Academic literature on the topic 'Petroleum chemicals industry'
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Journal articles on the topic "Petroleum chemicals industry"
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PAICE, E. S. "Petroleum Chemicals in relation to the Textile Industry." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 64, no. 7 (October 22, 2008): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1948.tb02512.x.
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Wang, Xiaomeng, and Kim Kasperski. "Quantitative determination of multiple surfactants in water using HPLC-MS/MS." Analytical Methods 10, no. 21 (2018): 2512–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ay00240a.
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Ibrahim, Hassan Al-Haj. "Pyrolysis in the Chemical Industry and Its Major Industrial Applications." Innovation in Science and Technology 2, no. 2 (March 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/ist.2023.03.01.
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Pyrolysis is an irreversible thermochemical treatment process of materials at elevated temperatures in an inert atmosphere. Pyrolysis is used heavily in the chemical industry to produce many forms of carbon and other chemicals from petroleum, coal, wood, oil shale, biomass or organic waste materials, and it is the basis of several methods for producing fuel from biomass. The end products of pyrolysis include solid residual coproducts and ash, noncondensable gases and condensable liquids. These products can be controlled by optimizing pyrolysis parameters such as temperature and residence time.
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Zageris, G. "METHANOL PRODUCTION UNITS OF MODULAR TYPE FOR INDUSTRY DECARBONIZATION." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 19, no. 3 (41) (September 22, 2022): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022no3/45-54.
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The production of carbon-containing chemicals is a way to decarbonize gas emissions. In particular, methanol (CH3OH) can be produced from associated petroleum gas, which is currently flared. It makes sense to use simple methods of hydrocarbon gas conversion into synthesis gas, such as partial oxidation of methane to create small modular plants for direct operation in oil and gas fields. The numerical modelling of partial oxidation is considered, taking into account the kinetics of chemical processes and the design of the equipment. In this workthe several models have been built to describe partial oxidation of natural gas with air -the equilibrium and complete 3D models which take into account the phenomena of mass and energy transfer, as well as chemical transformation. The main conclusion of the model comparison is that the full numerical model predicts incomplete oxidation quite well, while the simpler equilibrium model does not. In the future, the results of the numerical modelling of oxygen methane conversion will be investigated and presented.
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ÖZGÜNER, Abdullah Mete. "Orta Anadolu-Orta Karadeniz Petrokimya Kümelenmesinin Önemi." Uluslararası Muhendislik Arastirma ve Gelistirme Dergisi 14, no. 2 (July 31, 2022): 368–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29137/umagd.874529.
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Chemical industry products, make great scale contributions to the other industrial productions and chemical industrial cluster can only be completed by seaport based petroleum refinery. Increasing demand and imports of Turkey for the petrochemical products will mostly be met when the planned blue stream oil pipeline is connected to the proposed Samsun seaport oil refinery and its coordination with the regional industry and mineral deposites. Great salt mineral reserves like tenardite-glauberite in Ankara Polatlı, trona in Ankara Beypazarı and Kazan and rock salt in Kırıkkale, Çankırı, Çorum which have been discovered within the last few years, have increased twice the reserves and varieties of Central Anatolian salt deposits and will assure the second important raw material of petrochemical industry after nafta. The real loss in petrochemical foreign trade of Turkey, is big imports of primary and secondary chemicals produced from salt raw materials. The salt solutions from the natural gas storing caverns opened within the thick rock salt beds by solution mining process can be transported to future chloralkaline facilities in the region and to the Kırıkkale and proposed Samsun petroleum refineries by pipeline siphoning with minimum cost and the surplus can be swinged into the sea so that the environmental pollution is prevented. It is possible to see the existences of Kırıkkale petroleum refinery, defence industry, iron-steel-coke industry, Samsun sulphuric acid and fertiliser factory, gas-oil pipelines, various salt mineral resources, sea-ports, and transportation lines and other infrastructures suitable for the chemical industrial clustering within Central Anatolia and Central Blacksea Regions.
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Minteer, Shelley D. "(Invited) Bioelectrochemical Strategies for C-H Activation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 44 (August 28, 2023): 2420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01442420mtgabs.
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Petroleum hydrocarbons are currently our major energy source and an important feedstock for the chemical industry. Beyond combustion, conversion of chemically inert hydrocarbons to more valuable chemicals is of considerable interest. However, two challenges hinder this conversion. One is the regioselective activation of inert carbon–hydrogen (C–H) bonds. The other is designing a pathway to realize this complicated conversion. This paper will discuss the use of alkane monoxygenases in bioelectrochemical systems for C-H activation, as well as enzyme cascades and hybrid catalytic cascades for the conversion of inert alkanes to complex organic molecules like imines with selectivity far beyond traditional homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.
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Modi, Prabha, and Ashish Nagar. "A THEORETICAL APPROACH OF DISTINCTIVE ADDITIVES TO OVERCOME THE CHALLENGES IN THE FIELD OF PETROLEUM INDUSTRY." RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry 17, no. 03 (2024): 1154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2024.1738876.
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The petroleum industry faces various challenges such as improving fuel properties, preventing wax deposition, and enhancing operational efficiency. To overcome these challenges, the use of distinctive additives is necessary. Distinctive additives play a crucial role in optimizing diesel fuel properties, including increasing cetane numbers and improving ignition. They can also modify the rheological properties of base oils such as diesel, mineral oil, and poly alpha olefins to address issues like Asphaltene and paraffin wax deposition, scale formation, and corrosion. These additives are essential for drilling fluids, cementing, completion, stimulation, and production of chemicals in the oil and gas industry. In the efficient recovery of oil and gas from the well to the refinery, the use of chemical additives is critical. By incorporating distinctive additives that are tailored to specific challenges faced in the petroleum field, operators can enhance production processes, ensure flow assurance, and meet regulatory requirements. The use of these additives offers solutions to many issues, including wax deposition, corrosion control, scale formation prevention, and enhancement of drilling fluid properties. As the demand for hydrocarbons continues to rise globally, the strategic use of distinctive additives becomes increasingly vital for efficient and enhanced oil and gas recovery in the petroleum industry.
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Al-Robai, Hazim Aziz, Dheyaa J. Jasim, Safiyya A. Jassam, Hayder M. Jasim, Hawzhen Fateh M. Ameen, and Ameer H. Al-Rubaye. "Petroleum’s Influence on the Aquatic Environment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 022025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1262/2/022025.
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Abstract Aquifer, rivers, or lakes are frequently employed as the local sources of water that the petroleum industry uses to drill and hydraulically fracture wells, refine and process petroleum, and create electricity in certain natural gas-based power plants. Oil residues, chemicals from hydraulic fracturing and drilling fluids, and naturally occurring pollutants from the rocks themselves may all be present in the water that is generated along with petroleum. It is also frequently naturally salty. The environmental effects of petroleum activities may change a range of ecological characteristics, such as biodiversity, biomass, and productivity, which may then affect specific species, populations, assemblages, or ecosystems. There are two basic types of long-term and short-term impacts of petroleum contamination in water. The difficulties produced by point pollution in aquatic ecosystems have come to light due to the impact of petroleum compounds on living organisms in aquatic environments.
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Hamid, Sharifah Bee Abd, Md Al Amin, and Md Eaqub Ali. "Zeolite Supported Ionic Liquid Catalyst for the Synthesis of Nano-Cellulose from Palm Tree Biomass." Advanced Materials Research 925 (April 2014): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.925.52.
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Nanocellulose promises to be a very versatile material having wide range of biomedical and biotechnological applications including tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound dressings, medical implants, food, cosmetics, paper and textiles. The current methods for the synthesis of nanocellulose involve harsh chemical treatments which are perpetually hazardous to human and environment. Catalytic synthesis of nanocellulose might be a green approach. Among the various types of catalyst, ionic liquids, which are composed of both cations and anions and have low or negligible vapor pressure, are particularly promising. Ionic liquids also exhibit a relatively wide electrochemically stable window, good electrical conductivity, high ionic mobility, a broad range of room temperature liquid compositions, selective dissolvability to many organic and inorganic materials, and excellent chemical and thermal stabilities. In contrast, zeolite catalysts have been used in petroleum refineries for the removal of sulfur. Zeolite catalysts are also important for the synthesis of bulk chemicals, fine and specialty chemicals, fuels and chemicals. Acidic and metal modified micro porous zeolite catalysts have been used in several commercial processes in petroleum industry, fuel components, abatement of exhaust gas emissions and biomass upgrading, pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. Currently, zeolite catalysts are synthesized in powder form and to make them industrially useful, such catalysts have to be mixed with a binder and formulated in different shapes. This paper reviewed the introduction, preparation, synthesis and application of nanocellulose from lignocellulosic palm biomass.
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Liu, Yuan, and Ping Zhang. "Review of Phosphorus-Based Polymers for Mineral Scale and Corrosion Control in Oilfield." Polymers 14, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 2673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14132673.
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Production chemistry is an important field in the petroleum industry to study the physicochemical changes in the production system and associated impact on production fluid flow from reservoir to topsides facilities. Mineral scale deposition and metal corrosion are among the top three water-related production chemistry threats in the petroleum industry, particularly for offshore deepwater and shale operations. Mineral scale deposition is mainly driven by local supersaturation due to operational condition change and/or mixing of incompatible waters. Corrosion, in contrast, is an electrochemical oxidation–reduction process with local cathodic and anodic reactions taking place on metal surfaces. Both mineral scaling and metal corrosion can lead to severe operational risk and financial loss. The most common engineering solution for oilfield scale and corrosion control is to deploy chemical inhibitors, including scale inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors. In the past few decades, various chemical inhibitors have been prepared and applied for scaling and corrosion control. Phosphorus-based polymers are an important class of chemical inhibitors commonly adopted in oilfield operations. Due to the versatile molecular structures of these chemicals, phosphorus-based polymeric inhibitors have the advantage of a higher calcium tolerance, a higher thermal stability, and a wider pH tolerance range compared with other types of inhibitors. However, there are limited review articles to cover these polymeric chemicals for oilfield scale and corrosion control. To address this gap, this review article systematically reviews the synthesis, laboratory testing, and field applications of various phosphorus-based polymeric inhibitors in the oil and gas industry. Future research directions in terms of optimizing inhibitor design are also discussed. The objective is to keep the readers abreast of the latest development in the synthesis and application of these materials and to bridge chemistry knowledge with oilfield scale and corrosion control practice.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Petroleum chemicals industry"
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Parra, Francisco Diaz. "Benefits of unit rate contracting in the petrochemical industry." Online version, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008parrad.pdf.
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Giantsos, John. "The effects of trade policy on the development of the South African petrochemical industry." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002749.
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The objective of the research was to determine the role which South African trade policy played in shaping the development of the domestic petrochemical industry. The focus of the study falls on the domestic development of the petrochemical industry in general, and the polymer industry in particular. Three broad stages are distinguished in the domestic development of the petrochemical industry. Prior to the early 1970's development occurred primarily on an ad hoc basis, with the establishment of domestic production plants for most major petrochemicals. The development of the domestic petrochemical industry over the period from the early 1970's to the early 1980's was characterised by rapid growth in the domestic production of petrochemicals, while the period from the early 1980's to the early 1990's saw a significant slowdown in the annual growth rate for the domestic production of petrochemicals. The role of trade policy in the industry's development over each of these three periods could not be established conclusively. In each period a number of factors were identified which may have impacted on the industry's development. However, two factors do appear to have played particularly important roles in the industry's development prior to the early 1980's, namely strong growth in domestic petrochemical demand and the provision of a substantial degree of protection through quantitative import controls and tariffs. with regard to the industry's development over the period from the early 1980's to the early 1990's, a number of factors were identified which may have influenced trends in domestic petrochemical production, including the withdrawal of quantitative import controls and the progressive lowering of import tariffs, the depreciation of the rand in the mid-1980's, a slowdown in the growth of the domestic demand for petrochemicals, the fall in the international prices of petrochemicals in the early 1980's, and the fall in the international oil price in the mid-1980's. In view of the small size of the domestic petrochemical market it is recommended that local petrochemical producers should continue to expand their focus beyond that of producing solely for the requirements of the domestic market. In light of the key role played by the petrochemical industry in a modern economy, it is also recommended that the industry in South Africa receive more attention from policy makers than it has in the past.
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Louw, Johannes Jacobus. "Advanced supply chain planning processes and decision support sytems for large-scale petrochemical companies /." Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1117.
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Li, Wenkai. "Modeling oil refinery for production planning, scheduling and economic analysis /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CENG%202004%20LI.
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Enayat, Seyed Ebrahim. "Japan, Iran and the oil business : a case study of the Iran Japan petrochemical company." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2167.
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The issue of Japan's heavy dependence on Middle Eastern oil has attracted a lot of attention in the political and academic circles for the reason that Japan is the second biggest consumer and the largest importer of oil in the world. Consequently, any action by Japan would not only have a major impact on petroleum markets, but also on international relations, security and on the Middle East itself. In the late 1960s Japan began negotiations with Iran, her biggest oil supplier at that time, about the establishment of a petrochemical joint venture. These negotiations led to the creation of the Iran Japan Petrochemical Company (UPC) in 1973. This study examines the different reasons why the main partners, Mitsui Bussan of Japan and the National Petrochemical Company of Iran as well as their respective governments, were so interested in the idea of a joint venture. It traces the troubled history of UPC from the preliminary negotiations in 1968, through two decades which saw the Iranian Revolution and the setting up of an Islamic state, the Iran-Iraq War, and two oil crises, until its dissolution in 1990. The research reveals conflicts of interest between Japanese and Iranian motivations behind the venture, between the goals of the privately owned Mitsui Bussan and the state-run National Petrochemical Company as well as their contrasting organisational and managerial styles, which led to the failure of UPC and its eventual dissolution. Using the case of IJPC as an example, the study argues that the setting up of a joint venture of this nature was an inappropriate response to the main purposes of each nation, i.e. the Japanese desire for a stable oil supply and the Iranian desire for rapid industrialisation and transfer of technology. Finally, it suggest alternative policies through which each country could achieve its respective ambitions.
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Gatrell, Jay D. "Localized innovation a geography of the petro-chemical industry in the Kanawha Valley of West Virginia /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=752.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 235 p. : ill., maps Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 222-235).
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Abussaud, Basim Ahmed. "Wet air oxidation of benzene." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103362.
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Processing of petrochemical compounds produces a large amount of wastewater. This wastewater consists of toxic (hazardous) materials that can not be discharged to the environment without treatment. As restrictive environmental constraints increase, new technologies are needed to treat those toxic materials before discharging them to the environment. Wet Air Oxidation (WAO) is one of these new methods.This study casts light on the effect of initial pH on the WAO of benzene at different temperatures and pressures. It was found that at pH 6, a temperature of 260°C and a partial pressure of oxygen of 1.38 MPa around 97% degradation was achieved in one hour. When the initial pH was lowered to 4 more than 90% degradation was achieved at 220°C and PO2 of 1.38 MPa in only 15 minutes.` It was concluded that the higher the temperature the better the benzene degradation, and the faster benzene degradation has been obtained with the increasing partial pressure of oxygen. The main intermediates were acetic acid and formic acid.
Furthermore, it was found that the degradation of benzene can be further enhanced in the presence of phenol. The main reason can be attributed to the effect of the free radicals generated from the fast phenol degradation. A simplified pathway for oxidation of benzene was proposed.
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Jahansoozi, Julia. "When interests collide : the story of an industry-community relationship." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/337.
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This thesis makes a new contribution to the field of public relations in the area of organization-public relationships (OPRs). The thesis focuses on a petroleum industry-community relationship in Sundre, Alberta, Canada, which was explored in-depth. A qualitative phenomenological orientation was adopted as it suited the focus of the research which was to explore and describe the lived experiences of the actual participants involved in the Organization-Public Relationship phenomenon as well as how they described the relational elements and related them to their experience of the OPR. In-depth interviews, as the primary method, were conducted with both industry and community members. Secondary methods played an important but minor role and were used primarily for the purpose of the researcher as a tool to double check the interview findings and included participant observation, discourse analysis, and a small co-orientation survey. The empirical research undertaken uncovered the importance of the background context of the OPR when engaging in relationship building and maintenance activities, opinions regarding the relational elements, relationship building processes, including the importance of having communication and trust building workshops. An interesting finding for this particular industry-community relationship emerged concerning the influence of ‘management guru’ Stephen Covey’s work which shaped the way the industry and community members engaged with each other. Trust emerged as the fundamental relational element, whilst transparency was critical for rebuilding trust after a crisis. This thesis has added to the body of theoretical knowledge in the field of public relations. Specifically it extended the understanding of an area of practice, community relations, and it has explored options for the management of activism and community engagement. The thesis also contributes to public relations practice. Public relations practitioners working within the oil and gas industry as well as other non-renewable resource extraction industries are responsible for developing and maintaining relationships with key publics, including the communities they operate within. Practitioners need to be able to work with the relational parties and collaborate in the development of processes that meet the needs of the participants. As practitioners shift their focus to developing relationships with key publics they will need to develop new skills in areas such as conflict resolution, community engagement, and interpersonal relationship building. This piece of research is functional as it reflects on the OPR and highlights findings that are useful for gaining insight into the relational dynamics for academics and practitioners as well as questioning the power distribution and dynamics within this particular OPR. By adopting the phenomenological approach it has provided a representation of an OPR, which whilst it cannot be generalized it does provide a richer understanding of how relationship building processes can operate as well as the importance of trust and transparency building when there has been a relational history of hostility, distrust and deep unhappiness. Further qualitative research should explore the development and maintenance of the other OPRs in order to understand more about the various contexts, processes, content and ability to set agendas within relationships. It would also be interesting to further explore the influence of management gurus and management fashions adopted or promoted by senior management involved in OPRs and illuminate how these approaches are implemented and impact an organization’s external relationships.
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Niemand, Marinus. "Assessing the suitability of holonic control to the commodity petrochemical industry." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05042005-121757/.
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Victor, Tarilate. "An analysis of the corporate social responsibility practices of indigenous oil companies operating in the Niger Delta." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=235933.
Full textBooks on the topic "Petroleum chemicals industry"
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Associated Chambers of Commerce & Industry of India. Indian petrochemical industry: An overview. New Delhi: The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India, 2015.
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Forman, J. Charles. Petrochemical (petroleum and chemical) catalysts. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 2001.
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Lesley, Cookson, and Ogden P. H, eds. Chemicals in the oil industry: Recent developments. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1998.
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Company, China Phone Book, ed. China's chemicals & petrochemicals directory =: [Chung-kuo hua kung shih yu]. Hong Kong: China Phone Book Co., 1985.
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ICRA Information, Grading, and Research Service., ed. The Indian petrochemical industry. Gurgaon: ICRA Information, Grading, and Research Service, 2006.
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Longley, Roger. Petrochemicals: An industry and its future. London: Economist Intelligence Unit, 1991.
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Service, DRI's Chemical, ed. Special study: The impact of declining oil prices on the U.S. chemical industry. Lexington, Mass., USA (24 Hartwell Ave., Lexington 02173): Data Resources, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Petroleum chemicals industry"
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Filho, Salvador Ávila, and Lucas Menezes Pereira. "Reliability in Sociotechnical Systems for the Risky Industry: Cases from Chemical Process Industries." In Proceedings of the 2021 International Petroleum and Petrochemical Technology Conference, 703–15. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9427-1_65.
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Palit, Sukanchan. "Computational Fluid Dynamics Techniques and its Applications in Chemical Engineering, Petroleum Engineering, and the Vast Domain of Composite Science." In Composite Materials for Industry, Electronics, and the Environment, 259–85. Includes bibliographical references and index.: Apple Academic Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429457937-12.
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"petroleum chemicals industry." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 984. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_161076.
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Zoveidavianpoor, Mansoor. "Introductory Chapter: Oil Field Chemicals - Ingredients in Petroleum Industry." In Petroleum Chemicals - Recent Insight. IntechOpen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85957.
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Martínez Palou, Rafael, and Natalya V. Likhanova. "Applications of ILs as Catalysts in the Reaction to Obtain Alkylate Gasoline." In Applications of Ionic Liquids in the Oil Industry: Towards A Sustainable Industry, 160–77. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815079579123010011.
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The application of chemical products, particularly polymeric products, is undoubtedly one of the most helpful and effective alternatives for EOR processes and changes in oil mobility. Appropriate chemical products provide more favorable interfacial conditions to the flow of petroleum, reducing the interfacial tensions between water and oil, and therefore, increasing the miscibility of these two compounds, and allowing the oil to flow in the porous medium. In this context, ionic compounds and particularly ILs are proving to be important auxiliaries in the performance of chemicals used for this application, particularly in extreme conditions of temperature and salinity.
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Martínez Palou, Rafael, and Natalya V. Likhanova. "ILs Applied to Enhance Oil Recovery Processes." In Applications of Ionic Liquids in the Oil Industry: Towards A Sustainable Industry, 140–59. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815079579123010010.
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The application of chemical products, particularly polymeric products, is undoubtedly one of the most helpful and effective alternatives for EOR processes and changes in oil mobility. Appropriate chemical products provide more favorable interfacial conditions to the flow of petroleum, reducing the interfacial tensions between water and oil, and therefore, increasing the miscibility of these two compounds, and allowing the oil to flow in the porous medium. In this context, ionic compounds and particularly ILs are proving to be important auxiliaries in the performance of chemicals used for this application, particularly in extreme conditions of temperature and salinity.
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Preet Kaur, Simran, Tanya Srivastava, Anushka Sharma, Sanjay Gupta, Nidhi S. Chandra, and Vandana Gupta. "Industrial Applications of Soil Microbes: Production of Enzymes, Organic Acids and Biopigments." In Industrial Applications of Soil Microbes, 56–84. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815050264123020007.
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Commodity chemicals are the intermediates that are generally involved in the synthesis of other high-end products. The increasing demand for various industrial products has upscaled the requirement for commodity chemicals. Originally, the industrial sector was dependent upon conventional and toxic chemicals to sustain its processes. However, the advent of biotechnology led to the development of numerous microbial processes producing enzymes, extremozymes, organic acids, organic solvents, etc., Moreover, the soil environment has diverse forms of microbial communities performing assorted functions. As a result, a thorough understanding of the soil microbiota involved in providing regulatory ecosystem services can aid in the development of exceptional microbial strains capable of meeting the high demand for these commodity chemicals. In addition, the exploitation of these excellent manipulative microbial systems can improve and customize the synthesis of commodity chemicals and thereby reduce the reliance on synthetic and petroleum based products. This chapter will inform the readers about the applications of soil microbes in industry and their involvement in enzymes, extremozymes, organic acids, and biopigments production.
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Al-Kinany, Mohammed C., Saeed M. Alshihri, Saud A. Aldrees, Eyad A. Alghilan, Sami D. Aldrees, Khawla M. Almalahi, Norah H. Almousa, Faisal M. Alotaibi, Yousef I. Al-Rashed, and Feras A. A. Alshehri. "Catalysis in Alkylation of Benzene With Ethene and Propene to Produce Ethylbenzene and Isopropylbenzene." In Advanced Catalysis Processes in Petrochemicals and Petroleum Refining, 1–47. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8033-1.ch001.
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The alkylation of benzene with ethylene or propylene to form ethylbenzene (EB) or cumene is an industrially significant transformation. EB is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of styrene, which in turn is an important in the manufacture of many kinds of polymers. The primary use of cumene is in the co-production of phenol and acetone, which in turn are important in the manufacture of many kinds of chemicals and polymers. In industry, EB and cumene are mainly manufactured by the alkylation of benzene with ethene or propene via two methods, the gas and the liquid phase in the presence of Lewis and Brønsted acids. The development of efficient solid catalysts has gained much attention over the last decades. The objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of the history of the alkylation of benzene with ethene and propene, the development of homogeneous and heterogeneous Lewis and Brønsted acids and zeiolite catalysts, the liquid and gas phase alkylation processes, and the industrial technologies for EB and cumene production.
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Wilshire, Howard G., Richard W. Hazlett, and Jane E. Nielson. "Harvesting the Future." In The American West at Risk. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195142051.003.0007.
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For most of two centuries, the United States was a nation of small farms and many farmers, raising much of their own food along with one or more cash crops and livestock for local markets. Today, farms run by families of weatherbeaten farmers, pie-baking farm wives, and earnest 4-H offspring are disappearing. Americans live on supermarket or take-out food, mostly produced on extensive, highly mechanized and chemical-dependent industrial-scale “conventional” farms, raising single-crop monocultures or single-breed livestock. The larger farms cover tens of thousands of acres, too much for single families to manage. It is not agriculture, but agribusiness— an industry run by corporations. Conventional industrial agriculture is highly productive, and supermarket food is cheap. So why should anyone worry about growing food with chemical fertilizers, expensive equipment, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals? The reasons, acknowledged even by the industry, are that agribusiness “saddles the farmer with debt, threatens his health, erodes his soil and destroys its fertility, pollutes the ground water and compromises the safety of the food we eat.” Croplands presently encompass some 57 million acres in the 11 western states (table 2.1). Giant plantations consume huge amounts of natural resources—soil, fertilizers, fuels, and water. Synthetic fertilizers keep overused soils in production, until they become too salty (salinated) and must be abandoned. Industrial farming has taken over large areas of wildlife habitat, including forest, scrub, desert, or prairie, to replace degraded croplands. The clearings and massive pesticide applications threaten or endanger large and increasing numbers of plant and animal species in the western United States. Pesticide exposures sicken family farmers and agribusiness workers in the fields, and add environmental poisons to our diet. Pesticides and other problematic agricultural chemicals accumulate in our bodies. Agribusiness consumes especially huge amounts of increasingly costly, nonrenewable petroleum. “Every single calorie we eat is backed by at least a calorie of oil, more like ten” to run fleets of immense plowing, planting, cultivating, harvesting, and processing machines, plus countless irrigation pumps. Growing a pound of American beef consumes half a gallon of petroleum. A top executive of the giant agriculture-chemical corporation Monsanto has admitted that “current agricultural technology is not sustainable.” High-tech agriculture, such as cloning and genetically modifying crops, does not help conventional agriculture become more sustainable.
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Wei, James. "Product Marketing." In Product Engineering. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195159172.003.0015.
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A marketer should follow the maxim of the 4th century BC strategist Sun-zi, who said “Know self, know opponents, hundred battles, hundred victories.” We are the chemical processing industries (CPI), which is a collection of firms that manufacture and sell a range of products that involve chemistry and employ many chemical engineers. The buyers are consumers, businesses, governments, and foreigners. When we consider selling a product to a buyer, we pay particular attention to profitable and growing markets where our product has a relative advantage over competition. It takes a bold pioneer to introduce a new product that requires the creation of a new market. Let us study the sellers of chemical products, which are collectively called the CPI. These manufacturers are skilled in the use of chemical reactions and separations to make their products, and they employ many chemical engineers and chemists, often in highly responsible positions. Many of the firms in the CPI are also our suppliers of raw materials and intermediates, our customers for our products, and our competition in making and selling their products. The Statistical Abstract of the United States is published annually by the U.S. Census Bureau, which groups all the economic activities in the United States into 11 divisions by the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC). The manufacturing division is divided into 20 sections designated by two-digit numbers. The manufacturers that involve chemistry intensively are listed in table 9.1, by two 2-digit numbers, such as: 20 Food, 28 Chemicals, and 29 Petroleum Refining. The table lists the number of establishments, the number of employees and value of shipment in 1996. The SIC 28, “Chemical and Allied Products,” is the basic supplying industry to the other sectors. Table 9.1 also gives the subdivision of SIC 28 into three-digit subsectors, such as: 281 Industrial Inorganics, 283 Drugs, and 286 Industrial Organics. The subsectors of 281 and 286 form the core of the Chemical and Allied Products, as they provide raw material and intermediates for the rest of the subsectors, such as 282 Plastics and 287 Agricultural chemicals.
Conference papers on the topic "Petroleum chemicals industry"
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Dhulipala, Prasad, Melanie Wyatt, and Charles Armstrong. "Environmentally Preferable Smart Chemicals for the Oil and Gas Industry." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-20203-ms.
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Ouled Ameur, Zied, Abdulla AlThawadi, and Borislav Grbic. "Selection, Implementation and Monitoring of Corrosion Inhibitors for Downhole Chemical Treatment on Rod/Beam Pump Wells Bahrain Fields." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22329-ms.
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Abstract Corrosion is a naturally occurring phenomenon commonly defined as the destructive attack of a metal that results from a chemical or electrochemical reaction with its environment. The effect of corrosion in the oil and gas industry leads to economic loss, a loss of containment and associated impact on HSE and asset integrity. There are many technologies to bring the oil to the surface. Rod or Beam pumps are the most common form of artificial lift for oil wells in onshore oilfields. They are simple machines that have a long and well documented history in the industry and are economically inexpensive. Corrosion inhibitors are commonly used to mitigate electrochemical corrosion in the oilfield. When added in small quantities to an aggressive medium, these chemicals inhibit corrosion by changing the surface conditions of the metal surface. In downhole systems, the prevailing conditions may be very severe, resulting in high corrosion rates. Corrosion inhibitors can be applied downhole, however, the selection and application of a corrosion inhibitor for downhole is typically more challenging than for a surface application. The paper gives a brief view on the selection of the suitable corrosion inhibitor that meets the well condition. It will explain how to select the best application methods for downhole corrosion on Rod Wells. The paper also demonstrates how the downhole treatment for rod wells is carried out giving in depth details of the method that has been used. It will present the results of a downhole treatment case and make recommendations for a performance monitoring program to optimize a treatment program ensuring its success. Finally, the paper concludes with a case history of downhole corrosion inhibitor application from an onshore field in the Middle East with 550 producing wells, where downhole corrosion inhibitor was successfully applied to 165 wells, leading to a major reduction in tubing corrosion failures
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Murtaza, Shoaib, and Mohammed H. Madan. "Innovative Water Conformance Solution Led to Enhanced Well Performance." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-23556-ea.
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Abstract Over the years, the oil and gas industry has mastered and perfected a range of techniques to shut-off undesirable water production or to minimize it. Mechanical and chemical water-shut-off techniques produced the desired results and are still in use. Chemical water-shutoff has evolved over time with many novel chemicals/products entering market. Advanced water conformance solutions have recently come into existence in the form of sophisticated downhole completions like inflow control devices (ICDs) – both passive and active, water adaptive/responsive ICD screens, surface controlled smart completions, and so on. All these completions have their own limitations and challenges. The paper explains a novel water conformance process for wells equipped with shiftable ICDs with open hole packers for compartmentalizing the reservoir section based on open hole log interpretation and formation characteristics. To maximize the chance of job success, careful evaluation of completion and production is a must before deploying a coiled tubing (CT) conveyed shifting tool to shift open/close various ICDs. To accurately perform and record ICD shifting events, a stroker is deployed as part of the bottom hole assembly (BHA). Before deciding on the final ICDs to be shifted, a suite of production logging tools (PLTs) and noise logging are run. Based on the outcome of the logging job, the final dispositions of ICDs are decided. Stroker's current signature confirms the ICD shifting process at surface. Noise logging is used to confirm the integrity of open hole packers. The method resulted in sustaining well performance and concomitant decrease in water production. This paper describes detailed job planning, field data interpretation process, decision making and some key insights for enhancing the whole work process.
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Patel, Zarana, Jinal Patel, and Ashish Nagar. "Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of a Novel Nano Hybrid Chemical Additive on Indian Crude oil." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-24612-ms.
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Abstract Paraffin deposition is a major flow assurance issue causing pressure anomalies, artificial obstruction or halt output and in worst case can lead to shut down of the pipeline. Recently, research interest in Nano hybrid Chemical additive which offer a creative and efficient method for preventing paraffin deposition has grown as Nano hybrid materials can considerably reduce paraffin deposition and improve flowability of crude oil. Current studies deal with the synthesis and evaluation of Nanohybrid Chemical additive (NH-CA) to mitigate crude oil flow assurance problems. Nano silica (SiO2) was modified with 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane (KH570) to obtain modified Nano silica which was further used for polymerization with Styrene, Stearyl methacrylate and Icosyl acrylate for synthesis of novel Nanohybrid Chemical additive (NH-CA). The structure of NH-CA was assessed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H NMR, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The NH-CA was evaluated for Microscopic and Rheological Studies of Crude oil by Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM) and Rheometer respectively. Cold finger test was performed to check Wax deposition potential of Crude oil and Paraffin Inhibition Efficiency of Chemical additive. The results showed that NH-CA demonstrated superior performance in enhancing the flowability of waxy crude oil compared to conventional pour point depressant (PPD). The pour point of crude oil could be lowered by as much as 15°C at 500 ppm by using NH-CA compared to conventional PPD which depresses the pour point up to 6°C only at higher concentration (1000 ppm). At 30°C, the viscosity of the waxy crude oil reduced up to 90% after doping crude oil with 500 ppm of NH-CA. Cold finger test results revealed that NH-CA can reduce the paraffin deposition up to 65%. The results of polarized microscopy showed that with the introduction of NH-CA in the crude oil, the formation of the wax crystals can be greatly reduced. The results provide directions for building the next generation of Chemical additives for flow assurance of waxy crude oil and understanding the flow behaviour by using nano hybrid materials. NH-CA is a new generation of chemicals providing better results in the laboratory and can be implemented successfully in the field for transportation of crude oil. Additionally, Nano particles can enhance the efficiency of chemical additives significantly due to which NH-CA has a promising role to play in the Petroleum industry for smooth pipeline transportation of waxy crude.
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Johnston, C. J., M. M. Jordan, K. Vikshaland, and M. Johnston. "Synergistic Scale Inhibitor Blends for Severe Carbonate Scaling Systems." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-24584-ea.
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Abstract Control of inorganic sulphate and carbonate scales with polymer and phosphonate based scale inhibitors is well established within the oilfield chemical industry. The potential for synergistic interactions with blends of these chemical types to give reduced treatment rates, lower chemical discharge volumes and potentially lower treatment cost specifically for carbonate scale control and better energy efficiency, is less well understood. This paper presents the selection and field trial application of such a synergistic blend designed to control severe scaling within produced fluid heaters on a North Sea platform, however this blend has the potential to be applied in other environments such as CO2 WAG production systems, heaters and heat exchangers, for example. Inhibitor performance tests were carried out to evaluate inhibition of a range of single component inhibitors before blends of these chemicals were evaluated to try to reduce the inhibitor concentration required to control both calcium carbonate (saturation ratio, SR 550, mass 1100mg/l) and barium sulphate (SR 55, mass 450mg/l) scale formation. For this challenging carbonate scale environment at high temperature (105°C), it was observed that a blend of a polymer (carboxylic acid functionalized polymer) and the currently applied phosphonate was more effective than either of the components by themselves, suggesting synergistic interaction. Results from the initial field trial of the synergistic blend are presented with monitoring methods outlined to confirm that the formulation is as effective as the laboratory evaluated tests suggested. The initial trial started at the incumbent product injection rate for 1 week with differential pressure across the topside heaters, fluid flow rate and fluid heating performance being trended to confirm scale control prior to a 20% reduction in treatment rate being applied for 1 week with a further reduction of 40% of the incumbent being applied for another 7 days prior to the full dose rate of the incumbent chemical being reinstated to allow full review of the trial results. The methods outlined in this study demonstrate the potential to reduce chemical treatment rate, cost and environmental impact by evaluating the synergistic interaction of the current range of commercially available scale inhibitors and therefore eliminating the high registration costs and time associated with bringing a new molecule to market. This study also offers the potential for synergistic blends to be utilized to inhibit severe carbonate scales in challenging environments including extreme calcite scaling environments such as CO2 WAG production, high temperature topside heaters, alkaline surfactant polymer flooding and heat exchangers.
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Soltani, Amir, Benoit Decroux, Andres Negre, Thierry Le Maux, Maâmar Djarir, Farouk Selmi, and Martin Lantoine. "Evaluating the Impact of Reservoir Cooling on the Surfactant Flood Efficiency." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21351-ms.
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Abstract EOR surfactants are usually formulated at the initial reservoir temperature. Is this a correct approach? Field data from three Single-Well Chemical Tracer pilots in North Africa are used to answer this question. The objectives are, first, to provide a realistic image of the temperature variations inside the water-flooded reservoir; second, to demonstrate the impact of such temperature variations on the surfactant performances; and last, to introduce a new methodology for estimating the target temperature window for surfactant formulations. During pre-SWCTT pilot tests, water injection, shut-in and back-production were performed. The bottom-hole temperature was monitored to evaluate the reservoir temperature changes (initially at 120°C) and to calibrate a thermal model. The thermal parameters were applied to the reservoir model to simulate 30 years of water injection (with its surface temperature varying between 20°C and 60°C) and to obtain a full picture of the temperature variations inside the reservoir. Multi-well surfactant injection was modelled assuming that the surfactant is only efficient within ±10°C around the design temperature. The impact of this assumption on the additional oil recovery was analyzed for several scenarios. The rock thermal transmissivity was found to be the key parameter for properly reproducing the observed data gathered in the North African pre-SWCTT tests. The measured temperature during the back-production phase demonstrated the accuracy of the thermal model parametrization. It proved that the heat exchange between the reservoir and the injected fluid is considerably less than what industry expects: the injected water temperature inside the reservoir remains far below the initial reservoir temperature even after 11 days of shut-in. When simulating various historical bottom-hole injection temperatures and pre-flush durations, the thermal model showed an average cooling radius of 275m, larger than the industry recommended well-spacing for the EOR 5-spot patterns. This was mainly due to the significant temperature difference between the historical injected water and the initial reservoir temperature. Several simulations were performed for 3 representative bottom-hole injection temperatures of 20°C, 40°C and 60°C, varying the surfactant design temperature range between the injection temperature and the initial reservoir temperature. The results showed that regardless of the injection temperature, the simulated additional oil recovery is highest when the design temperature range is close to the injection bottom-hole temperature. This is an important subject since in the EOR industry, the surfactants are usually formulated at the initial reservoir temperature and thus, the impact of the reservoir cooling on the surfactant efficiency is seldom considered. In a water flooded reservoir, the injected chemicals are unlikely to encounter the initial reservoir temperature. This results in a dramatic loss of surfactant performance especially when there is a considerable difference between the initial reservoir and the injected fluid temperatures.
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Al-Hameedi, Abo Taleb Tuama, Husam Hasan Alkinani, and Shari Dunn-Norman. "Green Fluid Technology: How Food Wastes Can Revolutionize the Oil and Gas Industry." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205681-ms.
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Abstract Some conventional drilling fluid additives utilized to adjust drilling fluid properties can lead to many issues related to personnel safety and the environment. Thus, there is a need for alternative materials that have less impact on personnel safety and the environment. Many researchers have begun to investigate new alternatives, one example is food wastes. Due to their eco-friendly properties and their vast availability, food wastes are a good candidate that can be exploited as drilling fluid additives. In this work, five different concentrations of eggshells powder (ESP) were added to a reference fluid and the mud weight was measured using mud balance to understand the effects of ESP on mud weight. The results were compared with five concentrations of two commonly used drilling fluid additives - calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and barite. The findings showed that the drilling fluid blends with ESP have significantly outperformed the drilling fluid blends with barite and CaCO3 and for all concentrations in terms of mud weight improvement. The second best blends in terms of mud weight enhancement were the blends with barite and followed by the blends CaCO3. In conclusion, food waste material - ESP outperforming two of the most common drilling fluid additives shows a potential for ESP and other food wastes to be utilized as drilling mud additives in the petroleum industry. This will reduce the harmful chemicals disposed to the environment, reduce exposure risks of drilling crews to harmful chemicals, minimize drilling fluid cost, and revolutionize the industry while contributing to the economy overall.
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Pimenta, Gervasio, Mohamad Hussain Ahmad, Akio Mizukami, and Bogdan Andres. "GRE Lined OCTG as a Cost-Effective Solution for Water Disposal Wells." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207335-ms.
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Abstract Glass Reinforced Epoxy (GRE), lining systems for API 5CT tubing have gained prominence in O&G industry, essentially due to the fact that GRE constitutes a physical barrier protecting the OCTG pipe from corrosive environment, and minimizing issues with scale deposition. ADNOC group companies have been building experience on the implementation of GRE Lined L-80 tubing by successfully using it in produced water disposal wells. Produced water is a highly corrosive medium due to dissolved CO2, H2S high to very high chloride content, high TDS, eventually containing bacteria. The corrosiveness of the fluid increases as the temperature increase from temperatures in the range of 30 – 50 degC at surface to reservoir temperature. The aggressiveness of this medium towards API 5CT L-80 or 13Cr / modified 13Cr increases with its contamination with oxygen. Dissolved oxygen is a strong depolarizer leading to high pitting rates if dissolved O2 content in the water is above 10 or 20ppb. Conventional completion of WDW in ADNOC Onshore is based on API 5CT L-80, and short life of the completion strings has been attributed to deficient water treatment (lack of oxygen scavenger, corrosion inhibitor unsuitable for downhole conditions. A life cycle cost analysis suggests that GRE lined OCTG could be a cost-effective solution for water injection. For this life cycle cost assessment, CAPEX (cost of L-80 completion string, combo corrosion inhibitor & oxygen scavenger skid and OPEX: cost of Combo chemical and monitoring activities for design life were considered, while achieving the required level of well integrity and lower operational safety risks (e.g. handling hazardous chemicals, monitoring activities)
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Mehran, Fatemeh. "Completion Design and Optimization to Assure Flow in Gas Wells Life Cycle." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21454-ms.
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Abstract There are 26 sedimentary basins in Asia divided into four categories on the basis of hydrocarbon prospectivity. A total of about 3.14 million square kilometres area is covered by these sedimentary basins which includes both onshore and offshore. One of the most prominent category-1 (commercially producing) basin of Asia is XXX basin with an estimated hydrocarbon potential of about 1130 million metric tonnes. It covers an area of 15000 square kilometres onshore and about 25000 square kilometrs offshore, upto a water depth of about 1000 m (National Data Repository, DGH-MoPNG, GOI). It is believed that Asia relies heavily on XXX Basin for its energy security. However, one of the major challenges being faced in the XXX Basin offshore field development is Flow Assurance. Since most of the fields offshore basin are in deepwater setting, high pressure and low temperature conditions aggravate flow assurance problems. Flow assurance is identified as a significant deepwater offshore development challenges and hence has emerged as a prominent discipline in the oil and gas industry. There are several definitions of Flow Assurance, one of the most common of which is: Flow Assurance is the analysis of thermal, hydraulic and fluid related threats to flow and product quality and their mitigation using equipment, chemicals and procedure (Makogon T.Y., 2019). It can be understood as an all-encompassing holistic approach of fluid flow from the reservoir to point of sale with an integrated perspective of asset development. In simple terms flow assurance aims to ensure fluid flow irrespective of flow trajectory, fluid chemistry and environmental conditions (Brown L.D., 2002). It has become increasingly important in recent times as the industry has turned to deepwater resources for energy sources. There are multiple examples where the proper utilization of Flow Assurance technology has saved billions of dollars for oil and gas companies. Norske Shell saved approximately 30 billion NOK in the Troll field by resorting to direct electrical heating of produced fluids. The same was utilized by Italian company ENI for its Goliath development and by BP in its Skarv field (Makogon T.Y., 2019). This paper describes a comprehensive workflow to identify and mitigate flow assurance risks for the deepwater block in XXX Basin.
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Khidhir, Dana Mohammad, and Hiwa Sidiq. "Experimental Investigation of Asphaltene Deposition Remediation in Northern Iraqi Fields Using Green Metal Oxide Nanofluids/chemicals as Dispersants." In Gas & Oil Technology Showcase and Conference. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/214201-ms.
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Abstract Precipitation of asphaltene is a significant technological Hurdle for the petroleum industry. There are several processes utilized to eliminate or stop the precipitation of asphaltene, while the applications of asphaltene inhibitors give the most efficient and cost-effective method of treating deposits. This study examined the practical effects of Asphaltenes were studied using inhibitors (ASFIN and ZnO NFs) also the remediation of asphaltene in dynamic conditions in terms of Pressure, Temperature and inhibitor concentration. An asphaltene precipitation loop was designed to mimic the real production scenarios in field conditions. It was found that nanofluids outperformed typical chemicals used in asphaltene remediation by a significant margin. Results of this experiment were then tested by UV-vis spectrophotometer which showed significant adsorption of asphaltene by nano particles.
Reports on the topic "Petroleum chemicals industry"
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Unknown, Author. L51543a Evaluation of Cost-Effective Measures to Comply with Storage Tank Regulations Vol 1. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010522.
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Assesses the impact on the natural gas industry of recently proposed EPA rules specifying technical standards and financial responsibility covering buried tanks used to store certain petroleum products or chemicals. Reviews leak detection and monitoring methods, tank piping options, installation practices, and generate response procedures.Vol. I only approved for publication.
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Tucker. L51543b Evaluation of Cost-Effective Measures to Comply with Storage Tank Regulations Vol 2. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010349.
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Assesses the impact on the natural gas industry of recently proposed EPA rules specifying technical standards and financial responsibility covering buried tanks used to store certain petroleum products or chemicals. Reviews leak detection and monitoring methods, tank piping options, installation practices, and generate response procedures.Vol. I only approved for publication.