Academic literature on the topic 'Petroleum coke slags'
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Journal articles on the topic "Petroleum coke slags"
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Duchesne, Marc A., Alexander Y. Ilyushechkin, Robin W. Hughes, et al. "Flow behaviour of slags from coal and petroleum coke blends." Fuel 97 (July 2012): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.02.019.
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Wang, Liang, Hongzhu Quan, and Qiuyi Li. "Effect of Solid Waste-Petroleum Coke Residue on the Hydration Reaction and Property of Concrete." Materials 12, no. 8 (2019): 1216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12081216.
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Taking advantage of the desulfurization petroleum coke residue obtained from circulating fluidized bed boiler technology to replace a part of cement clinker and prepare the concrete can not only reduce the production of cement clinker and related CO2 emissions, but can also improve the utilization rate and utilization level of petroleum coke waste, which has good environmental and economic benefits. In this study, through the comprehensive analysis of a compressive strength test, X-ray diffraction test, and Cl− penetration resistance test, the hydration mechanism of desulfurized petroleum coke residue in concrete is revealed, and the optimum replacement ratios of single-added petroleum coke residue, multi-added petroleum coke residue, and mineral admixtures in concrete are evaluated and proposed. The results showed that mixing the 10% petroleum coke residue and 40% blast furnace slag would be most appropriate to replace the cement in concrete, thus the effective utilization of mineral admixtures and coke residue in concrete without strength loss could be realized.
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Chen, Guan Yu, and Wei Hsing Huang. "Investigation on Blending CFB Ash with Blast Furnace Slag as Replacement for Portland Cement Used in Concrete Binders." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.623.
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Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) Boiler is a means of energy-generating process by burning petroleum coke. In order to avoid blazed petroleum coke with high sulfur content from emitting overdosed sulfur dioxide, limestone is introduced in the boiler for desulfuration. The residue collected from the boiler is called CFB ash. In accordance with different boiler position, CFB ashes can be classified as fly ash and bed ash, and both have similar chemical compositions, with high contents of gypsum and calcium oxide. In this study, CFB ash (fly ash) is mixed with blast furnace slag (BFS) as a substitute for cement in making concrete. It is intended that CFB ashes can be used in concrete and a method for proportioning CFB ash in concrete can be developed. The results show that CFB ash can react with cement to produce hydration products such as Ca(OH)2, and bring the activation of blast furnace slag. The paste strength could be low at later ages, if the CFB ash content is too low. Whereas, if the CFB ash content is over 30%, the paste strength will be low at the early age. Therefore, it is concluded that the cement-granulated blast furnace slag system will show best performance at the CFB ash content between 18% and 22%. In autoclave soundness test shows the CFB ash of the high f-CaO content is easy reaction in the water, and also did not negatively affect the quality of the volume stability.
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D’Souza, Suzanna A., Shubhadeep Banik, Hari B. Vuthaluru, and Sarma V. Pisupati. "Comparison of Natural and Synthetic Petroleum Coke Slag Viscosities under Reducing Conditions: Applicability of Predictive Models Using Factsage and Modified Urbain Model." Fuels 2, no. 1 (2021): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fuels2010003.
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The viscosity of slag from an operating integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant utilising petroleum coke and a synthetic petcoke slag with the same composition made from chemical grade oxides in a reducing environment for gasification application were investigated in this study. A high temperature rotating bob-type viscometer was used to measure viscosity between temperatures of 1250–1375 °C. Natural and synthetic ash had similar viscosities above 1300 °C in this study. The viscosity was predicted by using FactSage, a thermodynamic modelling software, in conjunction with different viscosity models, available in the open literature. Percentage deviations of predicted viscosities from different models with experimentally measured values ranged from about 41 to 151%. Crystallisation of the slag was noted in SEM-EDS (scanning electron microscopy– energy dispersive spectroscopy) and FactSage results. Solid phases from FactSage predictions were used to modify the Kalmanovitch–Frank model with the Roscoe method. It predicted the viscosity of the slag accurately between 1250 and 1375 °C. Average percentage deviation from measured natural ash viscosity was about 11%.
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Liu, Shiyuan, Weihua Xue, and Lijun Wang. "Extraction of the Rare Element Vanadium from Vanadium-Containing Materials by Chlorination Method: A Critical Review." Metals 11, no. 8 (2021): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11081301.
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Vanadium as a rare element has a wide range of applications in iron and steel production, vanadium flow batteries, catalysts, etc. In 2018, the world’s total vanadium output calculated in the form of metal vanadium was 91,844 t. The raw materials for the production of vanadium products mainly include vanadium-titanium magnetite, vanadium slag, stone coal, petroleum coke, fly ash, and spent catalysts, etc. Chlorinated metallurgy has a wide range of applications in the treatment of ore, slag, solid wastes, etc. Chlorinating agent plays an important role in chlorination metallurgy, which is divided into solid (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, AlCl3, FeCl2, FeCl3, MgCl2, NH4Cl, NaClO, and NaClO3) and gas (Cl2, HCl, and CCl4). The chlorination of vanadium oxides (V2O3 and V2O5) by different chlorinating agents was investigated from the thermodynamics. Meanwhile, this paper summarizes the research progress of chlorination in the treatment of vanadium-containing materials. This paper has important reference significance for further adopting the chlorination method to treat vanadium-containing raw materials.
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Laungsakulthai, Kitti, Thanapon Chandakhiaw, Natcha Wongnaree, Jirapracha Thampiriyanon, Woranittha Kritsarikun, and Sakhob Khumkoa. "Smelting Reduction of Spent Catalyst Containing Nickel: A Preliminary Study." Materials Science Forum 1009 (August 2020): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1009.162.
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The aim of this research was to study the recycling process and the feasibility to smelt the spent nickel catalyst for the production of nickel alloy or ferronickel. The smelting process was carried out in a laboratory induction furnace. The effects of SiO2/CaO for slag forming on metal recovery and smelting time were investigated. Petroleum coke was used as reductant. Mill scale was used as an iron resource for ferro-alloy production, while CaO was used as slag forming agent. The raw materials were mixed together and put into a graphite crucible, which was then placed in the induction furnace. After the melt was completed, the melt was poured into a mold to solidify. The chemical composition of the product was analyzed by XRF and XRD. It was found that the smelting time was decreased with increasing SiO2/CaO from 1.0 to 2.3. For nickel alloy production, increasing of SiO2/CaO increased the weight of metal product. For the ferronickel production, however, the weight of metal product was found not to vary with different ratio of SiO2/CaO.
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Su, Dunlei, Gongbing Yue, Qiuyi Li, Yuanxin Guo, Song Gao, and Liang Wang. "Research on the Preparation and Properties of High Belite Sulphoaluminate Cement (HBSAC) Based on Various Industrial Solid Wastes." Materials 12, no. 9 (2019): 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091510.
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In this study, a variety of industrial solid wastes, including petroleum coke desulfurization slag, fly ash and carbide slag with natural resource bauxite, were used as raw materials to prepare high belite suphoaluminate cement, which contains a certain CaSO4 content without adding natural gypsum to the clinker. The sintering temperature, mineral composition, and the physical and mechanical properties of the cement clinkers were investigated. The techniques adopted included a comprehensive thermal analysis (DSC-TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that it is completely feasible to prepare high belite sulphoaluminate cement with the various industrial solid wastes mentioned above and the utilization rate of the solid wastes is up to 80%. The sintering temperature ranges from 1225 °C to 1350 °C, and the optimal sintering temperature is approximately 1300 °C. The clinkers prepared at 1300 °C set and harden quickly and have a slightly higher water requirement of normal consistency. The mechanical strength is greatly affected by the CaSO4 and 3CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4 contents and the most reasonable CaSO4 content is 15%.
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Chu, Yong Sik, Soo Hyun Park, Sung Kwan Seo, and Jae Wan Park. "Properties of Shrinkage Reducing Agent and Mortar with C12A7-based Slag and Petroleum Cokes Ash." Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society 50, no. 5 (2013): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4191/kcers.2013.50.5.319.
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Othman, Nor Fadzilah, and Mohd Hariffin Boosroh. "Mineral Matter Study in Adaro Coal-EFB Blends to Mitigate Ash Slagging Problem in the Gasification Process." Advanced Materials Research 845 (December 2013): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.845.18.
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Ash is a by-product of solid fuels (eg. coal, biomass, petroleum coke) gasification, which can contribute to the gasifier performance. Continuous formation of ash slag will further accumulate and cause plant outage. In relation to that problem, this study is conducted to mitigate the formation of ash slag in gasifier. Adaro coal from Indonesia and empty fruit bunch (EFB) were used as blends. EFB is used to promote the utilisation of renewable energy source and to reduce the Green House Gas Emission (eg. CO2). Adaro coal and EFB; and 4 blended fuels from Adaro:EFB at blending ratios of 80:20, 85:15, 90:10 and 95:5 were prepared in laboratory. Prediction of slagging tendency for Adaro:EFB blends were conducted using two slagging indices, which are slagging index, Basic/Acidic (B/A) and ratio-slag viscosity index (SR). Mineral oxides (eg. SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3) from the ashes of single and blended fuels were determined using Filed-Element Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and were used as input for the prediction of slagging tendency. The results showed that Adaro:EFB with blend ratio of 80:20 and 85:15 had low slagging tendency based on slagging index (B/A) and SR. Therefore, these two blending ratios are suitable to be used in the gasification system to avoid the ash slagging problem.
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Su, Dunlei, Qiuyi Li, Yuanxin Guo, Gongbing Yue, and Liang Wang. "Effect of Residual CaSO4 in Clinker on Properties of High Belite Sulfoaluminate Cement Based on Solid Wastes." Materials 13, no. 2 (2020): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020429.
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The high belite sulfoaluminate cement (HBSAC) containing CaSO4, and without CaSO4, based on solid wastes were successfully prepared from petroleum coke desulfurization slag (PCDS), fly ash (FA), carbide slag (CS), and bauxite (BX). The mineral composition of clinkers after different calcination history were investigated by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD)/Quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), so as to determine the calcination temperatures. The difference between residual CaSO4 and dihydrate gypsum (DG) and the optimal content of residual CaSO4 were discussed by studying the properties of HBSAC. The results revealed that the residual CaSO4 in clinker could replace DG to participate in hydration, and showed some advantages in strength and early hydration heat, but meanwhile increased the water requirement of normal consistency and hydration heat at 72 h, and prolonged the setting time. With the increase of residual CaSO4 content in clinker, the lower limit temperature of clinker formation gradually increased, and the crystal size of clinker minerals became finer and the boundary between crystals became more blurred. However, the optimal calcination temperature (1300 °C) of HBSAC clinker did not change. Considering the effect of residual CaSO4 content on the water requirement of normal consistency, setting time, hydration heat, strength, and hydration products, the optimal design content of residual CaSO4 in HBSAC clinker based on solid wastes, such as PCDS and FA, was 15%.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Petroleum coke slags"
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Lu, Jun. "Petroleum coke slags : characterization and dissolution /." Diss., This resource online, 1997. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10022007-144734/.
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Groen, John Corwyn. "Microchemical phase characterization of petroleum coke gasification slags." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38625.
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The inorganic chemistries of coal and petroleum differ because of their disparate geologic environments of formation, the physical state of the fuels, and the type and quantity of minerals and organic compounds in the fuels. Commercial coals typically contain 2 to 25% ash (average ~ 10%) while petroleums contain 0.003 to 0.07% ash (average ~ 0.01 %).
Globally averaged, coal ash is dominated by Si, Fe, Ca, AI, and S, whereas petroleum ash contains significant quantities of V, Ni, S, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Si and AI. This larger number of important elements causes petroleum combustion slags to have more complex phase assemblages. The high vanadium contents of petroleum-based combustion feedstocks yield numerous crystalline V -oxides with stoichiometric amounts of Ca, Fe, Mg, AI, Ni andlor Na in the resulting slags. Slightly lower nickel contents yield abundant NiFe and Ni sulfides. The dominance of metals over silicon results in the formation of crystalline silicates following metal saturation of immiscible Si-rich glasses. High gasification temperatures (1200 - 1500°C) promote the development of equilibrial assemblages.
Chemical variations between individual feedstock cokes coupled with nonuniform operational conditions result in three principal categories of petroleum coke slag; 1) sulfide dominant, 2) silica dominant, and 3) oxide dominant. Sulfide dominant slags are not necessarily derived from feedstocks with high sulfur contents, instead they appear to derive from feedstocks rich in chalcophile elements, predominantly Fe and Ni, by attracting sulfur otherwise lost by volatilization. Slagging additives can change the chemical categorization of resulting slags through phase modifications and the formation of new phases; this in tum can strongly alter the physical behavior of the slags.
Compositionally diverse spinel oxides are the most common crystalline slag phase because of their wide thermal and compositional stability ranges, refractory nature, and rapid growth kinetics. Spinel compositions are strongly influenced by the inorganic chemistry of the feedstock, the composition of host phases, and the composition of additives. Coke slag spinels are generally enriched in AI, Fe, V, Mg, and Ni, and often contain Cr that is derived from reaction with refractory material.<br>Ph. D.
Conference papers on the topic "Petroleum coke slags"
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Hamilton, Ian S., Donald A. Halter, Donald F. Haumann, Erich H. Fruchtnicht, and Matthew G. Arno. "Characterization of NORM Sources in Petroleum Coke Calcining Processes." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16314.
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Petroleum coke, or “petcoke,” is a waste by-product of the oil refining industry. The majority of petcoke consumption is in energy applications; catalyst coke is used as refinery fuel, anode coke for electricity conduction, and marketable coke for heating cement kilns. Roskill has predicted that long-term growth in petroleum coke production will be maintained, and may continue to increase slightly through 2012. Petcoke must first be calcined to drive off any undesirable petroleum by-products that would shorten the coke product-life cycle. As an example, the calcining process can take place in large, rotary kilns heated to maximum temperatures as high as approximately 1400–1540°C. The kilns and combustion/settling chambers, as well as some cooler units, are insulated with refractory bricks and other, interstitial materials, e.g., castable refractory materials, to improve the efficiency of the calcining process. The bricks are typically made of 70–85-percent bauxite, and are slowly worn away by the calcining process; bricks used to line the combustion chambers wear away, as well, but at a slower rate. It has been recognized that the refractory materials contain slight amounts of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) from the uranium- and thorium-decay series. Similarly, low levels of NORM could be present in the petcoke feed stock given the nature of its origin. Neither the petcoke nor the refractory bricks represent appreciable sources of radiation or radioactive waste. However, some of the demolished bricks that have been removed from service because of the aforementioned wearing process have caused portal alarms to activate at municipal disposal facilities. This has lead to the current investigation into whether there is a NORM concentrating mechanism facilitated by the presence of the slightly radioactive feed stock in the presence of the slightly radioactive refractory materials, at calcining-zone temperatures. Research conducted to date has been used to determine the speciation and concentration of nuclides in both the feed stock and the various refractory materials, as well as the slag that forms at the interface of the two materials, as a function of temperature. Further investigation into any potential for generation of a NORM hazard as a result of refractory demolition has been conducted. Aerosol generation (mass loading), particle size distribution, and pulmonary solubility class have been investigated as a function of demolition-task description. In addition, external radiation levels in the kilns, chambers and waste piles, as a function of temperature profile and brick/operating history have been investigated.