Relevant bibliographies by topics / Petroleum hydrocarbons

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Petroleum hydrocarbons'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Petroleum hydrocarbons"

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Truskewycz, Adam, Taylor D. Gundry, Leadin S. Khudur, Adam Kolobaric, Mohamed Taha, Arturo Aburto-Medina, Andrew S. Ball, and Esmaeil Shahsavari. "Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination in Terrestrial Ecosystems—Fate and Microbial Responses." Molecules 24, no. 18 (September 19, 2019): 3400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183400.

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Petroleum hydrocarbons represent the most frequent environmental contaminant. The introduction of petroleum hydrocarbons into a pristine environment immediately changes the nature of that environment, resulting in reduced ecosystem functionality. Natural attenuation represents the single, most important biological process which removes petroleum hydrocarbons from the environment. It is a process where microorganisms present at the site degrade the organic contaminants without the input of external bioremediation enhancers (i.e., electron donors, electron acceptors, other microorganisms or nutrients). So successful is this natural attenuation process that in environmental biotechnology, bioremediation has developed steadily over the past 50 years based on this natural biodegradation process. Bioremediation is recognized as the most environmentally friendly remediation approach for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from an environment as it does not require intensive chemical, mechanical, and costly interventions. However, it is under-utilized as a commercial remediation strategy due to incomplete hydrocarbon catabolism and lengthy remediation times when compared with rival technologies. This review aims to describe the fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment and discuss their interactions with abiotic and biotic components of the environment under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Furthermore, the mechanisms for dealing with petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in the environment will be examined. When petroleum hydrocarbons contaminate land, they start to interact with its surrounding, including physical (dispersion), physiochemical (evaporation, dissolution, sorption), chemical (photo-oxidation, auto-oxidation), and biological (plant and microbial catabolism of hydrocarbons) interactions. As microorganism (including bacteria and fungi) play an important role in the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, investigations into the microbial communities within contaminated soils is essential for any bioremediation project. This review highlights the fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in tertial environments, as well as the contributions of different microbial consortia for optimum petroleum hydrocarbon bioremediation potential. The impact of high-throughput metagenomic sequencing in determining the underlying degradation mechanisms is also discussed. This knowledge will aid the development of more efficient, cost-effective commercial bioremediation technologies.
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Bekturova, Assemgul, Zhannur Markhametova, and Zhaksylyk Masalimov. "Plasmids Role in Survival of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus A1 Exposed to UV-Radiation and Hydrocarbons." Advanced Materials Research 905 (April 2014): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.905.151.

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The role of plasmids in hydrocarbon-degrading bacteriaAcinetobacter calcoaceticus A1survival to UV-radiation and hydrocarbons was studied. Natural plasmids-containingA. calcoaceticus A1showed high resistance to UV-radiation.A. calcoaceticus A1showed active growth under exposed to UV-radiation for up to 30 minutes. Combined effects of UV-radiation and petroleum hydrocarbons did not considerably reduce the growth of strains. It was shown a stimulating effect of UV-radiation on the growth curves of strains ofA. calcoaceticus A1. Constructed recombinant strain (E.coli XL blueRec) showed the ability to grow on medium with addition petroleum hydrocarbons. Combined effects of UV-radiation and petroleum hydrocarbons have had a negative effect on the growth ofE.coli XL blueRec. Thus, results showed that the plasmid DNA of natural hydrocarbon-degrading bacteriaA. calcoaceticus A1may contain genes of microbial resistance to UV - radiation and petroleum hydrocarbons.
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Liu, Jianbo, Liming Xu, Feifei Zhu, and Shouhao Jia. "Effects of surfactants on the remediation of petroleum contaminated soil and surface hydrophobicity of petroleum hydrocarbon degrading flora." Environmental Engineering Research 26, no. 5 (September 20, 2020): 200384–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2020.384.

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It has been proven that surfactants used in the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil have great application potential. In this study, the effects of five surfactants (SDBS, Tween80, Tween60, rhamnolipid and TRS-1) on leaching of petroleum hydrocarbons from soil were investigated through orthogonal experiments, and petroleum hydrocarbon components were analyzed by GC/MS. The effects of surfactants on the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon were analyzed by the changes of microbial growth curve and surface hydrophobicity. The results showed that surfactant type, temperature and surfactant concentration had significant effects on the removal rate of petroleum hydrocarbon. Tween80, rhamnolipid and TRS-1 have good bio-friendliness and a high removal rate of petroleum hydrocarbons (up to 65%), suitable for the restoration of the soil used in the experiment And Surfactants exhibited a higher removal rate for small molecules and petroleum hydrocarbons with odd carbon atoms. Surfactants have a certain modification effect on the surface of relatively hydrophilic bacteria under the initial conditions, making their surface properties develop in the direction of enhanced hydrophobicity, and the hydrophobicity has increased from less than 20% to about 40%.
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Fan, Li, Xianhe Gong, Quanwei Lv, Denghui Bin, and Li’Ao Wang. "Construction of Shale Gas Oil-Based Drilling Cuttings Degrading Bacterial Consortium and Their Degradation Characteristics." Microorganisms 12, no. 2 (February 2, 2024): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020318.

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Oil-based drilling cuttings (OBDCs) contain petroleum hydrocarbons with complex compositions and high concentrations, which have highly carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic properties. In this study, three highly efficient petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were screened from OBDCs of different shale gas wells in Chongqing, China, and identified as Rhodococcus sp. and Dietzia sp. Because of their ability to degrade hydrocarbons of various chain lengths, a new method was proposed for degrading petroleum hydrocarbons in shale gas OBDCs by combining different bacterial species. Results showed that the bacterial consortium, consisting of the three strains, exhibited the highest degradation rate for petroleum hydrocarbons, capable of degrading 74.38% of long-chain alkanes and 93.57% of short-chain alkanes, respectively. Moreover, the petroleum hydrocarbon degradation performance of the bacterial consortium in actual OBDCs could reach 90.60% in the optimal conditions, and the degradation kinetic process followed a first-order kinetic model. This study provides a certain technical reserve for the bioremediation of shale gas OBDCs.
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Yu, Haibin, Jiazhong Zang, Chunlei Guo, Bin Li, Ben Li, Xueyin Zhang, and Tiehong Chen. "Research Progress on Adsorption and Separation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Molecules by Porous Materials." Separations 10, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations10010017.

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Petroleum is an indispensable chemical product in industrial production and daily life. The hydrocarbon molecules in petroleum are important raw materials in the organic chemical industry. The hydrocarbons currently used in industry are usually obtained by fractional distillation of petroleum, which not only consumes more energy, but has poor separation selectivity for some hydrocarbons. Adsorption separation technology has many advantages such as energy saving and high efficiency. It can adsorb and separate hydrocarbon molecules in petroleum with low energy consumption and high selectivity under mild conditions. In this paper, the research progress of adsorption and separation of hydrocarbon molecules in petroleum is reviewed, and various new catalysts and the rules of adsorption and desorption are analyzed.
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Kotova, V. E., Yu А. Andreev, О. А. Mikhaylenko, and I. А. Ryazantseva. "ASSESSMENT OF PETROLEUM COMPONENT CONTAMINATION OF WATER IN THE TEMERNIK RIVER AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE DON RIVER." Ecology. Economy. Informatics.System analysis and mathematical modeling of ecological and economic systems 1, no. 6 (2021): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23885/2500-395x-2021-1-6-112-117.

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Here, we report the results of petroleum component contamination assessment of the Temernik river and the Don river. Our aim was to study the hydrocarbon group content of petroleum components in the river water. Thus, we determined the mass concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, petroleum components, and aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In the Temernik river, the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, petroleum components, sum of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were 21.4–34.4 mg/L, 0.14–6.0 mg/L, 10–18 μg/L, and 0.17–2.9 μg/L, respectively. The concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, petroleum components, and benzo[a]pyrene exceeded the maximum permissible concentration by 1.4–2.3, 2.8-120, and 1.3–5.8 times, respectively. In the Don river, the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, petroleum components, sum of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were 18.7-29.5 mg/L, 0.08- 0.16 mg/L, 8.2-12 μg/L, and 0.03-0.13 μg/L, respectively. The Severnoe reservoir was the less contaminated part of the river. The Temernik river estuary was the most contaminated part of the river. The pollutant concentrations increased in the Don River downstream of the Temernik river estuary. Therefore, the Temernik river influences on the Don river contamination. The chemical oxygen demand, petroleum components, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons had the close distribution of concentrations in the rivers. However, the aliphatic hydrocarbon concentration changed in another way. The results of the study showed that the hydrocarbon groups of petroleum components can have different sources.
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Alaidaroos, Bothaina A. "Advancing Eco-Sustainable Bioremediation for Hydrocarbon Contaminants: Challenges and Solutions." Processes 11, no. 10 (October 22, 2023): 3036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11103036.

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In an era of rising population density and industrialization, the environment confronts growing challenges. Soil, agricultural land, and water bodies are becoming increasingly polluted by petroleum waste and hydrocarbons. While hydrocarbons are naturally present in crude oil, refining processes compound the complexity and toxicity of hydrocarbons. This is particularly evident in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found in the air and soil, known for their carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic properties. In response, biodegradation emerges as an eco-friendly, cost-effective solution, especially in petroleum-contaminated settings. Biodiverse microbial communities play a pivotal role in managing hydrocarbon contamination, contingent on location, toxicity, and microbial activity. To optimize biodegradation, understanding its mechanisms is essential. This review delves into varied bioremediation techniques, degradation pathways, and the contributions of microbial activities to efficiently removing hydrocarbon pollutants. Recent research spotlights specific microorganisms like bacteria, microalgae, and fungi adept at hydrocarbon degradation, offering a contemporary perspective on petroleum hydrocarbon pollutant bioremediation. These microorganisms efficiently break down petroleum hydrocarbons, with enzymatic catalysis markedly accelerating pollutant breakdown compared to conventional methods. Given the intricate nature of hydrocarbon contamination, cooperative bacterial consortia are instrumental in effective cleanup, driven by specific genes guiding bacterial metabolism. For cost-effective and efficient removal from compromised environments, it is advisable to adopt an integrated approach that combines biostimulation and bioaugmentation.
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Su, Qu, Jiang Yu, Kaiqin Fang, Panyue Dong, Zheyong Li, Wuzhu Zhang, Manxia Liu, Luojing Xiang, and Junxiong Cai. "Microbial Removal of Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Contaminated Soil under Arsenic Stress." Toxics 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020143.

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The contamination of soils with petroleum and its derivatives is a longstanding, widespread, and worsening environmental issue. However, efforts to remediate petroleum hydrocarbon-polluted soils often neglect or overlook the interference of heavy metals that often co-contaminate these soils and occur in petroleum itself. Here, we identified Acinetobacter baumannii strain JYZ-03 according to its Gram staining, oxidase reaction, biochemical tests, and FAME and 16S rDNA gene sequence analyses and determined that it has the ability to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons. It was isolated from soil contaminated by both heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons. Strain JYZ-03 utilized diesel oil, long-chain n-alkanes, branched alkanes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as its sole carbon sources. It degraded 93.29% of the diesel oil burden in 7 days. It also had a high tolerance to heavy metal stress caused by arsenic (As). Its petroleum hydrocarbon degradation efficiency remained constant over the 0–300 mg/L As(V) range. Its optimal growth conditions were pH 7.0 and 25–30 °C, respectively, and its growth was not inhibited even by 3.0% (w/v) NaCl. Strain JYZ-03 effectively bioremediates petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil in the presence of As stress. Therefore, strain JYZ-03 may be of high value in petroleum- and heavy-metal-contaminated site bioremediation.
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Sun, Xiao Nan, An Ping Liu, Wen Ting Sun, and Shu Chang Jin. "The Remedial Effect of the Decomposing Bacteria on Different Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination." Advanced Materials Research 414 (December 2011): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.414.88.

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Petroleum contamination has become one of the major soil contaminations. Aiming at petroleum hydrocarbon contamination, the multi-group opposite experiments is set; this paper use some petroleum hydrocarbon-decomposing bacteria to remedy the soil contaminated by different carbon chain petroleum hydrocarbons. Compare and study the remedial results, and study the growth of the bacteria in the decomposing process. The Study shows that the degradation rate of the bacteria to short-chain petroleum hydrocarbons is relatively high; Within 40 days without nutrient substance, degradation rate of bacteria to gasoline and diesel is 80%, degradation rate of bacteria to aromatics and lubricants is 50%, the trend of bacteria’s growth curve and the degradation rate curve of each component are approximate.
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Yang, B., Q. H. Xue, C. T. Qu, C. Lu, F. F. Liu, H. Zhang, L. T. Ma, L. Qi, and Y. T. Wang. "Research Progress on in-situ Remediation of Typical Heavy Metals in Petroleum Hydrocarbon-contaminated Soil Enrichment by Plants." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2024.v23i01.006.

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Petroleum hydrocarbon is one of the dangerous substances in the process of petroleum development, refining, processing, transportation, and production. In the related activities of the petroleum industry, the output is large, and improper treatment will cause pollution to the surrounding environment. It is an urgent problem to conduct harmless and resource treatment of petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil. Plant enrichment, as an environmentally friendly and pollution-free technical means, has the advantages of low cost and small change to the soil environment and effectively solves the problems of excessive heavy metals in petroleum hydrocarbons through plant enrichment. In this paper, the development process of plant enrichment, remediation methods, and plant enrichment of typical heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Zn) in petroleum hydrocarbon-polluted soil were systematically introduced. Through investigation, the mechanism and influencing factors of plant enrichment of heavy metals in the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons were summarized and analyzed, and the possible development direction of plant enrichment technology in the future was prospected.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Petroleum hydrocarbons"

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Mejeha, Obioma Kelechi. "Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils co-contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals derived from petroleum." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3391.

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The biodegradation of sites co-contaminated by organic pollutants and Heavy Metals is often a challenge due to the inhibition of microbial activities. Microbes play important role in the mineralization of petroleum hydrocarbons to CO2 by utilizing petroleum hydrocarbons as a carbon/ energy source. Heavy metals are often constituents of petroleum. Petroleum spills may result to the release associated metals (e.g. Ni, Cd, Pb, As) into the environment. Subsequent spills may cause an increase in metal concentrations in soils that may build to concentrations above intervention values. This may result to the inhibition of important biological activities such as the biodegradation of organic contaminants. This research investigates the effects of Ni, Cd and Pb contamination on biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in complex soil system using a microbiological approach combined with geochemical approach. Such an approach will provide a more detailed understanding of the patterns of oil degradation under different and increasing metal stresses and how microbial communities change in such environments. Results indicated that Ni has stimulatory or no effects on biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils depending on the chemical form of added Ni. The stimulatory effect was observed in Ni-Porphyrin contaminated soils and declined with increasing Ni concentration. In NiO soils, no effects occurred at low concentrations and increased concentration of Ni resulted to increased inhibition of biodegradation. This is unlike NiCl2 amended soils where Ni effects on biodegradation were neutral irrespective of Ni concentration. The microbial diversity study of the microbial soil community indicated that there was a selective enrichment of species in the soil communities. Phylogenetic study indicated that the dominant microorganism in the community is a strain of Rhodococcus (100%), which was closely related to most Rhodococcus strains isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated environments, metal contaminated environments and extreme environments. Results indicated that Cd inhibited biodegradation of crude oil in soils, irrespective of Cd form or concentrations. The inhibitory effect increased with increasing concentrations. Also, the microbial diversity study of the microbial soil community indicated that there was a selective enrichment of species in the soil communities. Similar to Ni, Phylogenetic study indicated that the dominant microorganism in the community is a strain of Rhodococcus. Also biodegradation of petroleum was significantly reduced in crude oil degrading short-term Pb contaminated soils, irrespective of Pb form or concentration. However, in long-term Pb contaminated soils, while maximal rate of petroleum degradation reduced at high- Pb concentration, no effect was observed at low lead concentration. Also, the microbial diversity study of the microbial soil community indicated that there was a selective enrichment of species in the soil communities. Two dominating specie were identified in Pb-soils depending on soil. Both are closely related to a strain belonging to Bacillales that were originally isolated Rock, Scopulibacillus darangshiensis strain (98%) and oil contaminated soil Bacillus circulans (99%). While the former dominated in Pb -short-term contaminated soils as well as Pb-long term contaminated soil at high concentration, the later dominated long-term-Pb contaminated soil at low concentration.
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Critchley, John G. "Composting of soils contaminated with heavy petroleum hydrocarbons." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0016/MQ48146.pdf.

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Agbeotu, Emibra E. "Plant enhanced biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=59440.

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Hydrocarbons in soil may assert acute or chronic impacts to plants, animals and microbial processes if contacted. These have raised political and scientific concerns. Consequential research efforts corroborated that constitutive microorganisms contact the compounds for their metabolic activities. This may result in mineralisation, transformation and/or detoxification (biodegradation) of the compounds. Hydrocarbon biodegradation is relatively cost-effective and ecological, but often marred with limited availability to plant or animal cells (bioavailability) for metabolism. Several authors reported that growth of some plants or administration of requisite rootexudates into soil with hydrocarbons often increases hydrocarbon bioavailability for enhanced biodegradation. However, development of knowledge about this respite from plants is often founded on impacts of plants on single dose or selected mixture of hydrocarbons in soils or culture solutions. These do not; and cannot represent the heterogeneous complex mixture of numerous organic and inorganic compounds in soils where plants grow naturally. In this study, synthetic root-exudates, seedlings of lupin and ryegrass were applied separately into respective soils that were contaminated with aged and/or fresh petroleum hydrocarbons. Individual impacts of the treatments on bulk hydrocarbon concentrations, rate of microbial respiration and total numbers of culturable bacterial colonies in the soils were investigated. Results suggested that application of lupin, ryegrass or synthetic root-exudates into the soils significantly (p ≤ 0.05) induced reduction or upsurge of hydrocarbon biodegradation end-points relative to the type and concentration of hydrocarbons in soil. Thus, it is inferred that growth of plants or administration of root-exudates into hydrocarbon contaminated soils could result in enhanced biodegradation of hydrocarbons in soil.
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Adelaja, O. "Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons using microbial fuel cells." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2015. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/9qvyy/bioremediation-of-petroleum-hydrocarbons-using-microbial-fuel-cells.

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Environmental pollution by petroleum hydrocarbons has serious environmental consequences on critical natural resources upon which all living things (including mankind) largely depend. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) could be employed in the treatment of these environmental pollutants with concomitant bioelectricity generation. Therefore, the overarching objective of this study was to develop an MFC system for the effective and efficient treatment of petroleum hydrocarbons in both liquid and particulate systems. Biodegradation of target hydrocarbons, phenanthrene and benzene, was investigated in dual-chambered microbial fuel cells (MFCs) using different inoculum types - Shewanella oneidensis MR1 14063, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 10662, mixed cultures and their combinations thereof. All the inocula showed high potentials for phenanthrene and benzene degradation in liquid systems with a minimum degradation efficiency of 97 % and 86 % respectively with concomitant power production (up to 1.25 mWm-2). The performance of MFCs fed with a mixture of phenanthrene and benzene under various operating conditions - temperature, substrate concentration, addition of surfactants and cathodic electron acceptor type – was investigated. The interaction effects of three selected operating parameters - external resistance, salinity and redox mediator were also investigated using response surface methodology. The outcomes of this study demonstrated the robustness of MFCs with good degradation performance (range 80 - 98 %) and maximum power production up to 10 mWm-2 obtained at different treatment conditions. Interactive effects existed among the chosen independent factors with external resistance having a significant impact on MFC performance, with maximum power output of 24 mWm-2 obtained at optimised conditions - external resistance (69.80 kΩ) , redox mediator (29.30μM, Riboflavin) and salinity (1.3 % w/v NaCl). The treatment of a mixture of phenanthrene and benzene using two different tubular MFCs designed for both in situ and ex situ applications in aqueous systems was investigated over long operational periods (up to 155 days). The outcomes of this work demonstrated stable MFC performance at harsh nutrient conditions and ambient temperatures. Simultaneous removal of petroleum hydrocarbons (> 90 %) and bromate, used as catholyte, (up to 79 %) with concomitant biogenic electricity generation (i.e. peak power density up to 6.75 mWm-2) were observed. The performance of a tubular MFC system in phenanthrene-contaminated soil was investigated in the last study. The outcomes of this work has demonstrated the simultaneous removal of phenanthrene (86%) and bromate (95%) coupled with concomitant bioelectricity generation (about 4.69 mWm-2) using MFC systems within a radius of influence (ROI) up to 8 cm. The overall outcomes of this study suggest the possible application of MFC technology in the effective treatment of petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated groundwater or industrial effluents and soil systems (mostly in subsurface environments), with concomitant energy recovery. MFC technology could potentially be utilised as an independent system in lieu of other bioremediation technologies (e.g. pump and treat, electrobioremediation or permeable reactive barriers) or integrated with existing infrastructure such as monitoring wells or piezometers.
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Phillips, Pamela June. "Microbial degradation of hydrocarbons in aqueous systems." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2003. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842666/.

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There is a vast worldwide consumption of petroleum hydrocarbons and accidental release in to the environment is common. For example petroleum forecourt retail outlets have 'interceptors' to prevent release of hydrocarbons into the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate options for in-situ bioremediation of the hydrocarbon substrates within these 'interceptors' in a laboratory model. The initial studies on bioremediation were undertaken with diesel as the substrate. It was shown that the addition of nitrogen and phosphorus to the system increased hydrocarbon mineralisation by a factor of 16, resulting in increased carbon dioxide evolution. There was strong evidence indicating that nitrogen and phosphorus were the limiting factor for hydrocarbon metabolism in this aqueous system. Trichoderma harzianum and a soil bacterial isolate LFC D1 FI were assessed and shown to degrade hexadecane and pristane. The positive affect of adding a cosubstrate was evident in flask studies; the rates of degradation by LFC D1 FI and T. harzianum were approximately doubled and tripled respectively in the presence of glucose compared to treatments without glucose. Previous attention has focused on the ability of Phanerochaete chrysosporium to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; in this study the degradation of aliphatics was investigated. Spores from P. chrysosporium induced on the hydrocarbon substrate were found to be necessary to degrade hexadecane. Pseudomonas putida was unable to grow in liquid media containing hydrocarbons, however on solid media and in an aqueous environment containing acid-washed sand, degradation of hydrocarbons was evident, hi the presence of sand P. putida degraded both hexadecane and pristane by 70% of the initial concentration added; in the absence of sand no degradation in the aqueous system was seen. This suggests surface attachment plays an important role in hydrocarbon degradation by P. putida. The attachment and use of the sessile P. putida in aliphatic hydrocarbon degradation is discussed.
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Vogdt, Joachim. "Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02132009-172348/.

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Ucankus, Tugba. "Modeling Natural Attenuation Of Petroleum Hydrocarbons (btex) In Heterogeneous Aquifers." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606869/index.pdf.

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Natural Attenuation can be an effective cleanup option for remediation of Groundwater contamination by BTEX. One of the important aspects of the methodology that has been recognized recently is that mass removal rates, the most important parameters used to determine effectiveness of the methodology, is controlled by groundwater flow regime, which to a large extent controlled by aquifer heterogeneity. Considering this recognition, the primary objective of this research is to quantitatively describe the relationship between natural attenuation rates of BTEX and aquifer heterogeneity using numerical solution techniques. To represent different levels of aquifer heterogeneity, hydraulic conductivity distributions are simulated using Turning Bands Algorithm, changing statistical parameters Coefficient of Variation (CV) and correlation length (h). Visual MODFLOW is used to model the transport of BTEX contamination, at different hydraulic conductivity fields. Degradation rates are calculated by Buscheck&
Alcantar and Conservative Tracer Methods. The results show that, for a given h, as CV increases, the plume slows down and stays longer at the domain, so areal extent of plume decreases. For anisotropic field, plumes are more dispersed along x and y-direction, and areal extents of the plumes are greater. During MNA feasibility studies, for the aquifer heterogeneity level of CV and h smaller than 100 % and 10 m, respectively, a minimum recommended biodegradation rate constant of 0.02 d-1 can be used, whereas for the aquifer heterogeneity level of CV and h greater than 100 % and 10 m, respectively, using a minimum biodegradation rate constant of 0.06 d-1 can be recommended.
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Al, Mohanna M. M. M. "Effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on some fish and food organisms." Thesis, Swansea University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635700.

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The effect of hydrocarbons, in the form of WSF (water soluble fraction) of North Sea crude oil and naphthalene, upon the respiratory rate and survival of the freshwater isopod, Asellus aquaticus (L.), was examined at different temperatures (10°C and 17°C). The influence of pH and water hardness on the toxicity of the WSF was investigated; it was found to be less toxic in pH 7 and in hard water. Asellus was found to accumulate naphthalene (labelled with 14C) rapidly. The effects of these hydrocarbons on postfertilization development in the Atlantic herring Clupea harengus (L.) were also studied. Artificially fertilized eggs were exposed to different concentrations, the volume of egg, yolk and perivitelline space were measured and the development of the embryos was observed. Exposure to hydrocarbons altered the rates of development, heart beat and embryonic movement; the hatching point was retarded and deformities were observed amongst the resulting larvae. The influeace of naphthalene on the ultra-structure of brain and muscle in C. harengus larvae, hatched from eggs previously exposed to naphthalene, was examined. Electron microscopy revealed cellular changes: many mitochrondria were swollen, their cristae disrupted. The accumulation and distribution of crude oil and naphthalene introduced into adult rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri (Richardson) in their diet, were followed. High concentrations of these hydrocarbons were accumulated in both the gut and the liver of the trout; smaller quantities were found in their gills, kidneys, muscle, heart and brain.
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Orlu, Rosemary Nmavulem. "Geochemical controls during the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19846/.

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The microbial transformation of Fe (III) to Fe (II) can be coupled to the oxidation and reduction of organic contaminants in sub-oxic to anoxic environments. A multidisciplinary approach was adopted in this study to investigate the biogeochemical influences on the degradation of toluene (a representative of the class of aromatic hydrocarbons collectively known as BTEX) using experimental analogues of subsurface soil environments under predominantly iron-reducing conditions. The removal of toluene over the period of incubation indicated the soil-water mixture supported the degradation of toluene under predominantly iron-reducing conditions. Chemical sequential extractions showed the removal of toluene in the active mesocosms induced an increase in carbonate-bound iron fractions from 196.1 ± 11.4 mg/kg to 5,252.1 ± 291.8 mg/kg and a decrease in the reducible iron fraction from 2,504.4 ± 1,445.9 mg/kg to 375.6 ± 20.8 mg/kg. Analysis of the soil-water mixture showed slight shifts in the pH of the control and active mesocosms at the start of the experiments however these shifts occurred to a lesser degree over the remainder of the incubation period. Further experiments analysed the degree of influence of differing soil matrices and extraneous sources of iron (hematite, goethite, magnetite, ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite) on toluene removal. With the exception of the lepidocrocite-amended mesocosms, all of the iron-amended mesocosms were shown to have supported toluene removal. The presence of hematite, goethite and magnetite did not produce a significant change in the pH or total iron concentrations of the soil-water mixture. However the presence of ferrihydrite in the ferrihydrite-amended mesocosms induced a decrease in pH to slightly acid values ranging between pH 6.5 at the start of the experiments and 5.2 at the end of the experiments. The lepidocrocite-amended mesocosms induced a change to slightly alkaline values ranging between pH 8.4 and 8.8 during the period of incubation. All of the soil-amended mesocosms supported the removal of toluene in the soil-water mixture. The mesocosms containing soils with a greater percentage clay fraction removed higher amounts of toluene, possibly an indication that the bulk of this removal was sorption-induced and not microbially-mediated. An experimental approach based on the standard stable carbon isotope analytical method made it possible to determine the source of carbon in the incubated mesocosm material. The application of the mixed effects model approach to analyse the repeatedly measured experimental data demonstrated the possibility of producing predictive models for toluene removal in soil.
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Marchand, Charlotte. "Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and trace elements." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-60839.

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The rapid urbanization and industrialization has led to an increase of disposal petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) and trace elements (TE) into the environment. These pollutants are considered as the most toxic contaminants in the world due to their persistence in the environment, and the long range of toxicological effects for living beings. Recent concerns regarding the environmental contamination have initiated the development of several remediation technologies, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. In this thesis, gentle soil remediation options (GRO) were investigated at different scales for the reclamation of PHC and TE co-contaminated soil. In the first part of this thesis, laboratory experiments were performed to characterize PHC and TE contaminated soil as well as the indigenous microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) present inside these contaminated soil. It was found that the studied aged contaminated soil had a negative effect on earthworm’s development and L. sativum biomass. Moreover, a high respiration of microorganisms attributed to the transformation/ mineralization of organic matter or/and organic pollutants was observed. This presence of viable microorganisms suggested an adaptation of microorganisms to the contaminant. Further results showed that the long-term exposure of soil microorganisms to high PHC concentration and the type of isolation culture media did not influence the ability of isolates to effectively degrade PHC. However, phylogenic affiliation had a strong on PHC biodegradation. In the second part of this thesis, preliminary studies in greenhouse were assessed to investigate the ability of M. sativa assisted by compost in the greenhouse aided-phytoremediation of PHC and TE. It was found that compost incorporation into the soil promoted PHC degradation, M. sativa growth and survival, and phytoextraction of TE. Residual risk assessment after the phytoremediation trial also showed a positive effect of compost amendment on plant growth and earthworm development. Pilot scale ecopile experiment carried out in the third part of this thesis allow a reduction of up to 80% of PHC and 20% of metals after 17 months. This research demonstrated that M. sativa and H. annus were suitable for phytodegradation of PHC and phytoextraction of TE.  Results from this thesis are helpful for further full-scale phytoremediation studies.
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Books on the topic "Petroleum hydrocarbons"

1

Petrov, Alexander A. Petroleum Hydrocarbons. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71737-6.

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Petrov, Aleksandr A. Petroleum hydrocarbons. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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Kuppusamy, Saranya, Naga Raju Maddela, Mallavarapu Megharaj, and Kadiyala Venkateswarlu. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24035-6.

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United States. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Division of Toxicology. Total petroleum hydrocarbons. Atlanta, GA: Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, 1999.

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E, Hinchee Robert, Kittel Jeffrey A. 1960-, and Reisinger H. James 1947-, eds. Applied bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Columbus: Battelle Press, 1995.

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J, Ernst R., Canadian Institute of Fisheries Technology, Environmental Studies Research Funds (Canada), and Martec Limited, eds. Tainting of finfish by petroleum hydrocarbons. Ottawa: Martec Limited, 1987.

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Reservoir formation damage: Fundamentals, modeling, assessment, and mitigation. Houston, TX: Gulf Pub. Co., 2000.

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Filler, Dennis M., Ian Snape, and David L. Barnes, eds. Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Cold Regions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511535956.

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Wade, Weisman, and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group., eds. Analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons in environmental media. Amherst, Mass: Amherst Scientific Publishers, 1998.

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M, Filler Dennis, Snape Ian, and Barnes David L, eds. Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in cold regions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Petroleum hydrocarbons"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Petroleum Hydrocarbons." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 528. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_8609.

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Petrov, Alexander A. "Introduction." In Petroleum Hydrocarbons, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71737-6_1.

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Petrov, Alexander A. "General Characteristics of Petroleum Hydrocarbons Molecular and Group-Type Methods of Analysis and Classification." In Petroleum Hydrocarbons, 4–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71737-6_2.

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Petrov, Alexander A. "C5–C40 Alkanes." In Petroleum Hydrocarbons, 27–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71737-6_3.

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Petrov, Alexander A. "Cycloalkanes (Naphthenes)." In Petroleum Hydrocarbons, 68–137. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71737-6_4.

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Petrov, Alexander A. "Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Arenes)." In Petroleum Hydrocarbons, 138–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71737-6_5.

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Petrov, Alexander A. "Sources and Reactions of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Formation." In Petroleum Hydrocarbons, 165–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71737-6_6.

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Petrov, Alexander A. "Transformations of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Nature (Chemical and Biochemical Alteration of Crude Oils)." In Petroleum Hydrocarbons, 197–236. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71737-6_7.

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Petrov, Alexander A. "Conclusion Venues of Further Research on Petroleum Hydrocarbon Composition and Structure." In Petroleum Hydrocarbons, 237. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71737-6_8.

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Assaad, Fakhry A. "Introduction—Petroleum Hydrocarbons." In Field Methods for Petroleum Geologists, 3–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78837-9_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Petroleum hydrocarbons"

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Rybak-Franko, Y. V., K. Y. Uporov, and I. V. Nokhrina. "Geology and Petroleum Potential of the Ilpinsky and Olyutorsky Basins: New Data." In Far East Hydrocarbons 2014. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20142307.

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Zharkov, A. M., and L. S. Margulis. "Geology and Petroleum Potential of the fore-Sette-Daban Margin of Siberia." In Far East Hydrocarbons 2014. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20142309.

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Holliday, G. H., and L. E. Deuel. "Determining Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soil." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/26394-ms.

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Gretskaya, E. V. "Catagenetic Structure and Predication of Petroleum Content." In First Workshop on Far East Hydrocarbons 2011. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20144329.

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Balandin, S., A. Johnson, S. Dreyfus, and D. Converse. "Petroleum Geochemistry of the Arkutun-Dagi Field, Offshore Sakhalin Island, Russia: Potential Application for Allocation." In Far East Hydrocarbons 2014. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20142297.

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Goncharov, I., N. Oblasov, and V. Samoylenko. "Geochemical Problems of Petroleum System Modelling on Sakhalin." In First Workshop on Far East Hydrocarbons 2011. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20144316.

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Ahsan, A., and D. A. Karlsen. "Biodegradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Petroleum Reservoirs." In 60th EAGE Conference and Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201408551.

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Alahmari, M. M., A. A. Humam, I. M. Zefzafy, C. Sanchez-Huerta, P. Y. Hong, and S. Zhang. "Hybrid Solution to Remediate Groundwater Contaminated by Petroleum-Hydrocarbons." In SPE Water Lifecycle Management Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/218976-ms.

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Abstract Groundwater contamination by petroleum-hydrocarbons is a serious environmental problem. Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons with serious environmental and health risks. Thus, remediation of groundwater from petroleum hydrocarbon contamination is an emerging priority. Current approaches to remediate hydrocarbon contamination include physical and chemical methods. However, most of these approaches have a limited application for in-situ groundwater remediation. This study aims to develop a sustainable hybrid solution for efficient restoration of groundwater polluted by crude oil, providing a source of high-quality groundwater stream. Hybrid solution compromises in-situ addition of biosurfactant followed by a flow through electrochemical reactor installed in the groundwater well. The proposed hybrid solution comprises a two-stage process evaluated through lab-scale experiments treating crude oil that was mixed with synthetic water, mimicking groundwater contamination by petroleum-hydrocarbons. For biosurfactant optimization, glass flasks containing synthetic groundwater and crude oil were supplemented with biosurfactant BS, and C added at the three surfactants: oil (S:O) ratios 1:5, 1:10, and 1:50. Two temperature (25-35 °C) conditions were analyzed to simulate groundwater environment. The change in the crude oil layer thickness total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration (TPH) was continuously monitored for 60 days. Electron Oxidation was carried out where Boron-dopped diamond (BDD) anode and titanium cathode plates, were fitted into a 1 L reactor containing groundwater, crude oil and biosurfactant. Kinetic analysis at three constant currents (20, 30 and 40 mA/cm2) was performed. Samples were collected at regular intervals along 120 min to determine changes in TPH, COD and pH. The performance of biosurfactant BS and C in reducing the thickness of crude oil layer was influenced by different parameters including temperature, and S:O ratio. The increase in temperature further allowed higher effectiveness. For surfactant C, higher concentration of biosurfactant per unit of crude oil increased oil dispersion, the optimal S:O ratio of 1:5 allowed a maximal reduction of the crude oil layer of 27%. Biosurfactant BS, in contrast, presented optimal performance at ratio of 1:10 with a 30% reduction of the crude oil layer. Boron-doped diamond anode demonstrated high potential to oxidize TPH. The increased applied current from 20 to 40 mA enhanced the oxidation of COD and hydrocarbons (TPH ∼15-34%) along 120 min reaction. Addition of biosurfactant C resulted favorable COD and TPH oxidation. The proposed solution included adding biosurfactants followed by oxidation in a flow-through electrochemical reactor. Boron-doped diamond anode provided high electrochemical oxidation of COD and TPH, with an improved removal achieved when increasing the applied current from 20 to 40 mA and supplementing with biosurfactant C. The study provides a novel insight into enhanced bioremediation mechanism which is an integrated approach of EO and biosurfactant addition.
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Pinappu, S. R., S. Murugesan, and J. K. Jani. "Hydrocarbon Value Enhancement: A Novel Total Systems Solutions Approach for Contaminants Removal." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-24018-ms.

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Abstract A unique solution has been developed to tackle the problems caused by contaminants that can adversely affect the quality of hydrocarbons. These contaminants can lead to issues such as corrosion, fouling, and concerns related to health, safety, and the environment. The approach involves using a combination of specialized chemical additives and mechanical equipment to improve the quality of the hydrocarbon stream and increase its market value. This holistic approach ensures a synergistic effect, resulting in a premium quality hydrocarbon product. The marketplace typically regulates the quality standards of hydrocarbons through organizations such as ASTM and ISO. These standards are determined by measuring the levels of contaminants present using approved testing methods. There are several contaminants that are commonly tested for, including but not limited to mercury, arsenic, iron, aluminum, silica, and sulfur. These contaminants present significant challenges in processing and can also pose health, safety, and environmental risks. Although traditional chemical additive treatment can assist in bringing the hydrocarbon stream back to its desired specification, these methods are often time-consuming and not always effective in completely removing certain contaminants. This paper proposes a new system solution approach that includes ideation, pilot plant studies, and final long-term implementation. The approach involves the use of contaminant-selective chemical additives and appropriate mechanical separation equipment. This paper demonstrates practical examples of eliminating contaminants from various hydrocarbons through a total systems approach. The contaminants in question, including mercury, arsenic, iron, aluminum and silica, were effectively removed using chemical additives like carbonamide/thiocarbamide, acid-catalyzed resins, and sodium tetra hydroborate. To achieve optimal results, we also utilized separation equipment such as centrifuges, decanters, and liquid-liquid contactors. This innovative system utilizes a selective chemistry approach combined with mechanical equipment to enhance the value of hydrocarbons through a synergistic effect. Furthermore, the study proposes the possibility of utilizing this approach in the realm of sustainable energy sources.
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Ushakova, Alexandra, Elena Mukhina, Alexandra Scerbacova, Aman Turakhanov, Denis Bakulin, Alexey Cheremisin, and Anton Kasyanenko. "A Comprehensive Project of Thermal, Gas and Chemical EOR Method Application for Bazhenov Shale Formation." In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206424-ms.

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Abstract The article describes the development aimed at a comprehensive study for enhanced oil recovery methods (EOR) of the Bazhenov shale oil formation. Potentially effective technologies for low-permeable reservoirs are under consideration: injection of associated petroleum gas in the mode of miscible displacement to recover light oil; injection of the surfactants water solutions, to separate sorbed hydrocarbons from the rock and change core wettability; and heating technologies to convert solid hydrocarbons into liquid and gaseous, and recover. The project explore potentially effective EOR technologies and their influence on the various types of hydrocarbons of the shale Bazhenov formation: mobile oil in closed pores, sorbed and solid (kerogen) hydrocarbons. Experimental studies were carried out: the selection of the gases composition, the selection of surfactant compositions, the study of the possibility of thermal exposure by over-heated water injection. The project is currently at the stage of determining the effectiveness of each method, selecting a technology for specific field conditions and identifying which hydrocarbon resources each method is aimed at extracting.
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Reports on the topic "Petroleum hydrocarbons"

1

Song Jin, Paul Fallgren, and Terry Brown. Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Heterogeneous Soils. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/910138.

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Cesar, J. R., and O. H. Ardakani. Organic geochemistry of the Montney Formation: new insights about the source of hydrocarbons, their accumulation history and post accumulation processes. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329788.

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This study consists of a non-traditional molecular and stable isotope approach to analyze organic matter (soluble bitumen and produced oil/condensate) from the Montney Formation low-permeability reservoirs, with the purpose of identifying source(s) of hydrocarbons, accumulation history and post accumulation processes. The same approach bases on the distribution of compound classes such as aromatic carotenoids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), bicyclic alkanes, and oxygen-polar compounds. The geochemical screening has been enhanced with performing compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of n-alkanes and selected aromatic hydrocarbons. Widely spread PAHs, the presence of molecular indicators of euxinia, and hydrocarbon mixtures identified using CSIA profiles, are some of the key findings from this research, which will improve our understanding of the Montney petroleum system(s).
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Labranche, David F., and M. R. Collins. Stripping Volatile Organic Compounds and Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Water by Tray Aeration. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada323603.

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Tzonev. PR-396-143702-R01 Feasibility of a Petroleum Leak Detection Cable Utilizing Polymer Absorption Sensor. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010849.

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Several high-profile new pipeline projects in Canada and the USA have triggered investigation of auxiliary leak detection systems outside of the pipeline. Although external leak detection technologies have existed for decades, a comprehensive solution that is widely applicable for both new and existing pipeline deployment still does not exist. The goal of PRCI project PL-1H was to evaluate the feasibility of interconnecting multiple underground Polymer Absorption (PA) hydrocarbon sensor nodes through a single cable that provides both power and data communication inductively to each node. Installing the cable alongside a pipeline would create a continuous underground sensor network that could detect the migrating hydrocarbons from the leak and therefore would have excellent sensitivity for underground hydrocarbon releases. PL-1H developed a comprehensive theoretical model of the cable, created a system topology, established manufacturability, and constructed a proof of concept that was tested under a variety of conditions. The results indicate that the cable concept is technologically feasible and could be practical. It was concluded that if commercialized, the solution could help prepare the industry for the future by delivering a new leak detection tool with small leak detection capabilities.
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Song Jin. Biodegradation of BTEX and Other Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Enhanced and Controlled Sulfate Reduction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/993833.

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Apitz, Sabine E. Fate of Complex Aromatic Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Marine Sediments: Biological Transformation, Degradation and Sequestration. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada401427.

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Vanderkooy and McAlary. PR-445-133727-R01 Vapor Plume Detection - Report Compilation and Summary. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010835.

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Detecting small leaks of liquid hydrocarbons from underground pipelines is difficult using currently available techniques. Hundreds of thousands of miles of aging pipelines run through North America alone and the incidence of small leaks is expected to increase as time goes on. This research was aimed at evaluating two alternative methods for leak detection: 1) monitoring petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) vapors at or above ground surface over the leaked product, or 2) using plants as visual sensors to indicate the presence of a leak below. Four reports were generated, including: 1) mathematical modeling of subsurface vapor transport and atmospheric dispersion, 2) comparison of the model simulations to empirical data, 3) a review of available portable sensing technologies to detect PHC vapors, and 4) a review of mechanisms and species of plants that could be used as pipeline leak sensors.
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Jiang, C., L. J. Pyle, and L. P. Gal. Organic geochemistry of petroleum hydrocarbons in Middle to Upper Devonian outcrop samples from Mackenzie Plain area. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/295194.

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Lacerda Silva, P., G. R. Chalmers, A. M. M. Bustin, and R. M. Bustin. Gas geochemistry and the origins of H2S in the Montney Formation. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329794.

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The geology of the Montney Formation and the geochemistry of its produced fluids, including nonhydrocarbon gases such as hydrogen sulfide were investigated for both Alberta and BC play areas. Key parameters for understanding a complex petroleum system like the Montney play include changes in thickness, depth of burial, mass balance calculations, timing and magnitudes of paleotemperature exposure, as well as kerogen concentration and types to determine the distribution of hydrocarbon composition, H2S concentrations and CO2 concentrations. Results show that there is first-, second- and third- order variations in the maturation patterns that impact the hydrocarbon composition. Isomer ratio calculations for butane and propane, in combination with excess methane estimation from produced fluids, are powerful tools to highlight effects of migration in the hydrocarbon distribution. The present-day distribution of hydrocarbons is a result of fluid mixing between hydrocarbons generated in-situ with shorter-chained hydrocarbons (i.e., methane) migrated from deeper, more mature areas proximal to the deformation front, along structural elements like the Fort St. John Graben, as well as through areas of lithology with higher permeability. The BC Montney play appears to have hydrocarbon composition that reflects a larger contribution from in-situ generation, while the Montney play in Alberta has a higher proportion of its hydrocarbon volumes from migrated hydrocarbons. Hydrogen sulphide is observed to be laterally discontinuous and found in discrete zones or pockets. The locations of higher concentrations of hydrogen sulphide do not align with the sulphate-rich facies of the Charlie Lake Formation but can be seen to underlie areas of higher sulphate ion concentrations in the formation water. There is some alignment between CO2 and H2S, particularly south of Dawson Creek; however, the cross-plot of CO2 and H2S illustrates some deviation away from any correlation and there must be other processes at play (i.e., decomposition of kerogen or carbonate dissolution). The sources of sulphur in the produced H2S were investigated through isotopic analyses coupled with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and mineralogy by X-ray diffraction. The Montney Formation in BC can contain small discrete amounts of sulphur in the form of anhydrite as shown by XRD and SEM-EDX results. Sulphur isotopic analyses indicate that the most likely source of sulphur is from Triassic rocks, in particular, the Charlie Lake Formation, due to its close proximity, its high concentration of anhydrite (18-42%), and the evidence that dissolved sulphate ions migrated within the groundwater in fractures and transported anhydrite into the Halfway Formation and into the Montney Formation. The isotopic signature shows the sulphur isotopic ratio of the anhydrite in the Montney Formation is in the same range as the sulphur within the H2S gas and is a lighter ratio than what is found in Devonian anhydrite and H2S gas. This integrated study contributes to a better understanding of the hydrocarbon system for enhancing the efficiency of and optimizing the planning of drilling and production operations. Operators in BC should include mapping of the Charlie Lake evaporites and structural elements, three-dimensional seismic and sulphate ion concentrations in the connate water, when planning wells, in order to reduce the risk of encountering unexpected souring.
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Lieberman, Stephen H., David S. Knowles, William C. McGrinnis, Michele Davey, and T. Hampton. Comparison of In Situ Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) Measurements of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soils with Conventional Laboratory Measurements. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada350643.

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