Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pétrole'
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Hemidet, Mohamed El Hadi. "Prix du pétrole et performances macroéconomiques dans les pays exportateurs de pétrole : trois essais empiriques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100026.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to study the link between oil prices and macroeconomic performances in oil exporting countries. Adopting an applied econometrics approach, we use recent techniques of panel data econometrics. For this, three themes are envisaged. We identify first the main determinants of economic growth of these countries. Considering the dynamic nature of growth, our results highlight the key role of the oil rent in explaining economic growth in these countries. The study of macroeconomic interactions highlights that, in the short term, a positive oil price shock improves the current account and boosts economic growth but also leads to an appreciation of the exchange rate in oil exporting countries. Regarding the interaction between macroeconomic variables excluding oil prices, we find that they are relatively weak. We then show that the fundamentals of the real effective exchange rates in oil exporting countries are mainly the terms of trade, the relative productivity and government expenditures. The study of exchange rate misalignments shows the existence of a strong heterogeneity among the countries studied. However, our investigations highlight the key role of exchange rate regimes in explaining the magnitude of these exchange rates misalignments. In particular, we show that the fixed exchange rate regime is more appropriate to reduce the magnitude of the exchange rate misalignments in oil-exporting countries
Avendano, Jorge. "Viscoélasticité et récupération améliorée du pétrole." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00695896.
Full textBrémond, Vincent. "Prix du pétrole, tendance et cycles." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100099.
Full textThe relationships between macroeconomic variables and oil prices have deserved a great interest in the economic literature. Those interactions depend on both the retained variables and the time horizon considered. The aim of the PhD is to study the relationships between oil price and various macroeconomic and financial variables by considering different time horizons as well as various econometric procedures. After reminding the oil industry evolution since 1860, we study the relationships between oil price and the production behavior of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, using both time series and panel data tools. Then, an analysis with time-varying parameters VAR models is implemented, regarding the impact of the USD exchange rate on the Brent price. Lastly, we study the co-movements between oil and commodity prices, using non stationary panel data methodology
Al-Obaidy, Ali Jasim. "Stratégie d'industrialisation du pétrole en Irak." Rennes 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985REN1G029.
Full textBallah, Jamoowantee. "Récupération du pétrole par injection d'eau douce." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066053/document.
Full textThe technique of low salinity waterflooding (LSW) during Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes, attempt to recover residual oils trapped in petroleum reservoirs. So far, after evidences of the benefits of LSW, some controversial results emerged and the mechanisms underlying the technology is still debated in the literature. It thus appears crucial to have a thorough understanding crude oil/brine/rock (COBR) interactions as the reservoir is a porous medium in which solid and fluid phases coexist. Firstly we studied the water wettability of different swelling clay minerals as a function of different interlayer cations (Li+, Na+, K+ and Ca2+), relative humidity, particle size and surface roughness. Even if these parameters have been investigated individually, the nature of the cations, surface roughness and particle size are closely linked. The nature of exchangeable cation indirectly drives the state of roughness of the clay films (in decreasing order: Ca2+ >>> K+ > (Li+, Na+)). However, it is the hydration energy which ultimately takes over during contact angle measurements. On the other hand, for a given clay mineral with a given exchangeable cation, wettability of the film has been observed to be influenced by the size of the particles. The larger the size of the clay platelets, the rougher the film and the higher the contact angle. As far as the influence of relative humidity is concerned, it only has a marginal effect on the contact angles. However, working at high humidity has shown to limit the phenomenon of evaporation. Regarding the oil wettability of clay minerals, at a solid/oil/air interface, the oil rapidly spread on the different clay minerals. In the second part, biphasic oil/aqueous medium interaction as a function of salt species and concentration has been studied via interfacial tension measurements (IFT). The results obtained with two crude oils and a model system (dodecane containing oleic acid) have shown that IFT is minimum at an optimum salinity. As far as salt species is concerned, IFT of the crude oils has been observed to be low in the presence of small, hard and highly polarising ions like Li+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ and in the presence of large, soft and highly polarisable ions like Rb+ and Cs+. The results on the model system has shown that lowering of IFT was due to ion paring between the small, hard cations and the hard polar headgroup of the surfactant (oleate). The third part of the thesis was dedicated to the study of triple phase oil/brine/clay interactions. Our results firstly show that in conditions favouring salting-in of surfactants, adsorption of crude oil components on clay minerals have been favoured (lowering of oil contact angles on mica surfaces in the presence of brines composed of divalent cations). Triple phase interaction has also been investigated by studying the stability of emulsions in the presence of clay colloids.According to the different observations we hypothesised that some crude oil components adsorb directly onto mineral surfaces while others need a cation bridge (Na+, Ca+ or Mg2+)
Boukherissa, Malika. "Etude de la stabilité des asphaltènes dans le pétrole brut : choix de dispersants et le mécanisme d'action." Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ026S/document.
Full textThe precipitation of asphaltenes during oil extraction plug up the well bore and causes serious damages diminishing the oil productivity. To prevent asphaltene precipitation additives are injected in the well bore to stopping aggregation. The objective of our study was to synthesis and to test the efficiency of a new family of flocculation inhibition based on the ionic liquids containing an imidazolium cation. The flocculation test were carried out with different experimental techniques and it was shown that certain of these molecules are very efficient. An efficient dispersant should delay the flocculation process and and limit the size of the flocculating flocs. Thus, in flocculating fluids, flocs are maintained in suspension and do not hinder the crude oil flux
Rojas, d'Onofrio Jorge. "Capacité opérative des réseaux de transfert de pétrole." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00668722.
Full textDanadji, Issac. "Le pétrole dans le développement économique du Tchad." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE0506.
Full textNaccache, Théo. "Impact sectoriel d'une rupture du prix du pétrole." Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100007.
Full textBetween 1999 and 2008, the normal price of oil went from 17 dollars to 147 dollars per barrel. This increase is comparable to the 1970s oil shocks in magnitude, yet their causes and their effects on the economy are very different. While the first oil shocks were followed by recessions in the US, the recent oil price increases were not. Does it mean that the oil price has lost its influence on the global economy? To answer this question, we introduce original oil price specifications, rely on a sectoral approach of the economic activity, and analyse the relationship between oil prices and economic activity at various time scales. Thanks to the concept of oil price accelerations and oil price "jerks", we show that far from weakening, the oil price -economic activity relationship has even grown stronger ever since the early eighties. At the sectoral level, we observe that the impact oh the oil price on economic activity depends mainly on the strategies implemented by firms to face oil shock. Based on the wavelet theory, which enables separate time scales, we then show that the oil price is following a long cycle, of 20 to 40 years long, which may correspond to the energy investment cycle. Finally, by analysing the relationship existing between the oil price and global aggregate and sectoral stock indices, we show that the causality running from the oil price to the economy is currently reversing
Peureux, Sylvie. "Hydroconversion thermocatalytique profonde de coupes lourdes de pétrole." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10157.
Full textJaubert, Jean-Noël. "Une méthode de caractérisation des coupes lourdes des fluides pétroliers applicable à la prédiction des propriétés thermodynamiques des huiles et à la récupération assistée du pétrole." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30003.
Full textLaxalde, Jérémy. "Analyse des produits lourds du pétrole par spectroscopie vibrationnelle." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00687932.
Full textFarvardin, Fereidoon. "L'OPEP et le marché mondial du pétrole : (1980-2000)." Paris 13, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA131006.
Full textThe general themes of this research work can be summarized as : - oil, because it is critical to world economy, and is still relatively cheap to extract, will remain the premium residual energy source (and therefore its market the energy price setter) well into the next century. - in the areas other than the persian gulf region of the middle east, oil is becoming difficult to extract and therefore more expensive. - according opec's oil exporting countries of the persian gulf are in the market to stay through the rest of the century. - because of some inherent characteristics of the oil market price movements are likely to continue to exhibit strong fluctuations. Instability could be worsened not only by new shocks but also by shifts in the market power. Thus the market will retain potential to damage the interests of both oil exporting and oil importing countries
Lescaroux, François. "Le prix du pétrole et la conjoncture économique américaine." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOE006.
Full textAfter 30 years of research analysts still disagree about the influence of oil prices on macroeconomic variations. As to the United States, elasticities between real GDP and oil price form a wide spectrum stretching from a value close to -1% to -11,6%. We identify a set of influences which condition the vulnerability of an economy and then construct an econometric sectoral and non-linear model inspired from Marshall's theory. The simulations conducted let us explain the long-run weakening in the oil price-macroeconomy relationship and highlight the prominent part played by imported inflation and monetary policy in the crisis of the 70's and 80's. According to the values of the structural factors in the model and to the shape of the oil price short-run disequilibrium, the elasticities evaluated cover the whole range of published elasticities
Maurer, Alain. "Modélisation du secteur transformation du pétrole : interactions de prix." Dijon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992DIJOE004.
Full textIn the heart of the perpetual moving energy matters, prices play a major role in both short and long term adjustments. Oil price is the leading energy price. As crude material, it participates to petroleum price formation, which themselves affect crude oil price through local valorization constraints. Our research aims to isolate, from the great changes in the energy picture during the last 20 years, the remaining trends in the relationship between crude oil and petroleum price to final consumer. Prices interactions between oil and gas are then studied in the same way. A general survey of concepts and methods to deal with joint products is considered first as multiproduction appeard to be an essential feature of hydrocarbons both at production and transformation level. The appraisal of the main compounds of petroleum and gas product prices and the comparison of their shares in the final price is the second step of the study. Price relationship finally selected shared a simple form and appeared to be relatively satisfactory. Estimation of parameters has required normal econometrical methods. Results are reflecting in a large extend market differences
Chaouchi, Mérièm. "Formation du prix du pétrole : L'impact du choc informationnel." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020092.
Full textLaxalde, Jérémy. "Analyse des produits lourds du pétrole par spectroscopie infrarouge." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10022/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to develop an alternative analysis for the characterisation of heavy oil products. Predictive chemometric models have been developed by mid-infrared (MIR) and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopies. This work has principally concerned the predictive model optimisation of saturate, aromatic, resin and asphalten contents (SARA). A simultaneous optimisation procedure of spectral data pre-processing methods and variable selection by genetic algorithms was evaluated. This approach has permitted to lead to the best NIR predictions and to show the interpretation potentialof selected variables. A comparative study of MIR and NIR spectroscopies for the development of heavy oil property predictive model was also performed. Results have shown that NIR spectroscopy was globally better for our application. It has been shown that spectroscopic data fusion can improve predictive power of models. The obtained results have shown that it seems however necessary that both spectroscopy, considered separately, have to lead to similar predictive power to expect an predictive power improvement when combining MIR and NIR. The interpretation potential of multiblock has been confirmed for the identification of MIR and NIR specific information. Finally, models developed for the prediction of density, contents of SARA, Conradson carbon, hydrogen, sulphur and nitrogen were judged satisfactory for an application at laboratory
Dafri, Driss. "Etude de la floculation des asphaltènes du pétrole brut." Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ034S.
Full textThe objective of this study was to identify parameters of aggregation and of flocculation of asphaltenes. Particularly, we worked on the influence of the kinetic factors on the asphaltene deposition and on the changes of asphaltene properties during floc ageing. The flocculation process was studied with the selected, significantly different crude oils. Experiences were done with the use of different solvents and flocculants. We have studied the impact of the alkane chain length on the aggregation mechanism, as well as the influence of acid and basic compounds, the interactions of which with asphaltenes are very strong. The dynamic light scattering technique was used to follow aggregation induced by compositional and temperature changes. Kinetic results were completed with rheological studies that afforded an information not only on the macroscopic flow properties but also on subtle structure changes that cannot be obtained with other techniques. Results obtained allowed a better comprehension of the mechanism of aggregation and flocculation of asphaltenes and will be use to elaborate new methods of asphaltene flocculation prevention
Augé, Benjamin. "Produire du pétrole en zone de conflit : cas de l'Afrique médiane." Paris 8, 2012. http://octaviana.fr/document/172757290#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textOil exploration has been changing at break-neck speed since the oil price began to spike around the year 2000. Exploration is now taking place in around 40 countries on the continent. No barriers or difficulties whatsoever stand in the way of companies turning up to search for new reserves, a key raw material to fuel the continuous growth of the global economy. In Africa, western majors are joined by companies from Asia, Russia and Brazil. But on a continent where conflicts are widespread, oil extraction can superimpose itself on unstable situations. This doctoral thesis aims to explain how oil exploration/production can exacerbate pre-existing tensions. To focus on this particular issue, examples will be cited from across Africa but we will look at greater depth at central-east Africa, a vast area composed of the Great Lakes region and eastern Africa. In the 1990s this region was plagued by two wars that raged in Democratic Republic of Congo. Coalition forces fought over a country whose mineral resources are still being looted by neighboring nations and local militias at the expense of the Congolese government. Oil exploration around the borders of eastern Congo has fuelled new conflicts with former adversaries (Rwanda and Uganda). Elsewhere, the theft of crude by Angola around the mouth of the Congo River has been the price that Joseph Kabila's family has had to pay to remain in power. South Sudan, which broke away from the North in 2011, has created a dangerous precedent; the move demonstrated that the 19th century borders of Africa are not definitive. And the role of oil in the process has been decisive
Bayunanto, Alloysius. "Le régime juridique des activités pétrolières en Indonésie." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB183.
Full textThe exploitation of oil resources is an important way for development in oil-countries. However, in most of these countries, the abundance of these natural resources often raises some matters, especially regarding to the governance of oil activities and management of oil revenues. Therefore, implementation of appropriate oil policies by the host State are the main factors for a successful development in the oil sector. In view of the domestic and international situations, Indonesia expressed its oil policy with the legal norms in the forms of laws, regulations and provisions in oil cooperation contracts. Moreover, to implement effective governance of petroleum activities, the Government of Indonesia has developed a tax and financial system and set up the structure and institutions special. In the history of national oil operations, Indonesia has attempted to find the best system that could give the most balanced revenues sharing to stakeholders by constantly reforming the legal norms, the tax and financial system institutions as well as institutions managers of the oil sector
Haefelin, Arnaud. "Le rôle de l'innovation technologique comme facteur de structuration de la sous-filière parapétrolière." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010056.
Full textThe oil industry chain is wide : it starts from the exploration of oil and ends with the gasoline for the car tank. Within the industry chain, we can find a activity which becomes more and more important : the "oil and gas services industry". The upstream of the industry is made of two main activities : the exploration and the production. Step by step the majors began to use smaller firms as subcontractors in order to further reduce their cost and to benefit from new technologies available. The purpose of this thesis will be to analyze the influence of the technological evolution on one hand on the cost and market structure, on the other hand on the firms found on the branch. In order to conceptualize the influence of new technology, we will be using different concepts as : - the advantages of the big sized firms. - the diffusion process by schumpeter. - the cycles and innovation strategy. - the technological race concept. - the subcontracting theory. In the oil branch, the most important point of the technological evolution is innovation, which influences the market structure in creating a oligopolistic structure in the industry. The two main components in oil and gas services industry which have benefited from new technologies are geophysics and drilling. Because of the innovation, both of them have been and will be completely transformed by the effect of diversification, segmentation and by the search of cost reduction
Kuczynski, Jerzy. "Relation entre les propriétés de surface des dérivés lourds des pétroles et leur tendance à la floculation." Mulhouse, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MULH0014.
Full textEteme, Marie-Josiane Mireille. "Aspects juridiques des contrats pétroliers d'exploration et d'exploitation en mer : approches comparées." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT4011.
Full textExploration and production (E & P) contracts are used to regulate the contractual relationship between a sovereign state, owner of oil resources and a private Company exploiting them. E & P contracts have the main characteristic of being in a global economy context, the result of the needs of the general interest and to set on equal terms public and private interests. Historically prédominant form of contract, the concession contract was governed by the host state's domestic law. This tradition is gradually abandoned in favor of the internationalization of petroleum contracts, with the risk of neglecting the necessary balance between the respect of the state sovereignty and the protection of investor private interests. On a comparative approach, this thesis will outline the law of E & P contracts and the different regimes that may regulate litigations arising from them
Auclair, Vincent. "Estimation des fonctions d'offre des principaux pays producteurs de pétrole." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28252/28252.pdf.
Full textAl-M, Hiwesh Mahir. "Croissance économique à base de pétrole : le cas de l'Irak." Paris 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA02T008.
Full textArnaud, Noël Voula Emvoutou. "Géopolitique du pétrole et conflictualité dans le golfe de Guinée." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30031.
Full textAccess to oil resources by importers, and the controlling its revenue by exporters raise complex issues in the oil regions and more especially in the Gulf of Guinea. In the latter region, importing oil powers have been at the center of many conflicts both within states and between them. In Congo Brazzaville, for example, Elf had been accused - in a complaint to the Tribunal de Grande Instance in Paris November 20, 1997 - by former President Pascal Lissouba of aiding Sassou Nguesso to make his coup in 1997. Other major oil companies, namely Shell, Mobil and Texaco have also been implicated in some civil wars in the sub-region such as Nigeria and Angola. In addition to these so-called internal conflicts, the Gulf of Guinea has been and remains the centre of maritime border disputes on oil where importers of black gold are noticed. Today, the Gulf of Guinea is facing a new desire for its oil. This renewed interest in the strategic Gulf of Guinea raises a heuristic thinking.The main hypothesis of this study is that the new interest for oil in the Gulf of Guinea is a real threat to the stability and hence the risk of the development efforts of the producers of black gold country this space. It portends the resurgence of a complex system of conflicts in the sub-region. Indeed, the democratic deficit, the bad economic governance, the decomposition of the territories, the folds of identities, competitive processes to access oil by consuming powers and the power struggles between them make the tropism of oil empires in the sub-region questionable. That is if the oil has been in the Gulf of Guinea a real casus belli, it is clear that oil governance could sanitize the area tainted by oil conflict and thus lead to development
Chehaita, Bilal. "Définitions d'un prix du pétrole assurant le renouvellement des réserves pétrolières mondiales." Paris 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA020119.
Full textBilodeau, Jean-François. "Analyse de processus de sauts dans le prix du pétrole brut." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/MQ47169.pdf.
Full textRodriguez, Padilla Victor. "L'impact de la fiscalité sur l'effort d'exploration-production de pétrole : le cas des pays producteurs d'Afrique de l'ouest." Grenoble 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE21004.
Full textOil taxation can be worked out in a perspective of confrontation or cooperation with foreing oil companies. However, a wellconstructed taxation system is a sine qua non condition either for incentive investissements or for carry out other projects of a stace oil policy. The accurate comparative analysis of oil taxation practiced by the oil producers countries of the wester coast of africa between 1974 since 1987 lends us to conclude that an unsatisfactory institutional framework -especially with regard to the taxation system- cannot be considered to be the main responsible factor either for the inadequacy of the efforts of exploration and production or for their inequality distribution among the countries in the region. This phenomeno is explained by a series of industrial factors out of which the ones determining the strategies of international companies have a predominant role
Di, Meglio Florent. "Production de pétrole : étude dynamique et contrôle des écoulements à bouchons." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00617949.
Full textBorralho, Neto Ana Isabel. "Utilisation de pétrole de schiste pour la production de carburants liquides." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2067.
Full textThe transformation of an oil shale sample from the Autun Basin in the Massif Central, France, was studied using microwave irradiation and conventional heating. Both methods led to similar liquid products yield, whereas the overall energy requirements were much lower using microwaves. The influence of water vapour in oil shale decomposition was studied under microwave energy. Oil shale samples were mixed with BEA zeolite to study the effect of its acidic character on oil shale transformation and resulting products characteristics. Liquid products yield decreased under these conditions, along with an increase in coke production. Gaseous and liquid products analysis showed a tendency for the production of lighter components when in the presence of zeolite. Y and BEA zeolites were treated with an alkaline solution at different reaction conditions. An increase in the total pore volume was observed, along with increased catalytic activity for the n-decane hydrocracking reaction at 30 bar. A microwave cavity was constructed for in situ IR spectroscopy studies performed while the sample is irradiated with microwaves. The results confirm the ability of microwaves to induce rapid variations in the sample and in the reaction temperature, and also, the suitability of such reactor for performing operando studies of catalytic systems
Aomari-Badri, Naïma. "Etude des propriétés rhéologiques et structurales des émulsions concentrées eau/pétrole." Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10549.
Full textGravelin, Blandine. "Les effets du pétrole sur l'organisation socio-spatiale en Amazonie équatorienne." Paris 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA030011.
Full textIn the napo province (ne of ecuador), the discovery of oil fields in the 60's has led to the construction of a highway from quito to working zone. It is located around 300m over sea level, on well drained soils. Access from the andean regions and local roads induce the arrival of migrants looking for free land. Settlement and agriculturial development meet geopolitical aims of the country's governements, but very little assistance nor understructure is given. The native groups adapt more or less to the new context. A dozen years after the first roads, oil exploitation goes on as the pionneers do. But colonization does not seem able to create an organized region with its urban network
El, Mohamed Sonia. "Comportement thermique, analyse structurale et floculation des produits lourds du pétrole." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10609.
Full textBenali, Tahar. "Optimisation énergétique des procédés : application à la distillation atmosphérique du pétrole." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0085.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to demonstrate, on thermodynamic grounds, that introducing a flash in the preheating train of an atmospheric oil distillation process , together with an appropriate feeding of the resulting vapors into the column, could potentially bring substantial energy savings by reducing the duty of the preheating furnace and by reducing the distillation column irreversibilities. This idea has been expended by showing how this can be done while keeping the throughput and the product characteristics unchanged. The outcome is that placing several flashes after the heat exchangers and feeding the corresponding vapor streams to the appropriate trays of the column, reduces the pumparound flows and then the heat brought to the preheating train. The resulting heat deficit may then be compensated in additional heat exchangers by using low level heat recuperated from the products of the distillation and/or imported from other processes. The use of this residual heat reduces the furnace duty by approximately an equivalent amount and could be as high as 21%. The approach can be applied in the design of news processes or in the revamping of existing ones
Juarez, Morejon Jose Luis. "Récupération assistée du pétrole par injection de polymères hydrosolubles : nouvelle approche." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0608/document.
Full textPolymer flooding is one of the most developed chemical enhanced oil recoverymethod that has been used successfully since decades. In this chemical EOR method, thepolymer is adding to a waterflood to decrease its mobility. The resulting increase in viscosityas well as a decrease in aqueous phase permeability improve macroscopic oil sweepefficiency. At the pore scale, viscoelasticity is known to be also a key parameter that controlsthe microscopic sweep efficiency. However this sweep efficiency depends on several factorslike the permeability, temperature, salinity, wettability, capillary number, heterogeneity, etc.Therefore several studies are still necessary to have a better understanding of the behaviourof the polymer inside porous media and to optimize the process.• What is the best moment to inject polymer?• What is the role of wettability in final recovery?• How do viscoelastic effects influence recovery?• What is the role of adsorption of the polymer in the recovery process?In our interest to optimize and to understand polymer flooding process we have analysed thedependence of the sweep efficiency with the moment of the polymer injection duringwaterflooding and wettability (Water wet and intermediate wet). The polymer solution isinjected in the core at different maturity times (0PV, Breakthrough, 1PV, 2PV, 3PV, 4PV and6PV).The main results can be summarized in three points .The results show oil recoveryfinal for water wet corefloods is lower than intermediate wet corefloods. On the other hand, theproduction of oil with the injection of polymer is higher than the injection of water due to afavorable mobility ratio. Finally, the final recovery rates are lower when the polymer injectionis late. These results suggest that the history of sweeping can lead to different distributions ofphases (oil/brine) at the end of the waterflood. The sweep efficiency is related to the ability ofthe polymer to disperse throughout the accessible portal space. We have analysed this aspectfrom the point of view of the diphasic dispersion by showing that the dispersivity of the phasesis different at each time of the water injection. The complementary diphasic dispersionexperiments showed a direct link between dispersivity and the final oil recovery
Hubin, Constance. "Stratégie industrielle de la Compagnie Française des Pétroles (1945-1975)." Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100072.
Full textBetween 1945 and 1975 the French Oil Company CFP has experienced unprecedented growth. So while the company has only a single source of crude oil in 1945, it has, in 1975, a large mining estate. Throughout this period, the CFP has also been able to build an industrial base able to refine and distribute the crude oil produced by the group, both in France and in the rest of the world. How from a participation in an oil consortium in Iraq, the CFP has managed to build a large industrial group? To better understand this tremendous development, this thesis particularly studies the industrial strategy of the company. It is divided into three periods. First, between 1945 and 1954, the CFP seeks to secure its supply of crude and to increase production to meet the urgent needs of reconstruction in France. Then, between 1954 and 1965, oil production has exceeded the group's French needs, the company focuses on developing refining and distribution facilities and begins a rapid international expansion. Finally in 1965, the CFP is facing increasing difficulties, culminating at the time of the oil shock of 1973. During these three periods the relationship between the French government and the multinational mixed economy are particularly studied as well as the links between the CFP, the producing countries and major oil consortia
Dos, Santos Edmilson Moutinho. "Approche évolutionniste de la compétitivité des activités amont de la filière pétrolière dans une perspective de long terme." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOE003.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to analyze the concept of competitiveness of companies and nations in the upstream sector of the international oil industry, trying to identify the possibilities of future development of this sector as well as the interactions that may exist between different actors such as governments, consumers and oil companies to boost or relaunch the competitive position of their enterprises and countries in the international context of the industry. In order to attain that, we analyze the developments of the most important economic attributes that characterize the oil activity as well as its most crucial political aspects. We develop a model of "oil competition" and a definition of "oil competitiveness" that take clearly into consideration both the differences between various oil actors and the dynamic aspects linked to the evolution of the oil industry. We do so by constructing an evolutionist model of competition and competitiveness. This approach emulates a "biological process" where firms and the economic environment interact with each other within a process similar to "natural selection" with the survival of the fittest. This evolutionist model adopts some analytical instruments established by Michael Porter, from the university of Harvard, to interpret the changes and the dissimilarities of behavior of various oil actors as well as to explain their respective role in the new oil world that is being organized. Thus, we introduce the notions of "dominant form of competition" and "generic strategy of enterprises". Then, we use our methodology to analyze the past of the oil industry (the stability and the instability). We conclude this work by discussing about the future evolution of the oil activities in the context of a new long term cycle of investment for the sector
Carrier, Bruno. "Modélisation des coupes lourdes des fluides pétroliers." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30009.
Full textGlénat, Philippe. "Démétallisation biologique de résidus pétroliers lourds." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10052.
Full textHamrour, Abderrahmane. "L'industrie pétrochimique et le développement des pays exportateurs de pétrole membres de l'OPAEP." Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOE008.
Full textMata, Wilson Da. "Récupération assistée des pétroles visqueux par ondes électromagnétiques." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT042H.
Full textBernet-Baptiste, Annette. "Dénitrification des eaux : utilisation d'un dérivé industriel du pétrole comme support bactérien." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10531.
Full textRouvalis, Georges. "Pétrole et capitalisme : nationalisation pétrolière et développement capitaliste au Mexique : 1938-1978." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100257.
Full textGemignani, Saxstad Pascale. "La France, le pétrole et le Proche-Orient de 1939 à 1958." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040222.
Full textSince its creation in 1924, the Companie française des pétroles (C. F. P. ) has played a fundamental role in the establishment and implementation of French oil policy based on its 23. 75% share of Iraqi oil owned by France since the San Remo agreements in 1920. When entering the oil race, the c. F. P. Came up against the English and the Americans who wanted to keep their control over the French market and were not willing to share the abounding oil fields in the near and middle east. Thus, after the signature of the armistice between Vichy and Germany in 1940, the allies sought to expel Vichy and the free French forces from the near east, and the C. F. P. From its share of Iraqi oil. The C. F. P. , supported by the French government, endeavored by all means to regain its role in the Iraq petroleum company (I. P. C. ) and in the near east between 1945 and 1948. Not only did the C. F. P. Fight to recuperate its share of confiscated war goods, but it also sought to exploit its part of Iraqi oil and to increase the capacity of the pipelines crossing Syria and the Lebanon. The C. F. P. Had to therefore satisfy the necessary reconstruction requirements and give France the means to achieve independence as regards energy. Between 1948 and 1958, under the combined effect of Arab nationalism exacerbated by the creation of the state of Israel, the expansion of the cold war to the near east, France’s open support to Israel and the Algerian war, the foundations of the C. F. P. Oil policy were thrown into question
Doubragne, Issa. "Le Logone Oriental entre pétrole et réfugiés : étude des impacts socio-économiques." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010508.
Full textAmundsen, Eirik Schroder. "Les rentes dans la théorie des ressources épuisables : le cas du pétrole." Paris 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA02T109.
Full textThe existence of resource rent, like the existence of land rent, is based on a scarcity which can not be removed by technological replication, either because this is impossible in a physical sens or because the cost of so doing is too high. But, as the concept of land rent is a static concept attached to the production of services from the nature, the concept of ressource rent is a dynamic concept attached to the value of a stock of a natural resource and to the long term intensive and extensive optimal exploitation of that stock. In the present thesis, the concept of resource rent is analysed in applying the economic theory of natural resources. This analysis is effectuated for different market forms. However, in real life, the practical measurement of the rent attached to a natural resource such as crude oil, is difficult because one cannot expect that the petroleum markets follow in detail the theoretical models considered. It is for these reasons that a general equilibrium model for the world's petroleum markets is applied in calculating the different categories of rent
Jabbour, Chamoun. "Récupération améliorée du pétrole par injection de fluides chauds : injection de vapeur." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10640.
Full textSigale, Karine. "Rhéologie des gels faibles utilisés pour le traitement des puits de pétrole." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10521.
Full textAñez, Javier. "Modélisation de l'injection de pétrole pour les procédés FCC (Fluid Catalytic Cracking)." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR132/document.
Full textThis PhD is a joint venture between VINCI Technologies and the CNRS Laboratory CORIA. For its application, VINCI Technologies, developed mainly oil-related equipments and in particular injection/atomization systems. Some of these injectors are characterized by a very big geometrical dimensions (several meters long), that leads to very high Reynolds and Weber number. In addition, many injectors incorporate an internal mixing zone, in which liquid and gas phases are both present in a significant proportion. Consequently, this zone belongs to the dense two-phase flow category. To simulate the liquid dispersion and to characterize the spray formation special from these injectors, appropriate models are required. On its side, the CORIA team, has developed a suitable approach, so-called ELSA, based on the pioneering work of Borghi and Vallet [1, 2]. Key points of this approach are the liquid dispersion that can be associated to the turbulent liquid flux and the amount of liquid-gas surface that can be used to determine eventually the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of the spray. During this PhD, the applications proposed by V INCI Technologies, have promoted a review of a large part of the multiphase flow approaches to find the more appropriate for each case. This has been the opportunity to clarify the range of application of each approach, and therefore stress the necessity to develop coupled approaches, in order to cover the proposed application in the most suitable way. In particular, this manuscript reports, in one hand, the theoretical development of the ELSA family models, and on the other hand, the corresponding industrial approximations. Since ELSA approaches are originally developed for RANS simulation of the dense zone, it has been extended to LES description. The link of this approach to the DNS¡ ICM approach, has been studied with a special care. The resulting proposed solver, switches dynamically from ICM to subgrid spray, through the ELSA concept, and thanks to resolution based indicator (IRQ). On the opposite side, once the dispersed spray is formed, the ELSA approach is coupled to multiphase flow method, that aims to determine the spray distribution through the WBE equation. This later equation, is solved with an original hybrid Euler-Lagrange method. The purpose is to solve the WBE equation with a Lagrange stochastic approach, and at the same time, preserving the compatibility to the Euler description of two-phase flow, based on ELSA, to benefit from both approaches. This coupled approach has been tested against academic experimental data coming from ECN research initiative, a combined DNS and experimental measurement of dispersed spray on a Diesel jet, and under an air-blast atomizer numerical test case, for which the mean liquid volume fraction has been measured. Eventually, these developed approaches have been applied to industrial application showing there robustness and their capacity to help in the process of design development of new injectors