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Journal articles on the topic 'Petroleum refineries'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Prasad, B. J., and D. N. Rao. "Phytomonitoring of Air Pollution in the Vicinity of a Petroleum Refinery." Environmental Conservation 12, no. 4 (1985): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900034470.

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Petroleum refineries are major sources of air pollution, giving off particulate matter, volatile hydrocarbons, and oxides of sulphur and nitrogen. The field-study here reported was conducted in the vicinity of Barauni Petroleum Refinery, in the Begusarai district of Bihar, India, with the objects of measuring the level of pollution through phytomonitoring and assessing the overall impact of the Refinery's emissions on vegetation.

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2

Hodgson, J. E., and L. C. Bendiak. "Stormwater Management for Petroleum Refineries." Canadian Water Resources Journal 12, no. 3 (January 1987): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4296/cwrj1203038.

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3

Valenti, Michael. "Upping the Systems." Mechanical Engineering 121, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-oct-1.

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Manufacturers and processors are improving the energy efficiency of their plant motor-driven systems by as much as 30 percent under the auspices of the Motor Challenge program of the US Department of Energy (DOE). Among the facilities that are beneficiaries of the Motor Challenge are a Chevron petroleum refinery in Richmond, California, a Cummins Engine diesel engine assembly plant in Columbus, IN, and a Blue Circle quarry in Lithonia, GA. Petroleum refineries are prime candidates for improvement in energy efficiency; roughly 40 percent of their operating cost is incurred by energy demands. Chevron, one of the largest petroleum refiners in the United States, operates six gasoline-producing refineries, including one in Richmond, CA. McBroom Electric used the DOE's MotorMaster+ software to perform the audit. The audit forecast a short payback period for replacing standard motors withenergy efficient models. Blue Circle now uses MotorMaster+ at its cement plant and several ready-mix facilities to evaluate replacement motor purchases based on life cycle costs instead of initial costs.

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4

Seo, Hyeokjun, and Dong-Yeun Koh. "Refining petroleum with membranes." Science 376, no. 6597 (June 3, 2022): 1053–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abq3186.

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5

Winters, Jeffrey. "A Case of the Vapors." Mechanical Engineering 126, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2004-dec-1.

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With domestic refining capacity falling behind domestic demand, imports have taken on a new role: smoothing out any mismatches between gasoline supply and demand. Gasoline is sold on a worldwide spot market, and international refiners know that every gallon of gasoline will be bought by someone, somewhere. Some 40 percent of American gas imports now come from Western Europe. European refiners are looking to solve this problem by switching refining technologies. Hydrocracking, which is a high-pressure process that relies on hydrogen to saturate various products, will enable them to make more diesel from a given barrel of petroleum, and less gasoline. The change in American fuel standards has tilted the playing field for would-be exporters. The reduction in sulfur content has taken many refineries in South America out of the running as suppliers of gasoline to the United States. Until these refineries make the necessary upgrade, imports may be restricted to advanced, First World refineries, such as Total’s and Irving’s facilities. The EIA projects that Western Europe will remain a dominant exporter of gasoline to the United States for at least another decade due to its high-tech refineries and its proximity to East Coast ports.

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6

Itsekor, Lucky. "A Need for Investment in Nigerian Crude Oil Refining and Infrastructures: A Panacea to Refined Petroleum Shortages and Economic Growth." Archives of Business Research 8, no. 4 (April 12, 2020): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.84.7951.

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Despite the abundance of occurring natural crude oil resources, Nigeria continually suffers shortages of refined petroleum products, which undermines economic development of the country. The purpose of this multicase study was to explore the strategic role of how investment in petroleum refineries and infrastructures can improve supply and hence mitigate shortages or scarcity of refined petroleum products in the petroleum supply chain and enhance economic development in Nigeria. The research participants comprise of ten senior leaders from two private-sector Nigerian downstream petroleum supply companies located in the Niger Delta region, who had effectively implemented strategies for petroleum supply. The conceptual framework for the study was the resource based view theory. Data were collected through semistructured face-to-face interviews and review of operational and policy documents from the supply or marketing petroleum companies. Data were transcribed, analyzed, and validated through member checking and triangulation. The discoveries indicate the need to establish more refineries, privatize the existing moribund refineries, and build more infrastructures in Nigeria. Findings may be used by petroleum leaders and investors to optimize available crude oil natural resources, and to create investment strategies in the petroleum supply chain, leading to product availability, sustainability, poverty reduction, and economic development in Nigeria.

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7

Carpenter, Chris. "Modular Refineries Offer Advantages for Product Availability in Nigeria." Journal of Petroleum Technology 75, no. 12 (December 1, 2023): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1223-0066-jpt.

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_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 211932, “Imperatives of Modular Refineries and Their Impact on Product Availability in Nigeria,” by Evelyn Bose Ekeinde and Adewale Dosunmu, SPE, Federal University Otuoke, and Diepiriye Chenaboso Okujagu, University of Port Harcourt, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. _ Nigeria is rich in crude oil, with a proven reserve of 37 billion bbl. Despite the abundance of this resource, Nigeria has lacked the capacity to meet the country’s demand for petroleum products locally and has resorted to their importation. Establishing conventional refineries is highly capital-intensive, and they take a significant amount of time to build and commission. The modular refinery option is a less capital-intensive alternative. The complete paper discusses the promise of modular refineries and their potential effects on the availability of petroleum products in Nigeria. Introduction Despite its large reserves of crude oil and a combined in-country refining capacity of 445,000 B/D from four state-owned refineries, Nigeria has been plagued with challenges in local refinement. These refineries have operated grossly below installed capacity for decades, operating at a capacity hovering between 15 and 25%. The inability to harness local refining to meet demands for petroleum products has turned Nigeria into a net importer. Modular Refineries A modular refinery is a processing plant composed entirely of skid-mounted structures, each of which comprises a part of the entire processing plant. Various components are connected through interstitial pipes to create a highly manageable process. They are smaller than conventional refineries, with processing capacities ranging from 1,000 to 30,000 B/D. Essentially, modular refineries are mini-refineries. Modular topping plants or crude distillation units are the most straightforward and cost-effective method of extracting valuable fuels from crude oil. Within 14 months of contract execution, a topping plant can be operational, providing host communities with vital fuels for automobiles, power generation, and job possibilities. Furthermore, construction of a modular refinery is less capital-intensive, ranging from $1 million to $15 million, compared with a conventional refinery, which could cost up to hundreds of millions or even billions of dollars, depending on the refinery’s complexity and configuration. Many configurations featuring different degrees of sophistication exist for modular mini-refineries. They include the following: - Atmospheric topping unit—This is an inexpensive distillation unit that can make diesel and kerosene from raw crude oil. Naphtha and fuel oil also can be byproducts. - Topping unit with gasoline train—This option features the addition of regenerative agents or hydrotherapy, thus producing high-octane unleaded gasoline and high-octane liquefied petroleum gas. This configuration can put together isomerization units to make more premium unleaded gasoline. It also can make more gasoline with a higher octane rating. - Vacuum distillation unit—The addition of a second distillation tower to separate the fuel components from the atmospheric tower results in clean heavy diesel (vacuum gas oil) and dirty heavy residual oil. - Hydrocracker unit, full conversion—The hydrocracker unit (which has a high capital cost) transforms light and heavy gas oils into more-marketable products with a lower boiling point. The yield of a hydrocracker unit may add to the profitability of a refinery.

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8

Pinto, J. M., and L. F. L. Moro. "A planning model for petroleum refineries." Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 17, no. 4-7 (December 2000): 575–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-66322000000400022.

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9

TAKANO, Akinobu. "Industrial waste treatment at petroleum refineries." Journal of the Fuel Society of Japan 69, no. 11 (1990): 1001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3775/jie.69.11_1001.

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10

Alshammari, Jadea S., Fatma K. Gad, Ahmed A. M. Elgibaly, and Abdul Rehman Khan. "Solid Waste Management in Petroleum Refineries." American Journal of Environmental Sciences 4, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2008.353.361.

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11

Adeleke, Tunde Basit, A. C. Igboanugo, and N. B. Chime. "Factorial Study of Bottlenecks in Nigerian Petroleum Refineries." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 5 (May 20, 2019): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.5.1262.

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Bottlenecks in the refineries lead to the disruption of refinery operations which result in production loss and time wastage. Nigerian refineries are four and they have not been able to work optimally as they have failed to produce up to their installed capacity. A lot of factors are contributing to this and are known as bottlenecks. This study was taken so as to identify those bottlenecks in the refineries with a view of making them known so that actions can be taken to tackle them and get Nigerian Refineries move from their pariah states to a welcome state. Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance (K.C.C) and Principal Component Analysis (P.C.A) which are tools in factor analysis were employed. The K.C.C helped in ranking the identified variables according to their order of importance while the PCA helped to achieve parsimony through factor reduction. The results obtained revealed that the experts ranking of the thirty two scale items were in agreement at an alpha level of 0.01 and the computed coefficient of concordance was 0.51which is substantial. The thirty two scale items were able to be reduced into mere five clusters by PCA. A lone variable cluster which was labeled creatively ‘Government interference’ came up trump and account for most of the challenges being experienced in the Refineries. Other clusters labeled creatively were Eclectic issues, organizational management, Supply Chain Architecture and Personnel Management. The import of this is that government interference needs to be removed if refineries are to work optimally and the remaining four clusters should also be looked at in order to tackle these bottlenecks.

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12

Adeleke, Tunde Basit, A. C. Igboanugo, and N. B. Chime. "A Factorial Study of Bottlenecks in Nigerian Petroleum Refineries." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 5 (May 20, 2019): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.5.1262.

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Bottlenecks in the refineries lead to the disruption of refinery operations which result in production loss and time wastage. Nigerian refineries are four and they have not been able to work optimally as they have failed to produce up to their installed capacity. A lot of factors are contributing to this and are known as bottlenecks. This study was taken so as to identify those bottlenecks in the refineries with a view of making them known so that actions can be taken to tackle them and get Nigerian Refineries move from their pariah states to a welcome state. Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance (K.C.C) and Principal Component Analysis (P.C.A) which are tools in factor analysis were employed. The K.C.C helped in ranking the identified variables according to their order of importance while the PCA helped to achieve parsimony through factor reduction. The results obtained revealed that the experts ranking of the thirty two scale items were in agreement at an alpha level of 0.01 and the computed coefficient of concordance was 0.51which is substantial. The thirty two scale items were able to be reduced into mere five clusters by PCA. A lone variable cluster which was labeled creatively ‘Government interference’ came up trump and account for most of the challenges being experienced in the Refineries. Other clusters labeled creatively were Eclectic issues, organizational management, Supply Chain Architecture and Personnel Management. The import of this is that government interference needs to be removed if refineries are to work optimally and the remaining four clusters should also be looked at in order to tackle these bottlenecks.

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13

Liu, Wen Bin. "The Programming Model about Petroleum Pipeline." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 2704–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.2704.

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Through two refineries to the railway line distance and the distance between the two refineries of different situations, the nonlinear programming model is set up. In the model through the economic and security programs for the laying of oil pipelines, pipeline price oil pipeline on the laying of the program, the city laying pipelines on the pipeline laying of additional costs related to the analysis of the problem, we solve the problem. We solve the problem of oil pipeline layout, and give the best solution to the laying of oil pipelines.

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14

Wang, Michael, Hanjie Lee, and John Molburg. "Allocation of energy use in petroleum refineries to petroleum products." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 9, no. 1 (January 2004): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02978534.

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15

Damian, Cristina. "Environmental pollution in the petroleum refining industry." Analele Universitatii "Ovidius" Constanta - Seria Chimie 24, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2013-0018.

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AbstractThe petroleum refining industry has a significant influence on the total pollution of the environment by industrial discharges and wastes. In the operation of petroleum refineries, the atmosphere is polluted with hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and other toxic substances. The main pollutants are sulfur dioxide and hydrocarbons. The fresh water used by refineries in product cooling is returned to the original source of water containing crude oil, petroleum products, and mineral salts as contaminants. The extent of air and water pollution depends on the particular processing technology, control measures that are employed and also on the scale of the processing. In working out these measures, the primary attention of scientific-research institutes and design and planning organizations must be directed not only towards how to reduce the contaminating and poisoning action of industrial discharges on the environment, but primarily towards preventing or minimizing these discharges in the refineries.

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16

Al_qasaab, Mohammed R., Ghassan Wafee Hammoud, and Jameel T. Al-Naffakh. "Corrosion Mechanism and Countermeasures in Oil Refineries - Comprehensive Review." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 13, no. 4 (December 12, 2023): 78–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v13i4.707.

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Due to the international economic growth reliance on petroleum, corrosion is a critical problem for refineries and it has attracted considerable attention in recent times. There is a plethora of knowledge on the prevention of corrosion in petroleum refineries, but it is distributed among several scholarly studies. Therefore, a comprehensive and current analysis of corrosion prevention in refineries is required. Corrosion issues at several refinery units are examined in this paper. In addition, the foundations of the corrosion issue and modern mitigation techniques, like refinery design, cathode safeguard, inhibitors, and covering protection, were investigated. Study concludes by pointing out knowledge gaps, collecting adequate data on refinery facility corrosion, and offering suggestions for future studies.

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17

Sabah Mohamed, Reem, Marius Bănică, Renata Radulescu, and Timur Chis. "USE OF GENETIC ALGORITHMS IN CREATING OIL BLENDS REQUIRED FOR REFINERY DISTILLATION PLAN." Romanian Journal of Petroleum & Gas Technology 3 (74), no. 2 (2022): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.51865/jpgt.2022.02.09.

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"In Romania, the oil refineries were designed to process the crude oil extracted from the deposits located in their immediate vicinity (Suplacu de Barcău Refinery, 1 Mai Refinery, Câmpina Refinery, Vega Refinery and Dărmănești Refinery), to process crude oil imported from external oil basins (Onești Refinery, Brazi Refinery, Teleajen Refinery, Midia Refinery and Pitești Refinery) and to process crude oil from the Muntenia and Oltenia oil basins (Brazi Refinery and Pitești refinery). The closing of some refineries after 1990, the reduction of crude oil imports and especially the tightening of the quality conditions of the delivered petroleum products (the need to reduce the sulphur content of petroleum products, the use of bio-fuels) led to the reconsideration of deliveries to the refineries that remained in operation, through the creation of mixtures of crude oils extracted from Romania (for the Brazi Refinery) and the import of crude oil mixtures for the Teleajen and Midia Refineries, which would ensure the new quality conditions of finished petroleum products. The article describe how to create crude oil blends according to refinery requirements, using both classical estimation methods and genetic algorithms to determine the variation in the properties of these blends. "

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18

Valand, Pratik P. "The Challenges and Future Prospects of India’s Petroleum Products Refineries." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 6 (October 1, 2011): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/june2014/20.

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19

Vdovenko, Sergyi, Sergyi Boichenko, and Victoria Kochubei. "Composition and Properties of Petroleum Sludge Produced at the Refineries." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 9, no. 2 (May 15, 2015): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht09.02.257.

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20

Shut'ko, A. P., and V. F. Sorochenko. "Reagent treatment of wastewater in petroleum refineries." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 24, no. 4 (April 1988): 184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00725198.

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21

Shahzad, Asim, Samina Siddiqui, and Asghari Bano. "Rhizoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon, prospects and future." RSC Advances 6, no. 110 (2016): 108347–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra12458e.

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22

Olujobi, Olusola Joshua, Elizabeta Smaranda Olarinde, and Tunde Ebenezer Yebisi. "The Conundrums of Illicit Crude Oil Refineries in Nigeria and Its Debilitating Effects on Nigeria’s Economy: A Legal Approach." Energies 15, no. 17 (August 25, 2022): 6197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176197.

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Nigeria’s oil industry encounters crude oil theft in commercial quantities, which is often exported to neighbouring countries. This has occasioned a loss of revenue and has caused environmental pollution due to oil spillages. There is a need for a stringent legal framework to combat the menace caused by incessant crude oil thefts, pipeline vandalisation by militants, and inadequate maintenance of existing crude oil refineries. The study adopts doctrinal legal research methods and a conceptual approach with the consideration of primary and secondary sources of law, for instance, the Petroleum Industry Act 2021, the Nigeria Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (NEITI Act 2007, International Conventions, law textbooks and peer-reviewed journals. The justification for using the method was to establish the trustworthiness of the findings on illicit crude oil refineries. The findings reveal that the Nigerian government has lost more than 150,000 barrels of crude oil daily valued at USD six billion as a result of crude oil theft. This has reduced oil revenues, which ought to have added to the national treasury. The Petroleum Production and Distribution (Anti-Sabotage Act) 2007, which proscribes disruption of petroleum products in Nigeria, has not been diligently enforced. There is also an absence of a specific oil and gas legal framework criminalising crude oil theft. Section 3(e)(f)(iv) of the Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps Act only offers pipeline security as one of the functions of the corps, without distinctly stating the penalties to be imposed on those damaging crude oil pipelines. The study designs a hybrid model for the renovation of the country’s crude oil refineries. It also advocates the need to redefine legal regimes on illegal oil refineries by amending the Petroleum Industry Act to include specifically illegal oil refineries provision and to effectively criminalise crude oil theft. The implications of the main results are as follows: criminalising crude oil theft and pipeline vandalisation with vigorous punishments will serve as deterrence to others in the sector, increase revenues for the government and reduce environmental pollution.

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23

Dimkpa, C. A., F. O. Chukwuma, Achadu M. Abah, F. M. Tele, and I. H. Dimkpa. "Economic Losses through Oil Theft in Nigeria: A 4-year (2019 – 2022) Analysis." European Modern Studies Journal 7, no. 3 (July 17, 2023): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.59573/emsj.7(3).2023.8.

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The paper reviewed the economic implications of oil theft arising from vandalization of crude oil pipes, illegal petroleum refinery and bunkering in the Niger Delta region over a period of 4 years. The petroleum oil and gas industry being the highest government revenue generation in Nigeria for the sustenance of its economy became alarmed by the unprecedented rise in oil theft perpetrated by the activities of these illegal refineries (Artisanal refineries) dotted across the region with another group of criminals involved in outright theft of crude oil and selling to the international market. Data were collected from Nigerian middle and downstream petroleum regulatory authority and Nigerian upstream petroleum regulatory commission and processed. The outcome showed that within the period under review, Nigeria lost to oil theft an unprecedented oil revenue of $2.1b, $1.9b, $7.2b and $22.4b for 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 respectively. This great economic loss could have been used to sustain the dwindling economy. This article also made recommendations to mitigate this revenue loss.

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24

Nasution, A. S., and E. Jasjfi. "THE MANAGEMENT OF SPENT CATALYST OF HYDROCONVERSION PROCESSES IN ASEAN REFINERIES." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 27, no. 2 (March 30, 2022): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.27.2.1052.

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Catalytic processing is a keystone of today’s petroleum refining. The catalytic processes applied in the potreleum industry are generally large scale. In today’s operating climate of increased attentiveness toward environmental and safety issues, spent catalyst management options have became an important consideration for refiners. A catalyst deactivation determines how it can be handled after it is discharged from the processing unit. The type of the catalyst and its condition (whether it is considered hazardous) often determines the disposal route selected. Because of the self-heating and leaching problems associated with spent hydrotreating catalyst,it is recommended that refiners ship their spent catalysts to what is called “true recycles”. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), for example, is in the process of reevaluating the designation of spent hydroprocessing catalyst as an hazardous waste. Out of 3,837 MBPSD total crude oil currently processed in ASEAN (Brunai Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippenes, Singapore, Thailand, not including Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar) arround 61 percent volume is passed through catalytic processes (included hydroconversion processes 58 vol.%) to produce various fuel components such as gasoline and diesel oil. These hydroconversion processes use about 3,279 tons of catalyst with about 28 tons per day of spent catalyst. The present paper discusses briefly a survey on the management of spent catalyst of hydroconverion processes in ASEAN refineries and some aspects of catalyst poisoning of major hydroconversion processes in petroleum refinery. A survey on the management of spent catalyst from hydroconversion processes in ASEAN refineries is described in this paper.

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25

Galstyan, Poli, and Comini. "Selective Gas Sensor Based on Metal Oxide Nanostructure." Proceedings 14, no. 1 (June 19, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019014021.

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26

Herce, Carlos, Chiara Martini, Marcello Salvio, and Claudia Toro. "Energy Performance of Italian Oil Refineries Based on Mandatory Energy Audits." Energies 15, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020532.

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Petroleum products account for the 32.3% of worldwide primary energy. There are more than 100 oil refineries in Europe that directly employ 119,000 people with a turnover of EUR 600 billion and around 1.2% to the total value added in manufacturing. Therefore, the petroleum refining sector is very important in the European economy, and its decarbonization is crucial in the energy transition. Refineries present a high degree of complexity and integration, and the continuous increase of their energy efficiency is a key topic for the sector. In this work an analysis of the energy efficiency in ten Italian refineries based on mandatory energy audits and public data is presented. The primary (0.0963 ± 0.0341 toe/t), thermal (3421.71 ± 1316.84 MJ/t), and electrical (68.20 ± 19.34 kWh/t) specific energy consumptions have been evaluated. Some insights about the impact of refined products mix (mainly driven by production of diesel fuel) and Nelson Complexity Index in energy consumption are presented. Lastly, an overview of energy performance improvement actions (EPIAs) information extracted from energy audits is presented. This work presents a first step for the benchmark of Italian refineries that should be subsequently improved.

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27

Jayaraman, A., H. Singh, and Y. Lefebvre. "Naphthenic Acid Corrosion in Petroleum Refineries. A Review." Revue de l'Institut Français du Pétrole 41, no. 2 (March 1986): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst:1986016.

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28

Tischler, Lial. "Experiences in Toxicity Reduction Evaluations for Petroleum Refineries." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2013, no. 13 (January 1, 2013): 3585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864713813685683.

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29

Sadovnik, Stanislav, Diana Sviderskaya, and Aigerim Orazbekova. "Carrying out the repair work at petroleum refineries." Bulletin of the Innovative University of Eurasia 77, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37788/2020-1/87-91.

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30

Daher, Elias. "Photocatalytic degradation of phenolic effluents in petroleum refineries." International Journal of E-Learning and Educational Technologies in the Digital Media 5, no. 1 (2019): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17781/p002565.

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31

Al-Salem, S. M. "Carbon dioxide (CO2) estimation from Kuwait's petroleum refineries." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 95 (May 2015): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2015.02.011.

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32

Neiro, Sérgio M. S., and José M. Pinto. "Multiperiod Optimization for Production Planning of Petroleum Refineries." Chemical Engineering Communications 192, no. 1 (January 2005): 62–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986440590473155.

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33

Elcock, D., J. Gasper, D. O. Moses, D. Emerson, and R. Arguero. "Alternative future environmental regulatory approaches for petroleum refineries." Environmental Science & Policy 3, no. 4 (August 2000): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1462-9011(00)00085-x.

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34

Shadrina, A. N., B. M. Teslya, L. I. Gorovtsova, and A. I. Girko. "Atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel in petroleum refineries." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 21, no. 9 (September 1985): 450–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00735117.

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35

Eltenton, G. C. "Some instruments for quality control in petroleum refineries." Journal of Applied Chemistry 4, no. 5 (May 4, 2007): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010040503.

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36

Guo, Haiwei, Daniel M. Miles-Barrett, Andrew R. Neal, Tao Zhang, Changzhi Li, and Nicholas J. Westwood. "Unravelling the enigma of ligninOX: can the oxidation of lignin be controlled?" Chemical Science 9, no. 3 (2018): 702–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sc03520a.

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37

Schiff, Anshel J. "Petroleum and Gas Facilities." Earthquake Spectra 7, no. 1_suppl (October 1991): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585652.

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In the earthquake-affected area there are no natural-gas lines and a very limited number of petroleum-product lines. There is a petroleum line from Subic Bay to Clark Air Force Base; however, this line is some distance from the epicenter and was not damaged. Associated with the Port of San Fernando there are two lines used to unload petroleum products and transport them to nearby tank farms operated by several oil companies. Products are distributed by truck from the tank farms. There are no petroleum-processing facilities, such as refineries, in the area.

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Dwi Prasetyo, Wegik, Zulfan Adi Putra, Muhammad Roil Bilad, Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia, Yusuf Wibisono, Nik Abdul Hadi Nordin, and Mohd Dzul Hakim Wirzal. "Insight into the Sustainable Integration of Bio- and Petroleum Refineries for the Production of Fuels and Chemicals." Polymers 12, no. 5 (May 11, 2020): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051091.

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A petroleum refinery heavily depends on crude oil as its main feedstock to produce liquid fuels and chemicals. In the long term, this unyielding dependency is threatened by the depletion of the crude oil reserve. However, in the short term, its price highly fluctuates due to various factors, such as regional and global security instability causing additional complexity on refinery production planning. The petroleum refining industries are also drawing criticism and pressure due to their direct and indirect impacts on the environment. The exhaust gas emission of automobiles apart from the industrial and power plant emission has been viewed as the cause of global warming. In this sense, there is a need for a feasible, sustainable, and environmentally friendly generation process of fuels and chemicals. The attention turns to the utilization of biomass as a potential feedstock to produce substitutes for petroleum-derived fuels and building blocks for biochemicals. Biomass is abundant and currently is still low in utilization. The biorefinery, a facility to convert biomass into biofuels and biochemicals, is still lacking in competitiveness to a petroleum refinery. An attractive solution that addresses both is by the integration of bio- and petroleum refineries. In this context, the right decision making in the process selection and technologies can lower the investment and operational costs and assure optimum yield. Process optimization based on mathematical programming has been extensively used to conduct techno-economic and sustainability analysis for bio-, petroleum, and the integration of both refineries. This paper provides insights into the context of crude oil and biomass as potential refinery feedstocks. The current optimization status of either bio- or petroleum refineries and their integration is reviewed with the focus on the methods to solve the multi-objective optimization problems. Internal and external uncertain parameters are important aspects in process optimization. The nature of these uncertain parameters and their representation methods in process optimization are also discussed.

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Igben, J. L. "Artisanal Petroleum Refining and Occupational Dynamics in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, no. 3 (April 27, 2021): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i3.6.

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This study examines the occupational dynamics of the population as a result of artisanal refining of crude oil in the Niger Delta using structured questionnaire administered to 240 household heads selected from two settlements, one far from area of artisanal refineries (controlled settlement) and the other in area of artisanal refineries (experimental settlement). The questionnaire covered location and demographic characteristics of the respondents, as well as the typology of occupations. The pair-wise Student t-test and simple percentages were used to analyse the data collected. The study revealed that there were significant dynamics (t = -0.22, df =12, p<0.05) in the number of respondents in identified occupational typologies as indirect impact of artisanal refining in the experimental and controlled settlements. The study recommends the intensification of efforts to implement existing laws on environmental protection and provision of employment for teeming population. Keywords: Artisanal Refineries, Occupational structure, Environmental degradation, Niger Delta.

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Rykunova, T. "Petroleum complex of Russia. Reconstruction of petroleum refineries: Means for accomplishing the task." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 30, no. 3 (March 1994): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00723935.

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Apicella, Barbara, Carmela Russo, and Osvalda Senneca. "Analytics for Recovery and Reuse of Solid Wastes from Refineries." Energies 15, no. 11 (May 30, 2022): 4026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15114026.

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Heavy fractions of petroleum have for long time been bypassed in favour of lighter fractions. Nowadays, in the framework of the “circular economy”, there is a growing interest in residual petroleum heavy fractions. The present work briefly reviews the use and characterization at laboratory scale of some low valuable solid or semi-solid products of the oil refinery industry: asphaltenes (bitumen/asphalt), pet-coke and pitch for use as fuels. The use of solid and semi-solid refinery residues, in particular, of coke as a coal substitute in thermochemical processes and of pitch and asphaltenes as material precursors, requires careful analysis, and an understanding of their structure at the molecular level is mandatory for the development of processing technology. Techniques for the characterization of typical petroleum heavy fractions such as pitches, asphaltenes and cokes are reviewed. An experimental protocol for investigating at the laboratory scale the thermochemical conversion behavior of solid and semi-solid refinery wastes is proposed.

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GUSEV, S. A., and A. S. TERENTYEV. "OPTIMIZATION OF THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGY OF CARGO TRANSPORTATION FROM OIL REFINING ENTERPRISES AND THE STRUCTURE OF INTERACTION OF PARTICIPANTS OF THE LOGISTICS SYSTEM." World of transport and technological machines 78, no. 3-5 (2022): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7432-2022-5(78)-3-88-97.

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This article analyzes the existing technology for transporting goods from oil refineries, identifies problematic moments and risks of this technology, and proposes a set of measures to solve the identified problems in 2 areas: optimization of the existing technology for transporting goods from oil refineries, which consists in organizing container transportation of products road transport and improving the structure of interaction between participants in the system for the delivery of petroleum products to end consumers. The effectiveness of the proposed solutions was evaluated.

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Joly, M., L. F. L. Moro, and J. M. Pinto. "Planning and scheduling for petroleum refineries using mathematical programming." Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 19, no. 2 (April 2002): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-66322002000200008.

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Holmgren, Kristina, and Catarina Sternhufvud. "CO2-emission reduction costs for petroleum refineries in Sweden." Journal of Cleaner Production 16, no. 3 (February 2008): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.11.008.

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Zarrabi, Mahshid, Mohammad H. Entezari, and Elaheh K. Goharshadi. "Photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene by C/TiO2@MCM-41 nanoparticles under visible light and mild conditions." RSC Advances 5, no. 44 (2015): 34652–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra02513c.

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Today, due to the environmental pressures on the sulfur content of gasoline and fuel cell applications, petroleum refineries need a very deep desulfurization process to reach the ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD, 1 ppm).

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Valdivia, Gabriela, and Marcela Benavides. "Mobilizing for the petro-nation." Focaal 2012, no. 63 (June 1, 2012): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2012.630107.

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This article analyzes the struggles of the petroleum labor movement against the neo-liberalization of the petroleum industry in Ecuador. Though originally focused on defending collective bargaining rights, since the 1990s the movement has put forward a populist, nationalist critique of the state's governance of petroleum. The article traces the roots of the movement and focuses on two contested terrains of petroleum politics, refineries and oilfields, to examine labor's role in resource governance. The article argues that by strategically joining concerns over class and nation, over a number of administrations from the 1970s to the 2000s (from populist, military juntas, to neoliberal), the petroleum labor movement became a defining actor in petroleum governance.

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Ahmad, Abrar, Othman A. Baothman, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem, and Varish Ahmad. "Biodesulfurizing Microbes in the Petroleum Refinery Areas of Saudi Arabia." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 1737–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.17.3.39.

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Gordonia sp., Rhodococcus, Paenibaccilus, Mycobacterium and many other desulfurizing strains have shown good potential for dibenzothiophene (DBT), 4, 6-Dimethyldibenzothiophene (4-6-Dimethyl dibenzothiophene) and other organosulfur biodesulfurization. These are microbes which have 4S pathway to remove S from remaining calcitarant organosulfur compounds even after deep desulfurization. Sulfur compounds present in crude oils, diesel and petrol when combust in engines they emerge out in the form of elemental Sulfur, which causes environmental and health problems. Therefore, efforts are going to remove this Sulfur compounds by Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) treatment. Some organosulfur compounds remain there even after HDS, which can only remove by highly evolved microbes residing nearby petroleum-contaminated areas in refineries zone. Nature has such adopted and evolved microbes for the bioremediation of such toxic substances. Here we have isolated and characterized highly evolved and adopted Biodesulfurizing microbes present around oil refineries in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and prepare the culture collection of such highly evolved and adopted biodesulfurization microorganisms for future application of applied Industrial petroleum refineries, which can reduce the Sulfur load in the petroleum products. The several (10 different types) microbes have been reported in these soils to grow in sulfur compounds. Out of these microbes one microbe desulfurizes by 4S pathway. It was identified to be Rhodococcus erythropolis type named as Rhodococcus erythroplis KAU10. They show good potential for various organosulfur compounds (DBT, 2,4,6-Trimethyl Benzothiophene, Benzothiophene, Dibenzyl sulfide, Benzonaphthothiophene, Dibenzothiophene sulfone, along with crude oil and Petrol and Diesel. Isolated strain Rhodococcus erythroplis KAU10 have good potential for Biodesulfurization.

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Magness, Vanessa. "Legitimacy in Green: Pollution vs. Profit in Canadian Oil Refineries." Issues In Social And Environmental Accounting 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2007): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22164/isea.v1i1.8.

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This paper examines the correlation of financial and environmental performance in the petroleum refinery sector. Emissions fell while profits<br />rose over a ten-year period. Ongoing efforts to legitimize companies in<br />light of changing societal expectations have created an external environment that encourages the development of new technologies that promote cost efficiencies and good environmental performance simultaneously. Russo and Fouts (1997) argued that industries subject to rapid technological advance are well suited to respond to these changes in the external environment. The findings of this paper suggest that the petroleum refinery sector of the oil and gas industry may be meeting the challenge of the environmental movement.<br /><br />

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Abdunazarov, Fahriddin, and Abdusalom Khudaiberdiev. "Technology for separating powdered materials from petroleum coke using a two-rotor gravity classifier." E3S Web of Conferences 486 (2024): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448601018.

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After refining petroleum products, a lot of petroleum coke residue remains. From year to year, the amount of coke on the planet is increasing, and scientists around the world are looking for ways to rationally use the remaining petroleum coke. Many oil refineries process heavy portions of petroleum products. Most often, new technologies are associated with the emergence of new by-products. The article highlights a new two-rotor technology for a gravity classifier for producing powder materials from petroleum coke. Petroleum coke powder is considered a necessary raw material for many industries. The main goal is to obtain a dispersed composition of coke based on new technologies and use it in many industries. Fine powder materials are considered the most important for industry.

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Zatonskiy, Andrey, and Larisa Tugashova. "MODELLING THE QUALITY AND PRODUCTION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS WITH MATLAB." Applied Mathematics and Control Sciences, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 26–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2499-9873/2019.4.02.

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The problem of control of indicators of quality of oil products on technological installations is considered. The review of methods of quality control of oil products is carried out, models for forecasting of temperatures of the beginning and the end of boiling of light oil products on oil refineries are considered. Mathematical models of indicators of quality of light oil products (temperatures of the beginning and the end of boiling) in the form of autoregressive models with external factors are received. The factors are the measured technological parameters of the refinery: temperature, flow, pressure. Models of such a structure can be used to predict the quality of light petroleum products in oil refineries. The application of clustering methods for the analysis of the range and production of petroleum products in the Federal districts is proposed. Hierarchical and iterative methods of cluster analysis are briefly described. An example of the application of cluster analysis methods for the evaluation of production and assortment is given. The article studies the task of monitoring the quality of petroleum products at process units. Review of controlling methods quality of mineral oil has been performed, models for forecast temperatures of starting and ending boiling of light oil products at refineries have been considered. Mathematical models of indicators quality of light oil products (temperatures of starting and ending boiling) in the form of autoregressive models with external factors have been obtained. Factors are measured technological parameters of oil refinery including: temperature, consumption, pressure. Models of a similar structure can be applied to forecasting quality indicators of light oil product at refineries. The application of clustering methods have been proposed for analyzing the range and production of petroleum products by federal districts. Iterative and hierarchical cluster analysis methods are briefly described. An example of application of cluster analysis methods to assess the production and range of petroleum products in federal districts over 2 years is given. Research results have been conducted using the MATLAB software package are presented. The obtained results can be used in the analysis of the range of petroleum products of primary and destructive refining within large territorial units. The possibility of forecasting the production of petroleum products using multiplicative models has been considered. Models with different seasonal components and trend types have been proposed. The stages of building a mathematical model have been given. According to statistical data on the development of motor gasoline over 5 years, mathematical models of a time series have been built using the example of the Russian Federation. The quality of modeling has been assessed using the obtained models according to the average relative error. According to the obtained model of production of automobile gasoline, a post-forecast has been built with a forecasting horizon of 1 year. The average relative error of post-prognosis of the Russian Federation does not exceed 5 %, in federal districts – 12 %. Models can be used to predict the production of light petroleum products in the federal districts of the Russian Federation.

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