Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pétrogenèse – Népal – Himalaya (Népal)'
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Brouand, Marc. "Pétrogenèse des migmatites de la dalle du Tibet (Himalaya du Népal)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10391.
Full textMichaud, Catherine. "Histoire des pratiques et de l'exploitation des espaces dans les collines préhimalayennes du Népal districts de Gulmi et de Argha-Kanchi : stratégies actuelles et anciennes d'alimentation des troupeaux." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE19064.
Full textAT LOW ALTITUDE WHERE GRAZING LANDS AND FORESTS ARE VERY FEW, ANIMALS ARE FED IN STALLING with THE PRODUCT OF PRIVATE FIELDS. THE INCREASE IN FOOD PRODUCTION IS NECESSARY IN ORDER TO HAVE MORE ANIMALS OF A BETTER QUALITY. THE PRESENT ANIMAL FEEDING STRATEGY HAS EVOLUTED VERY QUICKLY SINCE 50 OR 60 YEARS. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY USED TO BE VERY IMPORTANT AND ON AN EXTENSIVE BASIS, BOTH FOR HIGH CASTS AND FOR MAGAR. IT WAS BASED ON A HUGE COMMON FOREST LAND AFFORDING FOOD FOR THE CATTLE. INCOME WAS PROVIDED BY SELLING BUTTER OR LIVING ANIMALS. AN HUGE DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH WAS AT THE ORIGIN OF FOREST CLEARING, MIGRATION TO INDIA AND EVOLUTION OF AGRARIAN SYSTEMS. THE HIGH ALTITUDE HAMLET HAVE SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PREVIOUS SYSTEM, DUE TO THE REMAINING FORESTS ON THE TOP OF THE HILLS. AT LOW ALTITUDE WHERE GRAZING LANDS AND FORESTS ARE VERY FEW, ANIMALS ARE FED IN STALLING with THE PRODUCT OF PRIVATE FIELDS. THE INCREASE IN FOOD PRODUCTION IS NECESSARY IN ORDER TO HAVE MORE ANIMALS OF A BETTER QUALITY FOR AN ALWAYS GROWING POPULATION
Bollinger, Laurent. "Déformation de l'Himalaya du Népal." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112311.
Full textLateral variations of nepalese microseismicity are controlled by the topography. This control allows us to determine a regional stress field and calculate the Coulomb stress variations at depth. Our modeling suggests that the azimuth of horizontal shortening varies along the arc with the azimuths of the seismic slip and the lesser himalayan lineations. But, can we build the himalayas by extrapolating in the past present kinematics of the deformation? To address this question we have studied the lesser Himalayas accreted to the Himalayan range. Their finite thermal structure shows peak temperatures ranging between 300 and 550ʿC describing strong inverse temperature gradients from 20 to 50ʿC/km. Their existence and location cannot be suitable with the Holocene kinematic model but suggest that the midcrustal ramp of the main Himalayan Thrust might migrate allowing a ductile underplating. The lateral variations of the lesser Himalayas geometry can be therefore linked to the evolution of the accretionnary window. New geo-thermochronological data showing exhumation diachronisms add strong constraints to a long term deformation model. This model presents a thrusting of hot on cold medium associated with isotherm advections by erosion, deformation of foot and hangingwall and underplating, shearing, leading to the observed thermal structure and timing of exhumation. The kinematics of this theoretical accretionnary model involving underplating of the lesser himalayas is suitable with the short term models reconciling both scale descriptions
Sapkota, Soma Nath. "Surface rupture of 1934 Bihar-Nepal Earthquake : implications for seismic hazard in Nepal Himalaya." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GLOB0012.
Full textLavé, Jérôme. "Tectonique et érosion : l'apport de la dynamique fluviale à l'étude sismotectonique de l'Himalaya du Népal central." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077049.
Full textBordes, Rémi. "Héros, bouffons et affligés : anthropologie d'une poésie orale himalayenne (Doti, extrême Ouest du Népal)." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21214.
Full textThis thesis, based on transcribed and translated recordings, analyses the social imagination carried and mirrored by oral epic poetry (Bharat narratives), performed and transmitted by owner caste bards in far western Nepal. After introducing the regional setting and the identity of performers, and conduced a comparative and stylistic study of the formal aspects of this semi-improved genre, a thematic analysis of the narratives' contents (glorifying, somewhat out of religious concerns, the behaviour of ambiguous heroes), shows how the bards carry a boisterous and sarcastic vision of the world. In order to illustrate indirectly the cathartic function of this oral poetry, another repertoire is represented: alternate songs (deuda), mainly lyrical. The many paths followed by this thesis (between anthropology of imagination and "literally" analysis) come together into an aesthetic reflexion, around the concept of catharsis and its use in anthropology
Leonard, Jean-Marie. "Les filons à micas et tourmalines du Haut-Himalaya au Népal central : témoins des transferts magmatiques entre les migmatites du Haut-Himalaya et les granites de type Manaslu." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE1A004.
Full textLn Central Nepal , the High Himalayan dikes, formed both during compressional and extensional tectonic, have 3 main preferred orientations, viz. N120-N150°E, N80-N110°E and N 10-N40°E. Most of them have a leucogranitic type composition. Discrimination of dikes (as well as leucosomes and granites) and identification of source rocks has been made using first K20 and Fe-Mg silicates mineralogy, then trace elements and Sr isotopes. The data imply various amount of fluids during anatexis and along the himalayan range : when water-saturated melting, an high melting ratio is reached and the different source levels (greywackes, schist, gneisses) lead to relatively homogeneous dikes and to Manaslu type granites (biotite predominant on tourmaline, medium K20 content). When low amount of external fluids (Machhapuchare area), less silicate liquids are produced, of diverse compositions, according to the variety of source rocks (biotite and/or tourmaline bearing dikes, very low to hi gh K20 content ). Same fractionnated crystallization of biotite, tourmaline and plagioclase (Fe and Rb increase, Mg, Ba and Sr decrease) occured in the different melts during their ascent. Meanwhile, Ca (plus Ba and Sr) contamination from the calcic levels of the Tibetan Slab lead to precipitation of more calcic plagioclase, modification of the Al/Si ratio of the melts, with at turn recrystallization of less aluminous biotite, enhancing of the muscovite formation and some variations in the tourmaline composition. Empiric estimations of Li20, F et Fe3+/(Fe2+ + Fe3+) contents in himalayan micas and calculated values of Fe3+ /(Fe2+ + Fe3+) and H20 in tourmalines suggest an increase of oxydation conditions from the Formation I to the Manaslu granite. K/Ar and 4OAr/39Ar ages, obtained from several dikes and close host rocks, are used to discuss Tibetan Slab cooling in the light of regional scale hydrothermal perturbations and radiogenic argon excess process
Delobel, Thierry. "État, paysans et agriculture dans les collines himalayennes du Népal : le développement d'une région défavorisée." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON10010.
Full textThe himalayan hills are one of the three ecological belts of nepal, a small realm enclosed between india and china. In this region, whose access is still difficult, lives a culturally and socially heterogeneous peasantry. This peasantry practices a subsistence oriented agriculture in mixed crop-livestock types of farming systems. The rapid population growth has been the main factor of farming systems intensification. The demographic pressure has now reached a very critical level. On reduced acreages, households show more and more difficulties to produce their food requirements. Agricultural policy of the nepaleze state, development programmes undertaken by itself or in the frame of the foreign aid have not brought noticeable ameliorations for a majority of farmers. State intervention has contributed to the reinforcement of socio-economic differentiation in rural areas. To reverse such a tendancy, an important effort to decentralize agricultural research is needed : an inventive research towards the progress of all categories of himalayas farmers
Gonon, Emmanuel. "Autour des Himalayas : géopolitique d'une marche." Lyon 2, 1997. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/1997/egonon.
Full textAs seen from india, the himalayas are a wall. It is a low human density area, because of the hard environmental conditions (altitude), and also an economic periphery. But the himalayan highlands are also the core of tibetan life ans territory, that is a disputed area between india and china, and geographically a non-symetrical frontier. The purpose of that research is to study that mountain range as a geographical, a historical and a geopolitical march between two giant states. India and china are considering themselves as inheritors of the history of the territories they actually control and the legacy of former empires is that of their present foreign regional policy. But for india the birth of a modern state has meant a territorial loss from the british frontier system - thow it is preserved in indian strategists mind : disappearance of tibetan frontier and partition of himalayan southern side between india and pakistan. To the opposite, the north side of the range has been the spot of china's expansion by formal integration of tibet into the prc. The basic fact is china's primacy on india's action. Han colonisation of tibet benefits by the chinese economic growth that contribute to settle chinese on long term basis and allow it to reinforce the military framework of exterior china, in an assertion of the country as a regional power. Indian political action is to integrate the british frontier system in the nation-state structure, by creating + himalayan ; administratives entities, but the granting of specific administrative statuses is marginalising upland peoples, since tourism is the only way of economic integration to the rest of the country. Outside, indian government seems to achieve integrating himalayan states, first by political force and now by economic means. But the social cost of that is the growing difficulties of the government to acces their himalayan territoiries on account of an arising ethnical instability
Ader, Thomas. "Les tremblements de terre de l'Himalaya : vers un modèle physique du cycle sismique." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077282.
Full textHome to hundreds of millions of souls and land of excessiveness, the Himalaya is also the locus of a unique seismicity whose scope and peculiarities still remain to this day somewhat mysterious. Having claimed the lives of kings, or turned ancient timeworn cities into heaps of rubbles and tains, earthquakes eerily inhabit Nepalese folk tales with the fatalistic message that nothing lasts forever. From a scientific point of view as much as from a human perspective, solving the mysteries of Himalayan seismicity thus represents a challenge of prime importance. Documenting geodetic strain across the Nepal Himalaya with varions GPS and leveling data, we show that unlike other subduction zones that exhibit a heterogeneous and patchy coupling pattern along strike, the last hundred kilometers of the Main Himalayan Thrust fault, or MHT, appear to be uniformly locked, devoid of any of the "creeping barriers" that traditionally ward off the propagation of large events. The approximately 20 mm/yr of reckoned convergence across the Himalaya matching previously established estimates of the secular deformation at the front of the arc, die slip accumulated at depth has to somehow elastically propagate all the way to the surface at some point. And yet, neither large events from die past nor currently recorded microseismicity nearly compensate for the massive moment deficit that quietly builds up under die giant mountains. Along with this large unbalanced moment deficit, die uncommonly homogeneous coupling pattern on die MHT raises the question of whether or not the locked portion of die MHT can rupture all at once in a giant earthquake. Univocally answering this question appears contingent on die still elusive estimate of the magnitude of the largest possible earthquake in the Himalaya, and requires tight constraints on local fault properties. What makes the Himalaya enigmatic also makes it the potential source of an incredible wealth of information, and we exploit some of the oddities of Himalayan seismicity in an effort to improve the understanding of earthquake physics and cipher out the properties of die MHT. Thanks to the Himalaya, the Indo-Gangetic plain is deluged each year under a tremendous amount of water during the annual summer monsoon that collects and bears down on the Indian plate enough to pull it away from the Eurasian plate slightly, temporarily relieving a small portion of die stress mounting on the MHT. As the rainwater evaporates in the dry winter season, die plate rebounds and tension is increased back on the fault. Interestingly, the mild waggle of stress induced by the monsoon nains is about die same size as that from solid-Earth tides which gently tug at the planets solid layers, but whereas changes in earthquake frequency correspond with the annually occurring monsoon, there is no such correlation with Earth tides, which oscillate back-and-forth twice a day. We therefore investigate die general response of the creeping and seismogenic parts of MHT to periodic stresses in order to link there observations to physical parameters. First, the response of die creeping part of the MHT is analyzed with a simple spring-and-slider system bearing rate-strengthening rheology, and we show that at the transition with die locked zone, where the friction becomes Wear velocity neutral, the response of the slip rate may be amplified at some periods, which values are analytically related to the physical parameters of die problem. Such predictions therefore hold the potential of constraining fault properties on the MHT, but still await observational counterparts to be applied, as nothing indicates that the variations of seismicity rate on die locked part of the MHT are the direct expressions of variations of the slip rate on its creeping part, and no variations of die slip rate have been singled out from die GPS measurements to this day. When shifting to die locked seismogenic part of the MHT, spring-and-slider models with rate-weakening rheology are insufficient to explain die contrasted responses of die seismicity to the periodic loads that tides and monsoon both place on the MHT. Lnstead, we resort to numerical simulations using the Boundary Integral CYCLes of Earthquakes algorithm and examine die response of a 2D finite fault embedded with a rate-weakening patch to harmonie stress perturbations of varions periods. We show that such simulations are able to reproduce results consistent with a graduai amplification of sensitivity as die perturbing period get larger, up to a critical period corresponding to the characteristic Lime of evolution of the seismicity in response to a step-like perturbation of stress. This increase of sensitivity was not reproduced by simple 1D-spring-slider systems, probably because of the complexity of the nucleation process, reproduced only by 2D-fault models. When the nucleation zone is close to its critical unstable size, its growth becomes highly sensitive to any externat perturbations and the timings of produced events may therefore fmd themselves highly affected. A fully analytical framework has yet to be developed and further work is needed to fully describe the behavior of die fault in ternis of physical parameters, which will likely provide die keys to deduce constitutive properties of the MHT fion seismological observations
Lecomte-Tilouine, Marie. "Pouvoir tribal et hindouisme en Himalaya : le symbolique et ses transformations chez les Magar de Gulmi : Népal central." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0054.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the religion of a tibeto-burmese group of nepal : the magars. The field work has been done in a village of the gulmi district where magars live in a close relation with parbatiyas. Since three or four centuries, they have progressively adopted their religion : hinduism, after the conquest of their kingdoms by thakuri kings. The author recollects here the different phases of this adoption. They coincide with the major political changes : the coming of thakuri kings, the gorkha kings and the panchayat reform, he shows the main protagonists : the local kings and the magas'headmen. The history of magars' hinduization and the analysis of their rituals show that we are dealing with a conscient strategy of the magars'headmen aiming at the conservation of their power. This adoption of the invaders'religion results also from a series of symbolic identifications done by magars with high caste parbatiyas, specifically with the royal caste. These identifications have been induced by the existence of some main cultural coincidences between the two groups as shown by the common spatial organization of the pantheon. But these identifications resulted sometime in a divergence of signification of a same symbol and even in real cultural quiproquos
Ghimire, Suresh Kumar. "Pratiques de cueillette et écologie de la conservation de plantes médicinales de l’Himalaya Népalais : approches ethnoécologique et écologique." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20227.
Full textA large number of medicinal plants (MPs) are threatened in the Himalaya due to over-exploitation for trade. Knowledge of the sustainability of their use is urgently needed. We documented ethnobotanical and ethnoecological knowledge and management practices related to MPs harvesting in Dolpo (northwestern Nepal) in Tibetan and mixed Tibeto-Nepalese societies. Local knowledge and harvesting patterns were incorporated in to the design of ecological studies, the objectives of which were to assess the impact of resource use on MPs at population and landscape levels, and thereby to inform sustainable management practices. We found a rich body of local knowledge relating to the use, ethnoecology and management of MPs. Local knowledge and management practices varied substantially within and between social groups, and were related to socio-cultural and economic factors. MP species diversity and abundance at the landscape-level were related to the diversity of human resource use practices and to heterogeneity in ecological conditions. At the population level, the effect of harvesting was found to depend not only on harvesting intensities and approaches but also on habitat conditions and growth patterns of the concerned species. Based on the cases of two perennial species, Nardostachys grandiflora (Valerianaceae) and Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora (Scrophulariaceae), we conclude that the goal of harvesting sustainability appears to be more easily attained for some species than for others, owing to differences in their growth strategies and in relation to environmental variation that affects the rapidity of recovery of populations from the loss of individuals. Our study brings new elements towards understanding how current human management shapes the structure and dynamics of MPs at population and landscape levels, and clarifies how studies of local knowledge and practices may be used to design more sustainable practices
Bernier, Xavier. "Transports, communications et développement en Himalaya central (le cas du Népal)." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691617.
Full textGranet, Mathieu. "Constantes de temps des processus d'érosion et d'altération dans le système himalayen : Approche géochimique élémentaire et isotopique par les séries de l'Uranium." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/GRANET_Mathieu_2007.pdf.
Full textThe time-scales of erosion and weathering processes are key parameters which need to be determined to understand the response of the reliefs to external forcings like tectonics, climate and human activities. They were recovered by using U-series nuclides analyzed in sediments and suspended materials carried by the Himalayan rivers of the Ganges and Brahmaputra basins. In the Ganges basin, the time-scales of weathering determined from the study of coarse sediments carried by the Kali Gandaki range from several ky, where the surrection is located, to 350 ky. Such values indicate that the bedrocks are in situ weathered for a long period before the weathering residual products get transported in the rivers as coarse sediments. At the outlet of the high range, these sediments are carried by the tributaries of the Ganges, the Gandak and Ghaghara, during a transfer period of about 100 ka. The study of the sediments at the outlet of the Brahmaputra tributaries allows to propose time-scales of weathering ranging from 110 to 270 ky. Such long periods confirm that during their transfer in the plains, the sediments are temporarily trapped at several places in the basins. In the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, the time-scales of sedimentary transfer are 575 and 160 ky, respectively. These values, which are of the same order as their response times, are much longer than the time-scales of the Quaternary climate oscillations. It confirms the buffering action of the asiatic alluvial plains for the high-frequency sediment flux variations in response to external forcings in the chain. The study of suspended materials suggests that their chemical compositions result from the mixing of coarse river sediments with fine particles from various locations in the basin which are affected by vegetation recycling. By contrast to coarse sediments, the time-scales of transfer for the suspended materials are fast, e. G. A few ky, pointing the potential of U-series nuclides to assess particle transport laws as a function of their size
Bettinelli, Pierre. "Déformation intersismique de l' Himalaya du Népal à partir de données GPS." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130535.
Full textGuillot, Stéphane. "Le granite du Manaslu (Népal central), marqueur de la subduction et de l'extension intracontinentales himalayennes : étude structurale, métamorphique et géochimique." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00723696.
Full textFrance-Lanord, Christian. "Chevauchement, métamorphisme et magmatisme en Himalaya du Népal central : étude isotopique H, C, O." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795383.
Full textHoste, Colomer Roser. "Variations latérales de sismicité le long du méga-chevauchement himalayen au Népal." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE031/document.
Full textThe seismicity located along the Himalayan mega-thrust, within the trace of the great M8+ 1505AD earthquake, displays striking spatial variations which remained poorly resolved. In order to better constrain and understand these variations, we deployed a 15-stations temporary seismological network for 2 years (2014-2016) as a complement to the national network. We first processed the data with an automatic detection with Seiscomp3, then a manual picking of earthquakes recorded by the network, followed by a Hypo71 absolute localization and HypoDD relative relocation of clustered events. The resulting catalogue contains 2154 local events, shallow to midcrustal (8 - 16 km). The seismicity presented temporal variations suggesting fluid migrations. The confrontation between the seismicity and the geologic balanced cross-sections shows that most eartbquakes happen within the hangingwall of the Main Himalayan Thrust fault nearby ramps or suspected contacts between lesser Himalayan slivers. The lateral variations of some of the structures associated to this seismicity are likely to partially control the extent of the coseismic ruptures during intermediate earthquakes that break partly the locked fault zone, in a similar way as what was reported after the Mw7.8 2015 Gorkha-Nepal earthquake. Better characterizing the segmentation of such faults is an important input for seismic hazard studies
Andermann, Christoff. "Climate, topography and erosion in the Nepal Himalayas." Doctoral thesis, Rennes 1, 2011. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22808.
Full textCette thèse porte sur le rôle des précipitations sur l’érosion et la formation des reliefs dans l’Himalaya Népalais. J’étudie chaque étape du processus d’érosion : 1) Evaluation des bases de données de précipitations, 2) Transfert des précipitations au débit fluvial, 3) Mobilisation et transport du matériel dans le bassin versant, et enfin 4) Mécanismes d’érosion sur de longues échelles de temps. Je montre que la base de données de précipitations obtenue par interpolation de données pluviométriques est la plus performante pour la région de l\'Himalaya. Je démontre l’importance d’une composante majeure, jusqu’alors ignorée, du cycle de débit de l’Himalaya que j’identifie comme étant les aquifères de sous-sol fracturé, et j’évalue la contribution de la fonte des neiges et glaces aux rivières Himalayennes. Les taux d’érosion calculés à partir des flux de sédiments en suspension et des analyses de nucléides cosmogéniques varient de 0.1 à 4 mm/a. Les rivières au Népal sont limitées par l’apport sédimentaire alors que les versants, en tant que source de sédiments, sont limités par le transport. Enfin, je montre que l’érosion sur des milliers d’années ne dépend des précipitations mais du relief.
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Rolle des Niederschlag bei Erosions- und Oberflächenprozessen im nepalesischen Himalaja. Ich untersuche die Abfolge der Erosionspsozesse im Himalaja: 1) Ausgehend von der Bewertung von Niederschlagsdatensätzen, 2) die Prozesse der Abflussbildung in Flüssen, 3) die Mobilisierung und Transport von Material, 4) und Erosionsraten über längere Zeiträume. Ich zeige, dass interpolierte Niederschlagsdaten die beste Qualität im Himalaya haben. Ich zeige auf, wie wichtig der bislang unberücksichtigt Grundwasserzwischenspeicher für die Abflussbildung im Himalaya ist und schätze den Anteil der Schnee-und Eisschmelze an dem Gesamtabfluss der Flüssen im Himalaja. Erosionsraten die mittels Schwebestofffracht und der Analyse kosmogener Nukluide berechnet wurden, liegen zwischen 0,1 und 4 mm pro Jahr. Der Sedimenttransport in den Flüssen in Nepal ist limitiert durch die Verfügbarkeit von transportierbarem Material, während der Transport und die Mobilisierung auf den Hängen durch die Verfügbarkeit von Wasser limitiert ist. Zudem sind die Erosionsraten über mehrere Jahrhundert nicht von der Niederschlagsverteilung abhängig sondern vom Relief.
Leturmy, Pascale. "Sédiments et reliefs du front des systèmes chevauchants : modélisations et exemples du front andin et des Siwaliks (Himalaya) à l'Holocène." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10291.
Full textRai, Santa Man. "Les nappes de Katmandou et du Gosainkund, Himalaya du Népal central : (étude cartographique, structurale, métamorphique, géochimique et radiochronologique)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10195.
Full textBettinelli, Pierre. "Déformation Intersismique de l'Himalaya du Népal à partir de données GPS." Phd thesis, Institut de physique du globe de paris - IPGP, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130535.
Full textà 19 ± 2.5 mm.an-1 dans le Centre-Est Népal. Au travers du Népal occidental, le modèle de la déformation et le taux de raccourcissement évalué sont de 13.4 ± 5 mm.an-1, taux moins contraint, par manque de stations cGPS.
L'analyse des séries temporelles GPS a montré, outre le terme séculaire, des variations saisonnières importantes, notamment sur la composante horizontale perpendiculaire à la chaîne himalayenne. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence que ces variations saisonnières ne
provenaient pas d'un artéfact de traitement, mais de la réponse flexurale de la croûte continentale à un chargement des aquifères situés dans la plaine du Gange. La réponse élastique de la lithosphère à cette charge saisonnière induit des variations de
contrainte de Coulomb au niveau des l'essaim microsismique mi-crustal himalayen. Ces variations permettent d'expliquer au premier ordre les variations de taux de sismicité saisonnières
mises en évidence à l'échelle du catalogue de sismicité népalais.
L'étude microstructurale de quartzites nous a, par ailleurs, permis d'estimer les contraintes différentielles présentes autour de la transition fragile-ductile. A partir de la combinaison de données thermométriques, structurales, géodésiques et paléopiézométriques,
une loi rhéologique expérimentale des quartzites du Moyen-Pays himalayen a pu être définie. La détermination de cette loi de fluage apporte une contrainte supplémentaire à la connaissance de la structure rhéologique de la lithosphère continentale himalayenne,
un paramètre essentiel dans les modèles mécaniques du cycle sismique.
Savean, Marie. "Modélisation hydrologique distribuée et perception de la variabilité hydro-climatique par la population du bassin versant de la Dudh Koshi (Népal)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20222/document.
Full textThe Himalayan water resources, vital for 800 millions of people, come mainly from the monsoon and from the melting of the cryosphere. The impact of the climate change on these resources, especially significant in the area, is a major issue in the Himalayan range. In this context, the assessment of the rainfall, snowmelt and icemelt components of the water balance is crucial. Consequently, a distributed conceptual hydrological model (HDSM) was developed to estimate the contribution of each component to the Dudh Koshi River flows from 2001 to 2005. The Dudh Koshi River basin (3 700 km²), with the Mount Everest as highest peak, is located in Eastern Nepal. The snow cover areas, calibrated with satellite data, and as well as the runoff are correctly simulated by the model. Nevertheless, the ice degree-day factor is overestimated, leading to an icemelt contribution around 60% of annual discharge, against 5% in the literature. This overestimation offsets a significant underestimation of precipitation, especially solid precipitation. After a correction of the precipitation, the contributions of rainfall, snowmelt and icemelt represent respectively 63%, 9%, and 29% of the Dudh Koshi annual discharge from 2001 to 2005. To complete this modeling, perceptions of the population on the hydro-climatic variability, obtained by interviews in the villages, were compared to the quantitative data used and simulated by the model HDSM from 1977 to 2007. This comparison confirms the underestimation of precipitation, especially solid. These results also show a significant decrease of precipitation in December and a significant increase, not perceived by population, of the measured annual temperature on the last thirty years. Both approaches by modeling and interviews highlight large uncertainties on the hydro-climatic data of the Dudh Koshi River basin. These uncertainties limit the understanding of hydrological and cryospheric processes and the assessment of climate change impacts on the water resources of this basin. Although they are also uncertain, the perceptions bring crucial complementary information to improve this knowledge and the analysis of the quantitative data of this high mountain Himalayan area
Mimeau, Louise. "Quantification des contributions aux écoulements dans un bassin englacé par modélisation glacio-hydrologique. : Application à un sous-bassin de la Dudh Koshi (Népal, Himalaya)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU014/document.
Full textIn a context of glacier shrinkage caused by climate change and in a context of an increase of the water demand due to population growth and economic development, it is necessary to quantify the contributions to the outflow in the Himalayan mountain catchments in order to improve the present water resource management and find adaptation solutions to climate change.Hydrological models are useful tools to understand the water balance in mountain catchment, however, the lack of meteorological data in high altitude regions and the simplified representation of the cryospheric processes in the models lead to large uncertainties on the simulated river discharges.This study quantifies the different contributions to the outflow as well as their seasonal variations at local scale using a glacio-hydrological model in a glacierized catchment located in the Nepalese Himalayas.New parametrizations for the snow albedo and debris covered glaciers, as well as an avalanche module, were implemented in DHSVM-GDM model in order to improve the simulation of the snow cover dynamics and the glacier evolution.The simulated water balance obtained with the new configuration of the DHSVM-GDM model shows that glaciers have a major impact on the river discharges, especially during winter when the outflow is mainly controlled by the release from the englacial water storage.This study highlights the complexity of quantifying the glacier contribution to the river discharges because, on the studied catchment, the glacier contribution is equal to 45 % of the total runoff considering the share of ice melt to the river discharge, or 70 % considering the share of runoff originating from glacierized areas.The impact of the representation of the cryospheric processes in the model and the impact of the forcing data on the simulated water components are analysed to assess the uncertainty on the hydrological modelling.The uncertainty related to the glacierized area estimation leads to an uncertainty of 20 % on the simulated ice melt volume, and the uncertainty related to the precipitation datasets result in a simulated ice melt contribution to the outflow ranging from 28 et 70 % of the annual outflow
Robert, Xavier. "Séquence d'activité des failles et dynamique du prisme himalayen : apports de la thermochronologie et de la modélisation numérique." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00352596.
Full textAubray, Alexandre. "Structure et métamorphisme de la klippe de Jaljala (Népal Central), implications sur les modèles de formation de l'Himalaya." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN064.
Full textThe Himalayan belt is the actual paradigm of collision mountain belt. However, formation model remains still under discussion. Even fundamental to understand the belt formation, the High Himalaya Cristalline (HHC) klippen are poorly integrated to the different existing models. In the Jaljala klippe (Western Central Nepal) a combination of structural, petrographic and geochronological (40Ar/39Ar) studies have allowed to caracterise close to the Himalaya front, the Main Central Thrust (MCT) and a top - to - the North shear zone : the Jaljala shear zone geometry and kinematics, faults that bordered the HHC. Results show that the MCT and the Jaljala shear zone have been refolded and the Jaljala shear zone is close to the MCT in the North of the klippe. An intra téthyan sequences (TH) have been discovered and interpreted as the Jaljala shear zone in the southern flank of the klippe. Petrographic datas show a progressive augmentation of temperature between 350 and 550 ° C cross to the MCT in High Himalaya Cristalline instead of 650 °C in the internal zones. Pseudosections show this temperature peak is achieved after an isobaric warming at pressure varying between 7 and 9 bars. 40Ar/39Ar ages on micas show three ages populations : about 20, about 40 and about 100 Myrs in the HHC and in Tethyan sequences. Two hypothesis can be proposed : on the one hand, the exhumation can be testified by 40 Myrs ages which represent an ancient age for the High Himalaya Crystalline in the front belt, on the other hand, it is dated at 20 Myrs which represent more commons ages for exhumation on MCT and under STD (South Tibetan Detachment). Rock lithology and their deformations and correlations with results for other klippen show that the STD in the Jaljala klippe cannot be connected width the STD in internal zones. The MCT and the STD cannot converge in depth at the front that excluded the tectonic wedge model. Finally, the pressures and temperature continuities in internal zones and with the klippe rocks excluded the channel flow model because partial melting is absent in the Jaljala klippe. Structures, metamorphic conditions and ages are more compatible with High Himalaya Crystalline duplex formation whose geometry is still poorly constrained and which necessitate a frontal flat - ramp system to transfer crustal nape on the front of the belt and then to form klippe as the Jaljala klippe that will then isolated from internal zones by Lesser Himalaya duplex formation
Puschiasis, Ornella. "Des enjeux planétaires aux perceptions locales du changement climatique : pratiques et discours au fil de l’eau chez les Sherpa du Khumbu (région de l’Everest, Népal)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100157.
Full textThe region of the Everest high mountains in Nepal (Khumbu) became an emblematic place of the broadcast of science and media narratives about climate change in the Himalayas. The pictures of the glaciers melting feed an alarmist rhetoric on the future of water resources and its availability for the population of the Himalayas. However there are many uncertainties. The interpretation of climate models faces the lack of reliability of the data and at the featured scales. In this thesis, by questioning the population about their habits on water resource and their perception of climate, we bring a highlight prone to fill these models. The climate change and its consequences on water use and management are studied by combining the scales and disciplines, by comparing some data from hydrology as well as geography and by replacing them in a context where the changes are also of social, economic and cultural order. The Sherpas are not only seen as Buddhists and high mountains guides but are nowadays a highly interconnected society since the touristic turn that happened in Khumbu in the 1950’s. The study of water management reveals some organisational and restructuring logics of a touristic space highly headed for the international. It appears that the changes of water use during the last decades are rather lied to the insertion of inhabitants in this touristic economy than a response to the climate change. The climate variations seem to be minor concerns at the local scale whereas they feed worries at the global scale. This discrepancy and the ongoing narratives’ distortions contribute to create a climate of tensions in this region where researchers, journalists and international experts are rushing
Berardi-Tadié, Barbara. "L'ère des droits : vers une anthropologie des associations de la société civile au Népal." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0011.
Full textThis dissertation examines the emergence of a culture of human rights in Nepal, by focusing on the triangular relationship between civil society organizations (CSOs), the international discourse on human rights, and the social, legal and institutional changes that have characterized the country’s recent history.The research is based on ethnographic work in the field of urban associations, at the various levels and across the various fields (social, political and legal) where they operate. My first part looks at the micro-local level of the neighborhood and city, through a study of three specific networks of associations: mothers’ groups, neighborhood development associations and Dalit (low-caste) associations. In a second stage, I focus on ethnic minority (or “indigenous nationality”) associations and on parbatiya (Nepali high caste of hill origin) groups. The third and final section of the dissertation is dedicated to the interaction between the judiciary and civil society in Nepal, as it emerges from an analysis of cases filed at the Supreme Court by associations specialized in the defense of human rights.The overall aim of this research is to identify: 1) the mechanisms through which the human rights discourse has asserted its hegemony, becoming the dominant medium through which collective demands and social conflicts can be articulated; 2) the role played by CSOs in this process, and 3) the impact of the culture of human rights on the expression of local ethics, identities and politics, as well as on Nepal’s legal and constitutional framework
Scaillet, Bruno. "Structure et géochimie d'un leucogranite en régime de collision continentale : l'exemple du massif de Gangotri-Badrinath (Himalaya du Garhwal)." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00794809.
Full textArmand, Fabio. "Paroles des Alpes et de l'Himalaya. Essai de psychologie intuitive sur une anthropologie des ontologies fantastiques dans deux imaginaires narratifs en milieu alpin. Entre Vallée d'Aoste et Népal." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAL036/document.
Full textDedicated to spoken memories, this work explore experience-centered narrative heritage in faraway alpine environments: from French-speaking Alps to the Himalayan Nepal. Starting from the largest French collection of belief narratives by Charles Joisten, we focussed on Valdostan reports, and the same during several consecutive field investigations in Nepal, inside Bahun-Chhetri and Newar groups. Hence we strolled on the trails of fantastic ontologies, the ones that haunt the narrative imaginary of such distant alpine communities. On processing these documents, we developed a cross-cultural analysis in comparative neurocognitive anthropology, elaborating a framework that allowed to bridge field folkloristics and cognitive neuroscience. By taking into account the relationships between the neurocognitive systems of human brains as ontology engines, be they physical or imaginary ontologies, and their inspirations from the cultural environments, we were enabled to tell something about the cerebral sensorium, with its specific sources (a priori counterintuitive), from which the creation of such imaginary ontologies has drawn. For this purpose, we evaluated more explicitly our working hypotheses in the frame of the cross-cultural neurocognitive anthropological model BRAINCUBUS (since 2011 by Cathiard et al.). Notably we had the opportunity to benefit from the last significant improvements concerning psychological modalities of intuition within this framework.As an interface between folklore studies of the supernatural and the latest advances in the neurophysiology of sleep, this model has allowed us to build our research on imaginary ontologies (as landmarked long ago by international folkloristics), by considering that virtually all of which originated in the dissociated brain state called sleep paralysis. Starting from this 4th state of the brain, it was possible to identify the origin of different phenomenologies which spawn the anthropodiversity we meet for supernatural ontologies. Establishing that these so-called “phantom” bodies are clearly neurally real, our purpose was to achieve the unification of main phantom-bodies with physical bodies from their cortical mapping. We focussed mainly on the two main types of phantom-bodies generated by the two fundamental components of sleep paralysis: OBE (Out-of-Body Experience) and AP3S (Alien Sensed Presence from Self Shadowing). In the narrative documents we elicited the semantic matrix of paralysis and we became able to differentiate the cortical sources of the two universal narratives of the “soul leaving the body for visiting” and of “sleeper visited”, both generated in the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), and lateralized respectively to the right (OBE) and to the left (AP3S).An examination of OBE journeys allowed us to highlight the nodal role played by a cross-culturally shared anxiety. This is an injonctive precaution: do not move the inanimate body of a person in sleep paralysis, to allow the animate body to re-enter. This physiological over-intuition – stored and shared in narrative motifs – became an anti-lethal sapiential care. Actually rolling face down a sleep paralyzed person is at high risk of suffocating to death because s/he can not recover control of voluntary breathing, since external intercostal muscles are paralyzed. This sleep paralysis phenomenology is widespread enough to fuel transmissibility of narratives grounded in neurally undeniable experiences of phantom bodies. When framing these explicanda in a neurocompatible format, we were able to unify narrative matrices, elaborated from universally experienced OBE or AP3S phantom bodies within BRAINCUBUS as a model capable of neural creativity for such fantastic ontologies. Formulated by human wisdom along more than 50,000 years at least, they will continue to haunt our imaginary and enrich the narrative heritage of Humanity
Jacquemet, Etienne. "La société sherpa à l’ère du « Yak Donald’s » : lutte des places pour l’accès aux ressources dans la région touristique de l’Everest (Népal)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30026/document.
Full textBeyond the representations and practices of mountaineers and trekkers, conditions for the development and functioning of the touristic system linked to the Nepalese Mount Everest area (the Khumbu region) seem to be increasingly based upon resources such as water, electricity and property. With the rise of tourism, these various resources are source of considerable incomes for local populations, especially for lodge owners. However, sharing these resources is not simple. First, the different actors do not occupy the same positions in relation to them. Second, they don’t have the same capacities (i.e., capital and skills) to exploit them. Eventually, they do not have the same interests depending on their social status, so their cooperation is not always guaranteed. In this small but highly symbolic region, local access to resources leads to “locational struggles” (Lussault, 2009). This struggle opposes members of the Sherpa community - who claim to be deeply rooted inhabitants, but whose ways of life are very polytopic – and on the other hand, new populations from the lower valleys, who seek to establish themselves within the Khumbu region. In the context of intense interrelations with the rest of the world, as well as wide socio-demographic and cultural changes, which is embodied in one of the many new pubs established in the region; the "Yak Donald's", this questions the good resources governance of this tourist hub. Far from being passive, but rather very proactive, this thesis shows how the Sherpas still control the territory and its touristic economy
Morin, Guillaume. "L’érosion et l’altération en Himalaya et leur évolution depuis le tardi-pléistocène : analyse des processus d’érosion à partir de sédiments de rivière actuels et passés au Népal central." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0258/document.
Full textChemical weathering and physical erosion of the continental crust mobilise huge amounts of both solid and dissolved material. As the first sediment generator on the Earth, the Himalayan range releases around 1 Gt/y of sediment into the ocean. The relative influence of the different factors that control the eroded fluxes and the importance of the erosion processes (such as landslides, glaciers, soils) are as yet poorly understood. The same is true of the climatic factors, especially regarding their impact during climatic transition periods. In order to address those questions, this work focuses on comparing the geochemical composition of erosion products to the composition of present river sediment and of sedimentary records in the Ganga Plain. A first budget of the erosion processes was done on a small scale in the Khudi catchment of Higher Himalaya. The total present-day erosion is considerable, at around 3 mm/y and takes place during the monsoon. It is mainly linked to the soils erosion and more importantly to the intense activity of a landsliding area. The development of a new method for the destruction of organic matter enabled the use of silicates hydration as a tracer for soils. Based on this method, a mathematical inversion of the sediment compositions was performed. It highlights that the landslide is responsible for ~80% of the overall physical erosion. The soil erosion is minor and is comparable to the erosion rates measured in the neighbouring catchments. The chemical erosion leads to a dissolved flux of 7.9 kt/y (corresponding to an erosion rate of 0.02mm/y) and seems to come from the bedrock deep weathering. Nevertheless, the dissolved fluxes also appear to be linked with the particles fluxes during the monsoon. This suggests an additional weathering of the sediment during the fluvial transport. A similar approach was used on a larger scale in the Narayani catchment that drains the whole of Central Nepal. Through ADCP-based current measurements combined with deep sediment sampling, a model for sedimentary transport was used to integrate the deep sediment fluxes. The average catchment-scale erosion rate was then corrected to a value of ~1.7 mm/y, close to the long-term erosion rates. A geochemical system that combines the measurement of the δD of silicates and the concentrations of carbonates was found to be a diagnosis tracer for glacial erosion in the northern part of the catchment. The organic matter ratio was used as a tracer for soils. The temporal analysis of sediment fluxes, as well as the sediment composition and granulometry showed that only a small fraction (< 20%) of the sediment comes from glacial and soils erosion. Over the whole Central Nepal, the physical erosion seems also to be dominated by the landslides that are triggered during the monsoon. The large Narayani-Gandak alluvial fan is located at the river mouth and can be used as a record of the recent history of Central Nepal erosion. Three drillings were done in this fan to enable the study of the evolution of Himalayan weathering and erosion during the Late Pleistocene. The sedimentary deposits display a surprising stability in their geochemistry, their sources and their weathering stage for the last ~45 ky. The erosion intensity derived from cosmogenic nuclides is the only feature that seems to have risen during Holocene. However, the very recent evolution of the erosion distribution in the range is characterised by an increase (x3) of the proportion of products coming from the lower, more densely populated areas. This shows that the anthropogenic activities have had a larger impact on the erosion than the last Pleistocene-Holocene transition, especially through the rapid growth of the road network during the last decade
Botsyun, Svetlana. "Modélisation de l'impact de l'évolution tectonique himalayennes et tibétaines sur le climat et les isotopes stable de l'oxygène au Cénozoïque." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV006/document.
Full textThe timing and rate of surface elevations of the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau remain controversial and their impact on Asian climate and the onset of monsoon systems in this area is highly debated. Stable oxygen paleoaltimetry is considered to be a very efficient and widely applied technique, but has limitations from two sides: 1) the link between stable oxygen composition of precipitation and climate is not well established, 2) Cenozoic climate over Asia is poorly reconstructed. With a purpose of filling the gap in our knowledge of climate variability over Asia during the Cenozoic, we use the isotope-enabled atmospheric general circulation model LMDZ-iso to understand the links between the growth of mountains, associated climate changes and δ18O in paleo-precipitation. Our results show a significant influence of the Paratethys retreat, the latitudinal displacement of India and the height of the Tibetan Plateau on Asian hydrological cycle. For the purpose of understanding where and how the climatic changes linked with the growth of mountains affect δ18O in precipitation, we develop a theoretical expression for the precipitation composition based on the Rayleigh distillation and show that only 40% of sampled sites for paleoaltimetry depict signal attributed to topography changes. We conclude that the Himalayas may have attained their current elevation later than expected. Realistic Cenozoic boundary conditions allow us reconstructing δ18O in paleoprecipitation for several periods during the Cenozoic (for 55 Ma, 42 Ma, 30 Ma and 15 Ma). The focus has been put on the Eocene (42 Ma), since paleoelevation reconstructions are particularly controversial for this time. We show that Eocene precipitation δ18O is rather insensitive to topographic height in Asia. However, carbonate δ18O still records paleo-elevation because the fractionation between calcite and water is sensitive to temperature, which partly depends on altitude. Comparison of simulated Eocene δ18O patterns with data from the carbonate archives suggest that the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau did not reach present-day (> 3000 m) elevations during the Eocene
Blaes, Estelle. "Détermination des constantes de temps des processus d'altération et de transfert sédimentaire par les nucléides des séries de l'U : étude d'un bassin versant de Porto Rico et du système himalayen." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAH007.
Full textThis thesis proposes to define the time-scales of weathering processes on a spheroidal weathering profile, (Rio Icacos watershed, Puerto Rico ) and the transfer time of sediments within alluvial plains (Ganges and Brahmaputra basins). This issue is addressed through the analysis of the nuclides of the 238U decay chain. The study of a spheroidal weathering system developed on the site of Puerto Rico permit to develop a limited memory quasi-Newton algorithm in order to solve the system of equations that reflects the behavior of nuclides and the rate of formation of the saprolite and the rindlet zone. For the Ganges and Brahmaputra basins, sediments were collected from different tributaries and their outlets. The variation of 238U - 234U - 230Th disequilibria in the sediments, with different variation trends for suspended and coarse-grained sediments, is probably a general feature of all Himalayan rivers flowing across the Indo-Gangetic plain. For this work, we have shown the usefulness of including the analysis of 226Ra analysis of other nuclides in the chain of radioactive decay of 238U (238U - 234U - 230Th) to determine the weathering rate in a well-defined system. Nevertheless, the study of the Brahmaputra system shows that proposed method needs to be refined as the sediment transfer is a complex process due to the mineralogical variability, size and (local) dynamics of sediments samples collected
Paul, Maxence. "Étude des isotopes de l'osmium dans les eaux souterraines du Bangladesh et les sédiments himalayens : implications et rôle de l'érosion himalayenne sur le budget océanique de l'osmium." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL031N/document.
Full textUsing the Himalayan example, this study documents the systematics controlling the osmium composition of sediments during weathering processes, sedimentary transport and sediment deposition in tidal areas. The relationships observed between osmium concentrations and organic carbon contents in sediments of the Himalayan Kali Gandaki catchment underscore the role of black shales from the TSS (mostly unradiogenic) and LH (highly radiogenic) Himalayan units, despite their limited geographic distribution. However, the highly radiogenic composition displayed by Ganges sediments is not coupled to an enrichment in 187Os in these sediments, which on average are comparable to that of typical continental crust. Instead, the Ganges radiogenic signature results from an impoverishment in non-radiogenic osmium, reflecting a strong dilution by erosion products of crystalline rocks of the HHC unit. Moreover, based on the study of rivers in the tidal zone, we document the complex behavior of osmium at the salt/fresh water transition, potentially involving exchange between sediments and dissolved osmium. Analytical development performed concurrently with the sediment studies allowed the first measurements of groundwater osmium compositions. Groundwaters of Bengal plain aquifers have osmium contents significantly higher than those previously documented for river water or seawater. If this result can be generalized to other aquifers a global osmium groundwater flux to the ocean of about 170 kg per year could be expected. This contribution is significant and would require a reevaluation of both the osmium marine budget and the residence time of osmium in the ocean. This result could partially reconcile the diverging marine Os residence times estimated from mass balance and from glacial-interglacial variations in the 187Os/188Os marine record
Eeckman, Judith. "Caractérisation des systèmes hydro-climatiques à l'échelle locale dans l'Himalaya népalais." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT103/document.
Full textThe central part of the Hindukush-Himalaya region presents tremendous heterogeneity, in particular in terms of topography and climatology. The representation of hydro-climatic processes for Himalayan catchments is limited due to a lack of knowledge regarding their hydrological behavior. Local variability is thus difficult to characterize based on modeling studies done at a regional scale. The proposed approach is to characterize hydro-climatic systems at the local scale to reduce uncertainties associated with environmental heterogeneity.The integration of locally reliable data is tested to model sparsely instrumented, highly heterogeneous catchments. Two sub-catchments of the Dudh Koshi River basin (Nepal) are used as representative samples of high and mid-mountain environments, with no glacier contribution. The ISBA surface scheme is applied to simulate hydrological responses of the surfaces that are described based on in-situ observations. Measurements of physical properties of soils are integrated to precise surface parametrization in the model. Necessary climatic data is interpolated based on available in-situ measurements. A non deterministic approach is applied to quantify uncertainties associated with the effect of topography on precipitation and their propagation through the modeling chain. Finally, uncertainties associated with model structure are estimated at the local scale by comparing simulation methods and results obtained on the one hand with the ISBA model, coupled with a reservoir routing module, and on the other hand, with the J2000 hydrological model
Rai, Santa Man. "Les nappes de Katmandou et du Gosainkund, Himalaya du Népal central : étude cartographique, structural, métamorphique, géochimique et radiochronologique." Phd thesis, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00640663.
Full textLeonard, Jean Marie. "Les filons à micas et tourmalines du Haut Himalaya au Népal central.Témoins des transferts magmatiques entre les migmatites du Haut Himalaya et les granites de type Manaslu." Phd thesis, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00642000.
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