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1
Abdullah, Abdul Hamid. "Petroleum refining and air quality management." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45573.
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Management of the air quality surrounding Petroleum Refineries deserves attention because the industry contributes almost five percent of the total emissions from all anthropogenic sources. A document containing a complete set of guidelines for use in the refining industry which satisfies the current and anticipated air quality legislations and regulations in the U.S. is necessary. In the past, several documents have been prepared, but have not included a complete coverage of the air quality management as currently needed. Furthermore, due to the continuing revisions of the Clean Air Act, a document with current, updated regulations and air quality management principles is necessary. This study dealt with a broad range of topics including characteristics of emissions, control technology applied, regulations and legislative issues, monitoring and modeling practices, and issues of the 1980s together with future projections and implications. Air quality regulations and standards are periodically revised and are becoming more stringent with time. Issues like acid rain may lead to even more stringent emission standards if investigations carried out currently reveal that the refineries are significant contributors. Great measures are taken to control emissions from the refineries either by using good control equipment or using other alternative control strategies. Small operating refineries are closing down due to changing conditions. An agglomeration and or expansion of the existing refining capacity is occurringn The air quality trends associated with this transition in the industry are discussed.
Master of Science
2
De, Mattos Valeria Povoa. "Environmental management in the petroleum industry." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1998. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11262/.
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The increased awareness of the deterioration of the biophysical environment and change in ecological values are affecting the relationship of organizations with the biophysical environment. The management of green issues has been peripheral to organizations' business strategy and dealt with in a piecemeal manner. However, organizations are recognising the strategic importance of the management of green issues and are introducing internal environmental management systems to deal with such issues. The management of green issues has to be dealt with by most organizations, and virtually all industrial organizations. In this work an 'ecological complex framework' has been developed in order to systematically investigate and represent the social process associated with ecological forces and environmental controls affecting the relationship of organizations with the biophysical environment. The aim of the framework developed in this work is first to understand how and what green issues are noticed by organizations and how they respond to them. Second to bring green issues into strategic management research. To allow a coherent investigation of this issue this work has concentrated on one specific industry, the oil industry, with special focus on the refining activity. A case study of the Brazilian oil organization Petrobras was undertaken to investigate the problem. In this case study representatives of Petrobras were interviewed about their roles in the management of green issues. These representatives ranged from operational staff through to senior management at refineries and head office. In addition to the case study environmental managers from other oil organizations in the UK were interviewed and a content analysis of corporate literature of all oil organizations studied was undertaken. The findings of this investigation have shown that the management of green issues have become an important issue in oil refineries' strategies. However, due to the complexity and uncertainty of stakeholders' ecological demands, oil organisations are still learning how to recognise their relevance and strategic implications.
3
Itsekor, Lucky Ubini. "Mitigating Petroleum Product Shortages in the Nigerian Downstream Petroleum Supply Industry." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5088.
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In Nigeria, almost every business enterprise relies on petroleum products for power or transportation. Shortages of petroleum products cripple business activities and undermine development of the Nigerian economy. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore supply chain management strategies needed by petroleum business leaders to mitigate shortages and sustain business development in Nigeria. The sample for the study included 10 senior leaders from 2 private-sector Nigerian downstream petroleum supply companies located in the Niger Delta region, who had successfully implemented strategies for petroleum supply. The resource based view theory served as the conceptual framework for the study. Data collection included semistructured face-to-face interviews and review of operational and policy documents from the supply companies. Data were transcribed, analyzed, and validated through member checking and triangulation, resulting in the identification of 6 themes: appropriate allocation of resources to all segments of the supply value chain for efficiency, efficient banking and foreign exchange operations, engaging appropriate human capital for operational efficiency, technology application in both operational and nonoperational segments, maintaining good organization reputation in the industry, and investment in Nigerian crude oil refining and infrastructures. Findings may be used by petroleum business leaders and investors to create effective and efficient supply chain management, leading to product availability, employment opportunities, poverty reduction, and economic development.
4
Lucy, Richard F. "Controlling refinery risk management." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03172010-020343/.
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Ali, kathem Hassan. "Associated Petroleum Gas management in the south of Iraq." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-23583.
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Iraq is considered as the second largest oil producer in organization of petroleum exporting countries (OPEC) with oil production average of 3.2 MMbbl/day. Iraq has very ambitious plans to increase oil production in the coming few years, which means rapid increase of the associated petroleum gas (APG) which has dissolve form in crude oil and consider as a common by-product with crude oil extraction. This study aims to give more understanding about APG management in the south of Iraq and highlight the most important reasons standing behind utilize failure of a huge amount of APG instead of flare it and what the consequences of flare option in the environmental, economic and political perspectives. Natural gas featuring as a cleanest fossil fuel with less emission comparing with other types of fossil fuels. In addition, natural gas is considered as an important source for thermal, electrical and mechanical energy and can be used in very wide branches such as transport, industry, electricity and in the housing sector. Furthermore, it is considered as a raw material for petrochemical, fertilizer industries and for the productions of pesticides. In this study, APG flaring from economic and environmental perspectives were studied. This study has produced three different scenarios for the future gas production. Three different scenarios were studied (business as usual (BAU), new processing facilities (NPF) and gas to grid (GTG)). BAU scenario depends on rehabilitate the entire infrastructures which are old, unsufficient and it is platform capacity is very small to capture and process a huge amount of APG which expected to be produced in the coming years. NPF means build new capturing and processing facilities to treat the total expected amount of APG and the GTG scenario depend on the same assumptions of the second scenario but, all the produced dry gas will destined to the power plant to produce electricity. Most promising results (economic and environment results) gained by adapting GTG scenario. These results, however, might explain and justify the economic investment that should be used in the Iraqi gas industry will give more revenue, improve Iraqis people life conditions and reduce the global environmental degradation. As a result of that the imported gas, electricity and natural gas liquids (NGL) will be stopped after three to five years. So it is recommended that the produced dry gas should utilize in the power plant as a feedstock instead of crude oil and diesel and after the increasing of provide dry gas can Iraq stop import gas and electricity as well. More involved by adopting gas to grid scenario because the produced dry gas used as feedstock in the power generations to cover the domestic and industry demand for electricity. More investment needs to apply this scenario but also more benefit will be gain due to replacing oil and diesel which are currently used in the power plants by using natural gas. Iraq has to take rapid steps toward changing all the existing fuel fire generators to cover the shortage of electricity supply and guaranteed the domestic and the industrial sectors of stable providing of electricity. Iraq is facing a real problem at the moment because of the burning of Iraqi gas, which causes to accumulate of 20 million tons per year of carbon dioxide emissions, the equivalent of three million tailpipe emissions car. Accompanied with the increasing in crude oil production during the past few years an increase in the production of APG, which means an increase in the quantities of burned gas and that needs to evolution of energy installations of gas collection and treatment in the same period. In addition, increase the quantities of liquid petroleum gas and light naphtha for domestic demand, will be an urgent need for the establishment of appropriate facilities for the storage and export in the south harbors to export the surplus for the local need. The implementation of these scenarios beginning in 2015 requires speeding up the construction of the assembly plants, pressure, treatment and the related infrastructures at the level of the oil fields production. The construction of the necessary pipelines infrastructure needs to connect the centers of demand treatment plants, power plants and the oil wells. It is also required to raise the capacity of the gas filling facilities near centers of domestic consumption. Preparation of technical plans for the gas system, gas industries, electricity generation and all the investment possibilities will be very important and it should be ready by 2015 to exploit the total gas production in Iraq and its treatment, so that it becomes available to transfer it to the local and international markets. At that point, gas flaring may reach to the lowest level, and then will meet all the requirements of the local gas demand, local electricity demand and contributing with international efforts to protect the global environment.
6
Laegreid, Trygve 1959. "Technology strategy and innovation management in the petroleum industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8886.
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Thesis (S.M.M.O.T.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Management of Technology Program, 2001."June 2001."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-69).
The petroleum industry is a mature commodity business and a high- technology business characterized by a relatively high rate of innovation. Probably the world's largest industry even today, the petroleum industry has an interesting history that has shaped the dynamic energy landscape. The petroleum industry is composed of two groups of companies: the petroleum companies and the oilfield service and sμpply companies. Through mergers and acquisitions BP has grown to the third largest petroleum company and the world's 17th largest company. Statoil is a middle tier petroleum company. Both Statoil and BP are integrated oil companies. This thesis studies the technology strategy and innovation management practices in the two petroleum companies Statoil and BP. A literature review presents the central concepts and models that have been developed in the fields of general strategy, technology strategy and innovation management. The main strategy features are alignment between business, technology and research, underpinned by processes, structures, incentives and culture, and an intelligent user strategy focused on cost reduction. The management of innovation emphasizes cooperation across organizational boundaries, a free and effective market approach to ideas, innovation and technology, and a low appropriability regime for technology. The thesis points to weaknesses and problems related to the present strategy. The present strategy is weak in competitive advantage. The free and effective market that underpins the user strategy is vulnerable. The alignment strategy can lead to strategic and organizational inertia and preclude necessary change. Alignment must be combined with adaptability to be sustainable. The strategy of internationalization through technology leverage requires an ambidextrous organization.
by Trygve Laegreid.
S.M.M.O.T.
7
Alghanmi, A. "Risk assessment and management of petroleum transportation systems operations." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2018. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/9160/.
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Petroleum Transportation Systems (PTSs) have a significant impact on the flow of crude oil within a Petroleum Supply Chain (PSC), due to the great demand on this natural product. Such systems are used for safe movement of crude and/or refined products from starting points (i.e. production sites or storage tanks), to their final destinations, via land or sea transportation. PTSs are vulnerable to several risks because they often operate in a dynamic environment. Due to this environment, many potential risks and uncertainties are involved. Not only having a direct effect on the product flow within PSC, PTSs accidents could also have severe consequences for the humans, businesses, and the environment. Therefore, safe operations of the key systems such as port, ship and pipeline, are vital for the success of PTSs. This research introduces an advanced approach to ensure safety of PTSs. This research proposes multiple network analysis, risk assessment, uncertainties treatment and decision making techniques for dealing with potential hazards and operational issues that are happening within the marine ports, ships, or pipeline transportation segments within one complete system. The main phases of the developed framework are formulated in six steps. In the first phase of the research, the hazards in PTSs operations that can lead to a crude oil spill are identified through conducting an extensive review of literature and experts’ knowledge. In the second phase, a Fuzzy Rule-Based Bayesian Reasoning (FRBBR) and Hugin software are applied in the new context of PTSs to assess and prioritise the local PTSs failures as one complete system. The third phase uses Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in order to determine the weight of PTSs local factors. In the fourth phase, network analysis approach is used to measure the importance of petroleum ports, ships and pipelines systems globally within Petroleum Transportation Networks (PTNs). This approach can help decision makers to measure and detect the critical nodes (ports and transportation routes) within PTNs. The fifth phase uses an Evidential Reasoning (ER) approach and Intelligence Decision System (IDS) software, to assess hazards influencing on PTSs as one complete system. This research developed an advance risk-based framework applied ER approach due to its ability to combine the local/internal and global/external risk analysis results of the PTSs. To complete the cycle of this study, the best mitigating strategies are introduced and evaluated by incorporating VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) and AHP to rank the risk control options. The novelty of this framework provides decision makers with realistic and flexible results to ensure efficient and safe operations for PTSs.
8
Irhoma, Ammar. "Development of a sustainability management system for petroleum companies." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2017. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/31872/.
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Petroleum companies contribute to the largest proportion of environmental degradation in Libya. In support, the 2014 environmental performance index ranks Libya 120th out of 178 countries which suggest the country faces serious environmental degradation, unlike the developed countries. It is necessary to critically investigate the key environmental sustainability issues faced by the Libyan petroleum companies to develop a Sustainability Management System (SMS). The research aims to develop a SMS for the petroleum companies through critical investigations of sustainability-related impacts, issues, and barriers to the sustainability approaches, and to develop suggestions for reduction of the adverse effects. The mixed-methods approach involved a survey-based questionnaire and field visits for interviews (semi-structured) with a number of stakeholders. An Environmental Impact Assessment study (EIA) was also conducted as a case study in one of the field visits. Furthermore, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study to Libyan crude oil. The survey questionnaire was used to collect data from the workers. The interviews provide insight into the concerns, barriers, and challenges from the policy makers, environmentalists, and industrial professionals at a senior level. The use of life-cycle assessment (LCA) has further outlined the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the petroleum industry in Libya. Data analysis was performed through triangulation of the qualitative and quantitative approaches. The LCA results show that there are diverse environmental impacts caused by the Libyan petroleum industry, which require the implementation of an SMS to minimise these impacts. EIA results revealed high levels of environmental impacts mainly associated with air emissions such as GHGs and hazardous H2S along with oil spillages, at the upstream and downstream levels of production. Interviews and the survey confirmed that there are issues/obstacles associated with sustainability in the Libyan petroleum sector which limits the provision of quality and efficient services. The current approaches adopted by companies are neither matched with the developments in the sustainability field in other developed countries nor fit, with the managerial or governance processes. The proposed SMS, applicable in developing countries, proposes the incorporation of environmental factors to increase the scope of stakeholders’ participation in the process, as well as the environmental performance of petroleum companies.
9
Rusinga, Nectar. "Value chain analysis along the petroleum supply chain." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10839.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-91).
The wide range of the petroleum industry's products as well as the varied value of these products coupled with the global nature of the petroleum industry presents both challenges and opportunities within the petroleum supply chain. It is along this supply chain that challenges for creating value for the customer exist as well the opportunities for reaching this goal. Value chain analysis methodology has been hailed as being capable to lend itself to process improvement challenges faced along supply chains. To achieve this objective, a case study method was used to collect and analyse data. This dissertation identifies and follows one of the supply chains of a petroleum company operating in South Africa to investigate how value chain analysis can be implemented along its supply chain.
10
Lee, YongTae 1951. "A study of sustaining growth in petroleum industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9281.
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Thesis (S.M.M.O.T.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Management of Technology Program, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-83).
With slowdown in the growth rate of petroleum product consumption, petroleum business is maturing and becoming commoditized. In maturing industries, cost leadership and operational excellence is important, but it is not sustainable. Inevitably, competition will squeeze margins, even for the cost leaders. In order to sustain growth, companies should continuously explore potential enlargement of its offering vis-a-vis its competitors and customers' expectation. A set of industry case studies in petroleum, energy utility, steel and airline industries have been performed to identify opportunities for differentiation and to examines how the successful companies manage the innovation in developing sustainable growth strategy. Analysis of industry case study identified some important differentiating factors and approaches. It suggests, in general, that successful companies focus on Customer Solution. The customer solution reflects a shift in strategic attention from product to customer-from product economics to customer economics and customer's experience. To capture a value position and enhance profitability-in other words, to decommoditize the commodity product/service-they redefine its services to reach into the customer's own business to solve more fundamental problems. They segmented the market to better design and deliver tailored, customer-specific services bundled with commodity products. Unless companies are going to compete mainly on price, value added solutions are a necessity. Innovation, and more importantly effective implementation of innovation, is a prerequisite for a sustainable growth. In conclusion, I made suggestion for one company to achieve sustainable growth and recommendations for future research.
by YongTae Lee.
S.M.M.O.T.
11
Dilger, Christoph Walter. "Project risk management for international petroleum exploration and development ventures." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ64932.pdf.
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Shenbarow, Amara A. "Petroleum technology development in Libya : developing an evolutionary management framework." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13238.
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Emhmed, Ehmiada. "Developing an environmental management approach to Libya's upstream petroleum industry." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2008. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19625/.
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Concern about environmental impacts of the upstream oil and gas industry in Libya, which is an essential part of the national economy, is increasing following more intensive development of the country's petroleum reserves. The petroleum industry recognises that potential environmental impacts and consequences are associated with their exploration and production activities. This thesis seeks to examine the environmental impacts and performance of the upstream oil and gas industry in Libya in order to establish an efficient environmental management approach to this important industry sector. The current environmental management approach to dealing with the environmental impacts of the Libyan upstream oil and gas industry is investigated. The research investigates the implementation of and compliance with environmental regulations. The research also investigates whether the Libyan National Oil Corporation (LNOC's) recently established environmental department and the Environment general Authority (EGA) can be regarded as competent bodies in dealing with environmental issues. Management of the petroleum sector is also reviewed, especially the relationship between the LNOC and its subsidiaries. In addition, the effect of sanctions, which were imposed upon the country for more than a decade, on the environmental performance of the oil and gas industry is investigated. The research comes to conclusions and makes recommendations for environmental management of the Libyan oil and gas industry sector. These include recommendations about implementation of the existing environmental regulations. The environmental policies and management systems adopted by the industry should be greatly influenced by this work.
14
Ishola, A. "Advanced safety methodology for risk management of petroleum refinery operations." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2018. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/7984/.
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Petroleum refineries are important facilities for refining petroleum products that provide the primary source of energy for domestic and industrial consumption globally. Petroleum refinery operations provide significant contribution to global economic growth. Petroleum refineries are complex, multifaceted systems that perform multiple phase operations characterized by a high level of risk. Evidence based major accidents that have occurred within the last three decades in the petroleum refineries, around the world, indicates losses estimated in billions of US dollars. Many of these accidents are catastrophes, which have led to the disruption of petroleum refinery operations. These accidents have resulted in production loss, asset damage, environmental damage, fatalities and injuries. However, the foremost issue analysed in literatures in relation to major accidents in petroleum refineries, is the lack of robust risk assessment and resourceful risk management approaches to identify and assess major accident risks, in order to prevent or mitigate them from escalating to an accident. Thus, it is exceptionally critical to readdress the issue of petroleum refinery risk management with the development of a more dependable, adaptable and holistic risk modelling framework for major accident risks investigation. In this thesis, a proactive framework for advanced risk management to analyse and mitigate the disruption risks of petroleum refinery operations is presented. In this research, various risk elements and their attributes that can interact to cause the disruption of PRPU operations were identified and analysed, in order to determine their criticality levels. This thesis shows that the convergent effect of the interactions between the risk elements and their attributes can lead to the disruption of petroleum refinery operations. In the scheme of the study, Fuzzy Linguistic Preference Relation (FLPR), Fuzzy Evidential Reasoning (FER) and Fuzzy Bayesian Network (FBN) methodologies were proposed and implemented to evaluate the criticality of the risk elements and their attributes and to analyse the risk level of PRPU operations. Also, AHP-fuzzy VIKOR methodology was utilised for decision modelling to determine the optimal strategy for the risk management of the most significant risk elements’ attributes that can interact to cause the disruption of PRPU operations. The methodologies proposed and implemented in this research can be utilised in the petroleum refining industry, to analyse complex risk scenarios where there is incomplete information concerning risk events or where the probability of risk events is uncertain. The result of the analysis conducted in this research to determine the risk level of petroleum refinery operations can be utilised by risk assessors and decision makers as a threshold value for decision making in order to mitigate the disruption risk of PRPU operations. The decision strategies formulated in this thesis based on robust literature review and expert contributions, contributes to knowledge in terms of the risk management of petroleum refinery operations. The result of the evaluation and ranking of the risk elements and their attributes can provide salient risk information to duty holders and decision makers to improve their perceptions, in order to prioritise resources for risk management of the most critical attributes of the risk elements. Overall, the methodologies applied in this thesis, can be tailored to be utilised as a quantitative risk assessment tool, by risk managers and decision analysts in the petroleum refining industry for enhancement risk assessment processes where available information can sometimes be vague or incomplete for risk analysis.
15
Oremade, Babatunde Timothy. "Perception of petroleum profits tax compliance in Nigeria." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2010. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/17520/.
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The aim of this research is to examine whether the extent of tax compliance by oil producing companies in Nigeria is determined by the knowledge, remuneration and incentives of government tax officials. This study sets out to investigate the extent of compliance of oil and gas (exploration and production) companies with the Petroleum Profits Tax Act and to confirm whether lack of sufficient knowledge of the PPT law and poor remuneration and incentives of government tax officials affect tax administration in the upstream sector of the petroleum industry in Nigeria. An extensive literature review was conducted on the historical and legislative background and the incentives available to petroleum companies in Nigeria. The review also covered theories of taxation, tax administration and compliance, tax reforms, tax avoidance and evasion. The literature review revealed gaps which this study attempts to fill. This research has concepts that require both qualitative and quantitative approaches in its design, data collection and data analyses. Consequently, a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was adopted for this study. Face to face interviews were held with experienced regulatory, tax, petroleum companies’ officials and tax and audit practitioners. The researcher uses literature to develop hypotheses which are tested using survey results and backed up by personal interviews. This helps in obtaining results about the behaviour of taxpayers and tax officials in the upstream sector of the petroleum industry in Nigeria. By using a survey, the researcher is able to assess the perceptions of a cross-section of stakeholders in the Nigerian oil industry about the level of compliance with the PPT law. The personal interviews with oil experts provide the benefit of their in-depth knowledge of the oil industry in Nigeria and furnish an understanding of their social world. This research seems to support the perception that the oil producing companies may not be complying fully with the provisions of the Petroleum Profits Tax Act and the Petroleum Act in relation to the payments of royalty and PPT. Interview results suggest that there is a lack of an adequate database of all company taxes paid in Nigeria, minimisation of monthly Royalties and PPT instalments, a dearth of experts on fiscal issues, overwhelming influence of the oil producing companies, poor attitude and inadequate knowledge of the operations of the petroleum industry amongst government tax officials.
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Ammah, Anass Nii-Armah. "Applying Time-Lapse Seismic Inversion In Reservoir Management: A Case Study Of The Norne Field." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18611.
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Time-lapse seismic inversion approach to reservoir management has proven to be a vital tool in the industry today because of its effectiveness in tracking the movement of fluid front within the reservoir as well as identifying isolated bypassed accumulations. A base (2001) and three monitor (2003, 2004 and 2006) seismic surveys from the Norne field were inverted during this research. Water and gas have been injected into the reservoir to maintain the initial pressure within the field. These seismic surveys were analyzed for time-lapse impedance changes due to the differences in the produced hydrocarbons and the injected fluids. Check-shot corrected well data as well as interpreted horizons were integrated in the inversion process. Two independent wavelets were extracted from base and monitor surveys and combined to form an all-encompassing frequency and amplitude wavelet. The base and monitors were jointly inverted. This is because of the reduction in inconsistencies that are associated with independent inversions of surveys and the production related changes expected in time-lapse inverted seismic data.The results of the inversion show the impedance difference across the field for the various monitor surveys. Areas surrounding producer wells show slight changes in impedance while great impedance difference are observed around injector wells. A statistical analysis of the inversion results also shows steady increase in impedance across the field for the subsequent monitors. Structural and stratigraphic interpretation of the time-lapse inverted data also confirmed the sealing properties of some formations. This sealing property supported the impedance changes within the field. Fault interpretations as well as its sealing and non-sealing properties were inferred from the impedance differences across various discontinuities. Time-lapse acoustic impedance inversion of the Norne post-stack seismic data has revealed the impacts of production, dynamic fluid changes across main identified geologic structures, fluid front migration, fluid communication across structures and segments and other identified stratigraphic elements.
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Zhaoxian, Xu. "Chinese petroleum industry analysis and entry strategies." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2260.
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This comprehensive project introduces the past and present of the Chinese petroleum industry, conducts industry analysis using Michael Porter's Five forces model, and discusses the changes made in recent years and the business oppurtunities for foreign companies. In order to effectively enter the chinese petroleum market, four commonly used entry strategies are introduced. Key issues, weaknesses and strengths, as well as implications of each entry strategy are discussed in detail.
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Wu, Mengfei 1955. "A study of restructuring in the Chinese petroleum sector." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8505.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 90).
China's oil industry has experienced fundamental changes since 1988. China's oil market will be open to foreign companies just a few years after its entry into the WTO in the end of 2001. The three national petroleum companies had been privatized and listed in overseas capital market exchanges during 2000~2001. This thesis reviews the restructuring process at both industry level and company levels. At the industry level, it summarizes what has been done since 1988 by the Chinese government, and how entry into WTO will influence the industry. At the company level, it reviews how the national oil companies were reorganized, restructured, and privatized. The thesis also paints a picture of the current competitive situation in the China oil industry, and explores how the three Chinese oil companies initiated a series of internal re-structurings after their listing in order to achieve a better positioning in the new competition context. The thesis also studies how the companies perform in a changed industry environment. It discusses the learning process that happened on both sides - the companies and the capital markets. It also analysis what impacts the capital markets have had on the three previously state-owned companies.
by Mengfei Wu.
M.B.A.
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Mota-Sanchez, Freddy. "Application of analytic hierarchy process in upstream risk assessment and project evaluations." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1959.
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Ekwo, Unite Simon. "Collaboration-based management of petroleum pipeline rights of way in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1192.
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This thesis starts with a conceptual exploration of the challenges in the management of Petroleum Pipeline Rights of Way (ROW), within the context of public infrastructure management. Upon this basis, a holistic understanding has been developed of the concept. This understanding argues the need for Collaboration-Based Management of ROW for Petroleum Pipelines, in particular, involving the communities traversed by the pipelines as stakeholders, in order to enhance long term social, economic and environmental sustainability through their interaction with the other stakeholders: the government and multi-national oil companies. Building upon the theoretical arguments developed, this research has proposed a geographic information system framework for demarcating ROW that is capable of continuous updating in line with new knowledge. By applying this framework, the ROW in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, is demarcated; and further analysis is applied that shows widespread encroachment on the ROW by other land uses. A total of 588 structured interview questionnaires were completed, five focus group discussions held and 14 key informant interviews conducted across four case study areas. Analysis of the data revealed that the pipeline project has not improved the economic situation of the people in the communities it traverses. The empirical evidence from the case studies also suggests that vandalism thrives in the pipeline communities, because those geographically closest to the pipeline have no role in its management and the national and multi-national oil companies that have lawful authorisation over the pipelines and the associated ROW do not have the capacity to maintain real-time surveillance. Hence, there is a need for a new approach, based on a collaboration-based framework. This framework will engender the adoption of local knowledge and experience regarding the environment for the greater collective interest of the oil and gas industry, the citizenry and, by extension, the Nigerian national economy.
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Tian, Jiang. "Multi-agent modelling and negotiation for China petroleum supply chain management." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422052.
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Nwankwor, Emeka. "A unified metaheuristic and system-theoretic framework for petroleum reservoir management." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/16993/.
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With phenomenal rise in world population as well as robust economic growth in China, India and other emerging economies; the global demand for energy continues to grow in monumental proportions. Owing to its wide end-use capabilities, petroleum is without doubt, the world’s number one energy resource. The present demand for oil and credible future forecasts – which point to the fact that the demand is expected to increase in the coming decades – make it imperative that the E&P industry must device means to improve the present low recovery factor of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Efficiently tailored model-based optimization, estimation and control techniques within the ambit of a closed-loop reservoir management framework can play a significant role in achieving this objective. In this thesis, some fundamental reservoir engineering problems such as field development planning, production scheduling and control are formulated into different optimization problems. In this regard, field development optimization identifies the well placements that best maximizes hydrocarbon recovery, while production optimization identifies reservoir well-settings that maximizes total oil recovery or asset value, and finally, the implementation of a predictive controller algorithm which computes corrected well controls that minimizes the difference between actual outputs and simulated (or optimal) reference trajectory. We employ either deterministic or metaheuristic optimization algorithms, such that the choice of algorithm is purely based on the peculiarity of the underlying optimization problem. Altogether, we present a unified metaheuristic and system-theoretic framework for petroleum reservoir management. The proposed framework is essentially a closed-loop reservoir management approach with four key elements, namely: a new metaheuristic technique for field development optimization, a gradient-based adjoint formulation for well rates control, an effective predictive control strategy for tracking the gradient-based optimal production trajectory and an efficient model-updating (or history matching) – where well production data are used to systematically recalibrate reservoir model parameters in order to minimize the mismatch between actual and simulated measurements. Central to all of these problems is the use of white-box reservoir models which are employed in the well placement optimization and production settings optimization. However, a simple data-driven black-box model which results from the linearization of an identified nonlinear model is employed in the predictive controller algorithm. The benefits and efficiency of the approach in our work is demonstrated through the maximization of the NPV of waterflooded reservoir models that are subject to production and geological uncertainty. Our procedure provides an improvement in the NPV, and importantly, the predictive control algorithm ensures that this improved NPV are attainable as nearly as possible in practice.
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Adam, Ibraheem Salisu. "An empirical investigation of the efficiency, effectiveness and economy of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation's management of Nigeria's upstream petroleum sector." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/1021.
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This thesis empirically investigates how well the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) ensures value for money (VfM) in its exploitation of Nigeria’s oil resources. This focus on VfM distinguishes the study from other researches carried out on the performance of national oil companies (NOCs) where the common approach in the literature has been to assess performance using the metrics applicable to private oil companies. The rationale for the new approach is that the NNPC is a quasi-public sector organisation and thus its performance should be measured in the same way as that of public sector bodies and state owned enterprises (SOEs). Informed opinions on NNPC’s management roles in Nigeria’s oil and gas upstream sector were sought from a range of relevant experts in twelve stakeholder groups involved in oil and gas upstream operations. Data were collected through the use of questionnaire and interview surveys, and further subjected to statistical analysis to determine and assess significant differences in views between respondent groups. The empirical results obtained from the questionnaires were used to draw a conclusion on the hypotheses formulated for the study. Furthermore, the findings of the interview survey were used to validate the conclusions drawn. The study revealed that the NNPC was perceived to be deficient in keeping its mandate of adding value to Nigeria’s hydrocarbon resources. In specific terms, the respondents were of the view that NNPC has not been able to ensure VfM in its operations because of defects in its organisational structure, administrative system, and accountability. External factors such as political interference, instability and an inappropriate legal framework against which NNPC operates have also been perceived to impede the corporation’s performance. The main conclusions were: firstly, it is argued that the use of conventional private sector metrics to evaluate the performance of NOCs makes it difficult to form an appropriate view on their performance. Secondly, NOCs with numerous conflicting roles as is the case with NNPC are unlikely to achieve satisfactory performance. Thirdly, the NNPC lacks the capability required to ensure multinational oil companies’ (MOC) conformity with operational provisions and best practice. Finally, the thesis concludes that establishing a standardised performance/benchmarking framework is an essential requirement to ensure value addition, VfM and accountability in Nigeria’s oil and gas operations.
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Hampson, Philip Robert Osler. "Optimal profit sharing rules for petroleum exploration and development in Jordan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37700.
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Mfosi, Sandy Dos Mareko. "Petroleum products supply dynamics and challenges in the Botswana market." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21785.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.Petroleum fuels energy supply and its availability is an essential precondition for socio-economic development in any economy. Energy is required in meeting the basic human needs such as food, shelter, health, education and for economic activities such as transport, agriculture and mining. Botswana’s energy consumption is dominated by petroleum fuels. The country has no known petroleum reserves and it has to import all its petroleum requirements in refined form, from the neighbouring South Africa. The study focuses on the challenges of security of supply of petroleum products in Botswana. What is at stake is to identify alternative supply sources and routes of petroleum products to Botswana, thus reducing the risk of wholly dependence on South Africa for the supply. A major goal is to develop alternative sources and routes from neighbouring countries. This can be achieved by the Botswana Government taking advantage of regional cooperation with neighbouring countries. The study explores other approaches to reduce the high dependence on South Africa. One of the possible solutions is for Botswana Government to establish a state owned oil company which could play a catalytic role in the implementation of many of the steps considered in this study. This company could, for example, be charged with crude oil exploration in Botswana and with steps to assist locally owned Botswana companies to establish themselves in the marketing and distribution of petroleum. Much will, however, depend on the resources that can be mobilised by the Botswana Government for such a State Oil Company. The study is based on secondary data obtained mainly from the Division of Energy in the Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Resources. Feasibility studies conducted by consultants engaged by the Ministry played an important role in the literature underlying this report.
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Alasgarova, Shafa. "Employee performance management in the petroleum industry in Azerbaijan : cultural and industrial implications." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/employee-performance-management-in-the-petroleum-industry-in-azerbaijan-cultural-and-industrial-implications(74f15db7-548f-4fda-b610-67cade0efb3d).html.
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Companies face vital problems when implementing performance management in cross cultural context. Several attempts have been made to analyse employee performance management in the cultural and industrial context. However, the lack of studies of performance management in cultural and industrial context necessitates this phenomenon to be investigated in various cultures and contexts for sound academic contributions. The present study aims to investigate cultural and industrial influences on the general characteristics, criteria formulation and employee acceptance of performance management in cultural context. This study used a qualitative approach and is based on nine case studies in Azerbaijan. The study adopted semi structured in-depth interview and document analysis as the data collection methods. The results showed that the legal context is the most influencing dimension on the performance management system in Azerbaijan. The thesis concludes criteria for performance is the choice of management philosophy which is a cultural factor. The findings indicate that employees accept performance management positively when the process is implemented fairly. The findings of this study provide a solid evidence base for considering country culture and industry characteristics in implementing performance management. It is evidently clear from the findings that both local and international companies are faced with different problems when implementing performance management in the cross cultural context of Azerbaijan. This study should therefore be of value to practitioners wishing to overcome certain cultural and industrial related problems during implementation of performance management in host companies. In addition, the study contributed certain evidence of the cross cultural performance management process in the various context for the science.
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Ambituuni, Ambisisi. "A risk management framework for downstream petroleum product transportation and distribution in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3225.
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In Nigeria, downstream transportation and distribution of petroleum products is mainly done using pipelines and truck tanker transport systems. These systems have been linked to substantial accidents/incidents with consequences on human safety and the environment. This thesis proposes a risk management framework for the pipelines and road truck tanker transport systems. The study is based on a preliminary review of the entire downstream petroleum industry regulations which identifies key legislations and stakeholder interests within the context of accident prevention and response. This was then integrated into tailored mixed method risk assessment of the pipeline and truck transport systems. The risk assessment made use of accident reports and inputs from semistructure interviews and focus group discussion with relevant stakeholder organisations. For the pipeline systems, 96.46% of failure was attributed to activities of saboteurs and third party interference. The failure frequency of the pipeline (per km-year) was found to be very high (0.351) when compared to failure frequencies in the UK (0.23×10-3) and the US (0.135×10-3). It was discovered that limitations in pipeline legislations and national vested interests limits regulatory and operational capabilities. As a result the operator lacks the human and technical capability for pipeline integrity management and surveillance. Similarly the finding from the truck system revealed that 79% of accidents are due to human factors. The tanker regulators have no structured approach in dealing with the regulation of petroleum road trucking. Also, operating companies poorly adhere to safety standards. From an accident/incident response perspective, it was discovered that local response capability is lacking and the vulnerability of affected communities increases due to poor knowledge of the hazards associated with petroleum products. A framework was proposed for each of the transport systems. For the pipeline system, the framework leverages on the powers of the Petroleum Minister to provide best practice pipeline risk management directives. It also proposes strategies which combine the use of social tactics for engaging host communities in pipeline surveillance with technical tactics to enhance the pipeline integrity. For the truck risk management framework, control points for prevention of truck accidents were identified. It adheres to principles of commitment to change, and regulatory/peer collaboration for deployment of management actions. Suitable policy recommendations were made based on regulatory and operational interest of stakeholder organisations.
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Vrede, Bruce. "Petroleum waste disposal challenges in selected African countries - policy, practice and prospects." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4152.
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Magister Artium - MAThe oil industry is growing increasingly aware of its serious image problem. There is a growing awareness of the systematic abuses of people and the environment inherent in the production, processing and marketing of petroleum. (Rowell, 1997). From the Club of Rome to the Bruntland Report to Rio De Janeiro and Johannesburg Earth Summits, increased pressure on the oil industry has been witnessed. Pressure has mounted to, in particular, start managing the industry’s impact on the environment. It was the first pictures of earth from space, which revealed the view of the limited “spaceship earth”, after which Garrett Hardin’s seminal article, entitled ‘The Tragedy of the Commons’ triggered an understanding of the close links between the environment and our economic activity in 1974, Daniel Yergin (1991) argues. Today the oil industry is facing ‘peak oil’ (the point in time when the maximum rate of petroleum extraction will be reached) and the looming fallout from environmental damage costs and disasters (Clyde,1996). It has been argued by Brain Clyde (1996) that the emergence of notions of ‘sustainable development’ and practice in the context of the oil industry, reifies global capitalism as the liberating and protecting force (Clyde, 1996). This thesis sets out to explore these notions of sustainable development and the ways in which they challenge (or not) the foundations of knowledge around environmentally ethical behaviour amongst large oil companies and the manner in which they manage, in particular, used oil. There is a growing body of research contained in the fields of Political Ecology and Industrial Ecology that points to the need for blame to be placed between multinational oil companies and national governments for failing in their mandate to protect the environment (Africa Institute, 2013 and Danida, 2012). This thesis argues that used oil management is not only the responsibility of oil companies but also that of national governments and suppliers in the general public. If the role of national governments is to create enabling conditions for the development of “fit for purpose” waste policy and regulations in order to lead or track “best practices” in used oil management, this thesis shows that more often than not, policy has either failed in practice or has not been developed owing to a lack of political will. The prospects for implementation of best practices typically speak to concepts of recycling, reuse and proper disposal in terms of Lansink’s Ladder (1979) concept (He was a Dutch member of parliament who presented a schematic presentation of the order of preference for waste management options, with disposal at the bottom and prevention at the top) of the “waste hierarchy” with which this study engages (Gertsakis and Lewis, 2003). The waste management hierarchy supports the approaches taken in studies in the field of Industrial Ecology which suggest practice-based solutions to waste oil and policy development. This thesis explores four contexts of waste management in Africa, focusing on comparisons between policy and practice in sites that I have worked at in Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia and relates these to South Africa. Waste management infrastructure to support used oil management is largely in poor shape or non-existent, whilst the gap between waste management policy and legislation and actual waste management practices appears to be widening. This is mainly due to ongoing capacity constraints or non-existence of waste management facilities for the different waste streams. As result of industrialization, urbanization and modernization of agriculture in Africa waste generation is expected to increase significantly. My interest in this research, and the major intention of this study came from my personal experience working as an environmental specialist in the petroleum industry, where I have witnessed poor waste oil practices as a result of inadequate infrastructural or waste disposal options. Exacerbating the problem, as I argue in the study, are poorly defined waste management policy/regulations with consequential severe environmental and health degradation.
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Herschman, Andrea. "The politics of oil wealth management lessons from the Caspian and beyond /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1997484481&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Nefdt, Anthea Carol. "An exploration of women's experiences in senior management in the petroleum industry South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5687.
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Magister Philosophiae - MPhilThere are relatively few women in senior leadership or management positions in South African industry. The oil industry is no exception to this and could in fact be considered to exemplify the ways in which women are marginalised. This small-scale qualitative project aims to explore challenges and experiences women face when entering senior management positions in the Petroleum Industry in Cape Town. The main objective of the study is to explore how gender (and other relevant subject positions) impacts on women's career development and opportunities. I used a qualitative feminist methodological framework and conducted a total of 12 semi-structured interviews with women employed in upper management positions in the 8 oil companies in the greater Western Cape area including the South African Petroleum Industry Association and Department of Energy (SAPIA). A thematic data analysis was then utilised to interpret the data. My findings show that many women perceive the route to success as difficult yet possible suggesting that the popular ''glass ceiling'' conceptual scheme should be replaced by the ''labyrinth of leadership'' model discussed in Early and Carli 2007 with relation to the oil industry. Further findings suggest that although the oil industry provides unique challenges to women as a gendered organization, it also incorporates various progressive initiatives for their advancement.
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Casavant, Robert Ronald. "Morphotectonic investigation of the Arctic Alaska terrane: Implications to basement architecture, basin evolution, neotectonics and natural resource management." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279894.
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This study created a new tectonic model for the Arctic Alaska terrane (AAT) by connecting attributes interpreted from surface and subsurface maps. Lineaments that cross the Brooks Range and North Slope proclaim the presence of basement fault blocks trending to the northeast that locally are aligned with streams, coast and lake shorelines, submarine canyons, and periglacial features. These landforms and anomalies reflect upward propagation of long-lived transcurrent and rift fault fabrics. Facies mapping and analysis of heat-flow effects on permafrost, and data from aeromagnetic, gravity and reflection seismic surveys, support the correlation of basement faulting with geomorphic patterns. The conjugate pattern of fault blocks, seen across Paleozoic- and Mesozoic-age passive margin sequences, resembles a piano keyboard and was inherited from older rift margin and transcurrent-transfer faults. Seismic data and North Slope oil-reservoir characteristics reveal complex fault-block boundaries, and common fault reactivation and structural inversion. The rigid North American craton in the Yukon Territory directs deformation westward leading to continued crustal indention, migration of basement blocks, and thrusting of cover rocks north of the Arctic oroclinal bend. Differential south-vergent underthrusting and uplift of the basement blocks of the North Slope plate has episodically segmented and partitioned strain across the overlying weaker north-vergent cover rocks of the North Alaskan plate. These tectonic controls have influenced the structural and geomorphic evolution of the North Slope-Brooks Range foothills region, including the formation of oil and gas reservoirs and mineral deposits.
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Moser, Titus. "Transnational corporations and sustainable development : the case of the Colombian and Peruvian petroleum industries." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340768.
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Benin, Papa. "Human Resource Local Content in Ghana's Upstream Petroleum Industry." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3385.
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Enactment of Ghana's Petroleum (Local Content and Local Participation) Regulations, 2013 (L.I. 2204) was intended to regulate the percentage of local products, personnel, financing, and goods and services rendered within Ghana's upstream petroleum industry value chain. Five years after the inception of Ghana's upstream oil and gas industry, a gap is evident between the requirements of L.I. 2204 and professional practice. Drawing on Lewin's change theory, a cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the extent of differences between the prevailing human resource local content and the requirements of L.I. 2204 in Ghana's upstream petroleum industry. The extent to which training acquired by indigenous Ghanaians seeking jobs in Ghana's oil fields affects the prevalent local content in its upstream petroleum industry was also examined. Survey data were collected from 97 management, technical, and other staff in 2 multinational petroleum companies whose oil and gas development plans have been approved by the Petroleum Commission of Ghana. To answer the research questions and test their hypotheses, one-way ANOVA was performed with staff category (management, technical, and other) as the independent variable and prevalent local content as the dependent variable. Results indicated that prevailing local content in Ghana's upstream petroleum industry meets the requirements of L.I. 2204. Further, training acquired by indigenous Ghanaians seeking jobs in Ghana's oil fields affects the prevalent local content in its offshore petroleum industry. Findings may encourage leaders within multinational oil companies and the Petroleum Commission of Ghana to organize educational seminars that equip indigenous Ghanaians with specialized skills for working in Ghana's upstream petroleum industry.
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Pounah, Georgie Antonia Awakossa. "Factors affecting the representation of women in management positions in the petroleum sector in Gabon." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2996.
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Thesis (MTech (Human Resource Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019Gender inequality in the workplace occurs worldwide, but more so in developing countries where women have been marginalised. In a society where gender roles are culturally constructed, this inequality extends into the workplace, affecting job opportunities, specifically those involving women’s career advancement. Complicating the situation are male-dominated industries that further limit women’s career progression and firmly keep the glass ceiling intact. It is against this background that this research study aimed to investigate factors affecting the representation of women employees in the Gabonese petroleum sector, particularly in management positions. Triangulation involved adopting a mixed methods approach, with quantitative and qualitative information collected from employees in Gabonese petroleum companies. Purposive sampling involved selecting a target sample of women to complete the questionnaires in lower, middle and top level management; and snowball sampling was then used to identify top managers, both male and female, for the interviews. The Statistical Package for Social Software (SPSS 23) was employed to scrutinize the quantitative data, with content analysis of qualitative data. Outcomes of this research study converged on three factors, namely: women’s constraints in the workplace; men versus women in the workplace; and government and organisations’ level of commitment towards women. The main findings were, firstly, that few training and mentoring opportunities for women exists in the petroleum companies in Gabon; secondly, that perceptions of women are based on beliefs and preferences influenced by culture and tradition; thirdly, that hegemonic gender roles contribute to perpetuate barriers (such as gender stereotype, male dominance and family conflict), keeping women at the same level in management positions in the Gabonese petroleum sector; and, lastly, for women to progress in their careers, they need to be supported by Gabonese government policies and organisational commitment. Following on these findings, the researcher proposes a framework to address the three identified factors that restrain females from advancing in their careers and increasing their representation in management positions in the petroleum sector in Gabon. Those factors are detailed towards four themes characterised by different key elements influencing the situation of women in industry, either positively or negatively. Finally, the study concludes with recommendations, aligned to the researcher’s objectives and the findings, to improve the conditions and environment offered to women working in the petroleum sector in Gabon and Africa.
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Sulaiman, Nurul Sa'aadah. "Pipeline Integrity Management System (PIMS) using Bayesian networks for lifetime extension." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=232617.
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The majority of the world's offshore infrastructures are now showing the sign of aging and are approaching the end of their original design life. Their ability to withstand various operational and environmental changes have been the main concerns over the years. This is because the pipeline will still need to operate for a few more decades with increasing demand of oil and gas supply. To address the issues, an effective pipeline integrity management system is required to manage pipeline systems and to ensure the reliability and availability of the pipeline. The main goal is to identify, apply, and assess the applicability of the Bayesian network approach in evaluating the integrity of subsea pipelines that evolves with time. The study is aimed to specifically handle knowledge uncertainties and assist in the decision making of subsea pipeline integrity assessment. A static Bayesian network model was developed to compute the probability of pipeline condition and investigate the underlying factors that lead to pipeline damage. From the model, the most influential factors were identified and the sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the developed model was robust and accurate. The proposed model was then extended to develop a decision tool model using an Influence Diagram. The results from the proposed influence diagram were used to prioritize the maintenance scheme of the pipeline segments. Benefit to cost ratio was applied to determine the pipeline maintenance intervals. Dynamic Bayesian network was utilized to model timedependent deterioration of pipeline structural reliability. A good agreement with conventional structural reliability method is achieved. The present thesis has demonstrated the applicability and effectiveness of Bayesian network approach in the field of oil and gas. It is hoped that the proposed models can be applied by oil and gas pipeline practitioners to enhance the integrity and lifeltime of the oil and gas pipeline.
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Stephens, Thomas Kojo. "Getting it right : the development of an effective regulatory and policy framework for the management of Ghana's upstream oil industry." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=215548.
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Norwegian practice has largely permeated virtually every aspect of Ghana's oil industry. Extrapolation from Norway has been a step in the right direction as Norway is largely credited with adopting best industry practices in the management of its oil industry. Ghana's regulatory framework has evolved to resemble Norway's. Whilst not all this similarity is by design, that which is not has been reinforced by Norwegian practice. Norway's transparent and effective control of the industry by the Executive affords subordination of the industry's regulatory body to a powerful Ministry, which arrangement is counter-balanced by effective Parliamentary oversight. I posit that in the case of Ghana, the absence of transparency, effective checks and balances in the governmental framework coupled with the potential for rampant abuse of discretionary power, necessitates that real regulatory power is vested not in the Ministry but in a strong, independent regulatory body that exerts proper control over the operations of the oil companies. Though the Executive should naturally be the driving force behind policy and ordering of developments in the industry, the regulatory body must be vested with the necessary independence and powers to effectively regulate operations in the industry devoid of Executive interference and control.
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Cole, O. "Petroleum resource management and economic development in sub-Saharan Africa : the cases of Nigeria and Angola." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597831.
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This dissertation explores the experiences and economic performance of the two established petroleum producers in sub-Saharan Africa, and identifies what lessons can be learned and adopted or avoided by emerging hydrocarbon producers in the continent. Over 30 countries in sub-Saharan Africa are at varied stages of petroleum exploration and oilfield development, with increasing success, particularly along the western coast from Mauritania in the north to Namibia in the south. It is important for this new-found wealth to be properly managed in order to improve the lives of millions of Africans living in abject poverty. Chapter 1 presents an overview of the Sierra Leone economy and demonstrates the unfortunate link between natural resource endowment, violent conflict, political instability, and economic deterioration. Chapter 2 explores the relevant literature on the economic performance of resource-rich countries, particularly petroleum producers, with regard to the Resource Curse Hypothesis and Resource-Based Industrialization (RBI). Chapters 3 and 4 provide a comparative study on the experiences and economic outcomes in Nigeria and Angola, which have production levels at around 2.5 and 1.4 million barrels per day respectively. Both chapters investigate whether the economic success or failure in each country can be attributed to historical socio-political factors such as the slave trade, colonization, ethnic-religious differences, and civil wars, or to recent management-related factors such as the improper management of their oil industries, poor political leadership and decision-making, inefficient resource allocation, and the lack of a viable long-term economic diversification strategy. Chapter 5 provides an insight into how emerging oil-producing countries like Sierra Leone can better approach the problem of managing their future petroleum industries and successfully diversify into sustainable industries.
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Sedra, Ali Abu. "The Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries : a study of its organisation, policies and legal significance." Thesis, University of Hull, 1998. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5896.
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[Summary]: This thesis provides a comprehensive study of OPEC. It seeks to ascertain and analyse the international legal status of OPEC and its characteristics, to examine how OPEC functions and what its stated aims and objectives are, to evaluate the performance of OPEC in the context of these objectives, and to suggest improvements for the future. OPEC was originally established in 1960 by a group of developing oil-producing countries as an institutional response to the need which they all felt to assert their independence and ensure their economic survival. In this context Part One examines and analyses the general pre-history and overall background of OPEC from a variety of different perspectives including but not limited to such relevant areas as international conflicts over the distribution of wealth and power between producers and consumers in particular, and between the developing and developed countries in general. Part Two considers the constitutional legal foundations of OPEC which are to be found in the original OPEC Resolution of 1960 and in its subsequent OPEC Statute (as amended) which defines the Organisation's aims and objectives, its internal structure, its decision-making processes, its financial resources and its dispute settlement procedures. Part Three of the thesis enlarges on this initial survey by examining OPEC's structure, composition, organs and membership in greater detail. Part Four considers OPEC's international legal status and its standing vis-a vis the larger international community and other international organisations. Part Four also considers OPEC in the context of the internationally recognised principle of a state's right to exercise permanent sovereignty over its natural resources, and therefore of the OPEC Members' rights to organise the production, marketing and pricing of their oil resources. Part Four also explores the proposition that although OPEC may not have been founded with the express contemplation of such international legal and economic milestones as the Havana Charter and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in mind, it has in fact proved to be quite consistent with International Commodity Agreements (ICAs) in more than one respect, while at the same time displaying characteristics which are uniquely different from a typical ICA. Bearing the above in mind, Parts Five and Six seek to examine OPEC's track record since its inception thirty-eight years ago. Part Five examines the decision-making processes and financial contributions in OPEC, while Part Six then focuses on OPEC's actual policies and resulting activities - and their legal significance. Finally, Part Seven is concerned with a general evaluation of the main features and relative failures and successes of OPEC up to now, as well as with a conclusion as to its future role, including - in order to enhance that role - recommendations as to how OPEC's practices and policy could perhaps be improved in the years to come. (N.B.: A more comprehensive summary appears in the Abstract on pages xi - xiv. )
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Abiola, Zulikat Wuraola. "The relationship between national cultures and managerial cultures in the petroleum industries in Anglophone and Francophone West Africa." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266201.
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Oladeinde, Olusegun Olurotimi. "Management and the dynamics of labour process: study of workplace relations in an oil refinery, Nigeria." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003087.
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The focus of this thesis is on labour-management relations in the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), Nigeria. The study explores current managerial practices in the corporation and their effects on the intensification of work, and how the management sought to control workers and the labour process. The study explores the experiences of workers and their perception of managerial practices. Evidence suggests that managerial practices and their impacts on workplace relations in NNPC have become more subtle, with wider implications for workers’ experience and the labour process. Using primary data obtained through interviews, participant observation, and documentary sources, the thesis assesses how managerial practices are varieties of controls of labour in which workers’ consent is also embedded. This embeddedness of the labour process generates new types of worker subjectivity and identity, with significant implications for labour relations. The study suggests that multiple dimensions of workers’ sense-making reflect the structural and subjective dimensions of the labour process. In NNPC, the consequence of managerial practices has been an emergence of a new type of subjectivity; one that has closely identified with the corporate values and is not overtly disposed towards resistance or dissent. While workers consent at NNPC continues to be an outcome of managerial practices, the thesis examined its implications. The thesis seeks to explain the effects of managerial control mechanisms in shaping workers’ experience and identity. However, the thesis shows that while workers remain susceptible to these forms of managerial influence, an erasure or closure of oppositions or recalcitrance will not adequately account for workers’ identity-formation. The thesis shows that while managerial control remains significant, workers inhabit domains that are ‘unmanaged’ and ‘unmanageable’ where ‘resistance’ and ‘misbehaviour’ reside. Without a conceptual and empirical interrogation, evidence of normative and mutual benefits of managerial practices or a submissive image of workers will produce images of workers that obscure their covert opposition and resistance. Workers ‘collude’ with the ‘hubris’ of management in order to invert and subvert managerial practices and intentions. Through theoretical reconceptualization, the thesis demonstrates the specific dimensions of these inversions and subversions. The thesis therefore seeks to re-insert “worker-agency” back into the analysis of power-relations in the workplace; agency that is not overtly under the absolute grip of managerial control, but with a multiplicity of identities and multilevel manifestations.
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Mithamo, Peter Ng'ang'a. "Use of high efficient motors for DSM in South Africa's petroleum refineries." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2212.
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Thesis (MTech (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012.Electric motors consume over 60% of the world's generated electricity. In South Africa approximately 65% of the energy generated is consumed by electric motors (Niekerk, 2009). About 95% of motors in use in South Africa are Standard-Efficient Motors (SE-motors) that operate at an average efficiency of 84% to 90%, depending on the size of the motor and the load driven by them. High-Efficient motors (HE-motor) run at an efficiency of 2% to 8% higher than that of SE-motors. In recent years, a drive to replace SE-motors with HE-motors has been promoted for the purpose of Demand Side Management (DSM). The rationale of using HE-motors as a tool of DSM is to harness a small difference in operating efficiency per motor, which can result in a huge reduction in electricity consumption, depending on the number of HE-motors that will replace SE-motors. Reducing the demand for electricity is the key driving factor for DSM in South Africa, so as to relieve the already stressed power generation capacity. Other consequential factors of DSM are to reduce the amount of pollutant gases emitted into the atmosphere. To the electricity users DSM will be a great incentive, as reduced consumption of electricity will decrease the amount of money spent on electricity. Much has been written on the ability of HE-motors to reduce electricity consumption, cost of electricity and global pollution. ESKOM has even demonstrated the faith they have in these motors by giving rebates to motor users who are willing to exchange their existing SE-motors with new HE-motors. The rebates are paid by ESKOM through a newly established DSM program. However, it must be mentioned that savings through HE-motors is not a perfect guarantee. HE-motors have inherent design limitations that may inhibit the saving of energy. To achieve higher efficiency, HE-motors are designed to operate on a smaller slip that consequently increases their speed compared to that of SE-motors (Cheek et al., 1995). Higher rotor speed impacts energy saving abilities of HE-motors when they are used to drive fans, pumps and compressors, normally referred to as centrifugal loads. An increase in speed results in a proportional increase in flow. Power consumed by a motor goes up as a cube of the speed, and the flow rate increases linearly with speed. Motor loads in the petrochemical industry are generally centrifugal, and that is why this thesis focuses on refineries.
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Oosthuizen, J. F. (Jan Francois). "A critique of the use of real option valuation to evaluate an oil industry refining project." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50245.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The oil industry is under pressure to select refinery projects that will provide higher and more predictable returns. In the past Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) techniques have been used to choose between refinery project alternatives. One of the problems with DCF techniques is that they ignore management flexibility when evaluating projects that contain embedded options. Real Option Valuation (ROV) is an approach that takes management flexibility into account and places a value on this flexibility. ROV has been used extensively by the oil industry for the evaluation of oil and gas reserves. The aim of this study is to determine the extent to which the use of ROV will improve the decision making process when evaluating a refining project containing embedded options as well as to determine the most appropriate option valuation method for refining projects. This was done by evaluating a refining project using both a probabilistic DCF approach and the various option pricing models and comparing the results. It was concluded that ROV will improve the decision making process when evaluating refining projects containing embedded options. The most appropriate option pricing method for refining projects was found to be the simulation approach since simulation is already being used by refineries to perform probabilistic DCF analysis. It is not recommended that ROV should be blindly applied to all refining projects containing embedded options. The use of ROV should be limited to larger refining projects for which probabilistic cash flows have been developed and the extent of the ROV analysis required should be determined by a careful review of the net present value (NPV) cumulative probability curves.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die olie industrie is onder druk geplaas om projekte te kies met 'n hoër opbrengs op kapitaal en 'n opbrengs wat meer voorspelbaar is. In die verlede is slegs die Verdiskonteerde Kontant Vloei (VKV) metode gebruik om projekte te selekteer vir die raffinadery. Een van die onderliggende tekortkominge met die gebruik van die VKV metode is dat verskillende bestuursopsies in terme van alternatiewe met ingeboude opsies, nie voldoende ondersoek word nie. Reële Opsie Waardasie (ROW) is 'n metode wat bestuursopsies in ag neem deur 'n waarde te plaas op elke beskikbare bestuursopsie. ROW het wye toepassings in die olie industrie vir die evaluasie van gas en olie reserves. Die doel van hierdie studie is om te bepaal tot watter mate die gebruik van ROW die besluitnemingsproses sal verbeter in terme van die evaluasie van projekte met ingeboude opsies vir raffinaderye en watter opsiewaardasie metode die mees geskikte is vir sulke projekte. 'n Raffinadery projek is evalueer deur beide KV en verskeie opsie-prysbepalingsmetodes te gebruik en die resultate is vergelyk. Die resultate van die studie het bewys dat die ROW metode die besluitnemingsproses verbeter. Die studie het gewys dat die mees geskikte opsie-waardasie metode vir projekte in the raffinadery die simulasie benadering is omdat simulasie alreeds vir probalisties VKV ontleding gebruik word. 'n Verdere aanbeveling is dat die ROW metode nie blindelings gevolg moet word vir alle projekte met ingeboude opsies nie. Die gebruik van ROW moet beperk word tot groter projekte waarvoor probabilistiese kontantvloei alreeds ontwikkel is. Die mate van ROW ontleding moet bepaal word deur 'n noukeurige ondersoek te doen van die kumulatiewe netto huidige waarde-waarskynlikheidskurwe.
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Norouzi, Saba. "Measuring Iranian Petroleum Downstream Supply Chain Management Performance; : A Combination of Analytical Hierarchy Process and Balance Score Card." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-128168.
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Petroleum downstream is a strategic and important industry for any nation. It supplies most of transport and travel needs and provides petrochemical business raw material, which is one of the infrastructure industries. Considering the importance of petroleum downstream and due to a very volatile crude and product market, one of the industry’s main targets is to meet customers’ requirements with administrating downstream supply chain efficiently. Supply chain management (SCM) is a strategic tool to enhance an organization’s productivity, profitability and certifying the success of business. Performance of SCM can indicate how successfully the supply chain is able to deal with its aim, which is increasing profit by increasing value to the customer. For evaluating the performance of SCM, a measurement system is required to determine its progress toward the main goal. In this thesis, the main concern is to propose a performance measurement method which is applicable for petroleum downstream SCM. For this purpose literature review is used to develop a model in Iran petroleum downstream. As a result of the research a numerical performance measurement model is suggested for Iranian downstream petroleum industry which is a combination of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Balance Score card (BSC). One of the main features of this model is that it is applicable for industry level and can be used for benchmarking one SCM against another. Key words: Supply chain management, Performance measurement, Petroleum downstream supply chain, Balance score card, Analytical hierarchy process.
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Wayland, Robert F. (Robert Franklin). "Criteria by Which Ad Hoc Labor Arbitrators are Selected by Union and Management Advocates in the Petroleum Refining Industry." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331537/.
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A non-experimental, descriptive study was conducted to examine the criteria by which ad hoc labor arbitrators are selected in the petroleum refining industry. Three factors — arbitrator background, recognition, and arbitration practice — were examined to determine their relative importance to advocates selecting ad hoc labor arbitrators. The population of the study consisted of management and labor union advocates in the petroleum refining industry who routinely select ad hoc labor arbitrators.
Participating management and union advocates completed a questionnaire used to gather respondents' evaluations of criteria considered in the selection of ad hoc arbitrators. Responses to statements designed for measuring relative importance of the criteria considered were recorded. Descriptive statistics, discriminant analysis, and tests of significance were used in the treatment of the data.
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Ellis, Maryke Louise. "Potential impact of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Amendment Bill on investment in South Africa's upstream oil and gas industry." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15747.
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The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Amendment Bill has drawn criticism from industry experts and the press. There are a number of amendments that could be damaging to future investment in South Africa's upstream oil and gas industry. This study examines the key changes brought about by the Bill, South Africa's fiscal terms, how the fiscal terms are impacted by the Bill and current activity in South Africa's upstream oil and gas sector. The report then focuses on the most significant change made by the Bill, which is the level of State Participation. A fit for purpose economic model was built and the resulting cash flows were used to calculate the economic indicators presented in the results. The results from the model indicate how the increase in State Participation levels affects the ranking of South Africa's fiscal terms and the profitability of hypothetical investment opportunities. When ranked on fiscal terms, the country moves from having some of the best terms in Africa without the new Bill, to a position where the fiscal terms can be described as average or even onerous, depending on the interpretation of the State Participation clause. Accordingly, the result of the hypothetical investment opportunity has very positive economic indicators without the changes from the new Bill. If the most optimistic interpretation of the State Participation clause is modelled, the opportunity is less attractive but still viable and if the most pessimistic interpretation is modelled, the opportunity would not warrant investment. Even though South Africa has limited reserves, significant exploration activity is taking place under the existing legal and fiscal framework. If the Bill is implemented in its current format, it is likely that the country will see a significant decline in investment in the upstream oil and gas industry. Attracting new investment by international oil and gas companies in an environment governed by the terms of the proposed Bill will be challenging.
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Wakeford, Jeremy J. "Socioeconomic implications of global oil depletion for South Africa : vulnerabilities, impacts and transition to sustainability." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71729.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Oil is the quintessential resource in the modern industrial economy. It accounts for a third of world primary energy, fuels 95% of global transport systems, sustains a highly mechanised agribusiness and food distribution industry, and provides the feedstock for a staggering array of petrochemical products. Historically, global economic growth has been closely coupled with consumption of energy in general and oil in particular. Yet oil is a finite resource subject to depletion, which has profound implications for the long-term sustainability of industrial civilisation. This dissertation addresses a serious dearth of attention given to this vital subject within South African energy, economic and policy discourses. The overarching aims are to understand the implications of global oil depletion for socioeconomic welfare in South Africa and to propose viable strategies and policies for mitigating and adapting to potential negative impacts. A comparative evaluation of three fields of study found that neoclassical economics is limited by its monistic and reductionist approach and its failure to adequately incorporate energy into its key theoretical models, whereas ecological economics and the socioecological systems approach together provide an appropriate, holistic lens for analysing the role of energy in socioeconomic systems. In this view, energy is the master resource: it is a pre-requisite for economic activity and societal complexity. A review of the literature on global oil depletion finds that a peak and decline in world oil production appears imminent, while world oil exports most likely peaked in 2005. Moreover, the energy return on (energy) investment (EROI) for global oil production is on a declining trend. The world oil peak thus marks the end of the era of cheap and abundant oil. Increasing oil scarcity will likely be reflected in oil prices following a rising trend with heightened volatility. While there are many potential substitutes for oil, all have significant limitations, most have lower EROI than oil, and it may take decades to scale them up sufficiently. Many aspects of the South African socioeconomic system are either directly or indirectly dependent on petroleum fuels, while structural features of the economy and society render them vulnerable to external shocks. Historical evidence and empirical models suggest that oil price and supply shocks will have debilitating socioeconomic impacts. Under business-as-usual policies and behaviours, future oil scarcity will likely lead at best to a gradual contraction in the economy with rising unemployment and inflation, and at worst to systemic collapse of interconnected critical infrastructure systems. A comprehensive range of mitigation measures are proposed, including accelerated investments in renewable energy and electrified mass transport, agro-ecological farming, greening the economy, monetary system reform, and rationing schemes to protect the most vulnerable members of society. Together these measures can build resilience to shocks and gradually decouple economic activity from petroleum consumption. A successful societal transition from a fossil fuel based industrial regime to a sustainable socioeconomic regime requires purposive government intervention, the promotion of sustainability-oriented innovations in technology and institutions, and the political will to surmount obstacles such as powerful vested interests and socio-technical lock-in.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Olie is die kern-hulpmiddel in die moderne bedryfsgerigte ekonomie. Dit is verantwoordelik vir ’n derde van die wêreld se primêre energie, verskaf die aandrywing vir 95% van alle vervoerstelsels, onderhou ’n hoogs gemeganiseerde landboubedryf en voedselverspreidingsnywerheid, en voorsien die voerstof vir ’n verstommende reeks petrochemiese produkte. Histories beskou, is globale ekonomiese groei ten nouste gekoppel aan die verbruik van energie oor die algemeen en aan olie in die besonder. Tog is olie ’n beperkte hulpbron wat onderworpe is aan uitputting en lediging, en dit hou gevolglik onmeetlike implikasies vir die algemene langtermyn volhoubaarheid van nywerhede in. Dié verhandeling neem die ernstige gebrek aan aandag binne Suid-Afrikaanse diskoerse oor energie, ekonomie en beleidsrigtings wat betref hierdie lewensbelangrike onderwerp, in oënskou. Die oorkoepelende doelwitte is om die implikasies van globale olie-uitputting op sosio-ekonomiese welvaart in Suid-Afrika te begryp, en om lewensvatbare strategieë en beleidsrigtings voor te stel waarvolgens potensiële negatiewe invloede getemper en by aangepas kan word. ’n Vergelykende evaluering van drie studieterreine het bevind neoklassieke ekonomie is beperk weens sy monistiese en verlagingsbenadering en sy mislukking om energie doelmatig in te sluit by sy sleutel teoretiese modelle, terwyl die benaderings van die ekologiese ekonomie en die sosio-ekologiese stelsels saam ’n toepaslike holistiese lens bied vir die analisering van die rol van energie in sosio-ekonomiese stelsels. In dié opsig is energie die meester-hulpmiddel: dit is ’n voorvereiste vir ekonomiese bedrywigheid en gemeenskapsverbondenheid. ’n Oorsig van die literatuur oor globale olie-lediging toon dat ’n toppunt en daling in wêreldolieproduksie onvermydelik blyk te wees – globale olie-uitvoer het na alle waarskynlikheid sy toppunt in 2005 bereik. Voorts toon die energie-opbrengs op (energie) investering, ofte wel EROI, ten opsigte van wêreldolieproduksie ’n dalende tendens. Die wêreldolie-toppunt dui dus op die einde van die era van goedkoop en oorvloedige olie. Toenemende olieskaarste sal waarskynlik blyk uit oliepryse wat ’n stygende tendens volg gepaard met verskerpte veranderlikheid. Hoewel daar talle potensiële plaasvervangers vir olie bestaan, het almal beduidende beperkinge, die meeste se EROI is laer as olie s’n en dit kan dekades duur alvorens hulle genoegsaam opgegradeer sal kan word. Vele aspekte van die Suid-Afrikaanse sosio-ekonomiese stelsel is of direk of indirek afhanklik van petroleum-brandstowwe, terwyl strukturele kenmerke van die ekonomie en samelewing hulle kwesbaar vir eksterne skokke laat. Lesse uit die verlede en empiriese modelle dui daarop dat die olieprys en skokke rondom die voorsiening daarvan verlammende sosio-ekonomiese impakte en invloede tot gevolg sal hê. Onder ’n sake-soos-gewoonlik-beleid en optrede, sal toekomstige olieskaarste, optimisties beskou, waarskynlik aanleiding gee tot geleidelike inkrimping van die ekonomie met gepaardgaande stygende werkloosheid en inflasie – pessimisties beskou, kan dit die sistematiese ineenstorting van kritiesbelangrike en onderling verbonde infrastruktuurstelsels beteken. ’n Omvattende reeks verligtingsmaatreëls word voorgestel, insluitende versnelde investering in hernubare energie en geëlektrifiseerde massavervoer, agro-ekologiese landbou, vergroening van die ekonomie, monetêre stelselhervorming en rantsoeneringskemas om die mees kwesbare lede van die samelewing te beskerm. Saam kan dié maatreëls veerkragtigheid vestig teen skokke en ekonomiese bedrywigheid geleidelik van petroleumverbruik losmaak. ’n Geslaagde samelewingsoorgang van ’n fossielbrandstof-gebaseerde nywerheidsbestel na ’n volhoubare sosio-ekonomiese bestel vereis doelmatige regeringsintervensie, die bevordering van volhoubaar-georiënteerde innovasies in
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Rammutla, Tshegofatso Matsobane. "Fiscal stability assurance in petroleum agreements : a best practice model for the modern fiscal stabilisation clause." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60086.
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The petroleum industry is beset with risks that can threaten the commercial viability of extractive companies. These risks also pose a danger to the economies of countries and the jobs of the men and women on the ground. Some of these risks are unavoidable and come part and parcel with extracting hydrocarbons. However, fiscal risk is something that can be managed and thereby minimized ? for the good of both the state hosting the resource and the extractive company. A number of tools exist to manage this risk; this study looks at the fiscal stabilisation clause as it is a particularly popular option for investors.
The study takes a qualitative approach through an investigation into literary works and explores how and why the fiscal stabilization clause has become a popular option for fiscal risk management. These clauses have been heavily criticized by various stakeholders and yet they remain as relevant today as when they were first shaped in the 20th century. The study also looks at the controversy surrounding the validity of such clauses by examining various legal sources ? particularly doctrinal writings and international arbitration rulings. The investigation reveals a shift in the stabilisation clause?s scope, and more importantly its objective, over the years. Drafters as well as legal opinion seems to be at odds with the restrictive nature of yesteryear clauses, which may unjustly tie the hands of a host state ? and as such a more balanced approach is sought.
These considerations lead to the main thrust of the study which is to determine what practical drafting steps can be taken to ensure the efficacy of these clauses. The focus leans on the most pertinent substantive components that such a clause should contain to ensure the risks and benefits of resource development are shared fairly. The procedure and objective of the renegotiation mechanism contained the clause is particularly important as it is this key ingredient that makes or breaks the fiscal stability of a project. The study builds on extensive writings on the subject and attempts to build a body of best practice in this regard.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Public Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Gordon, Greg. "The legal management of risk in oil and gas operations upon the United Kingdom continental shelf." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231443.
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This thesis is concerned with the legal management of risk in oil and gas operations upon the United Kingdom Continental Shelf. The work focusses in particular upon geological risk, political risk and the regulatory and commercial risks pertaining to major accidents. Geological risk relates to the fact that generally, oil and gas is concealed within geological formations in the deep underground. Exploration activity is, as a result, both difficult and expensive. The thesis considers the extent to which the UK's chosen licensing system has struck an appropriate balance on who should bear the risk of failure of such operations. Political risk involves (on the one hand) the risks faced by investors in interacting with the state and (on the other) the risks faced by the state when designing its regulatory system. Investors are in a precarious position due to the high level of capital investment and long-term nature of oil and gas operations: they are therefore concerned to ensure stability and autonomy of operation. The state, on the other hand, is concerned that it is not taken advantage of by the (usually more knowledgeable) industry player when designing its regulatory system. The risk of major accident is reflected both in regulation of health, safety and the environment and in the contractual arrangements entered into by commercial entities in order to determine which party should bear ultimate liability in the event that an accident causes wide-spread loss. Having regard to the example of the law applied on the UK continental shelf, the thesis demonstrates that while risk can never be wholly removed from oil and gas operations, the law can be effectively used to mitigate risk and thereafter to facilitate he appropriate distribution of such residual levels of risk as remain.
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Soobader, Saleem Fazul-Haque. "Measuring the success of global oil and gas corporate mergers and acquisitions from a financial perspective." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3148.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Successful merger and acquisitions (M & A) from a financial perspective increases shareholder value. This paper examines the effect of corporate mergers and acquisitions (M & A) on shareholder value. A discussion on shareholder value follows with reasons why companies choose M & A as a growth strategy. The type of M & A strategy affects the value it creates. A literature review of M & A activity during the five periods in the twentieth century, referred to as merger waves, provides an understanding of the conditions which precipitate M & A activity. However, failure of companies that engage in M & A activity has not resulted in a decline in the popularity of M & A. This study identifies and subsequently analyses data (profitability ratios) on 34 upstream oil and gas companies that have engaged in M & A activity. Profitability ratios indicate the financial performance of a company and ultimately shareholder value. In order to obtain the best possible insights into the behaviour of the identified variables and their impact on shareholder value, the specific variables are empirically tested over different time periods through the application of two statistical tests performed on the data. The empirical analysis is based on a total of 324 observations gathered by Evaluate Energy for global oil and gas companies and covers the period 1995 to 2005. The results of the different testing methods, although subject to certain limitations, give reason to believe that the M & A leads to an erosion of shareholder value. Hence the appropriate reasons for embarking on an M & A strategy and the comprehensive pre-acquisition evaluation thereof, is tantamount to M & A success.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vanuit ‘n finansiële oogpunt kan suksesvolle samesmeltings en aanskaffings (S & A) aandeelhouers-waarde verhoog en hierdie werkstuk ontleed die effek wat korporatiewe S & A’s op aandeelhouers-waarde het. ‘n Bespreking oor aandeelhouers-waarde volg en verskaf redes waarom maatskappye S & A’s as ‘n groeistrategie verkies en hoe die tipe S & A strategie wat gevolg word die waarde wat dit skep affekteer. Gedurende die 20ste eeu was daar vyf tydperke waarin S & A aktiwiteite hoog was, die sogenaamde “merger waves” en ‘n ontleding van literatuur gedurende hierdie tydperke verskaf ‘n begrip van die omstandighede wat aanleiding gee tot S & A aktiwiteite. Alhoewel sommige S & A’s onsuksesvol is, bly dit ‘n populêre keuse by maatskappye om aandeelhouers-waarde te probeer verhoog. Hierdie studie identifiseer en analiseer data (winsgewendheids-verhoudings) van 34 “upstream” olie- en gasmaatskappye wat een of ander tyd in ‘n S & A betrokke was. Winsgewendheids-verhoudings dui op die finansiële prestasie van maatskappye en uiteindelik op aandeelhouers-waarde. Ten einde die beste insae in die optrede van die geidentifiseerde veranderlikes en hul impak op aandeelhouers-waarde te kry, is die spesifieke veranderlikes numeries getoets oor verskillende tydperke deur middel van twee statistiese modelle. Die numeriese analises is gebaseer op 324 waarnemings deur Evaluate Energy op internasionale olie- en gasmaatskappye tussen 1995 en 2005. Die uitslae van die verskillende metodes van toets, ingesluit sekere beperkings, dui daarop dat S & A’s oor die algemeen lei tot ‘n vermindering in aandeelhouers-waarde en daarom is dit van kardinale belang om ‘n beproefde S & A strategie te ontwikkel voordat ‘n S & A aangepak word.
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Rashid, Saif AL Amri Raiya. "An Institutional Perspective on Talent Management: Four Case Studies in the Banking and Petroleum Sectors in the Sultanate of Oman." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16002.
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Talent Management (TM) is of growing interest within academia and in the strategic HRM literature in particular. Despite many attempts to study TM from different perspectives, it remains an ambiguous and elusive concept that is difficult to define and hence challenging to explore and address. Studies on TM are based within Western contexts and therefore it is questionable whether TM models and theories are transferable to other nations and contexts. This research examines the nature of TM in the Middle Eastern context of Oman, from the perspective of Institutional Theory. Through a qualitative, multiple case-study approach, data was collected from four banking and petroleum-sector organisations through semi-structured interviews. The findings suggest that the different influences of institutional pressures (e.g. nationalisation, competition, organisational characteristics) have significantly shaped TM in these organisations. The findings show that TM effectiveness and sustainability depends upon a range of factors including: generational differences, employee expectations, the role of expatriates and national culture. Thus, TM and its approach has to be understood and framed within the context of institutions which interact with organisational characteristics; this shapes the way in which the organisations define their TM approach in order to seek legitimacy, business continuity and effectiveness.