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Huang, Xin, and Nan Jun Lai. "WTO Accession Brings Opportunities, Challenges to CNOOC and Corresponding Countermeasures." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 1492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.1492.
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China join in WTO means that China petroleum industry will be integrated into economic globalization also means that China petroleum industry will have a direct impact by market competition. As being Chinese’s largest offshore oil and gas producer, China National Offshore Oil Corporation must take active measures to deal with the opportunities and challenges brought by joining the World Trade Organization.
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Chen, Si-Yuan, Qi Zhang, Benjamin Mclellan, and Tian-Tian Zhang. "Review on the petroleum market in China: history, challenges and prospects." Petroleum Science 17, no. 6 (2020): 1779–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12182-020-00501-6.
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AbstractThe petroleum industry plays an essential role in driving China’s economic development. In the past few decades, several reforms in the petroleum industry have been implemented; however, there are still some issues that have not been resolved. Moreover, with the new-normal economy, the transition to green energy and international trade disputes, the petroleum market is also facing emerging challenges. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to review the historical development of China’s petroleum market, identify the current challenges and propose corresponding countermeasures for future prospects. As a conclusion, five main challenges are highlighted totally, namely lack of marketization, excess oil refining capacity, high external dependency, environment pollution and unstable international trading relationship. To address these challenges, it is encouraged to deepen petroleum market reform, accelerate the elimination of inefficient refining capacity, diversify oil supply sources, as well as improve domestic petroleum enterprises’ ability to resist price risks.
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Lin, Kun-Chin. "Protecting the petroleum industry: renewed government aid to fossil fuel producers." Business and Politics 16, no. 4 (2014): 549–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bap-2014-0019.
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The dual pressures of the global economic crisis in 2008 and high crude prices through the subsequent recovery period have prompted oil-producing countries to adopt a wide range of protectionist measures including subsidies in all forms and trade and investment restrictions. Focusing on fiscal and industrial policy adjustments in the UK and the People's Republic of China since 2008, this paper argues that both governments have sought an increase in tax contributions from the corporate sector in exchange for intensified, targeted support for specific capital investments that will address the challenges of overall decline in domestic oil production and new field exploration and oil recovery opportunities. These novel “rent-sharing” schemes – inadequately captured in recent academic debates over precise measurements of fuel subsidies – raise concerns for fair competition in the upstream market and politicians’ long-term commitment to the transitioning of energy mix toward green and renewable sources.
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Hanh, Nguyen Hoang Phuoc, and Tang Thi Bich Diem. "Legal Issues on Petrol and Oil Trading Activities – Experience from Singapore, China and Lessons for Vietnam." Vietnamese Journal of Legal Sciences 9, no. 2 (2023): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjls-2023-0009.
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Abstract With the ultimate aim of ensuring national energy security, Vietnam government issued Decree No. 83/2014/ND-CP dated September 3th, 2014 regulating petrolium and oil trading which later was amended by Decree No. 95/2021/ND-CP. The implementation of various decrees has significantly transformed the domestic petroleum market, enabling petrol and oil businesses to operate largely on market mechanisms under state oversight, with domestic gasoline prices flexibly and promptly adjusted in line with global trends as per government directives and legal provisions. The Ministry of Industry and Trade is presently seeking feedback on the draft Decree that proposes amendments and supplements to several articles of Decree No. 83/2014/ND-CP and Decree No. 95/2021/ND-CP. In this context, the authors concentrate on evaluating certain deficiencies in petrol trading activities highlighted in the Draft Decree, encompassing aspects like petrol and oil trading entities, retail pricing, and the petrol stabilization fund. Additionally, a comparative analysis with the regulatory frameworks of Singapore and China on these issues is conducted, aiming to offer suggestions for enhancements in Vietnam’s approach.
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СТЕПАНОВА, Е. В. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TOOLS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OIL AND GAS COMPLEX: CHINA AND RUSSIA." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 10(159) (December 4, 2023): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2023.159.10.020.
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Отношения России и Китая в сфере энергетики имеют многолетнюю историю и отличаются заметным развитием в последние годы. Особое значение отводится сотрудничеству в сфере нефтегазового бизнеса. В данной научной статье проводится сравнительный анализ инструментов развития и поддержки нефтегазового комплекса (НГК) Российской Федерации и Китайской Народной Республики в нестабильных рыночных условиях, а также обозначены основные направления двустороннего сотрудничества в нефтегазом бизнесе. Автор, анализируя объемы добычи и потребления нефти и газа в Китае, отмечает острый дефицит углеводородного сырья. В работе отражен резкий рост объемов импорта Китаем сжиженного природного газа (СПГ). Перечислены российско-китайские СПГ-проекты, обоснована их экономическая целесообразность. Автор отмечает возможные сценарий развития двусторонних отношений в сфере торговли углеводородами, а также рассматривает планы сторон по развитию энергетического взаимодействия в многосторонних форматах (БРИКС, ШОС, АТЭС). The development of the oil and gas sector has been a focal point in the long-standing relationship between Russia and China. Special importance is given to cooperation in the petroleum industry (oil and gas complex) between Russia and China. This scientific article provides a comparative analysis of the tools that are utilized for the development of the petroleum industry of the Russia and China in such volatile market conditions and outlines the main directions of bilateral cooperation in the oil and gas business. The author, analyzing the volumes of oil and gas production and consumption in China, notes an acute shortage of hydrocarbon raw materials. The paper reflects a sharp increase in China's imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG). Russian-Chinese LNG projects are listed, their economic feasibility is justified. The author notes possible scenarios for the development of bilateral relations in the field of hydrocarbon trade and considers the plans of the parties to develop energy cooperation in multilateral formats (BRICS, SCO, APEC)
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Zhang, Menghan, Suocheng Dong, Fujia Li, Shuangjie Xu, Kexin Guo, and Qian Liu. "Spatial–Temporal Evolution and Improvement Measures of Embodied Carbon Emissions in Interprovincial Trade for Coal Energy Supply Bases: Case Study of Anhui, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (2022): 17033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192417033.
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On account of the long-term dependence on energy trade and the phenomenon of embodied carbon emissions in interprovincial trade (ECEs-IPT), energy supply bases (ESBs) in the economic integration regions (EIRs) are under unprecedented dual pressure of achieving carbon emissions (CEs) reduction targets and ensuring security and stability of the energy supply. This problem has attracted more and more attention and research by experts and scholars. This paper took Anhui, the coal ESB of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB), as an example and took the key stage of rapid development of regional economic integration (REI) and accelerated the realization of CEs reduction targets in YREB from 2007 to 2017 as the study period. From the perspectives of regions and industry sectors, we calculated the transfer amount of ECEs-IPT in Anhui among the YREB, analyzed the spatial–temporal evolution pattern of ECEs-IPT, and revealed the industrial characteristics of ECEs-IPT. Then, we classified the industry sectors and proposed the direction of industrial improvement measures. The results showed that, during the decade, the amount of provinces undertaking the net ECEs-IPT outflow from Anhui increased significantly and spatially expanded from only Jiangxi Province to almost all of the YREB. In addition, 39.77% of the net ECEs-IPT outflow of Anhui was concentrated in petroleum processing, coking, and nuclear fuel processing (RefPetraol), metal smelting and rolling processing (MetalSmelt), and electricity and heat production and supply (ElectpowerProd) that trade with Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi. The analytical model and results will provide a useful reference for the global similar coal ESBs, especially the coal ESBs within the EIRs, to formulate improvement measures for regions or even the world to ensure stability of the energy supply and achieve regional CEs reduction targets.
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Dweik, Hassan. "The Plastic Industry worldwide and in Palestine." Al-Quds Journal for Academic Research 01, no. 1 (2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.47874/2021p9.
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A world without plastics or synthetic polymers can't be imagined today. The first synthetic plastics was produced in the beginning of the twentieth century, however industrial plastics production started in 1950. Production of plastic materials to day surpasses any other synthetic material with the exception of steel and cement. The share of plastics in municipal solid waste increased from 1% in the 1960 to more than 10% in 2005. Most monomers used today to make plastics such polyethylene (PE) or Polypropylene (PP), or polystyrene (PS) are produced from the petroleum industry and none is biodegradable, they accumulate in the environment and pose great threat and serious concern to humanity and to marine life. In 2010 approximately 8 Million Metric Ton (MT) of plastic waste entered the marine environment. Global production of polymers and fiber increased from 2 (MT) in 1960 to 380(MT) in 2015 a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.4% while the total production of polymers and fibers from 1960 – 2015 was estimated to be around 7800 (MT). China alone produces 28%, and 68% of world production of PP. Biodegradable plastics amount to only 4 (MT). Non fiber plastics production is (PE 36%, PP 21%), Polyvinylchloride PVC (12%) followed by polyethylene terphthalate PET, polyurethane, and polystyrene less than 10% each ,42% of plastics are used in packaging. Palestine show a fast-growing plastic industry though we import plastics worth 255 million US $ as reported in the United Nations International Trade Statistics (COMTRADE) in 2018, compared to US $200 Million imported in 2014. However, we were able to export to the world 66.3 million US $ worth of plastic materials added to that our export to Israel of plastic product worth 86 million US $, mostly packaging materials. Three important countries that export plastic materials to Palestine are Turkey. China and south Korea. Turkey alone in 2018 exported plastics worth 25 million $. The plastic industry in Palestine is among the largest industry. However, we still manufacture the traditional plastics for packaging. Our country needs to develop this industry and diversify the plastic products to meet the needs of the market such as automobile, electrical appliances, refrigerators, and many other industries.
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Belova, I. N., and A. S. Karimi. "The Role of Foreign Economic Relations in the Economies of Developing Countries Using the Example of Afghanistan." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 3 (March 18, 2024): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2403-05.
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This article examines the role of foreign economic relations in the economies of developing countries using the example of Afghanistan. The author presents a detailed analysis of Afghanistan’s foreign trade statistics from 2010 to 2022, highlighting trends and signifi cant changes in the country’s exports and imports. The article pays attention to the main positions of Afghanistan’s exports and imports, indicating their importance and contribution to the economic development of the country. In particular, areas such as petroleum products, services, cereals and products of the fl our and cereal industry, as well as food products and ferrous metals and products made from them are considered. Particular attention is paid to Afghanistan’s main trading partners, establishing their role and contribution to the country’s foreign economic activity. The article highlights that India, Pakistan and China are key export destinations where India holds a leading position. These data indicate the diversity of markets for Afghan products and create opportunities for developing trade relations with various regions. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of foreign economic relations for the economic development of Afghanistan and its potential in international markets. Foreign trade is a significant factor in attracting investment, developing economic sectors and improving the standard of living of the population of Afghanistan. The presented analysis of statistical data allows us to draw a conclusion about the need to strengthen and expand foreign economic relations for the further development of the country.
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Kassim-Momodu, Momodu, Abubakar Ali Chifwang, and Safiyyah Omorinsola Alimi. "An Unconventional Clarion Call for a New Energy Order: Is Covid-19 a Blessing for the Nigerian Energy Sector?" Global Energy Law and Sustainability 1, no. 2 (2020): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gels.2020.0019.
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The year 2020 commenced with the global spread of Coronavirus and COVID-19 disease from China to other parts of the world. It was declared a pandemic on May 11, 2020 with recorded cases in all continents except Antarctica. Nigeria recorded its first case of the virus on February 27, 2020 and it has been on a download slope from then on, with over 8,000 cases as at May 27, 2020. Without a doubt, the pandemic has had a number of effects on Nigerian. The national economy, financial and employment status of most citizens hang in uncertainty, health conditions have become a daily concern; amongst other issues plaguing the country in the face of the pandemic. The disruptions and uncertainties that occurred as a result of the pandemic was a hit to economies of the world. The challenges posed by the virus have expectedly thrown the global economy into a recession, the magnitude and duration of which the world is trying to decipher. The economic effects of the global crisis have been felt in different aspects of the economy, including reduced trade, financial flows, tourism and declining prices of oil, gas and other commodities. This paper will review the state of Nigeria's economy and the petroleum industry before Covid-19, the immediate and long-term impact of coronavirus pandemic on the economy and the petroleum industry, the legislative and executive actions consequent upon the pandemic. The paper will also determine whether the pandemic is a wakeup call to diversify the nation's energy mix and begin an energy transition to a new energy order to improve the economy and achieve decarbonisation in Nigeria.
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Miyazoe, Nobutaka, and Yoshihiro Hashizume. "MAJOR OIL SPILL RESPONSE PROGRAM OF THE PETROLEUM ASSOCIATION OF JAPAN." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (1995): 751–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-751.
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ABSTRACT The Petroleum Association of Japan (PAJ) has been implementing a major oil spill response program since 1991, supported and subsidized by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), from the viewpoint of contributing to a secure, stable oil supply for Japan. PAJ's program consists of the stockpiling and lending of oil spill response equipment, and research and development related to oil spills and response techniques. In the event of major oil spill incidents, PAJ will lend the equipment stockpiled at the base, free of charge, to government agencies or parties concerned upon their request, in order to minimize damages. Those parties who borrow the equipment bear the expense of transportation, deployment, cleanup, and repair. PAJ's purpose is to support initial response operations by supplying additional equipment. To stockpile and to release it, PAJ so far has four domestic and three overseas bases, with domestic bases in Chiba, Mizushima, Yokkaichi, and Niigata, and overseas bases in Julong East, Singapore; Port-Klang, Malaysia; and Al-Khafji, Saudi Arabia. The equipment installed includes oil skimmers (36 units), foamed flotation booms (16,000 m), inflatable booms (7,000 m) and portable tanks (56 units).
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G, Shanmugam. "100 years of the Devine Teacher - Student relationship among the three Generations of Indian Geoscientists (1920s – 2020s): A remarkable Story of Knowledge transfer from T. N. Muthuswami Iyer “TNM” through A. Parthasarathy to G. Shanmugam and beyond." Journal of The Indian Association of Sedimentologists 1, no. 1 (2022): 2–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51710/jias.v1i1.221.
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The divine teacher-student relationship that covers 100 years of knowledge transfer is the underpinning of this remarkable personal story. Importantly, this narrative is about an Indian genius and a geologic pioneer, Professor T. N. Muthuswami Iyer, known as TNM. The first generation (1920s-1960s) TNM began his teaching career as a crystallographer and a mineralogist at the University of Madras-Gundy Campus (Chennai) in 1924, and continued at the Presidency College (Madras), Sager University (Madhya Pradesh), and Annamalai University (Tamil Nadu). One of his early students at Presidency was A. Parthasarathy, who later studied at the Imperial College in London (UK) and earned his Ph.D. in Engineering Geology from the London University (UL) in 1954. The second generation (1940s-1980s) Prof. Parthasarathy became the Head of Applied Geology section in the Civil Engineering Department at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay in 1964. The third generation (1960s-2020s) G. Shanmugam earned his B.Sc. in Geology and Chemistry from Annamalai University with a First Class (1965) and started teaching science in a local high school in his hometown of Sirkazhi, Tamil Nadu. TNM, who was the Head of Geology at Annamalai University in 1965, motivated G. Shanmugam to quit his teaching job and pursue M.Sc. in Applied Geology at IIT Bombay. Shanmugam earned his M.Sc. in Applied Geology at IIT Bombay under the guidance of Prof. Parthasarathy. Education and training at IIT Bombay propelled Shanmugam to receive his second M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in the USA. His Ph.D. research under the guidance of Prof. Kenneth R. Walker at University of Tennessee on Ordovician tectonics and sedimentation in the Southern Appalachians led to securing a research position with Mobil Oil Company in Dallas, Texas in 1978. Because of his global research on multiple domains while at Mobil and as post-retirement consultant since 2000 for oil companies in India and China, Shanmugam has to his credit 382 published works that include three Elsevier books on process sedimentology and petroleum geology, with the first two books were translated into Chinese language. He has authored 6 invited Encyclopedia Chapters for Elsevier and McGraw Hill Book Companies and has delivered 89 lectures worldwide during 1980-2021 period. He won the top "Special Prize" from Springer Journal of Palaeogeography in 2020 for "Excellent Papers" based on Science Citation Index (SCI) of five articles published during 2012-2018. Shanmugam's efforts in knowledge transfer during the COVID-19 global pandemic included giving virtual lectures on Zoom, Google Meet, and WebEx platforms to academia (e.g., Royal Holloway, University of London, IIT Bombay, and Ohio University). Shanmugam organized 23 onsite workshops on "Deep-water sandstone petroleum reservoirs" worldwide, which included (1) the UK Government Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), Edinburgh, UK, (2) Reliance Industries Ltd., Kakinada, India, (3) Hardy Oil, Chennai, India, (4) Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), Mumbai and Kajuraho, India, (5) Petrobras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, (6) Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED) of PetroChina, Beijing, China, and (7) China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China. The T. N. Muthuswami - A. Parthasarathy - G. Shanmugam lineage, spanning over 100 years, is unique and phenomenal in knowledge transfer among geoscientists. On the economic front, TNM and his lineages contributed directly to the petroleum, atomic mineral, cement, gemstone, and geothermal energy industries, among many others. The acronym "TNM" for T. N. Muthuswami Iyer is just perfect for a Transformational, Neoteric and a Motivating teacher and a noble soul!
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Khan, Abdullah M. "Trends in innovation activities in manufacturing industries across development echelons." International Journal of Business and Social Research 7, no. 6 (2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/ijbsr.v7i6.1057.
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<p>This empirical paper explores trends in innovation activities measured by a countries’ total patent application submission intensity relative to its population, and by analyzing U.S. granted patents data for cohorts of developed countries and developing countries. In addition to tabular and graphical analyses, I use a baseline regression model and a variant model thereof to assess the relative influence of a set of aggregate variables on innovation activities in eight manufacturing industries across two cohorts of countries (developed and developing) where each cohort contains eight individual countries. Eight industries included in this study are: Chemical, Petroleum, electrical and electronics equipment, machinery, pharmaceutical, plastic, computer, and textile. The cohort of developed countries includes Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United States. The cohort of developing countries includes Brazil, China, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, and Turkey. Per regression results, ethnic diversity is a statistically significant positive determinant of innovation for all industry aggregate patent count for both high income and developing countries. Also, per capita electricity usage, R&amp;D expenditure as percent of GDP, and percent of population with internet access are three positive factors of innovation irrespective of industrial subsectors and position of a country in the development echelon. Interestingly, impact of ICT-services export is statistically significant and innovation boosting in developing countries in the cohort relative to countries in the cohort of developed countries. It also appears that trade openness served as a stronger stimulant of innovation activities for developing countries’ but not as much for the cohort of developed or high-income countries. This paper attempts to extend the literature on cross-country comparison of innovation activities by using two measures of innovation activities across developed and developing countries, and by analyzing both aggregate and sector-level data for eight manufacturing industries both graphically and utilizing panel regression models. </p>
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Walls, W. D. "Petroleum refining industry in China." Energy Policy 38, no. 5 (2010): 2110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.06.002.
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Tian, Genlin, Qiaohui Lei, Weidong Lui, and Fang Li. "COLLOID CHEMISTRY IN PETROLEUM INDUSTRY IN CHINA." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 21, no. 4 (2000): 433–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932690008913279.
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Hu, Xiaoling, and Yue Ma. "International intra-industry trade of China." Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 135, no. 1 (1999): 82–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02708160.
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Hartwell, John. "2009 Release of offshore petroleum exploration acreage." APPEA Journal 49, no. 1 (2009): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08030.
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John Hartwell is Head of the Resources Division in the Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, Canberra Australia. The Resources Division provides advice to the Australian Government on policy issues, legislative changes and administrative matters related to the petroleum industry, upstream and downstream and the coal and minerals industries. In addition to his divisional responsibilities, he is the Australian Commissioner for the Australia/East Timor Joint Petroleum Development Area and Chairman of the National Oil and Gas Safety Advisory Committee. He also chairs two of the taskforces, Clean Fossil Energy and Aluminium, under the Asia Pacific Partnership for Clean Development and Climate (AP6). He serves on two industry and government leadership groups delivering reports to the Australian Government, strategies for the oil and gas industry and framework for the uranium industry. More recently he led a team charged with responsibility for taking forward the Australian Government’s proposal to establish a global carbon capture and storage institute. He is involved in the implementation of a range of resource related initiatives under the Government’s Industry Action Agenda process, including mining and technology services, minerals exploration and light metals. Previously he served as Deputy Chairman of the Snowy Mountains Council and the Commonwealth representative to the Natural Gas Pipelines Advisory Committee. He has occupied a wide range of positions in the Australian Government dealing with trade, commodity, and energy and resource issues. He has worked in Treasury, the Department of Trade, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the Department of Primary Industries and Energy before the Department of Industry, Science and Resources. From 1992–96 he was a Minister Counsellor in the Australian Embassy, Washington, with responsibility for agriculture and resource issues and also served in the Australian High Commission, London (1981–84) as the Counsellor/senior trade relations officer. He holds a MComm in economics, and Honours in economics from the University of New South Wales, Australia. Prior to joining the Australian Government, worked as a bank economist. He was awarded a public service medal in 2005 for his work on resources issues for the Australian Government.
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Moss, Diana L. "The Petroleum Industry, Merger Enforcement, and the Federal Trade Commission." Antitrust Bulletin 53, no. 1 (2008): 203–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x0805300112.
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Jan�en, Onno, and H. Thomas Feuerhelm. "Measurement uncertainty and trade: an example from the petroleum industry." Accreditation and Quality Assurance 8, no. 12 (2003): 576–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00769-003-0687-8.
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Rykunova, T. "Trade and investment opportunities in the petroleum industry of Russia." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 31, no. 3 (1995): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00723924.
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Shaallan, Dr Hisham Yas. "Economic Feasibility Study for Petroleum Projects (Practical Aspects)." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 3, no. 1 (2021): 26–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v3i1.62.
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An increasing importance is given to the Economic Feasibility Study of Petroleum Projects. The reason behind that is the critical role played by the Petroleum Industry in Society, Economy and Foreign Trade. In general, Petroleum Industry is involved with the Exploitation of Oil and Gas Resources to satisfy the country's needs (households and industrial sectors) and to export these resources, in order to, gain foreign currencies which are necessary for
 funding the country's social and economic requirements. Petroleum Projects have diversity features in terms of location, size, capital, technology and risks. On the Other hand, because of the importance of the Petroleum Industry, high significance should be given to the Economic Feasibility Study, especially the necessary of good knowledge of the nature of Petroleum Activities, Projects and Contracts, as well as the fundamentals of Advanced Feasibility Study.
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Tang, Yimin, and Yue Yu. "Development of the Petroleum Trading System and Countermeasures under the Trade Friction Between China and the US." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 48, no. 1 (2023): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/48/20230443.
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Since 2018, the trade relationship between China and the United States has gradually become tense. Under these circumstances, China has been impacted from many aspects. As one of the world's largest importers of crude oil, the impact of Sino-US trade friction on Chinas oil trade cannot be ignored. This thesis discusses the impact of Sino-US trade friction on China's oil trade system and analyzes the impact on oil trade after the outbreak of the Sino-US trade war, as well as the dilemma and countermeasure analysis brought by the trade war. This thesis begins with the background and causes of the trade friction between China and the United States. Through overviewing the development of China's petroleum trade system, this paper explores the impact of the U.S.-China trade friction on China's oil trading system, the dilemmas posed by the trade war, and proposes countermeasures. These experiences and suggestions have certain guiding significance for promoting the reform and development of China's oil trade system.
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ITO, TADASHI, and TOSHIHIRO OKUBO. "PRODUCT QUALITY AND INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE." Singapore Economic Review 61, no. 04 (2016): 1550106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590815501064.
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In this study, we argue that the conventional intra-industry trade (IIT) index does not directly address the quality issue and propose a methodology to make full use of unit price gap information to deduce quality differences between simultaneously exported and imported products. By applying this measure to German trade data at the eight-digit level, we study the quality change of Chinese export goods in its IIT with Germany. We compare the case of China with those of Eastern European countries, which are also major trading partners of Germany. Our results show that the unit value difference in IIT between Germany and Eastern European countries is clearly narrowing. However, China’s export prices to Germany are much lower than Germany’s export prices to China, and this gap has not narrowed over the last 23 years. This is at odds with the common perception that China’s product quality has improved, as documented by Rodrik [Rodrik, D (2006). Whats so special about China’s exports? China and World Economy, 14(5), 1–19.] and Schott [Schott, P (2008). The Relative sophistication of Chinese exports. Economic Policy, 53, 5–49.]. Our results support Xu [Xu, B (2010). The sophistication of exports: Is China special? China Economic Review, 21(3), 482–493.], which argued that incorporating the quality aspect of the exported goods weakens or even eliminates the evidence of the sophistication of Chinese export goods in Rodrik [Rodrik, D (2006). Whats so special about China’s exports? China and World Economy, 14(5), 1–19.].
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Wang, Feng-ting, Si-tong Liu, Bao-dong Cheng, Qin-er Jiang, Yuan Tian, and Li-chun Xiong. "How Can Intra-Industry Trade of Forest Products be Promoted? An Empirical Analysis from China." Forests 10, no. 10 (2019): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10100882.
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Understanding the evolution of the intra-industry trade of forest products between China and its main partner countries is a prerequisite for improving the flow of trade. The intra-industry trade status and the main influencing factors of Chinese forest products trade were measured and identified via use of bilateral forest product trade data between China and its 24 partners from 2000 to 2014, and use of static, marginal, and structural intra-industry trade indices. The results show that, firstly, intra-industry trade of the major Chinese forest products is exhibiting a low-level growth trend and has considerable growth potential. The top five countries with relatively high intra-industry trade levels are Italy, Germany, the United States, Vietnam, and Japan, and the bottom five are New Zealand, Chile, Brazil, Russia, and Spain. Secondly, the intra-industry trade among China and 13 countries, represented by South Korea, is low quality and vertical-type trade; the intra-industry trade among China and seven countries, represented by Thailand, is high quality and a vertical type of trade. Finally, the empirical analysis shows that trade openness and geographical distance are the key factors of intra-industry trade of forest products. The per capita gross domestic product gap, urbanization, foreign direct investment, forest area, and import and export value of forest products also have certain impacts on intra-industry trade.
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Che, Xingxiang, Xiangyi Yi, Zhaohui Dai, Ziwei Zhang, and Yun Zhang. "Application and Development Countermeasures of CCUS Technology in China’s Petroleum Industry." Atmosphere 13, no. 11 (2022): 1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13111757.
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Greenhouse gas emissions cause many global problems. Under the strong promotion of the government’s two-carbon goals policy, China’s petroleum industry is actively carrying out the application of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). The energy consumption and carbon emissions in China are reviewed, and the importance of the petroleum industry in the process of carbon emission reduction is clarified. The applications, advantages, and disadvantages of carbon capture, carbon utilization, and carbon sequestration technologies in China’s petroleum industry are summarized, respectively. The current challenges and risks faced by China’s petroleum industry in the operation of CCUS projects are analyzed, and corresponding suggestions are provided. This article aims to systematically provide references and help for the application of CCUS in China’s petroleum industry.
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Permata Sari, Revinda Yonita, Lilis Yuliati, and Siti Komariyah. "Intra-Industry Trade in Indonesia: A Case of the Textile and Textile Product Industry." Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship 4, no. 1 (2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jibe.v4i1.14416.
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Trade is one of the instruments driving the economy that has a great dependence on global dynamics. Several trade policies in Indonesia have been carried out to encourage the performance of export imports through various collaborations with Indonesia's largest trading partner countries such as China. The trade intensity that occurs in both countries is certainly expected to have an impact on the economy. This study aims to see the intra-industry intensity of trade, especially in the textile goods sector between Indonesia and China. The result shows that Intra-textile textile trade intensity between Indonesia and China, from 2000-2013 based on the ISIC 321 category (textile industry) obtained by Indonesia and China intra-industry trade, because the overall intra-industry trade index is 53.9%. Suggestion to the The government is expected to be able to boost the performance of exports and consumption of the domestic community, because so far Indonesia's economic growth has been driven more by the performance of exports and household consumption which is still quite strong; Policies regarding investment licensing must be further simplified and there is a guarantee of the availability of energy supplies for the textile industry machinery. The government must also try to increase investment in the textile industry sector especially to modernize old or worn machines so that the textile industry can expand production.
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Zhang, Jing, and Li Pan. "Analysis on Auto Intra-Industry Trade between China and the USA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 685 (October 2014): 702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.685.702.
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This paper conducts an empirical analysis on Sino-US intra-industry trade of auto industry by using the G-L index and classification index and finds that the level of Sino-US intra-industry trade of auto industry is relatively low. In addition, the quality of China’s auto is far more behind that of the USA in terms of intra-industry trade. Finally, this paper proposes some suggestions to further promote the development of Sino-US intra-industry trade of auto industry.
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Jin, Jihong, and Michael Steffens. "Factors Analysis of the Electronics Industry Trade Imbalance between the US and China." International Journal of Marketing Studies 7, no. 6 (2015): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v7n6p172.
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<p>The US and China trade imbalance is a highly debated topic, and cause of trade conflict between the US and China. One particularly strong area of the trade imbalance is the electronics industry, which as of the year 2013 represented more than 45% of the total trade balance, the largest subsection of any industry. In order to understand the macroeconomic factors influencing overall trade balance as well as trade balance in the Electronics Industry, this study uses Ordinary Least Squares Regression analysis model to examine how macroeconomic factors such as Exchange Rate, China GDP, US GDP, and CPI affect the trade balance. The results are then compared to an equivalent analysis on the electronics industry using factors such as China Electronics Industry Production, US Electronics Industry Production, Exchange Rate, and CPI. The findings are surprising, showing that the same factors that are traditionally strongly correlated with a change in the overall trade balance, actually have an opposite effect on the Electronics industry trade balance. This paper explores not only what macro economic factors cause the trade imbalances, but also why they happen.</p>
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Miao, Mingxun, and Liying Yang. "The Impacts of China-US Trade War on Chinese Industry." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 2 (November 6, 2022): 366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v2i.2387.
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The China-US trade war is one of the largest trade wars and has been a hot topic in the global economy since 2018. In this paper, we will explore the impact of the China-US trade war on Chinese industries by collecting and analyzing previous information. We find that the start of the US-China trade war will negatively affect three aspects of Chinese industry. At the same time, the China-US trade war has led China to carry out innovation and breakthroughs.
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Abboushi, Suhail. "Solar trade tariffs." Competitiveness Review 24, no. 1 (2014): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-06-2013-0061.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to survey the growth of solar energy worldwide, analyze US-China trade dispute in the solar industry, and evaluate the merits of US trade tariffs. Design/methodology/approach – The study surveyed archival data, publications by international organizations, government agencies, industry groups, and some academic research papers. Findings – Global demand for solar energy has been rising steadily and is projected to generate growing source of electric power. There is worldwide consensus that public support for solar industry in the development stages is necessary. The US Government provides generous support programs and subsidies to US solar industry. Accordingly, US punitive tariffs against China's solar industry on grounds of government subsidies are of questionable merit. Originality/value – This paper presents a concise profile of global solar energy and evaluates US trade policy toward China. The findings can be of value to government officials as they consider trade policies and their impact on the future of solar energy.
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Jian, Lingxiang, Tiantian Ding, and Wanyun Ma. "Research on China-EU equipment manufacturing Trade dependence in intra-industry specialization view." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (2022): e0278119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278119.
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As the foundation of the industrial economy, the equipment manufacturing industry takes an important position on the China-EU trade. Based on the analysis of the overall trend and structure of China-EU equipment manufacturing industry trade in 2007–2020, this article involves the construction of trade concentration into trade dependence metrics, and then calculate the degree of interdependence between China and EU equipment manufacturing trade in 2020. The perspective of the intra-industry specialization will be used to analyze China-EU equipment manufacturing trade dependency in 2020. The results show that: (1) Although China-EU equipment manufacturing trade has continued to grow, China had an imbalanced export structure to the EU, and electronic equipment exports are too high; (2) Regardless of import or export, the trade dependence of the EU countries on China about equipment manufacturing was higher than that of China on European countries; (3) China mainly depended on the EU about the high-end equipment manufacturing trade, which brings risks to Chinese manufacturing supply chains.
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Yue, Liu, and Yang Gaofei. "Analysis on the Promotion Effect of Logistics Industry Development on China Tobacco Foreign Trade." Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no. 5 (2021): 1724–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.5.97.
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Objectives: The international logistics market is very broad and the system is also very large and complex. It depends on international information science and technology, and has high requirements for standardization. International logistics can realize trade between countries. Its development puts forward higher requirements, higher standards and higher development for international transactions, This paper focuses on the impact of the development of the logistics industry on China tobacco foreign trade in order to promote the development of international logistics and provide practical significance for the globalization of China tobacco foreign trade. In the research, the methods of literature review and case analysis are used to analyze theimpact of the international logistics industry on China tobacco foreign trade. The results show that international logistics is conducive to the adjustment of China tobacco foreign trade demand and supply, mobilizing the international consumption flow, improving the national GDP, and allowing the economic cooperation of various countries to make each country together and interdependent. Therefore, the research on international logistics is conducive to international cooperation and exchange.By studying the development of the logistics industry, this paper analyzes the promotion of China tobacco industry foreign trade, improves the impact of the global tobacco industry on China tobacco trade deficit, and provides practical significance for the globalization of China tobacco trade.
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Tang, Xu, Bao Sheng Zhang, Ke Qiang Guo, and Lian Yong Feng. "Petroleum Industry’s Impacts on Government Tax Revenues of China: An Input–Output Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 3129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.3129.
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Petroleum industry has made tremendous contribution on the government tax revenues of China. A model is established to analyze petroleum industry’s impacts on government tax revenues of China in this study based on the Input-Output approach. Petroleum industry’s impacts on government tax revenues are divided into direct, indirect and induced impacts. The research results suggest that the total impacts of extraction of petroleum and processing of petroleum on government tax revenues in 2007 are 176.6 billion CNY and 404.0 billion CNY respectively; extraction of petroleum has more direct impacts on government tax revenues given one unit output added, processing of petroleum has more indirect and induced impacts.
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Chen, Tianhao. "The impact of the US-China trade war on China's vehicle and vehicle chip industry." BCP Business & Management 38 (March 2, 2023): 989–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v38i.3817.
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On 22 March 2018, US President Donald Trump signed a presidential memorandum on the 301- investigation, which will impose 25% tariff on specific Chinese goods. The trade war between China and the US officially started and during this time, several US measures influence China's vehicle industry and vehicle chip industry. This paper selects the China auto industry indexes, China Auto chip indexes and US dollar exchange rates from 6 months before the trade war to 24 January 2020.This paper uses VAR and ARMA-GARCH models to model and analyses the data, to study how the Chinese vehicle industry and vehicle chip industry have been affected by the US-China trade war, and to predict the future development of the Chinese vehicle industry and vehicle chip industry. This paper also suggests that in the current chip war between China and the United States, China can strengthen its technological development, strengthen trade exchanges with technological powers, and enhance exchanges with the United States to gain benefits.
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Trotman, Paul. "2021 Offshore petroleum exploration acreage release." APPEA Journal 61, no. 2 (2021): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20191.
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In 2020, the liquefied natural gas (LNG) trade saw a modest increase of 1%, which is in contrast to the strong growth of previous years. Recently, the global LNG trade has picked up following the easing of impacts from the pandemic and demand growth in Asia. An increase of 6% in the global LNG trade is expected in 2021 and 2022. Domestic demand for gas remains high, with gas being used both for residential supply and also as an essential feedstock for the manufacturing industry. With a projected domestic gas shortfall, the future exploration and development of oil and gas will play a key role in ensuring access to secure, reliable and affordable energy in the future as well as assisting economic recovery from the pandemic. The importance of remaining an attractive investment destination is essential. Our challenge is to not only strike the balance of being agile and adaptive to market disruptions but also provide robust policy and regulatory frameworks to underpin future investment in the sector. Against this backdrop, this paper provides details of the 2021 offshore petroleum exploration acreage release and information about the ongoing policy work of the department.
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Li, Ning, and Fang Fu. "International Comparison and Comprehensive Evaluation of Petroleum Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 63-64 (June 2011): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.63-64.285.
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Petroleum industry is a pivotal component of a country’s industry, which can provide fuel oil and gasoline to guarantee the running of the whole economy system. By using the history data of petroleum industry in different geographic nations, we can get the difference between countries. To measure the petroleum development level, we collected the corresponding data of petroleum production, consumption, oil export net, oil import net and refining capability of different nations. To calculate the using efficiency of different nations, the comprehensive evaluation named DEA is applied in this paper to in the view of multiple inputs and outputs system. By using the results of comprehensive evaluation and international comparison, the gap analysis between China and other nations are obtained as conclusions.
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Yang, Yuxin, Kexin Jiang, Liugu Zhou, and Jing Yan. "Influencing Factors and Path of China International Trade Logistics." Frontiers in Sustainable Development 2, no. 7 (2022): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fsd.v2i7.1323.
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Since the reform and opening up, China has increasingly moved towards the world, and all walks of life have been deeply integrated. Chinese products have gradually become international. At the same time, the rapid development of economy in the 21st century has also led to the popularity of international trade. On this basis, the international trade logistics industry, as an important implementation of international trade, has great research significance. The modern international trade logistics industry is a broader extension of the logistics field in space. To improve the level of international trade, China must accurately improve the international trade logistics capacity. This paper first introduces the development status of modern international trade logistics, then studies the influencing factors of the development of international trade logistics on this basis, and finally analyzes and concludes the research results in order to promote the vigorous development of China's international trade industry and improve the overall level of trade logistics coordination.
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Zhu, Qingyi. "The Impact of Sino-US Trade Friction on China's Manufacturing Industry." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 22, no. 1 (2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/22/20230201.
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Against the backdrop of rapid economic development and globalization, the trade environment for Chinas manufacturing industry to integrate into the global value chain has undergone changes. The trade frictions between China and the United States have escalated from time to time, and how to face the challenges has become a major issue. Based on the background of trade frictions between China and the United States, this article first introduces the current development status of Chinas manufacturing industry, and then conducts an in-depth analysis of the changes in international and domestic market demand for Chinas manufacturing industry. Secondly, it analyzes the part of the Entity List of the China-United States trade war that affects the Chinese market, and analyzes the impact of Sino-US trade friction on the integration of Chinas manufacturing industry and the global value chain. Finally, some suggestions are put forward for the Chinese manufacturing industry to cope with trade frictions between China and the United States, providing strategies for industry protection and the path to achieve the transition of the manufacturing industry in the global value chain.
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Fenghe, Zhang. "Measurement and Analysis of Agricultural Products Trade Level between China and Ukraine." Oblik i finansi, no. 4(94) (2021): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2021-4(94)-137-146.
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The analysis of intra-industry trade and inter-industry trade in international trade in different regions can fully explain the status of export trade and the advantages and disadvantages of products in different regions. The purpose of this research is to analyze the overall agricultural trade situation between China and Ukraine and the nature of the specific trade. To analyze agricultural import and export trade data between China and Ukraine, the author uses the Grubel-Lloyd index (intra-industry trade index) and the Brulhart index (the marginal inter-industry trade index in a specific period). The Grubel-Lloyd index measures the intra-industry trade of a particular product. The Brulhart index is closely related to that of intra-industry trade, that being the export and import of the same items, but concerns changes in exports and imports between two points in time as opposed to their values at a given point in time. The research is based on data for 2011-2020, which are contained in the UN Comtrade database. The research results show that agricultural trade between China and Ukraine is mutually beneficial. The difference in agricultural resource endowment and agricultural structure directly affects the trade of agricultural products between the two countries. The agricultural products exported from China to Ukraine are mainly unprocessed or primary processed agricultural products. Seafood, meat products, fruits, and vegetables account for a large proportion. The main imports are also primary processed agricultural products such as grains and vegetable oils. The agricultural product trade between the two countries is mainly based on intra-industry trade, and the difference in agricultural technology level is an important factor in determining bilateral agricultural exports.
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Clark, Don P. "Intra-Industry Specialization in United States–China Trade." International Trade Journal 27, no. 3 (2013): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2013.796838.
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GYAN, Kingsley Abeiku, and Xin WANG. "Influencing Factors of China-Africa Intra-Industry Trade." Journal of Applied Economic Sciences (JAES) 15, no. 16 (2020): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.57017/jaes.v15.4(70).06.
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Intra-industry trade (IIT) is prominent to have potential benefits to improve the economic prospects of countries and has gradually been pivotal in understanding developing countries’ trade, including those in Africa. This study evaluates the extent of IIT between China and 18 major African trading partners across 10 Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) industries, and examine the influencing factors of China-Africa IIT between the periods 2007 – 2018. Using a non-weighted Grubel–Lloyd index, the overall level of China-Africa IIT remains low but has certain level of potential between some partners. Among the 10 SITC classified industries, SITC 0 (Food and live animals), SITC 2 (Crude materials, inedible, except fuels), SITC 5 (Chemicals and related products, n.e.s.) and SITC 6 (Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material) had potential for IIT. In addition, the influencing factors of China-Africa IIT were examined using an improved gravity model estimated by Feasible Generalised Least Squares (FGLS) in a panel data framework. The main empirical regression model results reveals that, China’s IIT with major African trading partners are significantly influenced by gross domestic product (GDP), foreign direct investment (FDI), real exchange rate, trade intensity, distance, and landlocked countries. The study further reveals that, GDP and FDI boost China-Africa IIT whereas real exchange rate, trade intensity, distance, and landlocked depress IIT.
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Changbeom Kim. "Korea-China FTA and Trade Competitiveness of Agricultural·Fisheries Industry to China in Jeonnam Province: Comparative Advantage and Intra-Industry Trade." International Commerce and Information Review 15, no. 3 (2013): 327–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15798/kaici.15.3.201309.327.
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Li Yixuan and Li Lun. "Valuation analysis of China national petroleum corporation." Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews 10, no. 2 (2024): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/msarr.2024.10.2.0064.
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Oil is considered the lifeblood of several countries due to the political need to offer energy security. Moreover, world economies depend on the state’s supervision and control of oil prices. Thus, the relevant policies of oil companies are carefully formulated in conjunction with government policymakers. Hence, the valuation of oil enterprises is of great significance to global security and economic development. As traditional valuation models tend to underestimate petroleum enterprises, this study adopts the economic value added (EVA) model and incorporates environmental, social, and governance (ESG) indicators to ascertain a new absolute valuation indicator for China National Petroleum Corporationbased on the weighted average adjusted enterprise value, providing a new evaluation indicator for the petrochemical industry.
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Hiep, Nguyen Quang. "Vietnam-China Trade Relations and the Effects of the US-China Trade War." Business and Economic Research 9, no. 4 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v9i4.15201.
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By calculating the trade indexes (TII, RCA and IIT), mainly in the period 2001-2017, the article analyzes current situation of the dependent relationship and ability to complement each other on trade between Vietnam and China. The results show that Vietnam and China are increasingly becoming important trade partners of each other; Vietnam and China have a particular advantage in the export structure of its exports, showing the trade relations between the two countries are complementary to each other; and the level of intra-industry trade between Vietnam and China is quite high. The US - China trade war broke out will cause the reversal of the global trade environment. However, in short term, the trade context of the Vietnam - China less affected by this tension. But in the long term, the sanctions are expanded to different sectors will can have unpredictable effects.
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Yang, Yifan, and Lingzhi Li. "Research On the Influencing Factors of Pulp Import Trade in China." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 31 (May 21, 2024): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/2vxkns95.
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Paper industry is an important basic industry of the national economy, is recognized as "never exhausted" industry. In the 21st century, with the development of social economy, China has become the world's paper products consumer power. Since 2003, China's pulp imports ranked first in the world, and the gradually expanding trade deficit will not only have an impact on China's pulp industry, but also is not conducive to the sustainable development of import trade. Based on the production and consumption gap in China's pulp market, this paper analyzes the demand, scale and structure of pulp import trade, and then empirically analyzes the influencing factors of China's pulp import trade, and finally puts forward the suggestions for safeguarding the safety and interests of China's pulp import trade according to the research results.
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Gordienko, Dmitry V. "ASSESS REALIZATION OF THE COMMODITY POTENTIAL OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION OF OIL REFINING PRODUCTS, MINERAL NON-METALLIC PRODUCTS, METALLURGY PRODUCTS AND METAL WORKING IN THE ECONOMY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. Part 2. Assessment of the possibilities of the People's Republic of China to realize the commodity potential of import substitution." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 10/3, no. 130 (2022): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2022.10.03.005.
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In the context of the intensification of the struggle for leadership between the United States and China, the introduction of anti-Russian sanctions, the task of assessing the potential for import substitution of refined petroleum products, mineral non-metallic products, metallurgy and metalworking products in the economy of the Russian Federation becomes especially urgent for Russia. The article proposes an approach to assessing the prospects for expanding trade and economic ties between Russia and China based on statistical data, taking into account the introduction of anti-Russian sanctions. The proposed approach allows us to forecast the development of import substitution of refined petroleum products, mineral non-metallic products, metallurgy and metalworking products, as well as its impact on the economy of the Russian Federation. The results of the assessment of the prospects for expanding trade and economic ties between Russia and China in the context of relations between the countries of the "strategic triangle" Russia - China –USA can be used to assess the potential for import substitution of refined petroleum products, mineral non–metallic products, metallurgy and metalworking products in the economy of the Russian Federation and to substantiate recommendations to the leadership of our country. It is concluded that the People's Republic of China and other countries can realize the potential of import substitution of the studied types of products in the economy of the Russian Federation.
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Zhang, Ruihai. "Analysis of the reform of the petroleum industry management system and the construction of market mechanisms." Industrial Management Advances 2, no. 1 (2024): 6423. http://dx.doi.org/10.59429/ima.v2i1.6423.
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With China's reform and opening up, the marketing process of the petroleum industry is still lower than our national economy. Which the market mechanism in the oil industry plays a very important role, at the same time to the national economic development also laid the foundation. Under the background development of globalization, how to improve the oil supply capacity and the enterprise's own competitiveness become the the main research topics and directions, based on this, this paper analyses the management system and market mechanism in the petroleum industry by standing in the petroleum market in China. Laying the foundation for the improvement of the system.
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Xu, Daoshi. "The Impact of US-China Trade War and Protectionism--In Terms of China." BCP Business & Management 23 (August 4, 2022): 678–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v23i.1421.
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This paper focuses on the consequence of the trade war between China and the US on China's economy under trade protectionism policies. This paper first introduces the history of trade wars, the motives of trade protectionism and the status of the trade war. Based on the above background information, this paper explains that trade deficit is the core reason for the outbreak of sino-US trade war, and introduces in detail a series of economic and technological sanctions adopted by the United States against China. Based on the above information, the paper concludes the impact of the Sino-US trade war on China's economy. The trade war between China and the US has slowed down the development of China's economy, technology industry and financial market through a series of measures, including high tariffs, trade bans and technology monopolies, while also bringing high unemployment to China.
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FOKA, NGOHTEH RELINDIS MALAH Espouse. "Hurdles of Technology Transfer in Cameroon’s Petroleum Industry." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science IX, no. I (2024): 01–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2024.90101.
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Technology (know-how) is a vital tool for the advancement and sustenance of any country especially in its petroleum sector as huge capital and technology is required to carry out crude oil extraction. In almost all African countries possessing petroleum, extraction is by multinational oil companies owned by developed countries. This is due to the fact that they possess the required technology. As such, many of these African states have included local content requirements in their petroleum legislations and one of such policies is technology transfers to enable them learn to extract their own resources. But over the years, these African states have still been unable to extract their own resources because of the lack of or obsolete technology acquired. Consequently, they still turn to multinational oil companies who are protected by international standards restricting performance requirements. Thus the desire of Cameroon and many other Africa states to tap from foreign technology has to an extent been a failure. Technologies are grouped into tangible technology such as tools, parts and finished goods, and intangible technology including patents, know-how and trade secrets. The transfer of these technologies can be achieved bilaterally, multilaterally, through commercial or non- commercial means by the use of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) or licensing. Even though oil companies are not ready to part with their intellectual property (technology), Cameroon and many African states have hurdles preventing the assimilation, absorption and adaptation of their technology.
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Park, Do-Joon, and Shuzhi Liu. "Impact of COVID-19 on Korea-China Import and Export Trade and Countermeasures." International Academy of Global Business and Trade 18, no. 6 (2022): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.6.19.
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Purpose - This paper empirically investigates the changes and trends in export and import trade between Korea and China since 2000, especially after the establishment of Korea-China FTA and since the outbreak of COVID-19. This paper uses empirical analysis to determine the f uture t rade t ypes and t rends of import/ export trade between Korea and China and estimates the impact on import/export trade between Korea and China in the post-epidemic era.
 Design/Methodology/Approach - This paper first reviews the theories related to regional economic integration, sorts out the process of Korea-China FTA, and summarizes the changes and trends in import and export trade since COVID-19; second, it analyzes the current situation of bilateral trade between Korea and China using quantitative analysis, and investigates the specific impact of COVID-19 on Korea-China import and export trade using empirical analysis; finally, it summarizes the above studies, a conclusion is drawn, and policy recommendations are made to better utilize the challenges brought by COVID-19 to effectively address the problems that may be encountered in Korea-China trade and to promote the development of bilateral trade between the two countries.
 Findings - The global spread of the epidemic in Korea and China has led to the shutdown of both domestic and foreign operations, resulting in a foreign trade cliff effect in the short to medium term; the trade creation effect inspired by the international system dividend is no longer available in China in 2020, and the trade in goods is diminishing at the margin; the trade suppression effect is generated by the rise of international trade protectionism. The epidemic has led to a large upstream supply shortage pressure on the electronic information industry and the automobile manufacturing industry, and a large downstream demand shortage pressure on the energy industry and the electronic information industry.
 Research Implications - The establishment of Korea-China FTA will significantly promote bilateral trade between the two countries, change the trade and industrial structure of the two countries, and help to promote the development of the FTA strategy of the two countries; the outbreak of COVID-19 has changed the trade pattern and type, and the import and export of related epidemic prevention products as a new trade growth point and strengthened the trade market relationship between Korea and China.
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Yedilbayeva, L. I. "Programs for managing professional risks in petroleum and gas chemical productions." Neft i Gaz 140, no. 2 (2024): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37878/2708-0080/2024-2.17.
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The article considers hazardous production factors at workplaces in the oil and gas industry according to foreign studies and sources. The products of the oil and gas industry are in high demand everywhere as fuel or raw materials in the chemical and petrochemical industries. However, in the process of processing associated with their production, various categories of threats to technological safety and personal become the cause of accidents and occupational diseases. The data of the Federation of Trade Unions of the Republic of Kazakhstan on injuries in the petrochemical industry at the end of 2023, the experience of international and domestic companies in the petrochemical industry on preventive and rehabilitation measures in the event of labor injury and occupational disease are presented.