment program, the devaluation of the Franc CFA, the economic crises, as well as the fall in the international market price for cocoa and coffee, led to the emergence of independent oil palm producers in the country. These oil palm planters have been grappling with the management of their plantation and the processing of their FFB with the use of artisanal mills. But the numerous difficulties faced by these smallholders are translated into very low yields registered in their plantations. In the light of the recent interest expressed by new agro-industries to invest in the oil palm sector in Cameroon, and the decision by old companies to expand their surface areas, the study notes that in order to mitigate some of the social and environmental crises that result from land conflicts and forest degradation, the most sustainable approach to develop the sector will be to revamp win-win and equitable partnerships between oil palm planters and agro-industries.In Cameroon, four of the seven palm oil production basins carved out during the FONADER partnership scheme where selected for our study sites. They included Eseka in the Center region, Dibombari in the Littoral region, Muyuka and Lobe in the Southwest region. The respective agro-industries were Socapalm, Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC) and Pamol. In Malaysia and Indonesia, the study sites were the FELDA scheme of Besout in the district of Batang Padang, the PIR and KKPA scheme of PT SAL in the district of Bungo, the KKPA scheme of PT Megasawindo and PT Musim Mas in the district of Bungo and Pelalawan respectively. Data collection was organized through the administration of semi-guided questionnaires, secondary data sourcing, personal communication with different stakeholders in the sector, focus group discussions, internet and library search, as well as field observation visits.The study looked at the origine and evolution of partnership schemes between oil palm smallholders and agro-industries, what was right, what went wrong in the course of time, and why most partnerships collapsed. The study further looked at the strengths and weaknesses of today's independent oil palm smallholders and the reasons why these smallholders prefer to process their FFB in artisanal mills despite the presence of agro-industrial mills at the vicinity of their plantations. The study further drew inspiration on the positive and negative experiences of major schemes in Malaysia and Indonesia which have boosted production in their oil palm sector through case studies as well as through a participatory prospective analysis workshop in Cameroon on the future of the palm oil sector, as a way to generate policy recommendation on the way forward for future partnership schemes between oil palm smallholders and agro-industries in Cameroon.Keywords: Partnership, FONADER, FELDA, PIR, KKPA, agro-industry, smallholder, outgrower schemes
Delhoume, Jean-Pierre. "Les campagnes limousines au XVIIIe siècle : une spécialisation bovine en pays de petite culture /." Limoges : Pulim, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb420038491.
Full textEn appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 407-437. Notes bibliogr. Index.
Malgalhães, Drouvot Cláudia. "Le Programme national brésilien de biodiesel, les facteurs clés du succès et le management coopératif : une solution pour développer les compétences et la participation des petits paysans ?" Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENG004.
Full textThe objective of the Program main road of biodiesel launched by the Brazilian federal government in 2004 is to develop the production of biodiesel in relation to the small family farmers of the semi-arid areas and starting from plants which do not enter directly the human and animal chain food. Carried out in various areas of Nordeste and the North of Brazil, four studies on the ground evaluate, on a whole of criteria, the establishment of this program, in order to determine if the country communities concerned take part concretely in these actions, within the framework of associations or co-operatives and, if these projects support the social integration of this very marginalized population
Cadot, Marie Stéphane. "Considérations sur l'utilisation d'un système d'information géographique, SIG, pour l'estimation de la taille minimale d'une exploitation agricole, bassin versant de Petite-Rivière-de-Nippes, Haïti." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0002/MQ43788.pdf.
Full textDumora, Catherine. "Vivre et survivre dans une aire d'environnement protégé : le cas d'une petite paysannerie de l'APA (Area de proteçao ambiental) de Guaraqueçaba, Parana, Bresil." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21369.
Full textThis thesis analyses the daily life of populations struggling with contradictions constituent of the sustainable development notion, which create a tension between environmental "sustainability" and social "sustainability". An anthropological approach – focused on concrete strategies implemented by small family farmers of the Guaraqueçaba region to go on living in hope of a better future in a context in which they feel they don't fit in anymore – reveals that they are considerably pushed away in clandestinity, a necessary situation for their survival. The study shows the divorce between two visions of sustainable development : on the one hand the local population who considers sustainability is linked to subsistence, and on the other hand the institutions which enforce the legislation giving priority to the environmental preservation
Lamah, Daniel. "L'insertion de la caféiculture dans les structures de production en Guinée forestière." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00927761.
Full textOuzoulias, Pierre. "L'économie agraire de la Gaule : aperçus historiographiques et perspectives archéologiques." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011567.
Full textNascimento, de Oliveira Marcelo. "Une approche pour évaluer la vulnérabilité des systèmes d’élevage laitiers selon leurs trajectoires de développement : le cas des agriculteurs familiaux d’Unaí – Brésil." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0025/document.
Full textSmall dairy farmers face many challenges and risks in developing their production systems, in a highly unpredictable environment marked by uncertainties in climate and market, for example. But the challenges and risks are even greater when they develop their system from scratch (ex nihilo), a common situation in agricultural frontier areas and in the context of land reform in Brazil. Three main concepts are used to assess the dynamics and adaptability of systems, depending on the objectives : resilience , flexibility and vulnerability. This thesis presents the concept of vulnerability related to trajectories of development, as it was applied to assess 24 smallholder farming systems in the region of Unaí (Minas Gerais, Brazil). We propose a framework to evaluate the vulnerability of milk production systems, based on 10 indicators derived from the types of “difficulties” faced along the farm development trajectory as identified by smallholder farmers. These 10 indicators relate to three key dimensions of a trajectory : the family dimension (3 indicators), the technical dimension (4 indicators) and the financial dimension (3 indicators). By comparing values of indicators of vulnerability between different years for the same disturbance (a drought which occurred both in 2007 and 2011), many production systems decreased level of vulnerability over time. There is a great stability of the indicators related to family dimension. The vulnerability of five production systems decreased between 2007 and 2011, but with different amplitudes. A system may be vulnerable to a given disturbance at one moment, not vulnerable at another moment, or vice versa. In the near future, we will present our results to farmers and other actors in the milk production chain in Unaí, with the hope of stimulating discussion among them about the best way to "build" a production system that performs well without increasing the vulnerability of the system
Gilles, Amaury. "Vivre et produire dans les campagnes de la colonie de Valence (IIe s. av. J.-C. - VIe s. apr. J.-C.)." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2014.
Full textDuring the Antiquity, Valence is known as a roman colony like Lyon, Arles or Vienna, settled in the middle Rhône valley at the confluent of the Rhône and the Isère, and also at the crossroads of alpine route and the Via Agrippa. This strategic position confers to the colony an important role in the economy of the roman Gaul. Since the early Iron Age, this area is a link between the mediterranean and the celtic worlds.Even if the region is conquered by Rome since the end of the II c. B.-C., the colony is founded later, perhaps between 46 and 36 B.-C. and maybe already own his prestigious status of colonia of roman rights according to P. Faure and N. Tran hypothesis (2013). As a consequence of the foundation, the public soil is divided, centuriated, and distributed to thousands of new citizens.In this specific historical context, the citizens are chosen among the veterans of the roman army, who were Italians at this time. This decision should have huge demographic and cultural consequences on local communities. The legal status of the citizens gives them considerable economics advantages that stimulate the local economy. The studies devoted to the gallic provinces have shown that the following centuries see numerous changes affecting settlements and economic structures.Considering this historical context, I have chosen to evaluate the cultural and economic impact of this foundation by studying settlement patterns and material culture (architectural remains, objects of the daily life) between the II c. B.-C. to the VIth c. B.-C.The study of few hundreds of settlements allows us to introduce a complex and diachronic view of the settlements, their economic roles and relations with the colony.The chronological and functional study of the buildings and daily life objects allow us to assess finely the evolution through time about craftsmen’s techniques, lifestyle and highlight regional differences during a same period