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Journal articles on the topic 'Petroleum Refining'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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1

Anderson, Kevin J. "Refining Petroleum." MRS Bulletin 17, no. 10 (October 1992): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400046534.

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2

KANEKO, Yasuo. "Petroleum refining." Journal of the Fuel Society of Japan 67, no. 11 (1988): 972–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3775/jie.67.11_972.

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3

Brennecke, Joan F., and Benny Freeman. "Reimagining petroleum refining." Science 369, no. 6501 (July 16, 2020): 254–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abd1307.

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4

Pujadó, Peter R. "Petroleum refining processes." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 45, no. 3-4 (December 2004): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2004.06.002.

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5

Seo, Hyeokjun, and Dong-Yeun Koh. "Refining petroleum with membranes." Science 376, no. 6597 (June 3, 2022): 1053–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abq3186.

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6

Reynolds, John. "NICKEL IN PETROLEUM REFINING." Petroleum Science and Technology 19, no. 7-8 (January 1, 2001): 979–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/lft-100106915.

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7

Murthy, PLN, and RC Agarwal. "Refining demands from petroleum." World Pumps 2011, no. 10 (October 2011): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-1762(11)70340-6.

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8

Hughes, R. "Catalysis in petroleum refining conference." Applied Catalysis 51, no. 2 (July 1989): N25—N27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-9834(00)81091-x.

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9

Considine, Timothy J. "Markup pricing in petroleum refining:." International Journal of Industrial Organization 19, no. 10 (December 2001): 1499–526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7187(00)00055-2.

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10

Walls, W. D. "Petroleum refining industry in China." Energy Policy 38, no. 5 (May 2010): 2110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.06.002.

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11

Alper, Erdogan. "Petroleum Refining: Technology and Economics." Chemical Engineering Science 49, no. 16 (August 1994): 2714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(94)87025-x.

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12

Klokova, T. P., O. F. Glagoleva, N. K. Matveeva, and Yu A. Volodin. "Surfactants in petroleum refining processes." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 33, no. 1 (January 1997): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02768130.

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13

Adiko, Serge-B., and Kemalov R.A. "Development of the Petroleum Refining in the Republic of Côte D'ivoire- Primary Processing of Refining." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.36 (December 9, 2018): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.36.24938.

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The article is considering the technology of primary processing of S. I. R (Societe Ivoirienne de Raffinage). General modern technology of petroleum refiningThe problems with primary processing technologies of refining and ability development of the petroleum refining in the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire. Comparison of the two types of technologies (primary of refining) between SIR for Cote d’ivoire and general technology in Russia.S. I. R (Societe Ivoirienne de Raffinage) is the only petroleum refinery in the Republic of ivory coastThe Republic of Côte d'ivoire is located in West Africa with a population of 22.8 million (data for 2014 b is the second economic power in sub-region (West Africa) after Nigeria, with an average of 8% of GDP over the last five years, Economic development of the country and its economic development is related to petroleum production and refining in the Republic of Côte d'ivoire.Refining is the obvious economic rate for a more diversified and more competitive economy
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14

Gayfullina, M. M., and G. Z. Nizamova. "Correlation and regression analysis of the investment attractiveness of the petroleum refining industry." UPRAVLENIE 9, no. 3 (October 23, 2021): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2021-9-3-27-38.

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The article presents the results of the analysis of the investment attractiveness of the petroleum refining industry using correlation and regression methods. It has been suggested to evaluate the level of investment attractiveness of the petroleum refining industry through capital productivity. A system of indicators affecting the investment attractiveness of the petroleum refining has been formed in the context of resource and production, financial, economic and social groups of factors. This methodology of correlation and regression analysis for modeling factors affecting investment attractiveness has been presented. The methodology includes the construction of a pair correlation, the selection of factors, the construction of a generalised correlation matrix using the “Correlation” tool in the “Data Analysis” package Microsoft Excel, the regression analysis based on the finally selected factors, the construction of the regression equation, the justification of the obtained dependence using the “Regression” tool in the “Data Analysis” package MS Excel.According to the results of calculations for the type of economic activity “Production of coke and petroleum products” in the Russian Federation in dynamics for 2012 –2019, a strong correlation has been revealed between the output-capital ratio and such factors as the oil refining depth, profit from sales and labor productivity.The results of the study can be used to identify significant factors affecting the investment attractiveness of the petroleum refining industry in order to further optimise them.
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15

Kapustin, V. M., and E. A. Chernysheva. "The development of petroleum refining and petroleum chemistry in Russia." Petroleum Chemistry 50, no. 4 (July 2010): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0965544110040018.

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16

BUN'KOVSKII, Dmitrii V. "Improving the efficiency of oil refineries by developing the production of high-quality oils." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 19, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 1264–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.19.7.1264.

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Subject. This article discusses the efficiency of Russian oil refining complexes at the present stage of the oil industry's development. Objectives. The article aims to consider reserves to improve the efficiency of petroleum oil production in Russia and describe some aspects of the domestic oil refining complexes' efficiency improvement. Methods. For the study, I used the systems analysis, observation, comparison, generalization, and the method of hypothetico-deductive reasoning. Results. Based on an analysis of the main advantages and disadvantages of alternative ways of producing high-quality petroleum oils, the article describes the possibilities and ways of modernizing the petroleum oil production. Conclusions. The considered ways of modernizing the production of petroleum oils will help improve the economic efficiency of Russian oil refineries through reducing the technological equipment operating costs and adding to the oil refining depth.
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17

Damian, Cristina. "Environmental pollution in the petroleum refining industry." Analele Universitatii "Ovidius" Constanta - Seria Chimie 24, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2013-0018.

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AbstractThe petroleum refining industry has a significant influence on the total pollution of the environment by industrial discharges and wastes. In the operation of petroleum refineries, the atmosphere is polluted with hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and other toxic substances. The main pollutants are sulfur dioxide and hydrocarbons. The fresh water used by refineries in product cooling is returned to the original source of water containing crude oil, petroleum products, and mineral salts as contaminants. The extent of air and water pollution depends on the particular processing technology, control measures that are employed and also on the scale of the processing. In working out these measures, the primary attention of scientific-research institutes and design and planning organizations must be directed not only towards how to reduce the contaminating and poisoning action of industrial discharges on the environment, but primarily towards preventing or minimizing these discharges in the refineries.
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18

Chen, Si-Yuan, Qi Zhang, Benjamin Mclellan, and Tian-Tian Zhang. "Review on the petroleum market in China: history, challenges and prospects." Petroleum Science 17, no. 6 (August 30, 2020): 1779–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12182-020-00501-6.

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AbstractThe petroleum industry plays an essential role in driving China’s economic development. In the past few decades, several reforms in the petroleum industry have been implemented; however, there are still some issues that have not been resolved. Moreover, with the new-normal economy, the transition to green energy and international trade disputes, the petroleum market is also facing emerging challenges. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to review the historical development of China’s petroleum market, identify the current challenges and propose corresponding countermeasures for future prospects. As a conclusion, five main challenges are highlighted totally, namely lack of marketization, excess oil refining capacity, high external dependency, environment pollution and unstable international trading relationship. To address these challenges, it is encouraged to deepen petroleum market reform, accelerate the elimination of inefficient refining capacity, diversify oil supply sources, as well as improve domestic petroleum enterprises’ ability to resist price risks.
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19

Johnson, Eric, and Carl Vadenbo. "Modelling Variation in Petroleum Products’ Refining Footprints." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 10, 2020): 9316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229316.

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Energy-related greenhouse gas emissions dominate the carbon footprints of most product systems, where petroleum is one of the main types of energy sources. This is consumed as a variety of refined products, most notably diesel, petrol (gasoline) and jet fuel (kerosene). Refined product carbon footprints are of great importance to regulators, policymakers and environmental decision-makers. For instance, they are at the heart of current legislation, such as the European Union’s Renewable Energy Directive or the United States’ Renewable Fuels Standard. This study identified 14 datasets that report footprints for the same system, namely, petroleum refinery operations in Europe. For the main refined products, i.e., diesel, petrol and jet fuel, footprints vary by at least a factor of three. For minor products, the variation is even greater. Five different organs of the European Commission have estimated the refining footprints, where for the main products, these are relatively harmonic; for minor products, much less so. The observed variation in carbon footprints is due mainly to differing approaches to refinery modelling, especially regarding the rationale and methods applied to assign shares of the total burden from the petroleum refinery operation to the individual products. Given the economic/social importance of refined products, a better harmony regarding their footprints would be valuable to their users.
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20

Palit, Sukanchan. "Petroleum Refining � New Concepts and New Visions." i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering and Technology 10, no. 2 (January 15, 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jfet.10.2.3094.

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21

Spear, Robert C., Steve Selvin, Jane Schulman, and Marcie Francis. "Benzene Exposure in the Petroleum Refining Industry." Applied Industrial Hygiene 2, no. 4 (July 1987): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1987.10390543.

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22

Tischer, Robert. "Stocks and flows—inventories in petroleum refining." OPEC Energy Review 44, no. 2 (June 2020): 162–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/opec.12178.

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23

Borgne, Sylvie Le, and Rodolfo Quintero. "Biotechnological processes for the refining of petroleum." Fuel Processing Technology 81, no. 2 (May 2003): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3820(03)00007-9.

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24

Dadashev, M. N., and G. V. Stepanov. "Supercritical extraction in petroleum refining and petrochemistry." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 36, no. 1 (January 2000): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02725239.

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25

Levinbuk, M. I., E. F. Kaminskii, and O. F. Glagoleva. "Some problems of petroleum refining in Russia." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 36, no. 2 (March 2000): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02725252.

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26

Abdelwahab Emam, Eman. "Clay Adsorption Perspective on Petroleum Refining Industry." Industrial Engineering 2, no. 1 (2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ie.20180201.13.

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27

Jiang, Shuyi. "Survival in the U.S. petroleum refining industry." Journal of Applied Statistics 39, no. 7 (July 2012): 1505–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664763.2012.658359.

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28

Alqaheem, Yousef, Abdulaziz Alomair, Mari Vinoba, and Andrés Pérez. "Polymeric Gas-Separation Membranes for Petroleum Refining." International Journal of Polymer Science 2017 (2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4250927.

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Polymeric gas-separation membranes were commercialized 30 years ago. The interest on these systems is increasing because of the simplicity of concept and low-energy consumption. In the refinery, gas separation is needed in many processes such as natural gas treatment, carbon dioxide capture, hydrogen purification, and hydrocarbons separations. In these processes, the membranes have proven to be a potential candidate to replace the current conventional methods of amine scrubbing, pressure swing adsorption, and cryogenic distillation. In this paper, applications of polymeric membranes in the refinery are discussed by reviewing current materials and commercialized units. Economical evaluation of these membranes in comparison to traditional processes is also indicated.
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29

Nefedov, B. K. "High-silica zeolites in petroleum refining processes." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 21, no. 9 (September 1985): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00735120.

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30

Paterson, W. R. "Petroleum refining: technology and economics 3rd edn." Chemical Engineering Journal and the Biochemical Engineering Journal 56, no. 2 (January 1995): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-0467(95)80014-x.

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31

Adlard, Edward R. "James G. Speight: Handbook of Petroleum Refining." Chromatographia 80, no. 5 (February 22, 2017): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10337-017-3268-4.

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32

McCabe, Mark M., James Wilkins, and Robert Cunningham. "Managing petroleum refining wastes by thermal desorption." Remediation Journal 2, no. 1 (December 1991): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rem.3440020103.

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33

Hug, Albert, Peter W. Faessler, Karl Kolmetz, Wai Kiong Ng, and Kazuo Watari. "Fractionation technology for the petroleum refining industry." Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering 2, no. 4 (2007): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apj.16.

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34

Simard, R. "Recent and future developments in petroleum refining." Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry 56, no. 23 (August 30, 2010): 520–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5000562302.

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35

Al-Zubaidi, Isam, and Congning Yang. "Waste Management of Spent Petroleum Refinery Catalyst." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 8 (August 31, 2020): 938–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.8.1929.

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Petroleum refinery uses many catalysts such as hydroprocessing catalyst HPC, fluid catalytic cracking catalyst FCCC, reforming catalyst RC, etc. During the refining processes, the catalysts are deactivated; the spent catalysts are regarded as hazardous toxic materials due to heavy metals, coke, other poisonous compounds, and hydrocarbons. Huge amount of spent catalysts SC is generated which is expected to increase with expansion capacities of available refineries processes. This paper is reviewing the mechanisms of refining catalyst and the deactivation processes and focusing on spent catalysts management. Management of spent catalyst includes four main options; select the catalysts which reduce the generation of SC by switching to more environment friendly, longer lifetime and less toxic catalyst during the refining process; regenerate the SC; and precious metal recovery should be explored and reuse for other applications. The selection can be based on many factors such as safety, environment, mobility, etc.
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36

Al-Zubaidi, Isam, and Congning Yang. "Waste Management of Spent Petroleum Refinery Catalyst." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 5, no. 8 (August 31, 2020): 938–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2020.5.8.1929.

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Petroleum refinery uses many catalysts such as hydroprocessing catalyst HPC, fluid catalytic cracking catalyst FCCC, reforming catalyst RC, etc. During the refining processes, the catalysts are deactivated; the spent catalysts are regarded as hazardous toxic materials due to heavy metals, coke, other poisonous compounds, and hydrocarbons. Huge amount of spent catalysts SC is generated which is expected to increase with expansion capacities of available refineries processes. This paper is reviewing the mechanisms of refining catalyst and the deactivation processes and focusing on spent catalysts management. Management of spent catalyst includes four main options; select the catalysts which reduce the generation of SC by switching to more environment friendly, longer lifetime and less toxic catalyst during the refining process; regenerate the SC; and precious metal recovery should be explored and reuse for other applications. The selection can be based on many factors such as safety, environment, mobility, etc.
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37

Sha, Sha, Siming Liu, Minchao Huang, Na Fan, Na Wang, and Mei Cai. "Volatile Organic Compound Emission Status and Control Perspectives in the Petroleum Refining Industry in China." Atmosphere 13, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081194.

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Given the increasingly serious ozone pollution, petroleum refining has received more attention, since it is one of the dominant volatile organic compound-emitting industries in China. Volatile organic compound emission source identification, control efficiency classification, emissions calculation, emission factor generation and uncertainty analysis were performed in this study. According to the VOC emission control level, petroleum refining enterprises were divided into three levels, accounting for 10.6%, 54.4% and 35% of the total refining capacity, and 0.6%, 1.2%, and 3% were generated as the emission factor for each designed level, respectively. The total volatile organic compound emissions of the China petroleum refining industry in 2020 are estimated to be 1150 Kt by applying the hierarchical accounting method. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of volatile organic compound emissions was analyzed. The emission intensity of 15 cities is greater than the national average value of 0.12 tons/km2, where the highest level is approximately 2.7 tons/km2. To reduce the volatile organic compound emissions of PR enterprises, the collection efficiency and operation effect of treatment facilities are the most important points based on the analysis of the current situation of volatile organic compound emissions in the PR industry in China.
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38

Zang, Jiazhong, Haibin Yu, Guanfeng Liu, Meihua Hong, Jiawei Liu, and Tiehong Chen. "Research Progress on Modifications of Zeolite Y for Improved Catalytic Properties." Inorganics 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11010022.

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Zeolite Y, as a solid acid catalyst with excellent performance, is a landmark in petroleum refining and chemical industry production–especially in catalytic cracking reactions. Improving the SAR of Y zeolite, enriching its pore structure, and modifying it with heteroatoms can realize the multifunctional catalysis of Y zeolite, improve the application value of it, and then meet the demands of petroleum refining. In this review, the synthesis of Y zeolites with high SAR, multistage pores, and heteroatom modification is summarized.
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39

Popovic, Zoran, Ivan Soucek, Nickolay Ostrovskii, and Ozren Ocic. "Whether integrating refining and petrochemical business can provide opportunities for development of petrochemical industry in Serbia." Chemical Industry 70, no. 3 (2016): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind150122037p.

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Since the beginning of 90s of last century both the petroleum industry and petrochemical industry have operated in difficult circumstances. In particularly, margins of petroleum and petrochemical industry were exacerbated during global economic crisis in 2008-2009 years. At that time, as one option that could be the solution, the global analysts had started to more intense investigate the benefits of Refining-Petrochemical Integration. Shortly afterwards, more and more petroleum refineries and petrochemical manufacturers began to see the future in this kind of operational, managerial, marketing and commercial connection. This paper evaluates, in particular, the achieved level of integration of refinery and petrochemical businesses in Central and South-Eastern Europe. And specifically, the paper identifies current capabilities and future chances of linking this kind of integration between Serbian refining and petrochemical players. The viability of integration between possible actors and benefits of every single refining-petrochemical interface in Serbia depend on many factors, and therefore each integrated system is unique and requires prior serious Cost Benefit Analysis.
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40

Rahman, Maizar. "Indonesia‘s Refining Developments: Future Prospects and Challenges." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 33, no. 2 (February 22, 2022): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.33.2.660.

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Since 1994 Indonesia has not built any new refineries due to the economic crisis in1998, which was followed by political reform. Last year Indonesia had imported more than400 thousand bpd (barrel per day) of petroleum products. On the supply side, Pertamina’srefinery capacity of 1,050 thousand bpd produces only up to 750 thousand bpd of petroleumfuels or 68 % of domestic consumption.A study has been conducted on the refining development in Indonesia up to year 2030.According to a projection based on reference scenario, in year 2030 Indonesia will consume2.60 million bpd of petroleum fuels. If security of supply approach is taken intoconsideration, Indonesia will require 3 million bpd of total refinery capacity. New refineriesproducing additional 2 million bpd have to be constructed in order to fulfill domesticdemand for petroleum fuels. The additional new refineries would then be on-stream one byone with 300 thousand bpd of capacity starting from year 2015, and would be built nearconsumers’ area or close to the existing refineries.As the margin of new refinery is not high enough, appropriate strategies such as optimumconfiguration, synergy to utilize possible supporting resources should be taken intoconsideration, while Indonesian government should also offers better incentives in orderto make the project economically feasible.
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41

Rasul, Hardi Abdulla M., Mohammed Jawdat Barzanjy, and Hazim Abed Mohammed Aljeware. "The Influence of Changing Heat Transfer Coefficient, Type of Fluid, and Pipe Material on the Efficiency of the Distillation Exchanger." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 3 (September 4, 2023): 1797–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i3.1807.

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The fundamental purpose of the petroleum refining industry is to convert crude oil into refined products comprising more than 2,500 substances. Among the refined products are liquefied petroleum gasoline, aviation fuel, kerosene, fuel oils, diesel fuel, lubricating oils, and feedstocks, which have a variety of uses in the petrochemical and other industries. The petroleum refinery process begins with crude oil storage and continues with handling and refining operations before concluding with the separation process and shipping the refined compounds to their final destinations. A variety of methods are used in the petroleum refinery. The analysis of key components of the oil refinery will have a significant impact on the quality of the distilled products. Several scenarios, such as transfer coefficient, fluid type, and pipe materials, have been simulated to determine the most powerful example for the updated oil refineries, and their consequences are described.
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42

Pinto, Luiz Fernando Rodrigues, Henrricco Nieves Pujol Tucci, Giovanni Mummolo, Geraldo Cardoso de Oliveira Neto, and Francesco Facchini. "Circular Economy Approach on Energy Cogeneration in Petroleum Refining." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 1713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051713.

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The heat recovery of hot exhaust air in petroleum refining for energy cogeneration is a circular strategy to reduce costs and environmental impact. Despite several articles on this subject, there is a lack of study on the assessment of the economic and environmental advantages of energy cogeneration in petroleum refining. The objective of this research was to evaluate the economic and environmental gains obtained by energy cogeneration from the heat dissipated in the calcination of green petroleum coke. The research method was a case study in a petrochemical industry in Brazil. From an economic point of view, the cogeneration unit project has shown positive results: a discounted payback period of eight years and nine months, net present value (NPV) over a span of a twenty-year period of US$43,825,592, a return on investment (ROI) estimated to be 14%, and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 12%. From an ecological perspective, the produced energy in the cogeneration process reduced 163,992 ton CO2eq per year of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. This study has increased the knowledge of heat recovery in energy cogeneration in petroleum refining. This work contributes by providing some advantages of heat recovery as a circular economy strategy for business development.
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43

Ramraj, S. "Removal of Sulfur in Petroleum Refining Using DCS." IOSR Journal of Engineering 4, no. 5 (May 2014): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3021-04551922.

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44

Zhang, Linzhou, Zhengyu Chen, Wenjin Lyv, Kaiyu Li, Chen Cui, Quan Shi, Suoqi Zhao, and Chunming Xu. "Development of petroleum refining molecular management modeling platform." SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica 48, no. 4 (March 19, 2018): 411–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n032018-00019.

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45

Nesselrode Moncada, Sean. "Refining Amuay: Creole Petroleum and Judibana, 1946–1955." Architectural Theory Review 21, no. 3 (September 2016): 302–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13264826.2018.1379107.

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46

Shoesmith, Gary L. "Economies of scale and scope in petroleum refining." Applied Economics 20, no. 12 (December 1988): 1643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036848800000094.

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47

Fries, B. A., and A. M. Newman. "Economic Benefits of Tracer Applications in Petroleum Refining." Isotopenpraxis Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 26, no. 9 (January 1990): 414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10256019008624347.

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48

Shah, Nikisha K., Zukui Li, and Marianthi G. Ierapetritou. "Petroleum Refining Operations: Key Issues, Advances, and Opportunities." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 50, no. 3 (February 2, 2011): 1161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie1010004.

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49

Vazquez-Duhalt, Rafael, Eduardo Torres, Brenda Valderrama, and Sylvie Le Borgne. "Will Biochemical Catalysis Impact the Petroleum Refining Industry?" Energy & Fuels 16, no. 5 (September 2002): 1239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef020038s.

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50

Gmeiner, Robert. "Regulatory capture in the US petroleum refining industry." Journal of Industrial and Business Economics 46, no. 4 (August 31, 2019): 459–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40812-019-00134-w.

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