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1
Williamson, Paul E. "Managing technical advice for regulation : the case of petroleum exploration and production /." Canberra : University of Canberra, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au/public/adt-AUC20070820.123307/index.html.
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Thesis (PhD) -- University of Canberra, 2007.Thesis submitted to fulfil the requirements of the unit of Masters Thesis in Administration, and complete the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Administration, University of Canberra, July 2007. Bibliography: leaves 177-205.
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Beyazay, Odemis Basak. "To what extent and why has the relationship between international oil companies and oil services companies changed in recent years and what are the implications for the nature of the firm?" Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608171.
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Buchanan, William K. "Market Timing, Forecast Ability and Information Flow in Petroleum Futures Markets." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278807/.
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Three petroleum futures contracts are examined over a ten-year period from 1986 to 1996. Intertemporal changes in futures prices and the net open interest positions of three trader types are compared to determine what, if any, market timing ability the traders have. Seasonal variation is considered and a simple trading rule is adopted to determine the dollar-return potential for market participation and
shed light on issues of market efficiency.
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Almtairi, Naief M. "Development of Oil and Societal Change in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc503872/.
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Before the discovery of oil Saudi Arabia's economic structure was limited, and the majority of the population was engaged in herding and agriculture. Social life was also very simple. The Saudi economy has made tremendous strides since commercial oil production began in 1938. A series of national development plans was formulated, and the government has devoted considerable attention to the improvement of education, the Bedouin lifestyle, and many other aspects of society. Chapter I of this thesis presents background information about Saudi Arabia, and Chapter II outlines the development of its oil resources. Chapters III, IV, and V describe Saudi Arabia's family life, its educational system, and its nomads. Chapter VI offers a summary and suggestions for enhancing future development in the kingdom.
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Estrada, Michael. "The oil industry's ability to affect American elections /." View online, 2007. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/208/.
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Wayland, Robert F. (Robert Franklin). "Criteria by Which Ad Hoc Labor Arbitrators are Selected by Union and Management Advocates in the Petroleum Refining Industry." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331537/.
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A non-experimental, descriptive study was conducted to examine the criteria by which ad hoc labor arbitrators are selected in the petroleum refining industry. Three factors — arbitrator background, recognition, and arbitration practice — were examined to determine their relative importance to advocates selecting ad hoc labor arbitrators. The population of the study consisted of management and labor union advocates in the petroleum refining industry who routinely select ad hoc labor arbitrators.
Participating management and union advocates completed a questionnaire used to gather respondents' evaluations of criteria considered in the selection of ad hoc arbitrators. Responses to statements designed for measuring relative importance of the criteria considered were recorded. Descriptive statistics, discriminant analysis, and tests of significance were used in the treatment of the data.
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Akon, Yamga Gordon. "Oil in Ghana: a curse or not? Examining environmental justice and the social process in policymaking." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157653/.
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There is great expectation that oil development in Ghana will catapult the nation towards prosperity and lead to drastic improvement in the wellbeing of Ghanaians. However, there is also concern that Ghana could fail to achieve these due to the resource curse notwithstanding the fact that scholars of the curse have yet to agree on the inevitability of the curse. Resource curse scholars adduce different reasons for its occurrence or absence. One thing common among the scholars, however, is that none discusses environmental justice in the context of the curse. In this dissertation, I examine Ghana's attempts at avoiding the resource curse through policymaking and implementation using the Guidelines on Environmental Assessment and Management of Ghana's offshore oil sector as a case study. I argue that a strong environmental justice frame is required to avert the curse in Ghana. Specifically, I assess the policy process in Ghana's oil sector, the institutional framework for managing the sector, and analyze the perception of environmental justice for policymaking. The outcome of these assessments show that although the policy process requires broadening for full and effective participation, Ghana has checks and balances policies to avert the resource curse and to deliver environmental justice in the oil sector. In addition, Ghana has an institutional framework that requires strengthening, in various way, in order for it to complement the checks and balances policies
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Glass, Deborah Catherine, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Exposure estimation, uncertainty and variability in occupational hygiene retrospective assessment." Deakin University. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 1999. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051017.142634.
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This thesis reports on a quantitative exposure assessment and on an analysis of the attributes of the data used in the estimations, in particular distinguishing between its uncertainty and variability.
A retrospective assessment of exposure to benzene was carried out for a case control study of leukaemia in the Australian petroleum industry. The study used the mean of personal task-based measurements (Base Estimates) in a deterministic algorithm and applied factors to model back to places, times etc for which no exposure measurements were available. Mean daily exposures were estimated, on an individual subject basis, by summing the task-based exposures. These mean exposures were multiplied by the years spent on each job to provide exposure estimates in ppm-years. These were summed to provide a Cumulative Estimate for each subject.
Validation was completed for the model and key inputs.
Exposures were low, most jobs were below TWA of 5 ppm benzene. Exposures in terminals were generally higher than at refineries. Cumulative Estimates ranged from 0.005 to 50.9 ppm-years, with 84 percent less than 10 ppm-years.
Exposure probability distributions were developed for tanker drivers using Monte Carlo simulation of the exposure estimation algorithm. The outcome was a lognormal distribution of exposure for each driver. These provide the basis for alternative risk assessment metrics e.g. the frequency of short but intense exposures which provided only a minimal contribution to the long-term average exposure but may increase risk of leukaemia.
The effect of different inputs to the model were examined and their significance assessed using Monte Carlo simulation. The Base Estimates were the most important determinant of exposure in the model. The sources of variability in the measured data were examined, including the effect of having censored data and the between and within-worker variability. The sources of uncertainty in the exposure estimates were analysed and consequential improvements in exposure assessment identified.
Monte Carlo sampling was also used to examine the uncertainties and variability associated with the tanker drivers' exposure assessment, to derive an estimate of the range and to put confidence intervals on the daily mean exposures. The identified uncertainty was less than the variability associated with the estimates.
The traditional approach to exposure estimation typically derives only point estimates of mean exposure. The approach developed here allows a range of exposure estimates to be made and provides a more flexible and improved basis for risk assessment.
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Mobus, Janet Luft. "Environmental Accounting: The Relationship Between Pollution Performance and Economic Performance in Oil and Gas Refineries." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279042/.
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A research study is undertaken to determine if economic incentives exist for noncompliance with regulatory standards, and if accounting related disclosure of regulatory enforcement actions is a determinant of environmental performance.
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Campbell, Alan D. "An Analysis of Smoothing of Proved Oil and Gas Reserve Quantities and an Analysis of Bias and Variability in Revisions of Previous Estimates of Proved Oil and Gas Reserve Quantities." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331283/.
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The purpose of this study is to determine whether oil and gas producing companies smooth their ending reserve quantities. Smoothing is defined as a reduction in variance in the trend of ending reserve quantities over time compared to the trend of ending reserve quantities less the hypothesized smoothing variable over time. This study focuses on two variables that are most susceptible to manipulation—revisions of previous estimates and additions. This study also examines whether revisions are positively or negatively biased and the variability of the revisions. The sample consists of 70 companies chosen from oil & Gas Reserve Disclosures: 1980-1984 Survey of 400 Public Companies by Arthur Andersen and Company. For each company, ending reserve quantities for the years 1978-1984 were regressed over time, and the standard deviation of the estimate (SDE) was calculated. Then the ending reserve quantities less the hypothesized smoothing variable were regressed over time, and the SDE was calculated. A linear model and a semi-logarithmic model were used. A smoothing ratio (SR) was determined by dividing the SDE of reserves less the hypothesized smoothing variable by the SDE of ending reserve quantities. An SR greater than one indicates smoothing, and an SR less than one indicates that smoothing did not occur. The mean percentage revision and a t-test were used to test for positive or negative bias in the revisions. The mean absolute percentage revision was used to assess the relative variability of revisions. The number of companies classified as smoothers of oil reserves was statistically significant for the semi-logarithmic model but not for the linear model. Under both models the number of companies classified as smoothers of gas reserves was statistically significant. Few companies had mean percentage revisions that were significantly different from zero. The majority of companies had mean absolute revisions of under ten percent.
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Xu, He. "Crude Oil and Crude Oil Derivatives Transactions by Oil and Gas Producers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5106/.
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This study attempts to resolve two important issues. First, it investigates the diversification benefit of crude oil for equities. Second, it examines whether or not crude oil derivatives transactions by oil and gas producers can change shareholders' wealth. With these two major goals in mind, I study the risk and return profile of crude oil, the value effect of crude oil derivatives transactions, and the systematic risk exposure effect of crude oil derivatives transactions. In contrast with previous studies, this study applies the Goldman Sachs Commodity Index (GSCI) methodology to measure the risk and return profile of crude oil. The results show that crude oil is negatively correlated with stocks so adding crude oil into a portfolio with equities can provide significant diversification benefits for the portfolio. Given the diversification benefit of crude oil mixed with equities, this study then examines the value effect of crude oil derivatives transactions by oil and gas producers. Differing from traditional corporate risk management literature, this study examines corporate derivatives transactions from the shareholders' portfolio perspective. The results show that crude oil derivatives transactions by oil and gas producers do impact value. If oil and gas producing companies stop shorting crude oil derivatives contracts, company stock prices increase significantly. In contrast, if oil and gas producing companies start shorting crude oil derivatives contracts, stock prices drop marginally significantly. Thus, hedging by producers is not necessarily good. This paper, however, finds that changes in policy regarding crude oil derivatives transactions cannot significantly affect the beta of shareholders' portfolios. The value effect, therefore, cannot be attributed to any systematic risk exposure change of shareholders' portfolios. Market completeness, transaction costs, and economies of scale are identified as possible sources of value effect. The following conclusions have been obtained in this study. Crude oil provides significant diversification benefits for equities. In the presence of market imperfections, crude oil derivatives transactions by oil and gas producers may change shareholders' wealth, even though crude oil derivatives transactions by oil and gas producers do not have significant effect on the systematic risk exposures of companies.
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Spear, Nasser A. (Nasser Abdelmonem). "The Information Content of Supplemental Reserve-Based Replacement Measures Relative to that of Historical Cost income and its Cash and Accrual Components of Oil and Gas Producing Companies." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277915/.
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This study examined whether three reserve-based quantity replacement measures and three reserve-based value replacement measures have incremental information content beyond that of historical earnings and its cash and accrual components. This study also examined whether the cash and accrual
components of earnings have incremental information content beyond that of earnings.
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Barton, Mica Waggoner. "A Rhetorical Analysis of Major Oil Companies' Advertisements in 1990 : A Semiotic Approach." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279180/.
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This study demonstrates how discourse is used to construct popular myths. This study analyzes magazine advertisements used by businesses in overcoming the rhetorical problem posed by a public opinion that blamed them for environmental problems. This study shows how businesses used advertisements to construct a popular myth that businesses were doing their part in overcoming the environmental crisis.
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Seley, Joan Bonness. "Texas Energy Banks: Problems and Prospects." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331034/.
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The forces that shaped banking practices in the late 1970s and which fostered attempts by the banks to rapidly expand their markets are examined. Why, and to what extent, the Texas energy banks committed themselves to the oil industry in those years, as well as the effects of the oil industry's four-and-one-half year decline on the banks' financial strength is detailed. How banks structured loans to various energy borrowers and why these borrowers lost their ability to service their debts is analyzed. The changes that the Texas banks' painfully learned lessons will bring about in energy and other specialized lending is considered.
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Kurdi, Ammr. "Regulation and Political Costs in the Oil and Gas Industry: An Investigation of Discretion in Reporting Earnings and Oil and Gas Reserves Estimates." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30481/.
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This study investigates the use of discretion by oil and gas companies in reporting financial performance and oil and gas reserve estimates during times of high political scrutiny resulting from increases in energy prices. Hypotheses tested in prior literature state that companies facing the risk of increasing taxes or new regulations reduce reported earnings to reduce this risk. This study uses a measure of high profitability (rank order of return on assets relative to industry peers) to identify oil and gas companies more likely to manage earnings during the period from 2002 to 2008. Two measures of discretionary accruals (total and current discretionary accruals), and a measure of discretionary depreciation, depletion, and amortization (DDA) were used as indicators of discretion exercised in reporting earnings. Data on oil and gas reserve disclosures was also hand-collected from Forms 10-K to investigate whether managers use reserve estimate revisions to reduce reported earnings through increasing the annual depletion expense. Results suggest that both oil and gas refining and producing firms use negative discretionary accruals to reduce reported earnings. Results also indicate that profitability is an important determinant of the use of negative discretionary accruals by these companies regardless of the time period examined. There is also evidence that oil and gas producing firms opportunistically revise their oil and gas reserve estimates to increase depreciation, depletion, and amortization expense during periods of high oil prices.
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AlDiab, Taisier F. (Taisier Fares). "The Impact of the Ceiling Test Write-off on the Security Returns of Full Cost Oil and Gas Firms." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278045/.
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Clark, Bradley. "Discovery of Resources and Conflict in the Interstate System, 1816-2001." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28406/.
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This study tests a theory detailing the increased likelihood of conflict following an initial resource discovery in the discovering nation and its region. A survey of prior literature shows a multitude of prior research concerning resources and nations' willingness to initiate conflict over those resources, but this prior research lacks any study concerning the effects of the discovery of resources on interstate conflict. The theory discusses the increased likelihood of conflict in the discovering nation as both target and initiator. It further looks at the increased chance of conflict in the discoverer's region due to security dilemmas and proxy wars. The results show strong support for the theory, suggesting nations making new resource discoveries must take extra care to avoid conflict.
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Bourdieu, Jérôme. "Anticipations et ressources finies : le marché pétrolier américain dans l'entre-deux-guerres /." Paris : Éd. de l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb361573091.
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Texte remanié de: Th.--Sci. écon.--Paris--EHESS, 1993. N°: 93EHES0037. Titre de soutenance : Ressources non renouvelables et raréfaction : le cas du marché pétrolier américain, 1910-1940.Bibliogr. 201-213.
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Eldahrawy, Kamal. "An Empirical Investigation of the Discriminant and Predictive Ability of the SFAS No. 69 Signals for Business Failure in the Oil and Gas Industry." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330893/.
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In 1982, the Financial Accounting Board (FASB) issued Statment of Financial Accounting Standards No. 69 (SFAS No. 69) which required oil and gas producing companies to disclose supplementary information to the basic financial statements. These disclosures include, costs incurred, capitalized costs, reserve quantities, and a standardized measure of discounted cash flows. The FASB considered these disclosures to be necessary to compensate for the deficiencies in historical cost financial statements. The usefulness of the new signals created by SFAS No. 69, however, is an empirical question and research regarding that objective is lacking. The objective of the study is to test the usefulness of SFAS No. 69. The research strategy used to achieve that objective is to compare the discriminant and predictive power of SFAS No. 69 signals or SFAS No. 69 signals combined with financial signals to that of financial signals alone. The research hypothesized that SFAS No. 69 signals by themselves or as supplmentary to financial signals have more discriminant and predictive ability for business failure in oil and gas industry than do financial signals alone. In order to test that hypothesis, the study used the multiple discriminant analysis technique (MDA) to develop three equations. The first is based on SFAS NO. 69 signals, the second on financial statement signals, and the third on joint financial and SFAS No. 69 signals. Data were collected from the 10-K's arid the annual reports of 28 oil and gas companies (14 failed and 14 nonfailed). The analysis was repeated for four time bases, one year before failure, two years before failure, three years before failure, and the average of the three years immediately before failure. After assessing the discriminant and predictive ability of each equation in the four time bases, a t-test was used to determine a significant difference in the discriminant and predictive power existed between SFAS No. 69 signals or SFAS No. 69 signals combined with financial signals and financial signals alone. The study concluded that SFAS No. 69 signals by themselves or as supplementary to financial statements have more discriminant and predictive power for business failure than financial signals alone in the analyses of the third year before failure and of the average of three years before failure. The study, however, found no significant difference in the discriminant and predictive ability in the analyses of one year and two years before failure. The results indicated that SFAS No. 69 signals are useful for financial report users in detecting the deterioration of the financial position of an oil and gas company before failure.
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Tucci, Jack E. (Jack Eugene). "The Influence of Change in Organizational Size, Level of Integration, and Investment in Technology on Task Specialization." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278514/.
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Major changes in organizational structural paradigms have been occurring. Recent journal articles propose that the older philosophies of expanding organizations and increasing internal specialization are no longer viable means to enhance competitiveness as espoused in earlier journal articles. Downsizing, rightsizing, and business process reengineering have all been used as methods of accomplishing organizational work force reduction (OWFR) and enhancing organizational posture.
It has been established that as organizations grow, specialization increases. Causes for OWFR have not been established nor have effects upon structure been studied. Previous structural factor studies have focused upon organizations engaged in end-game strategies done during periods of internal and economic growth. This study evaluates the impacts of OWFR and its relationship to the structural factor of specialization during a non-munificent economic period.
Three independent variables, dis-integration, change in the number of employees, and change in technology, were used as measures to determine whether specialization decreased when organizations downsized. The dependent variable, specialization, was obtained through a pre-tested questionnaire. The three independent variables were obtained using the Compustat data base as a secondary source of information. The Compustat data was verified using data from Compact Disclosure.
Questionnaires were mailed to fifty-one fully integrated oil companies. Forty were returned after three mailings yielding a response rate of seventy-eight percent. The unit of analysis for the data collected was the firm. The data were analyzed using multiple regression to determine the strength of the relationship between the variables. Results indicate a significant relationship between two of the independent variables and the dependent variable: dis-integration and specialization and change in the number of employees and specialization. Findings were insignificant for the third independent variable and the dependent variable: change in technology and specialization. Analysis of the quantitative results and the qualitative responses of the participants show that dis-integration and a change in the number of employees are both useful for measuring structural change for organizations engaged in organizational work force reduction.
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Kellison, James Bruce. "Siberian crude : the political economy of the Russian oil sector, 1970-1998 /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Mokabiri, Goabaone. "Customer loyalty towards brands within Botswana's petroleum industry." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/994.
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Thesis (MTech(Business Administration)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009.The retail and distribution industry in Botswana's deregulated economy is one of the largest and most difficult sectors in which to operate, mainly because of levels of competition amongst Botswana companies and the global competitive industry, in general. Hill (2000:539) postulates that competition in free market economies generally tends to be tense depending on differences between distribution systems such as retail concentration, channel length and channel exclusivity. At the same time the retail industry grapples with other complex social and structural problems as they face ever increasing marketing problems that relate to attracting and maintaining customers (Luh, 2006:1). In view of the intense competition, it is more expensive to obtain a new customer than to retain and maintain an existing customer. Consequently, retailers should develop competitive and sustainable ways to maintain the customers that they have and should develop strategies to retain any new customers that the business acquires (Naylor and Frank, 2000:37). Botswana practices a free market and a heavily deregulated economy, which causes an increase in competition (Luh, 2006:1) and creates greater expectations from customers in pursuit of satisfaction and value (Peter and Donnelly, 2007:179) for their money. In Botswana, petrol and diesel prices are regulated by government, there is therefore no competition between the rivals based on prices. The competition landscape therefore shifts to amongst others, namely; service provision, location of the petrol station, and fuel brand in general. Petrol and diesel retail outlets should focus on areas of operations that will give them a sustainable competitive advantage over their competitors without altering the price of products. Mehta, Lalwani and Li Han (2000:21) posit that increased competition between retail businesses forces rivals to focus on good customer service as the only critical factor in the operation of their business (Zairi, 2000: 332). Customer loyalty is therefore, the most effective way to keep customers and to maintain profitability through repeated purchases (Luh, 2006:2). Loyalty is used to describe the behaviour of repeat customers, their ratings of the business, positive testimonials, and business from existing customers, as well as overall perception, about the business from the existing customers. The study focuses on the petroleum industry in an environment where there are several competitors, relative .to the size of the country, offering goods and services that are close substitutes. The industry in Botswana is characterised by five competitors that offer heavily substitutable products (BP Report, 2006:1-4). These rivals are BP, Shell, Caltex, Engen and Total.
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Chapman, James Lawson. "The modern great game in Central Asia oil, terrorism, and human rights /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2006. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12152006-214828/.
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Tait, Hennie Leon. "Adapting retail business models for the petroleum industry." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1110.
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Deregulation as an open market system is likely to be implemented in the Petroleum industry of South Africa. To secure the success of the retail petroleum industry by means of business and job opportunities one has to investigate the current evolution of the industry and what factors will have a measurable impact on the retail petroleum industry.
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Nimpongsak, Rachadapon. "Thai petroleum concession contract proposal for revision /." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted: no access until March 27, 2014, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25981.
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Venugopal, Sajith Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "The economics of petroleum exploration and development in India." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Petroleum Engineering, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23410.
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This thesis provides the background to and an analysis of the economics of exploring for and developing oil and gas discoveries in India. It is aimed at helping the oil and gas industry assess the financial attractiveness of investment in that country. The thesis describes the geography, climate, infrastructure, and energy market with an emphasis on how these affect upstream oil and gas industry investment. A detailed description and analysis is given of the petroleum production sharing contract ("PSC") terms embodied in India's New Exploration Licensing Policy ("NELP"), and demonstrates that, depending on negotiations, Government Take under NELP terms is likely to be in the range 50% to 60% for a stand-alone petroleum development. However, PSC terms are regressive for marginal discoveries. In particular, State royalties might hinder the development of small or marginal discoveries and render them uneconomic. As an illustration, depending on the oil price, up to 6 MMbbls of oil in otherwise economically viable small fields in a geological basin might be made uneconomic and left stranded because of the effect of royalties. The thesis also analyses the economics of developing a sample of actual Indian oil and gas fields offshore the east and west coasts of the country in shallow and deep water. Onshore field developments are not analysed because of lack of data. All of the offshore developments analysed are profitable based on past and current economic conditions and knowledge. The majority are also relatively low-risk investments. Finally, the thesis evaluates the profitability of new oil and gas exploration and development offshore the east and west coasts of India. The required minimum size of new exploration prospects are in the range 10 to 17 MMbbls for oil prospects and 138 to 1,100 Bcf for gas prospects assuming a low probability of success. Once a new discovery is made, the required minimum economically developable reserves are 4 to 12 MMbbls for oil discoveries and 63 to 1,400 Bcf for gas discoveries.
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Smith, Benjamin B. "Hard times in the land of plenty : oil wealth and opposition in late developing states /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10789.
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Kazemi, Yasaman. "Modeling Petroleum Supply Chain: Multimodal Transportation, Disruptions and Mitigation Strategies." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25830.
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The petroleum industry has one of the most complex supply chains in the world. A unique characteristic of Petroleum Supply Chain (PSC) is the high degree of uncertainty which propagates through the network. Therefore, it is necessary to develop quantitative models aiming at optimizing the network and managing logistics operations.
This work proposes a deterministic Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) model for downstream PSC to determine the optimal distribution center (DC) locations, capacities, transportation modes, and transfer volumes. Three products are considered in this study: gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. The model minimizes multi-echelon multi-product cost along the refineries, distribution centers, transportation modes and demand nodes. The relationship between strategic planning and multimodal transportation is further elucidated.
Furthermore, this work proposes a two stage Stochastic Mixed Integer Linear Program (SMILP) models with recourse for PSC under the risk of random disruptions, and a two stage Stochastic Linear Program (SLP) model with recourse under the risk of anticipated disruptions, namely hurricanes. Two separate types of mitigation strategies ? proactive and reactive ? are proposed in each model based on the type of disruption. The SMILP model determines optimal DC locations and capacities in the first stage and utilizes multimode transportation as the reactive mitigation strategy in the second stage to allocate transfer volumes. The SLP model uses proactive mitigation strategies in the first stage and employs multimode transportation as the reactive mitigation strategy. The goal of both stochastic models is to minimize the expected total supply chain costs under uncertainty.
The proposed models are tested with real data from two sections of the U.S. petroleum industry, PADD 3 and PADD 1, and transportation networks within Geographic Information System (GIS). It involves supply at the existing refineries, proposed DCs and demand nodes. GIS is used to analyze spatial data and to map refineries, DCs and demand nodes to visualize the process.
Sensitivity analysis is conducted to asses supply chain performance in response to changes in key parameters of proposed models to provide insights on PSC decisions, and to demonstrate the impact of key parameters on PSC decisions and total cost.Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute (UGPTI)
Mountain Plains Consortium (MPC)
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Giantsos, John. "The effects of trade policy on the development of the South African petrochemical industry." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002749.
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The objective of the research was to determine the role which South African trade policy played in shaping the development of the domestic petrochemical industry. The focus of the study falls on the domestic development of the petrochemical industry in general, and the polymer industry in particular. Three broad stages are distinguished in the domestic development of the petrochemical industry. Prior to the early 1970's development occurred primarily on an ad hoc basis, with the establishment of domestic production plants for most major petrochemicals. The development of the domestic petrochemical industry over the period from the early 1970's to the early 1980's was characterised by rapid growth in the domestic production of petrochemicals, while the period from the early 1980's to the early 1990's saw a significant slowdown in the annual growth rate for the domestic production of petrochemicals. The role of trade policy in the industry's development over each of these three periods could not be established conclusively. In each period a number of factors were identified which may have impacted on the industry's development. However, two factors do appear to have played particularly important roles in the industry's development prior to the early 1980's, namely strong growth in domestic petrochemical demand and the provision of a substantial degree of protection through quantitative import controls and tariffs. with regard to the industry's development over the period from the early 1980's to the early 1990's, a number of factors were identified which may have influenced trends in domestic petrochemical production, including the withdrawal of quantitative import controls and the progressive lowering of import tariffs, the depreciation of the rand in the mid-1980's, a slowdown in the growth of the domestic demand for petrochemicals, the fall in the international prices of petrochemicals in the early 1980's, and the fall in the international oil price in the mid-1980's. In view of the small size of the domestic petrochemical market it is recommended that local petrochemical producers should continue to expand their focus beyond that of producing solely for the requirements of the domestic market. In light of the key role played by the petrochemical industry in a modern economy, it is also recommended that the industry in South Africa receive more attention from policy makers than it has in the past.
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Lo, Wing Yin. "The changing geographical pattern of world oil trade since 1975." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2002. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/452.
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Zhaoxian, Xu. "Chinese petroleum industry analysis and entry strategies." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2260.
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This comprehensive project introduces the past and present of the Chinese petroleum industry, conducts industry analysis using Michael Porter's Five forces model, and discusses the changes made in recent years and the business oppurtunities for foreign companies. In order to effectively enter the chinese petroleum market, four commonly used entry strategies are introduced. Key issues, weaknesses and strengths, as well as implications of each entry strategy are discussed in detail.
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Yu, Simin. "China's foreign oil security policy and its security implications to the United States in Asia." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?MR22186.
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Leamon, Gregory Robert Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Petroleum well costs." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Petroleum Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30599.
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This is the first academic study of well costs and drilling times for Australia???s petroleum producing basins, both onshore and offshore. I analyse a substantial database of well times and costs sourced from government databases, industry and over 400 recent well completion reports. Three well phases are studied - Pre-Spud, Drilling and Completion. Relationships between well cost factors are considered, including phase time, phase cost, daily cost, rig day rate, well depth, basin, rig type, water depth, well direction, well objective (e.g. exploration), and type of completion (P&A or producer). Times and costs are analysed using scatter plots, frequency distributions, correlation and regression analyses. Drilling times are analysed for the period 1980 to 2004. Well time and variability in well time tend to increase exponentially with well depth. Technical Limits are defined for both onshore and offshore drilling times to indicate best performance. Well costs are analysed for the period 1996 to 2004. Well costs were relatively stable for this period. Long term increases in daily costs were offset to some extent by reductions in drilling times. Onshore regions studied include the Cooper/Eromanga, Surat/Bowen, Otway and Perth Basins. Offshore regions studied include the Carnarvon Basin shallow and deepwater, the Timor Sea and Victorian Basins. Correlations between regional well cost and well depth are usually high. Well costs are estimated based on well location, well depth, daily costs and type of completion. In 2003, the cost of exploration wells in Australia ranged from A$100,000 for shallow coal seam gas wells in the Surat/Bowen Basins to over A$50 million for the deepwater well Gnarlyknots-1 in the Great Australian Bight. Future well costs are expected to be substantially higher for some regions. This study proposes methods to index historical daily costs to future rig day rates as a means for estimating future well costs. Regional well cost models are particularly useful for the economic evaluation of CO2 storage sites which will require substantial numbers of petroleum-type wells.
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Tulibaski, Katherine Lynn. "Communicating CSR: A Longitudinal Examination of the Petroleum Industry's Social Issue Adoption." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/24998.
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Leung, Pui Pui. "Changes in external oil trade of China since 1994 and their implications." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1460.
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Bin, Baharun Rohaizat. "An investigation of performance and productivity in petroleum retailing in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/703.
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The petroleum retailing industry in Malaysia has long been established since after World War two. The business environment of petroleum retailing industry is very much difficult with issues such as eroding real margins and rising costs that impact on the industry. The Malaysian petroleum retailing industry is a regulated industry and operating costs have been increasing for time to time. The automatic pricing mechanism was established in 1983 and the margins which were set by the government have never changed. However, the industry has grown and the market continues to be very competitive. The operators or dealers of service stations are required to do something in the market in order to survive in the industry. There are many factors can influencing the performance and/or productivity in this industry. The owners or managers should have to know and identify the external and internal environments which can dictate or affect their operations. Based on the external and internal environmental factors, two groups 0f variables were chosen from both factors to investigate the effect and impact of these factors on the industry. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase of the study, the researcher analyzed the common problems areas and the techniques used to approach these problems by service station owners and managers. With the initial stage completed, the researchers utilized this information in attempting to identify a methodology for analyzing performance and productivity of service stations. In the second phase of the study, the survey with structured questionnaire was done in southern part Of Peninsular Malaysia. The results of this research, mainly based on the study of the performance and productivity show that both internal (in this study represented by owner/manager and store characteristics) and external (represented by location and competitive characteristics) environmental variables played the significant roles in performance and productivity of service stations in Malaysia. Interestingly, while both internal and external environmental variables are significantly related to performance, only internal environmental variables can predict the productivity. In other words, internal environmental variables are better predictors of performance than productivity by service stations in this industry. Beside that, the study also found. that there is a differences between owner and manager regarding performance and productivity. As a conclusion, the researcher suggested that both measurement should be considered when any study need to be done on any industries especially in business and retailing in the future.
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Tuveson, Michelle Park. "The contextualisation and heuristics of sentiment : an application to oil demand modelling." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648385.
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Gillam, James Thomas. "The Standard Oil Company in China (1863-1930) /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487324944215045.
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Wells, Lauren E. "The short-term effect of the movement of the USD on oil prices." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/wellsl/laurenwells.pdf.
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Hill, Mark Thomas. "The British North Sea : the importance of and factors affecting tax revenue from oil production /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2003. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd336.pdf.
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Ndunaka, Catherine Chioma. "Strategic choices on skill deficiencies in the oil and gas industry : evidence from an emerging economy." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=239264.
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Skill deficiencies in organisations affect performance, productivity, economic growth and development. Despite quantitative studies and current policy discussions, which acknowledge that skill deficiencies have negative impacts on both employers and employees in developed countries, these studies placed little or no emphasis on the potential impact of skill shortages in developing economies. On the other hand, descriptive studies on skill shortages in Nigeria gave accounts of possible effects on economic growth, however, relatively little is known about the incidence of skill deficiencies experienced by organisations and their impacts on business and employee performance, growth and development. This mixed methods study explored the impact of skill deficiencies on organisations' performance, economic growth and infrastructure delivery, effects on employees, how these effects are managed and possible ways of sustaining skills. A sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used to explore both employers' and employees' experiences of skill deficiencies and possible management measures. This method facilitated the exploration of both convergent and divergent views between employers and employees, assisted in avoiding the subjectivity of using only employers' accounts and provided avenues for capturing salient features of why skill deficiencies occur. Both employers and employees participated in the survey (n=263) and interviews (n= 45). The results suggest that although oil and gas organisations experienced significant skill deficiencies on both business and employee performance and infrastructure delivery; higher impacts were felt in upstream organisations. The economic consequences of skill shortages on individuals, firms and aggregate economy extends to job satisfaction, hiring costs, adoption of new technologies and new work processes, workload, turnover and commitment. Both employers and employees identified that current skill deficiencies affect their performance, potentials for growth and provision of services to clients, adding that the many consequences necessitated the use of various skill and workforce development strategies in managing these effects. Even with the recognition that incidence of skill shortages require supply side response, while skill gaps needs training; the results nonetheless showed that training was used for both skill shortages and skills gaps alongside other workforce development. The findings clarified the causes and extent of skill deficiencies on organisations and proposes changes for remediation of these deficiencies. One of the changes required relates to the need for collaboration and partnership of the social partners of skills, and building links between the world of learning and the world of work. Overall, the structural factors highlight the need for reforming and rejuvenating the education system and investing in skills.
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Omukoro, Dickson Ebikabowei. "Petroleum operations and environmental degradation in Nigeria : the consequences of the state's failure to sustainably develop its petroleum resources." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=235313.
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The need for a sustainable development of natural resources has, in recent time taken centre stage in most natural resource rich countries. Environmental degradation resulting from the unsustainable development of petroleum resources has also resulted in the impoverishment of a large number of people. In countries like Nigeria, revenue accruing from energy and natural resources projects has become the mainstay of the nation's economy. However, the main beneficiaries of the wealth created by the exploration and production of petroleum are the state who owns all natural resources in line with the provisions of Nigerian law and the companies that exploit these resources. As a result, local landowners, do not directly benefit from petroleum exploitation even though they bear the direct consequences of petroleum exploitation. One consequence is the reduction of productive agricultural lands which has disrupted some of the traditional occupations of the people in the Niger Delta where the bulk of Nigeria's petroleum production takes place. It is this disruption that is the focus of this thesis. Despite Nigeria's support for the sustainable development of Nigeria's petroleum resources, environmental degradation resulting from the exploitation of petroleum has continued unabated. This raises a fundamental question as to the effectiveness of the regulatory regime governing petroleum activities in Nigeria. Using doctrinal and socio-legal methodology, this thesis explores the existing regulatory regime to ascertain if it is robust enough or effective to ensure the sustainable development of Nigeria's petroleum resources. It considers what impact, if any, does a failure in the regulatory regime have on the local population. Having established the failure of the legal regime, the study examines the consequences of the State's failure to sustainably develop its petroleum resources and consider if s Having established the failure of the legal regime, the study examines the consequences of the State's failure to sustainably develop its petroleum resources and consider if such failure has any impact on the stability and sustainability of petroleum projects themselves. Perhaps the most surprising finding to emerge from this study is that while the failure of the regulatory regime has negatively impacted the local population, the resulting social unrest or risks does not negatively impact the stability and sustainability of petroleum projects in real terms when compared with the cost of improving environmetal practices. In the search for solutions to address the failure of the existing regime and its consequences, the study examined relevant provisions of the new Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) intending to ascertain if there are significant improvements capable of ensuring the sustainable development of Nigeria's petroleum resources. It concludes that while the PIB contains some improvements on the existing regulatory regime, there are problematic provisions that require some attention if the nation is to achieve the goal of sustainable development of its petroleum resources.
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Marengo, Umberto. "The European Union in the international energy regime and relations with the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council, 1981-2013." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709420.
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Mangano, Clifford Anthony. "Exchange rates, refinery flexibility, and international petroleum flows." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184945.
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The study analyses the relative separation of the effects of changes in a nation's dollar exchange rate and crude oil's dollar price on a country's short-run crude oil derived demand. It examines the role of the dollar exchange rate on domestic and international petroleum flows and discusses the short-run inefficiencies that occur due to adjustment times in a country's domestic petroleum market. A four-equation, structural model of a country's short-run petroleum demand function for its two petroleum flows (crude oil and imported product) was used. Using the translog function, estimates of direct and indirect dollar exchange rate effects were estimated. To account for the role of a nation's refinery industry on international petroleum flows, a measure of the industry's flexibility was developed. The industry is said to be flexible when it can alter its inputs' naturally occurring product fractions to more closely meet the country's final demand. The index developed in this study measures the industry's increase in its output product slate's weighted average API, relative to the weighted average API of its crude oil and feedstocks inputs, adjusted for the crude oil's naturally occurring product fractions.
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Birjandi, Hossein S. Tavakoli-Targhi Mohamad. "Energy and globalization." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3087862.
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Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 2003.Title from title page screen, viewed November 15, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Mohammad Tavakoli Targhi (chair), Lawrence McBride, Hassan Mohammadi, Paul Holsinger, Tony Adedze. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-119) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Fossum, John Erik. "Assessing state intervention : federal oil policies 1973-84." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30576.
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In the last decade or so political scientists have found the pluralist and marxist theoretical perspectives wanting for their inadequate attention to the causal role of states. In response, a burgeoning international literature has emerged which sets out to develop a state-centred theoretical perspective. This study is deeply informed by the emerging statist theoretical perspective.
This thesis explores the relative capacity of the federal state to increase its autonomy in relation to the powerful oil MNCs in the period 1973-84 through an expanded federal presence in the energy sector. Whereas many scholars have assumed that a positive relationship existed between state capacity and the effectiveness of state intervention, Evans and Ikenberry for instance argue that an almost inverse relationship exists between the magnitude of intervention and its effectiveness.
In Canada the literature on federalism has long been cognizant of the important role of states. This thesis therefore attempts to fuse the two bodies of literature, namely statism and federalism, in order to shed added light on the development of federal oil policy during 1973-84.
The fact that the Canadian state is federal accounts for the recurring tendency for the energy issue to be redefined from its "obvious" focus on state-oil industry relations to intrastate issues (federal-provincial relations). A major contribution of this thesis is to explore the circumstances in which jurisdictional concerns deflect attention from policy substance - and also to those in which the reverse occurs.
The thesis finds that when one level of government sought to become more independent of dominant societal actors, such as the oil industry, the intervention, whether so intended or not, was redefined to follow intergovernmental lines of conflict, rather than state-society lines of conflict. The nature of the issues also changed as distributional problems became subsumed under and were driven by the jurisdictional concerns of governments. This increased the policy interdependence between the two levels of government, squeezed out industry interests from intergovernmental deliberations, and generated intervention aimed directly at curtailing the power of the other level of government. This intervention which at first rendered the aggregate state less dependent on the oil industry by for example the creation of Petro-Canada, and later by the NEP, ultimately backfired on the state, at both levels. Important world oil market changes, intergovernmental conflicts and stalemates, deteriorating economic performance, industry reactions, and other mounting economic and political problems undermined the federal government's intervention and led to concessions for the industry. Such concessions were therefore the product of an increasingly irrelevant regulatory framework rather than purely a reflection of the power of the oil industry as such.
This thesis confirms in general terms Ikenberry's finding that an inverse relationship exists between the degree and magnitude of intervention and its effectiveness. Evans and Ikenberry see this most clearly in relation to NOCs, that is in their propensity to evade state control schemes and to undermine centralized state control. In Canada the opposite change.exacerbated conflicts, namely the efforts by governments to shore up their capabilities as corporate actors and the emergence of "political federalism" which saw decision-making becoming centralized within each government, in the hands of decision-makers with jurisdiction-wide concerns. The ensuing process of intrajurisdictional policy coordination not only exacerbated conflicts but also oriented the emerging policy instruments along intergovernmental lines. Another contributing factor was the learning process that decision-makers underwent in the intergovernmental arena. In addition, 'policy mobilization' in the NEP served to link Petro-Canada closer to the political objectives of federal elites.
Therefore, while the effects are the same in Canada, the process is almost the reverse of the one described by Evans and Ikenberry. Evans and Ikenberry see ineffective state intervention largely as the product of state actors mobilizing societal actors and state and societal actors becoming more closely linked. This study supplements the statist literature by noting that the attempts of a number of interventionist governmental actors to introduce comprehensive and more independent interventionist strategies heightened conflicts, generated inefficiencies and essentially caused the intervention to fail.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Herrygers, Christa M. "Structural violence, health and the Chad/Cameroon oil pipeline." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2005/c%5Fherrygers%5F050305.pdf.
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Xu, He Kensinger John W. "Crude oil and crude oil derivatives transactions by oil and gas producers." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-5106.
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Mrdalo, Zvonimir. "A comparison of the economic efficiency of the petroleum fiscal systems under uncertainty : a Monte Carlo simulation approach." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=189500.
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Dema, Perisuo. "Structuring of reserve based finance for petroleum production in Nigeria : contractual, regulatory and tax issues." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=214822.
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