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Academic literature on the topic 'Petroleum industry and trade – China'
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Journal articles on the topic "Petroleum industry and trade – China"
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Huang, Xin, and Nan Jun Lai. "WTO Accession Brings Opportunities, Challenges to CNOOC and Corresponding Countermeasures." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 1492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.1492.
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China join in WTO means that China petroleum industry will be integrated into economic globalization also means that China petroleum industry will have a direct impact by market competition. As being Chinese’s largest offshore oil and gas producer, China National Offshore Oil Corporation must take active measures to deal with the opportunities and challenges brought by joining the World Trade Organization.
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Chen, Si-Yuan, Qi Zhang, Benjamin Mclellan, and Tian-Tian Zhang. "Review on the petroleum market in China: history, challenges and prospects." Petroleum Science 17, no. 6 (2020): 1779–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12182-020-00501-6.
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AbstractThe petroleum industry plays an essential role in driving China’s economic development. In the past few decades, several reforms in the petroleum industry have been implemented; however, there are still some issues that have not been resolved. Moreover, with the new-normal economy, the transition to green energy and international trade disputes, the petroleum market is also facing emerging challenges. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to review the historical development of China’s petroleum market, identify the current challenges and propose corresponding countermeasures for future prospects. As a conclusion, five main challenges are highlighted totally, namely lack of marketization, excess oil refining capacity, high external dependency, environment pollution and unstable international trading relationship. To address these challenges, it is encouraged to deepen petroleum market reform, accelerate the elimination of inefficient refining capacity, diversify oil supply sources, as well as improve domestic petroleum enterprises’ ability to resist price risks.
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Lin, Kun-Chin. "Protecting the petroleum industry: renewed government aid to fossil fuel producers." Business and Politics 16, no. 4 (2014): 549–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bap-2014-0019.
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The dual pressures of the global economic crisis in 2008 and high crude prices through the subsequent recovery period have prompted oil-producing countries to adopt a wide range of protectionist measures including subsidies in all forms and trade and investment restrictions. Focusing on fiscal and industrial policy adjustments in the UK and the People's Republic of China since 2008, this paper argues that both governments have sought an increase in tax contributions from the corporate sector in exchange for intensified, targeted support for specific capital investments that will address the challenges of overall decline in domestic oil production and new field exploration and oil recovery opportunities. These novel “rent-sharing” schemes – inadequately captured in recent academic debates over precise measurements of fuel subsidies – raise concerns for fair competition in the upstream market and politicians’ long-term commitment to the transitioning of energy mix toward green and renewable sources.
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Hanh, Nguyen Hoang Phuoc, and Tang Thi Bich Diem. "Legal Issues on Petrol and Oil Trading Activities – Experience from Singapore, China and Lessons for Vietnam." Vietnamese Journal of Legal Sciences 9, no. 2 (2023): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjls-2023-0009.
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Abstract With the ultimate aim of ensuring national energy security, Vietnam government issued Decree No. 83/2014/ND-CP dated September 3th, 2014 regulating petrolium and oil trading which later was amended by Decree No. 95/2021/ND-CP. The implementation of various decrees has significantly transformed the domestic petroleum market, enabling petrol and oil businesses to operate largely on market mechanisms under state oversight, with domestic gasoline prices flexibly and promptly adjusted in line with global trends as per government directives and legal provisions. The Ministry of Industry and Trade is presently seeking feedback on the draft Decree that proposes amendments and supplements to several articles of Decree No. 83/2014/ND-CP and Decree No. 95/2021/ND-CP. In this context, the authors concentrate on evaluating certain deficiencies in petrol trading activities highlighted in the Draft Decree, encompassing aspects like petrol and oil trading entities, retail pricing, and the petrol stabilization fund. Additionally, a comparative analysis with the regulatory frameworks of Singapore and China on these issues is conducted, aiming to offer suggestions for enhancements in Vietnam’s approach.
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СТЕПАНОВА, Е. В. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TOOLS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OIL AND GAS COMPLEX: CHINA AND RUSSIA." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 10(159) (December 4, 2023): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2023.159.10.020.
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Отношения России и Китая в сфере энергетики имеют многолетнюю историю и отличаются заметным развитием в последние годы. Особое значение отводится сотрудничеству в сфере нефтегазового бизнеса. В данной научной статье проводится сравнительный анализ инструментов развития и поддержки нефтегазового комплекса (НГК) Российской Федерации и Китайской Народной Республики в нестабильных рыночных условиях, а также обозначены основные направления двустороннего сотрудничества в нефтегазом бизнесе. Автор, анализируя объемы добычи и потребления нефти и газа в Китае, отмечает острый дефицит углеводородного сырья. В работе отражен резкий рост объемов импорта Китаем сжиженного природного газа (СПГ). Перечислены российско-китайские СПГ-проекты, обоснована их экономическая целесообразность. Автор отмечает возможные сценарий развития двусторонних отношений в сфере торговли углеводородами, а также рассматривает планы сторон по развитию энергетического взаимодействия в многосторонних форматах (БРИКС, ШОС, АТЭС). The development of the oil and gas sector has been a focal point in the long-standing relationship between Russia and China. Special importance is given to cooperation in the petroleum industry (oil and gas complex) between Russia and China. This scientific article provides a comparative analysis of the tools that are utilized for the development of the petroleum industry of the Russia and China in such volatile market conditions and outlines the main directions of bilateral cooperation in the oil and gas business. The author, analyzing the volumes of oil and gas production and consumption in China, notes an acute shortage of hydrocarbon raw materials. The paper reflects a sharp increase in China's imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG). Russian-Chinese LNG projects are listed, their economic feasibility is justified. The author notes possible scenarios for the development of bilateral relations in the field of hydrocarbon trade and considers the plans of the parties to develop energy cooperation in multilateral formats (BRICS, SCO, APEC)
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Zhang, Menghan, Suocheng Dong, Fujia Li, Shuangjie Xu, Kexin Guo, and Qian Liu. "Spatial–Temporal Evolution and Improvement Measures of Embodied Carbon Emissions in Interprovincial Trade for Coal Energy Supply Bases: Case Study of Anhui, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (2022): 17033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192417033.
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On account of the long-term dependence on energy trade and the phenomenon of embodied carbon emissions in interprovincial trade (ECEs-IPT), energy supply bases (ESBs) in the economic integration regions (EIRs) are under unprecedented dual pressure of achieving carbon emissions (CEs) reduction targets and ensuring security and stability of the energy supply. This problem has attracted more and more attention and research by experts and scholars. This paper took Anhui, the coal ESB of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB), as an example and took the key stage of rapid development of regional economic integration (REI) and accelerated the realization of CEs reduction targets in YREB from 2007 to 2017 as the study period. From the perspectives of regions and industry sectors, we calculated the transfer amount of ECEs-IPT in Anhui among the YREB, analyzed the spatial–temporal evolution pattern of ECEs-IPT, and revealed the industrial characteristics of ECEs-IPT. Then, we classified the industry sectors and proposed the direction of industrial improvement measures. The results showed that, during the decade, the amount of provinces undertaking the net ECEs-IPT outflow from Anhui increased significantly and spatially expanded from only Jiangxi Province to almost all of the YREB. In addition, 39.77% of the net ECEs-IPT outflow of Anhui was concentrated in petroleum processing, coking, and nuclear fuel processing (RefPetraol), metal smelting and rolling processing (MetalSmelt), and electricity and heat production and supply (ElectpowerProd) that trade with Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi. The analytical model and results will provide a useful reference for the global similar coal ESBs, especially the coal ESBs within the EIRs, to formulate improvement measures for regions or even the world to ensure stability of the energy supply and achieve regional CEs reduction targets.
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Dweik, Hassan. "The Plastic Industry worldwide and in Palestine." Al-Quds Journal for Academic Research 01, no. 1 (2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.47874/2021p9.
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A world without plastics or synthetic polymers can't be imagined today. The first synthetic plastics was produced in the beginning of the twentieth century, however industrial plastics production started in 1950. Production of plastic materials to day surpasses any other synthetic material with the exception of steel and cement. The share of plastics in municipal solid waste increased from 1% in the 1960 to more than 10% in 2005. Most monomers used today to make plastics such polyethylene (PE) or Polypropylene (PP), or polystyrene (PS) are produced from the petroleum industry and none is biodegradable, they accumulate in the environment and pose great threat and serious concern to humanity and to marine life. In 2010 approximately 8 Million Metric Ton (MT) of plastic waste entered the marine environment. Global production of polymers and fiber increased from 2 (MT) in 1960 to 380(MT) in 2015 a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.4% while the total production of polymers and fibers from 1960 – 2015 was estimated to be around 7800 (MT). China alone produces 28%, and 68% of world production of PP. Biodegradable plastics amount to only 4 (MT). Non fiber plastics production is (PE 36%, PP 21%), Polyvinylchloride PVC (12%) followed by polyethylene terphthalate PET, polyurethane, and polystyrene less than 10% each ,42% of plastics are used in packaging. Palestine show a fast-growing plastic industry though we import plastics worth 255 million US $ as reported in the United Nations International Trade Statistics (COMTRADE) in 2018, compared to US $200 Million imported in 2014. However, we were able to export to the world 66.3 million US $ worth of plastic materials added to that our export to Israel of plastic product worth 86 million US $, mostly packaging materials. Three important countries that export plastic materials to Palestine are Turkey. China and south Korea. Turkey alone in 2018 exported plastics worth 25 million $. The plastic industry in Palestine is among the largest industry. However, we still manufacture the traditional plastics for packaging. Our country needs to develop this industry and diversify the plastic products to meet the needs of the market such as automobile, electrical appliances, refrigerators, and many other industries.
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Belova, I. N., and A. S. Karimi. "The Role of Foreign Economic Relations in the Economies of Developing Countries Using the Example of Afghanistan." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 3 (March 18, 2024): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2403-05.
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This article examines the role of foreign economic relations in the economies of developing countries using the example of Afghanistan. The author presents a detailed analysis of Afghanistan’s foreign trade statistics from 2010 to 2022, highlighting trends and signifi cant changes in the country’s exports and imports. The article pays attention to the main positions of Afghanistan’s exports and imports, indicating their importance and contribution to the economic development of the country. In particular, areas such as petroleum products, services, cereals and products of the fl our and cereal industry, as well as food products and ferrous metals and products made from them are considered. Particular attention is paid to Afghanistan’s main trading partners, establishing their role and contribution to the country’s foreign economic activity. The article highlights that India, Pakistan and China are key export destinations where India holds a leading position. These data indicate the diversity of markets for Afghan products and create opportunities for developing trade relations with various regions. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of foreign economic relations for the economic development of Afghanistan and its potential in international markets. Foreign trade is a significant factor in attracting investment, developing economic sectors and improving the standard of living of the population of Afghanistan. The presented analysis of statistical data allows us to draw a conclusion about the need to strengthen and expand foreign economic relations for the further development of the country.
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Kassim-Momodu, Momodu, Abubakar Ali Chifwang, and Safiyyah Omorinsola Alimi. "An Unconventional Clarion Call for a New Energy Order: Is Covid-19 a Blessing for the Nigerian Energy Sector?" Global Energy Law and Sustainability 1, no. 2 (2020): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gels.2020.0019.
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The year 2020 commenced with the global spread of Coronavirus and COVID-19 disease from China to other parts of the world. It was declared a pandemic on May 11, 2020 with recorded cases in all continents except Antarctica. Nigeria recorded its first case of the virus on February 27, 2020 and it has been on a download slope from then on, with over 8,000 cases as at May 27, 2020. Without a doubt, the pandemic has had a number of effects on Nigerian. The national economy, financial and employment status of most citizens hang in uncertainty, health conditions have become a daily concern; amongst other issues plaguing the country in the face of the pandemic. The disruptions and uncertainties that occurred as a result of the pandemic was a hit to economies of the world. The challenges posed by the virus have expectedly thrown the global economy into a recession, the magnitude and duration of which the world is trying to decipher. The economic effects of the global crisis have been felt in different aspects of the economy, including reduced trade, financial flows, tourism and declining prices of oil, gas and other commodities. This paper will review the state of Nigeria's economy and the petroleum industry before Covid-19, the immediate and long-term impact of coronavirus pandemic on the economy and the petroleum industry, the legislative and executive actions consequent upon the pandemic. The paper will also determine whether the pandemic is a wakeup call to diversify the nation's energy mix and begin an energy transition to a new energy order to improve the economy and achieve decarbonisation in Nigeria.
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Miyazoe, Nobutaka, and Yoshihiro Hashizume. "MAJOR OIL SPILL RESPONSE PROGRAM OF THE PETROLEUM ASSOCIATION OF JAPAN." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (1995): 751–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-751.
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ABSTRACT The Petroleum Association of Japan (PAJ) has been implementing a major oil spill response program since 1991, supported and subsidized by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), from the viewpoint of contributing to a secure, stable oil supply for Japan. PAJ's program consists of the stockpiling and lending of oil spill response equipment, and research and development related to oil spills and response techniques. In the event of major oil spill incidents, PAJ will lend the equipment stockpiled at the base, free of charge, to government agencies or parties concerned upon their request, in order to minimize damages. Those parties who borrow the equipment bear the expense of transportation, deployment, cleanup, and repair. PAJ's purpose is to support initial response operations by supplying additional equipment. To stockpile and to release it, PAJ so far has four domestic and three overseas bases, with domestic bases in Chiba, Mizushima, Yokkaichi, and Niigata, and overseas bases in Julong East, Singapore; Port-Klang, Malaysia; and Al-Khafji, Saudi Arabia. The equipment installed includes oil skimmers (36 units), foamed flotation booms (16,000 m), inflatable booms (7,000 m) and portable tanks (56 units).