Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pétrole – Teneur en vanadium'
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Glénat, Philippe. "Démétallisation biologique de résidus pétroliers lourds." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10052.
Full textSoogund, Deana. "Nouveaux catalyseurs à base de vanadium pour l’hydrodémétallation des résidus." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10091/document.
Full textThis work concerns the preparation of catalysts for hydrodemetallation (HDM) which aims at eliminating metals (Ni and V) present in heavy oil such as vacuum residue (VR) feeds. The catalyst currently used is NiMo/Al2O3. During HDM part of the metals present in the feed settles on the catalysts surface. It was shown that the vanadium deposited has a beneficial effect on the HDM of these catalysts. However the exact role of vanadium in HDM reactions is not clearly established. The aim of this work is thus to understand the role of vanadium on the catalytic performances of these catalysts, with the objective of developing new active phases for the HDM of residues. To undertake this study, catalysts were prepared with impregnating solutions obtained: i) from mixed heteropolyanions (lacunary Keggin) and ii) from the dissolution of MoO3 and V2O5. This study was extended to the synthesis of NiVMo catalysts in order to promote hydrodesulphurisation (HDS) as well as HDM. The new solutions were deposited on an alumina support by incipient wetness impregnation. The evolution of the compounds in the impregnating solutions till their deposition on the support and after activation (sulphidation) has been analysed using various physico-chemical characterisation techniques. Activity measurements on model molecules (hydrogenation, isomerisation) and on real feed, VR, (HDM, HDS, hydrodeasphaltenisation, HDAsC7) was performed. During tests on real feedstock, interesting HDM activity was observed compared to reference catalysts (NiMo and Mo/Al2O3). It can be concluded that the use of vanadium in the impregnating solution may promote HDM and more particularly promote HDAsC7 for which the following activity improvement is observed: MoPV>NiMoP>Mo. The increase in HDM/HDAsC7 activity may be related to the improvement of hydrogenation and/or isomerisation, the latter being improved by the presence of vanadium
Roussy, Jean. "Etude expérimentale du comportement en décharge de suies de centrales thermiques." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0038.
Full text[All industrial production now requires the setting up of an economic and ecological management programme to deal with the waste that is inevitably generated. As far as elimination by discharge or stocking, while awaiting valorisation, concerned, laboratory experiments are required to evaluate the impacts of such practices on the natural environment. On this subject, we are specifically studying the phenomena of soluble elements being removed by water. We have studied fuel-oil power station flying ashes under different conditions: flying ashes, before and after calcination, on its own, or mixed with household rubbish. With the aid of a number of lysimeters and aqueous leaching solutions, we were able to monitor the behaviour of these types of flying ashes, in particular the amount of vanadium found ~n the waste. In the case of interactions between physicochemical and biological evolutions the use of synthetic household rubbish type of waste often dumped along with flying ashes into waste heaps, broadens the possibility of laboratory experiments. This ensures the availability of identical samples of a reduced scale without harming the accuracy of the simulation of the phenomena actually observed under real conditions. In conclusion, we have quantified the foreseeable impacts of this waste and above all, contributed to a better definition of laboratory practices to be implemented. ]
Gascon, German. "Contribution à l'étude de la séparation/extraction et à l'identification des composés du nickel et du vanadium dans un brut pétrolier." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU3035.
Full textThis PhD work were mainly dedicated to the fractionation of crude oil and petroleum products in order to better caracterize metals compounds (mainly V and Ni) in these complex matrices. It was determined that V and Ni compounds present in the crude oils and residues are concentrated mainly in their more polar fractions, that is to say, resins and asphaltenes. Concerning sulfur compounds, it was found that they are concentrate in the resins and aromatics fractions. All these results were similar to reported in the literature.It was also found the content of V and Ni compounds that precipitate together with the asphaltenes depends linearly of solubility parameter of solvent used for the precipitation of asphaltenes, so, for solvents with solubility parameters close to 16 MPa0.5, the percentage of asphaltene soluble increases. So it can be concluded the true percentage of asphaltenes present in the crude oil is equal to the percentage of insoluble asphaltenes plus the percentage of soluble asphaltenes. For this type of asphaltenes, it was found that they have a molecular weight distribution very similar to insoluble asphaltenes, and not a lower molecular weight, as originally thought (Speight and Mitchell, 1973).With respect to the distribution of molecular weights for the V compounds present in the samples evaluated, at least three molecular weight distributions were identified. Those were identified as compounds with high molecular weight (HMW), medium molecular weight (MMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) following the nomenclature previously reported in the literature. (Desprez et al., 2014).On these distributions, we has found that compounds of V, Ni and S with HMW predominate in the asphaltenes, which is characteristic of nanoaggregate compounds. With respect to the compounds with MMW, these were observed in a greater proportion in maltenes. It should be noted the presence of compounds with HMW in all maltenes evaluated, which for the reasons discussed above, can be considered an unavoidable evidence of the presence of soluble asphaltenes.With respect to the separation/extraction methods developed, it was possible to separate the different distributions of molecular weights initially identified in maltenes and asphaltenes. In the case of maltenes, for the first time in the literature it was possible to extract the various compounds of V and Ni present in these according to their molecular weight. For the separation in maltenes, liquid-liquid extractions on maltene dissolved in heptane were developed. So, with ACN, it has been possible to extract LMW compounds, while extractions with DMF allowed extracting MMW compounds, staying in the remaining maltene mostly compounds with HMW.For the asphaltene extraction, 11 solvents were evaluated. The study of profile obtained to each extract and remanent, allowed to pose a separation scheme that enabled to get up to 4 different molecular weight distributions. These were obtained with ACN, Acetone and DMF used sequentially. It is important to mention it was found that the insoluble fraction gotten with DMF had the highest molecular weight, even in comparison with the HMW asphaltenes soluble in DMF.With respect to the influence of the concentration on the aggregated compounds, it was found that this does not influence on the presence of compounds with HMW. Nanogregate were found in a solution of asphaltenes diluted 40,000 times (25 mg / L).Regarding the characterization of the extracted fractions, only the fraction corresponding to low molecular weights was studied. Determination of the molecular weight distribution by mass spectrometry and comparison of the GPC ICP MS chromatogram with a porphyrin standards, suggests that these V and Ni compounds present in LMW fraction has a structures quite simple. A deeper characterization will be presented in later work
Se determinó que los compuestos de V y Ni presentes en los crudos y residuos evaluados se concentran principalmente en su fracciones más polares, es decir, resinas y asfaltenos. Con respecto a los compuestos de azufre, se encontró que los mismos se concentran en las resinas y aromáticos. Todos estos resultados fueron similares a lo reportado en la literatura. Igualmente se encontró que el contenido de compuestos de V y Ni que precipitan junto con los asfaltenos depende linealmente del parámetro de solubilidad del solvente usado para la precipitación de los asfaltenos, así para solventes con parámetros de solubilidad cercanos a 16 MPa0.5, el porcentaje de se asfalteno soluble incrementa, por lo que se puede concluir que el porcentaje verdadero de asfaltenos presente en el crudo es igual al porcentaje de asfaltenos insoluble más el porcentaje de asfaltenos solubles. Sobre este tipo de asfaltenos, se encontró que los mismos poseen una distribución de pesos moleculares muy similar a la de los asfaltenos insolubles, y no un peso molecular mucho menor, como se pensaba en un principio. Con respecto a la distribución de pesos moleculares para los compuestos de V presentes en las muestras evaluadas, se identificaron al menos tres grandes distribuciones de pesos moleculares. Las mismas se identificaron como compuestos con alto peso molecular o high molecular weight (HMW en inglés), medio peso molecular o medium molecular weight (MMW en inglés) y bajo peso molecular o low molecular weight (LMW por sus siglas en inglés) siguiendo la nomenclatura reportada previamente en la literatura. Sobre estas distribuciones, encontramos que en los asfaltenos predominan compuestos de V, Ni y S con HMW, el cual es característicos de compuestos agregados. Con respecto a los compuestos con MMW, estos fueron observados en mayor proporción en los maltenos. Es de hacer notar la presencia de compuestos con HMW en todos los maltenos evaluados, la cual por las razones antes expuestas, puede ser considerada una evidencia ineludible de la presencia de asfaltenos solubles. Con respecto a los métodos de separación desarrollados, fue posible la separación de las diferentes distribuciones de pesos moleculares inicialmente identificadas en los maltenos y asfaltenos. En el caso de los maltenos, por primera vez en la literatura fue posible separar los diversos compuestos de V y Ni en función de su peso molecular en HMW, MMW y LMW. La separación si hizo empleando extracciones líquido-líquido a maltenos disueltos en heptano con acetonitrilo para la extracción de compuestos con LMW, seguido de extracciones con dimetilformamida para la extracción de compuestos con MMW, quedando en el malteno remanente de la extracción, mayoritariamente compuestos con HMW. Para los asfaltenos, se evaluaron hasta 11 solventes en la extracción de compuestos de V y Ni. El perfil de los compuestos extraídos, permitió separar hasta 4 distribuciones de pesos moleculares diferentes con ACN, acetona y DMF usados secuencialmente. Con respecto a los compuestos con HMW, se encontró que la fracción insoluble con DMF presenta un mayor peso molecular que los asfaltenos con HMW solubles en estos. Con respecto a la influencia de la concentración en la determinación de compuestos con HMW la caracterización de los compuestos de V y Ni, los mismos fueron determinados aun en una solución de asfaltenos diluida 40.000 veces (25 mg/L). En lo referente a la caracterización de las fracciones separadas, solo fue estudiada inicialmente la fracción correspondiente a bajos pesos moleculares. En la misma, la determinación de la distribución de pesos moleculares por espectrometría de masa y la comparación en el cromatograma por GPC-ICP MS de estándares porfirínicos, sugiere que estos compuestos de V y Ni con LMW son metaloporfirinas simples presentes en el crudo con estructuras bastantes sencillas. Una caracterización más profunda será presentada en trabajo posteriores para esta y las demás fracciones
Mocaer, Brigitte. "Hydrodémétallisation des fractions lourdes pétrolières." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10108.
Full textMarcano, Brito Francia. "Evaluation des paramètres structuraux des asphaltènes et de leurs effets sur les propriétés physiques et chimiques des bruts." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3008/document.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to provide information that can help in clarifying the mechanism by which asphaltene precipitation occurs in order to optimize the models that predict the phenomenon. The study is divided into three chapters. In the first one, the constituents of aromatic and saturate fractions of some Venezuelan crude oils were associated with the asphaltenes stability. SARA composition was correlated with asphaltene flocculation onsets and the results showed that saturates, similar to resins, have a significant effect on the flocculation process of the asphaltenes. In the second chapter, the concentration of Ni and V was determined in asphaltenes and their fractions A1 and A2. The samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and elemental combustion analysis. Results show that A1 presents higher Ni and V concentrations than A2, in both stable and unstable crude oils. These results can be explained by strong interactions, such as covalent bonds between the petroporphyrins and the asphaltene molecules. In the final section, the asphaltenes phase envelopes were obteined for a system consisting of asphaltene in a mixture toluene/heptane/CO2. The temperature ranges 10-150 °C with varying concentrations of CO2 between 10 and 20 wt%. The experimental results confirm that increase of pressure leads to increase of solubility of the asphaltenes in the medium. Also, there are two temperature regimes having opposite trends. First, the solubility of the asphaltenes increases with the temperature, then after a threshold value of 80 °C, the stability is getting worse with the temperature
Méhay, Sabine. "Etude de pétroles biodégradés : L'isotopie du soufre comme outil de corrélation et marqueur de processus d'altération." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/MEHAY_Sabine_2006.pdf.
Full textIn the present study, the biodegradation of petroleum in reservoirs has been investigated by the molecular and isotopic study of three series of petroleum and core extracts, coming from Alberta (Canada), from the Potiguar Basin (Brazil) and from the San Joaquim Valley (California, USA). The molecular study allowed us to rank them according to the biodegradation scale of Peters and Moldowan (1993). This study also showed variations in the level of maturity reached by the samples and in the origin of the organic matter, within each series. However, correlations between oil samples as well as the identification of their source rocks appeared difficult to establish, due to the biodegradation of biomarkers. The sulfur isotopic study of oil samples showed that the 34S constitutes a good correlation tool because it does not seem to be affected by the biodegradation of sulfur organic compounds. However, this work suggested that secondary reactions of sulfur exchange and/or incorporation could happen with increasing biodegradation, and lead to variations in the sulfur isotopic composition of oil, in reservoirs containing H2S, generated notably by bacterial sulphate reduction. This was further corroborated by laboratory experiments of simulation. Finally, tests for the development of irm-GC/MS to measure the sulfur isotopic composition of individual compounds were performed in order to progress in the study of the sulfurization processes of organic matter
Tummolo, Mauro. "Advanced Oxidation Processes for water remediation by crude oil pollution." Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10005.
Full textLe pétrole, probablement le mélange organique le plus complexe, est un liquide naturel et inflammable constitué de composés organiques ayant des propriétés chimiques différentes: hydrocarbures saturés et insaturés, composés hétéro‐atomiques (N S et O) et une petite quantité de métaux. La pollution de l’eau et du sol causée par le pétrole est un problème mondial. Les hydrocarbures arrivent dans l'environnement par des épanchements accidentels ou des fuites industrielles ou, encore, comme sous‐produits de l’activité commercial et domestique. Quelque soit le type de pollution (primaire ou secondaire, c'est‐à‐dire directe ou occasionnel) les hydrocarbures du pétrole arrivent sur la surface du sol et dans l’eau et peuvent arriver dans les nappes aquifères et entrer dans la chaîne alimentaire. L’irradiation solaire représente un procédé naturel d’atténuation des polluants organiques à la surface des sols pouvant servir par exemple à la décontamination de sites contaminés par le pétrole. Ce procès peut être accéléré avec l’utilisation de catalyseurs (photocatalyse) tel que le bioxyde de titane (TiO2) qui semble être le catalyseur le plus efficace et économique. Depuis quelques années on étudie, aussi, l’application soit des ultrasons (sonolyse) soit le couplage sonolyse‐photocatalyse afin de dégrader les polluants organiques dans l’eau. Toutefois la littérature ne reporte pas des articles scientifiques qui appliquent ce couplage pour la purification de l'eau contaminée par les hydrocarbures dérivés du pétrole. Le but de ce travail, pourtant, a été d’étudier la possibilité d'appliquer des méthodes d’oxydation extrême (AOPs, Advanced Oxidation Processes) pour la purification d'eau polluée par le pétrole. Pour les essais de dégradation on a préparé une suspension eau/pétrole dans un récipient en Pyrex (10 L). Dans le récipient on a introduits 7,0 L d'eau distillé et pétrole en rapport 1/20 (pétrole/eau). La solution a été maintenue en agitation à l’obscurité pour 30 jours pour permettre à l'eau de se saturer d’hydrocarbures. La dégradation du pétrole dissous dans l’eau a été menée par sonolyse à 20 kHz, par photocatalyse et par sonophotocatalyse. La dégradation photocatalytique à été menée en utilisant une lampe HPK 125 W et TiO2 comme catalyseur alors que pour la sonolyse on à utilisé un ultrason de puissance électrique enregistrable entre 7 e 100 W. Les échantillons du pétrole ont été analysés par chromatographie gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (GC‐MS), par résonance magnétique nucléaire sur le proton liquide (1H RMN), par spectrométrie de masse à Résonance Cyclotronique Ionique et Transformée de Fourier (FT‐ICR‐MS) et par fluorescence. L’étude en GC‐MS des composés non polaires du pétrole irradiés dans le simulateur solaire, a montré, après l’irradiation, une augmentation de la quantité relative de la fraction C13‐C23 et une réduction de la fraction C7‐C12. L’analyse des mêmes échantillons en FT‐ICR‐MS à montré l'oxygénation des doubles liaisons et une augmentation des produits d’oxydation. Les analyses en GC‐MS des composes non polaires, présents dans la fraction soluble du pétrole naturel, ont montrés une forte présence d'alcanes complexes et une grande quantité d'alcanes linéaires et aromatiques. En général, les trois méthodes de dégradation utilisées (sonolyse, photocatalyse, et sonophotocatalyse) ont produit une augmentation des composée en C5 et une diminution de la fraction C6‐C9. Les analyses en FT‐ICR des composés polaires ont relevé rien de remarquable après la sonolyse, une légère diminution des composes oxygénés après les photocatalyse et une évidente réduction des mêmes composes après la sono‐photocatalyse. Les diagrammes de Kendrick et van Krevelen confirment ces résultats: on observe, en effet, une augmentation des composés avec bas poids moléculaire et une légère augmentation d'atomes d’oxygène. En conclusion on peut affirmer que les ultrasons ont une influence remarquable sur la dégradation photocatalytique des polluants organiques. La sonophotocatalyse, pourtant, grâce à la synergie d’action, augmente l'efficacité du procès de dégradation
Krosniak, Miroslaw. "Rôle des ligands organiques dans les propriétés antidiabétiques du vanadium." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON13523.
Full textDaniel-David, Delphine. "Etude du mécanisme de désémulsification des émulsions de type eau dans pétrole brut par des polymers siliconés." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1636.
Full textViscoelastic films of aggregated asphaltenes prevent the coalescence of water droplets in water -in-oil emulsions formed during crude oil exploitation. Demulsifying surfactants are used to promote phase separation before oil refining process. The aim of this PhD thesis is to explain a destabilization mechanism for a silicone polyether copolymer, by relating its structure to its performance. The copolymer was first characterized at the air/water interface in order to understand its adsorption without the presence of the indigenous crude oil components. Various techniques have been used to elucidate the destabilisation mechanism by the copolymer. The proposed destabilisation mechanism is as follows : the copolymer first adsorbs at the crude oil water interface into packing defect sites due to its high affinity for the oil water interface. Then, the copolymer molecules disrupt the asphaltene network, allowing the coalescence of water droplets
Davach, de Thèze Jean-François. "Vapoconversion catalytique sélective de produits aromatiques en présence de composés soufrés." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10521.
Full textDubois, Nicolas. "Comportement d'un nouveau matériau pour la cimentation de puits de pétrole : relations entre la structure particulaire et les propriétés rhéologiques." Orléans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ORLE2034.
Full textDesprez, Alain. "Caractérisation moléculaire et élémentaire des produits pétroliers lourds." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3052.
Full textThe crude oils available for the refining industry are heavier and heavier and more concentrated in metals and heteroelements. It is thus of great importance to study the speciation of these species within the petroleum products and their behavior during the refining processes. To answer that problematic, elemental and molecular characterization techniques have been used, mainly High Resolution ICP MS and FT ICR MS for the elemental and molecular characterization respectively. The analytical techniques quoted are used for the analysis of several petroleum products sometimes originating from refining processes and the information obtained at the elemental and molecular level are combined to improve our understanding of the mechanisms occurring within our samples during refining activities
Caumette, Guilhem. "Analyse de spéciation des métaux dans les produits lourds du pétrole par couplage LC-ICP MS (Chromatographie liquide – Spectromètre de masse à plasma induit)." Pau, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PAUU3029.
Full textThe use of heavy petroleum, increasingly popular because of the shortage of energy supplies, is hampered by the presence of heavy metals, such as nickel and vanadium, which negatively affect refining processes. The objective of the thesis was to develop novel analytical methods able to study the metal distribution in petroleum, its fractions and related products. The principal developments include: (i) a high-throughput sensitive method for the analysis of organic matrices based on flow-injection total consumption micronebulisation ICP MS; (ii) a coupling of gel-permeation LC with ICP MS; and (iii) a coupling of normal phase LC – ICP MS allowing the 2D gel-permeation – normal phase characterization of the metal distribution by ICP MS. The methods developed were applied to the analysis of a number of crude oils and their fractions
Gutiérrez, Sama Sara. "Identifications moléculaires des espèces hétéroatomiques et métalliques en lien avec les procédés d’hydrodemetallation et d’hydroconversion." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3042.
Full textThe presence of heteroatoms and metals in heavy fractions of crude oil can cause the deactivation of hydrotreatment and hydrocracking catalysts. Compounds containing these elements are known to be included in macromolecular asphaltene aggregates, which are considered the most problematic components of heavy oil. This thesis aimed for a better understanding of the chemical environment of these species and on the aggregation phenomenon to optimize refining processes. Separation techniques such as Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Advanced Polymer Chromatography (APC) and High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) were combined with elementary analysis techniques such as Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP MS) or high-resolution molecular mass spectrometry for the characterization of heavy fractions of crude oil. Here, the size profiles of species that contain vanadium, nickel and sulfur, the most abundant heteroatoms and metals present in petroleum products, were determined by GPC online with elemental detection by ICP MS. The parameters having the most significant impact on size distribution and the evolution over time of aggregates from solutions of different petroleum cuts were optimized. This allowed the comparison between various feeds and effluents and other series of samples and mixtures from pilot units of refining processes by GPC ICP MS. Results obtained could be related to macroscopic characteristics such as viscosity. Hyphenation of the new APC System to ICP MS has been successfully completed. It allowed the mapping of petroleum samples faster than GPC, therefore with less solvent consumption. However, the differences of the APC chromatograms obtained with respect to the GPC profiles suggested significant unwanted interactions of the highly polar compounds of the petroleum samples with the stationary phase, which have been thoroughly studied. Finally, another type of separation was evaluated. HPTLC, of single-use plates, can be applied to the analysis of heavy petroleum products by polarity without prior deasphalting steps while chromatography columns can be deteriorated because of the irreversible adsorption and asphaltene precipitation. To this end, various types of plates and eluents were tested to develop straightforward SAR (Saturates, Aromatics and Resins) separations of Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO) samples. This method, based on single-step migrations with reduced irreversible adsorption and UV monitoring, could be implemented for routine analysis in control laboratories. Very promising results were obtained by the use of cellulose plates for the separation of different families within asphaltene aggregates. Tests on Desorption ElectroSpray Ionization (DESI) MS, Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) MS and Laser Ablation (LA) ICP MS analyses of the plates have been performed
Houda, Sara. "Oxidative desulfurization of marine fuels : optimization of reaction conditions and development of efficient catalysts." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R064.
Full textThe International Maritime Organization (IMO) has limited marine fuel sulfur content in Sulfur Emission Control Areas (SECAs) from 1 to 0.1 wt.% in 2015 and will limit marine fuel sulfur content from 3.5 to 0.5 wt.% in all maritime areas by 2020. Marine fuels consist of heavy oils characterized by high sulfur content with refractory sulfur compounds difficult to remove using existing conventional high pressure hydrodesulfurization processes. However, these sulfides molecules appeared more reactive in oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process, carried out at mild conditions without hydrogen consumption. The objective of this thesis is to propose an oxidative desulfurization method of marine fuels. Nevertheless, ODS on heavy fuels is still immature and marine fuels are poorly studied with only few publications reported in literature. This work first focused on the development of a reliable methodology for the analysis of sulfur compounds in marine fuels before the study of an appropriate and efficient catalyst for marine fuel ODS reaction with optimized operating conditions. Among a large variety of marine fuels, three marine fuels were chosen with high viscosities that varied from 380 to 700 cSt. The results of chemical analysis revealed high sulfur content ranging from 0.6 to 3.2 wt.% reflecting the variability of the composition of marine fuels. ODS reaction was carried out by heterogeneous catalysis using MoO3/Al2O3-H2O2 system in batch reactor. The effects of reaction time, oxidant to sulfur molar ratio (Ox/S) and extracting solvent were investigated. Ultrasound assisted oxidative desulfurization coupled to normal mixing provided better desulfurization rates due to the synergetic effect provided by ultrasounds. Studies on the effects of molybdenum loading, phosphorus and/or vanadium doping and molybdenum precursor type were carried out on the alumina-supported molybdenum catalyst. Others oxide carriers were also employed, remarkably improving catalytic performances. Under the optimum conditions and with the most efficient catalysts, it was possible to oxidize and desulfurize all selected feeds making them compatible with the 2020 new regulations
Eljammal, Tamim. "Nature et distribution des hydrocarbures et des acides gras dans des sédiments marins oxydes et réduits." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30034.
Full text