Relevant bibliographies by topics / Petroleum – Toxicology

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Petroleum – Toxicology'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Petroleum – Toxicology"

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McKee, Richard H., Deborah Herron, Patrick Beatty, Paula Podhasky, Gary M. Hoffman, James Swigert, Carol Lee, and Diana Wong. "Toxicological Assessment of Green Petroleum Coke." International Journal of Toxicology 33, no. 1_suppl (October 31, 2013): 156S—167S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581813504187.

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Green petroleum coke is primarily inorganic carbon with some entrained volatile hydrocarbon material. As part of the petroleum industry response to the high production volume challenge program, the potential for reproductive effects was assessed in a subchronic toxicity/reproductive toxicity screening test in rats (OECD 421). The repeated-dose portion of the study provided evidence for dust accumulation and inflammatory responses in rats exposed to 100 and 300 mg/m3 but there were no effects at 30 mg/m3. In the reproductive toxicity screen, the frequency of successful matings was reduced in the high exposure group (300 mg/m3) and was not significantly different from control values but was outside the historical experience of the laboratory. The postnatal observations (external macroscopic examination, body weight, and survival) did not indicate any treatment-related differences. Additional tests conducted to assess the potential hazards to aquatic (fish, invertebrates, and algae) and soil dwelling organisms (earthworms and vascular plants) showed few effects at the maximum loading rates of 1000 mg coke/L in aquatic studies and 1000 mg coke/kg soil in terrestrial studies. The only statistically significant finding was an inhibition of algal growth measured as either biomass or growth rate.
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McKee, Richard H., Deborah Herron, Mark Saperstein, Paula Podhasky, Gary M. Hoffman, and Linda Roberts. "The Toxicological Properties of Petroleum Gases." International Journal of Toxicology 33, no. 1_suppl (October 31, 2013): 28S—51S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581813504225.

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To characterize the toxicological hazards of petroleum gases, 90-day inhalation toxicity (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [OECD] 413) and developmental toxicity (OECD 414) tests were conducted with liquefied propane gas (LPG) at concentrations of 1000, 5000, or 10 000 ppm. A micronucleus test (OECD 474) of LPG was also conducted. No systemic or developmental effects were observed; the overall no observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) was 10 000 ppm. Further, there was no effect of LPG exposure at levels up to 10 000 ppm on micronucleus induction and no evidence of bone marrow toxicity. Other alkane gases (ethane, propane, n-butane, and isobutane) were then evaluated in combined repeated exposure studies with reproduction/development toxicity screening tests (OECD 422). There were no toxicologically important changes in parameters relating to systemic toxicity or neurotoxicity for any of these gases at concentrations ranging from 9000 to 16 000 ppm. There was no evidence of effects on developmental or reproductive toxicity in the studies of ethane, propane, or n-butane at the highest concentrations tested. However, there was a reduction in mating in the high-exposure group (9000 ppm) of the isobutane study, which although not significantly different was outside the range previously observed in the testing laboratory. Assuming the reduction in mating to have been toxicologically significant, the NOAEC for the isobutane reproductive toxicity screening test was 3000 ppm (7125 mg/m3). A method is proposed by which the toxicity of any of the 106 complex petroleum gas streams can be estimated from its composition.
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McKee, Richard H., and Russell White. "The Mammalian Toxicological Hazards of Petroleum-Derived Substances." International Journal of Toxicology 33, no. 1_suppl (December 18, 2013): 4S—16S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581813514024.

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Petroleum-derived substances are complex and composed of aliphatic (normal-, iso-, and cycloparaffins), olefinic, and/or aromatic constituents. Approximately 400 of these complex substances were evaluated as part of the US Environmental Protection Agency voluntary High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge program. The substances were separated into 13 groups (categories), and all available data were assessed. Toxicology testing was conducted as necessary to fully address the end points encompassed by the HPV initiative. In a broad sense, volatile hydrocarbons may cause acute central nervous system effects, and those that are liquids at room temperature pose aspiration hazards if taken into the lungs as liquids and may also cause skin irritation. Higher boiling substances may contain polycyclic aromatic constituents (PACs) that can be mutagenic and carcinogenic and may also cause developmental effects. Substances containing PACs can also cause target organ and developmental effects. The effects of aliphatic constituents include liver enlargement and/or renal effects in male rats via an α-2u-globulin-mediated process and, in some cases, small but statistically significant reductions in hematological parameters. Crude oils may contain other constituents, particularly sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds, which are removed during refining. Aside from these more generic considerations, some specific petroleum substances may contain unusually toxic constituents including benzene, 1,3-butadiene, and/or n-hexane, which should also be taken into account if present at toxicologically relevant levels.
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Sadurska, B., W. Zieliński, E. Skalska-Hilgier, B. Tudek, M. Szczypka, and T. Szymczyk. "Urine mutagenicity of petroleum plant workers." Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology 224, no. 2 (October 1989): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1218(89)90149-3.

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Lalchev, S., E. Mirkova, and T. Lozanova. "Cytogenetic biomonitoring of petroleum industry workers." Mutation Research/Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects 216, no. 5 (October 1989): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(89)90170-2.

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Martone, J. A. "USAF Toxicology Research on Petroleum and Shale-Derived Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 108, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3239916.

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As one of the nation’s largest users of aircraft turbine fuels, the USAF has interest in assuring the safe use of these hydrocarbons by its military and civilian workers. This concern stimulated research to define potential adverse health effects and develop criteria for safe exposure limits for military aviation fuels. The first inhalation exposure to JP-4, the primary fuel used in USAF aircraft, was conducted in 1973. Since this initial subchronic study, the USAF has conducted numerous subchronic and one-year oncogenic inhalation studies to establish health criteria for aviation fuels. This paper summarizes the status of studies to define the toxicity of petroleum and shale-derived aircraft turbine engine fuels and discusses the preliminary findings of toxic nephropathy and primary renal tumors observed in male Fischer 344 rats.
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BRODDLE, WILLIAM D., MICHAEL W. DENNIS, DONALD N. KITCHEN, and EDMOND H. VERNOT. "Chronic Dermal Studies of Petroleum Streams in Mice." Toxicological Sciences 30, no. 1 (1996): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/30.1.47.

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Broddle, W. "Chronic Dermal Studies of Petroleum Streams in Mice." Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 30, no. 1 (March 1996): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/faat.1996.0042.

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Broje, Victoria, Will Gala, Tim Nedwed, and Joe Twomey. "A Consensus on the State of the Knowledge and Research Recommendations on the Fate and Effects of Deep Water Releases of Oil, Dispersants and Dispersed Oil." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.225.

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ABSTRACT American Petroleum Institute (API) and its member companies have initiated a multi-year research program to generate information that can be used in subsea dispersant application decision-making. An important part of this program is the evaluation of biodegradation and toxicity of oil, dispersants and dispersed oil in a deepwater environment. The available scientific literature was reviewed by a panel of international experts in deepwater ecology, toxicology, microbiology, and petroleum chemistry, who summarized the state of the knowledge on these topics and recommended additional studies that would inform subsea dispersants decision-making. The recommended research projects have been funded by API. This paper summarizes findings to-date on toxicity and biodegradation of oil, dispersants and dispersed oil in deep water environments.
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Ruberg, Elizabeth J., Tony D. Williams, and John E. Elliott. "Review of petroleum toxicity in marine reptiles." Ecotoxicology 30, no. 4 (March 16, 2021): 525–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02359-9.

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AbstractWorldwide petroleum exploration and transportation continue to impact the health of the marine environment through both catastrophic and chronic spillage. Of the impacted fauna, marine reptiles are often overlooked. While marine reptiles are sensitive to xenobiotics, there is a paucity of petroleum toxicity data for these specialized fauna in peer reviewed literature. Here we review the known impacts of petroleum spillage to marine reptiles, specifically to marine turtles and iguanas with an emphasis on physiology and fitness related toxicological effects. Secondly, we recommend standardized toxicity testing on surrogate species to elucidate the mechanisms by which petroleum related mortalities occur in the field following catastrophic spillage and to better link physiological and fitness related endpoints. Finally, we propose that marine reptiles could serve as sentinel species for marine ecosystem monitoring in the case of petroleum spillage. Comprehensive petroleum toxicity data on marine reptiles is needed in order to serve as a foundation for future research with newer, unconventional crude oils of unknown toxicity such as diluted bitumen.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Petroleum – Toxicology"

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Nevárez-Moorillón, Guadalupe Virginia. "Biodegradation of Certain Petroleum Product Contaminants in Soil and Water By Selected Bacteria." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332474/.

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Soil contamination by gasoline underground storage tanks is a critical environmental problem. The results herein show that in situ bioremediation using indigenous soil microorganisms is the method of choice. Five sites were selected for bioremediation based on the levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene and the amount of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil. Bacteria capable of degrading these contaminants were selected from the contaminated sites and grown in 1,200 I mass cultures. These were added to the soil together with nutrients, water and air via PVC pipes.
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Stoyanovich, Sawyer. "The Fate and Behaviour of Diluted Bitumen and Its Chemical Constituents In Freshwater Systems Following Simulated Spills." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42576.

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As conventional oil reserves deplete and more efficient refining technologies emerge, the use and transportation of heavy fuel oils such as dilbit is rising. Despite the risk of accidental dilbit spills, the fate and behaviour in aquatic systems is largely unknown. The objective of this thesis was to develop new approaches and insights to directly address knowledge gaps surrounding the fate and behaviour of diluted bitumen (dilbit) in freshwater systems. During the summers of 2017 and 2018, a large-scale collaborative field study was conducted at the International Institute for sustainable Development’s – Experimental Lakes Area (IISD-ELA), a world-renowned freshwater research station located in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. First, two tank-based dilbit spill simulations were carried out at oil:water ratios of 1:8000 and 1:800 v/v (Chapter 2). Here I examined the physical fate and behaviour of dilbit spilled onto the water’s surface for 11 days. In this chapter I provide, for the first time, experimental evidence of dilbit physically sinking after 8 days of environmental weathering in land-based tanks containing natural lake water. Building on the findings of chapter 2, the remaining four chapters focus on a series of 70-d long experimental dilbit spills carried out in limnocorrals (10 m diameter x 1.5 m depth) installed directly in a freshwater lake. Chapter 3 provides, to our knowledge, the most detailed temporal account to date of dilbit submergence in freshwater at multiple oil:water ratios. In Chapter 4 I provide the rates at which over 100 individual hydrocarbons are depleted over time from the dilbit slicks and apply diagnostic ratios to postulate which weathering processes are responsible for the observed depletions. As predicted, evaporation, dissolution, and photooxidation are prominent weathering processes whereas biodegradation is not. I then describe both the short- and long-term behaviour of these compounds as they partition from the dilbit slick to the air, water, and sediments of the limnocorrals in Chapter 5. While the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were elevated in the water columns of each treatment, they were orders of magnitude lower than concentrations that pose a toxicological risk. The same was true for all sediment samples except those that were in direct contact with sunken dilbit. This suggests that the major threat of dilbit spills from an ecotoxicological point of view is the dilbit-laden sediments produced by submergence. Finally, I demonstrated the successful application of a mass transfer model to predict the dissolution trends of the highly toxic benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o,m,p-xylene (BTEX) compounds following the dilbit spills. In Chapter 7 I detail the implications and conclusions for each chapter and the thesis as a whole. I also describe areas where future research is needed. In the end, the conclusions of this thesis were: 1) dilbit has the propensity to sink following spills in freshwater, 2) prominent weathering processes include evaporation, dissolution, and photooxidation, 3) our regression design allowed for important relationships between contamination and spill size to be realized, 4) sunken dilbit poses a toxicological threat to aquatic biota, and 5) mass transfer models can accurately predict BTEX dynamics in the water column following a dilbit spill.
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Singh, Davinderjit. "Human Health Risk Characterization of Petroleum Coke Calcining Facility Emissions." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6391.

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Calcined coke is a high quality carbon material produced by calcining green petroleum coke. Calcining is the process of heating green petroleum coke in a kiln to remove excess moisture, extract all remaining hydrocarbons, and modify the crystalline structure of the coke into a denser, electrically conductive product. The final product, calcined coke, is primarily used to make carbon anodes for the aluminum industry and recarburizing agent for industries such as the steel industry. If not appropriately controlled, the calcining process could lead to excess production of particulate emissions from either handling or storing of raw coke, or from the stack emissions during the production of calcined coke. Though calcined coke has shown low hazard potential in human populations due to low volatile content, there remains some public health concern regarding the emissions from these facilities. This study is designed to evaluate the emissions of petroleum coke calcining facility and assess the public health concern from the processes engaged in the handling and storage of green coke as well as from the calcining process. The ambient air levels were measured from a calcining facility and compared with the standards promulgated by USEPA. The results showed that pollutant contribution from the facility, measured by monitoring carbon fraction of the emissions, was de-minimis. The current research also studied whether the exposure levels and health risks specified in various epidemiological studies correlate with the standards promulgated by USEPA to protect public health from petrochemical emissions.
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Satbhai, Kruuttika Milind. "Individual and Combined Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons Phenanthrene and Dibenzothiophene on Reproductive Behavior in the Amphipod Hyalella azteca." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1585872.

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Predicting impact of oil spills on aquatic life requires a better understanding of effects on aquatic organisms, both for single hydrocarbons and for their interactions. In this study, the individual and combined effects of petroleum hydrocarbons phenanthrene (Phen) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) were assessed on the reproductive behavior of the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca. Following a 24-h exposure to single PAHs, or an equimolar mixture of Phen-DBT, mate-guarding behavior was assessed at the end of the exposure and during a subsequent 10 min behavioral observation period with the animals in clean water. The endpoints of the study during the behavior observation period were—time taken to initiate mate-guarding (TIMG), and proportion of time spent in amplexus (PTA). The study demonstrated that the exposure to Phen and DBT reduced the incidence of mate-guarding during the actual exposure period, but not during the observation period. However, whether or not pairs were involved in mate-guarding at the end of the exposure period did affect both TIMG and PTA during the observation period. Thus, the effects of Phen and DBT on amplexus status at the end of the exposure period indirectly affected TIMG and PTA during the observation period. The interaction between Phen and DBT with respect to their effects on mate-guarding varied among the mate-guarding measures. For the amplexus status at the end of the exposure period and for the effect on TIMG, the interaction did not deviate statistically from an additive effect. For PTA, the overall interaction was a synergistic one. This study's findings point out that assessments of hydrocarbon toxicity need to take into account that subtle reproductive behaviors (that may play an important role in population persistence) may be negatively affected. The results also show that the general assumption of additive effects among different PAHs may be an oversimplification.

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Glass, Deborah Catherine, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Exposure estimation, uncertainty and variability in occupational hygiene retrospective assessment." Deakin University. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 1999. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051017.142634.

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This thesis reports on a quantitative exposure assessment and on an analysis of the attributes of the data used in the estimations, in particular distinguishing between its uncertainty and variability. A retrospective assessment of exposure to benzene was carried out for a case control study of leukaemia in the Australian petroleum industry. The study used the mean of personal task-based measurements (Base Estimates) in a deterministic algorithm and applied factors to model back to places, times etc for which no exposure measurements were available. Mean daily exposures were estimated, on an individual subject basis, by summing the task-based exposures. These mean exposures were multiplied by the years spent on each job to provide exposure estimates in ppm-years. These were summed to provide a Cumulative Estimate for each subject. Validation was completed for the model and key inputs. Exposures were low, most jobs were below TWA of 5 ppm benzene. Exposures in terminals were generally higher than at refineries. Cumulative Estimates ranged from 0.005 to 50.9 ppm-years, with 84 percent less than 10 ppm-years. Exposure probability distributions were developed for tanker drivers using Monte Carlo simulation of the exposure estimation algorithm. The outcome was a lognormal distribution of exposure for each driver. These provide the basis for alternative risk assessment metrics e.g. the frequency of short but intense exposures which provided only a minimal contribution to the long-term average exposure but may increase risk of leukaemia. The effect of different inputs to the model were examined and their significance assessed using Monte Carlo simulation. The Base Estimates were the most important determinant of exposure in the model. The sources of variability in the measured data were examined, including the effect of having censored data and the between and within-worker variability. The sources of uncertainty in the exposure estimates were analysed and consequential improvements in exposure assessment identified. Monte Carlo sampling was also used to examine the uncertainties and variability associated with the tanker drivers' exposure assessment, to derive an estimate of the range and to put confidence intervals on the daily mean exposures. The identified uncertainty was less than the variability associated with the estimates. The traditional approach to exposure estimation typically derives only point estimates of mean exposure. The approach developed here allows a range of exposure estimates to be made and provides a more flexible and improved basis for risk assessment.
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Hopf, Nancy Brenna. "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposures in aluminum smelter and offshore workers." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1236105868.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.
Advisors: Glenn Talaska PhD (Committee Chair), Paul Succop PhD (Committee Member), Mary Beth Genter PhD (Committee Member), James Mack PhD (Committee Member), Tania Carreon PhD (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed April 26, 2009). Keywords: PAC; Offshore; exposure; biomonitoring; aluminium. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Pavani, Lilian. "Anfipodes gamarideos associados a bancos de Sargassum (Phaeophyceae, Fucales) em ambientes sujeitos a contaminação por hidrocarbonetos de petroleo." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316363.

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Orientador: Fosca Pedini Pereira Leite
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Na região do Canal de São Sebastião, onde opera o maior terminal petrolífero do Brasil, há extensos bancos de algas pardas do gênero Sargassum e anfípodes associados, mas também existem hidrocarbonetos alifáticos e aromáticos de petróleo na água e no sedimento. Sabese que os anfípodes são eficientes bioindicadores de qualidade ambiental, assim como as algas são importantes bioacumuladores. Avaliou-se a presença de hidrocarbonetos em Sargassum e buscou-se relacionar suas concentrações com distâncias crescentes a partir do terminal, tanto ao norte quanto ao sul da Ilha de São Sebastião. Essas concentrações e distâncias também foram utilizadas para verificar a estruturação das comunidades de anfípodes do fital de Sargassum. Essa avaliação foi feita para anfípodes, abordando-se a composição de grupos tróficos e de espécies. Não foi constatada relação entre as distâncias e concentrações de hidrocarbonetos presentes nas algas e na estruturação das comunidades de anfípodes em nenhuma das abordagens. No entanto, notou-se correspondência entre elas, o que indica que a identificação em famílias para o estabelecimento de grupos tróficos pode ser eficiente numa avaliação ambiental mais rápida. Também se obteve importante informação em relação à fauna de anfípodes do litoral do Estado de São Paulo, uma vez que ainda não havia estudos na Ilha de São Sebastião e a fauna de ilhas do estado ainda é pouco conhecida
Abstract: In the São Sebastião Channel region, where operates the greatest Brazilian petroliferous terminal, there are extensive banks of the brown seaweed Sargassum with many associated amphipods, but also polyciclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic hydrocarbons, which are present both in sedment and water. The amphipods are known to be efficient bioindicators of environmental quality, as well as the seaweed are important bioacumulators. The presence of hydrocarbons in Sargassum and its relationship with increasing distances from the terminal, both north and south of the São Sebastião Island, was evaluated. These concentrations and distances were also used to verify the structure of amphipod communities associated to Sargassum . This evaluation was made for amphipods identified in trofic groups and in species. There was no significant relationship between distances from the terminal and concentrations of hydrocarbons in the seaweed or the estructure of the amphipod communities. However, correspondence between the aproachs (trofic groups and species) was noticed, which indicates that the identification in families for the establishment of trofic groups can be efficient in a faster ambient evaluation. Also, important information related to amphipods of the São Paulo State coast was achieved, as far as the fauna of São Sebastião Island was first studied and the islands fauna of the State are still little known
Mestrado
Ecologia
Mestre em Ecologia
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Hara, Raquel Vaz [UNESP]. "Avaliação da genotoxicidade e mutagenicidade das águas dos rios Jaguari, Atibaia e Piracicaba, na região de influência da refinaria de Paulínia - SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87717.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Os avanços tecnológicos trazem muitos benefícios, no entanto vêm acompanhados de um aumento dos efluentes provenientes de diferentes tipos de indústrias, os quais geram subprodutos indesejáveis que carregam consigo muitos contaminantes químicos que são lançados todo ano no solo, ar e água. Em especial, as indústrias de refino de petróleo produzem efluentes ricos em metais pesados, químicos inorgânicos e orgânicos. Dentre os contaminantes orgânicos mais importantes do petróleo, encontram-se os Hidrocarbonetos, em especial os Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos (HPA). De maneira geral, tanto os HPA quanto seus derivados estão associados ao aumento da incidência de diversos tipos de cânceres no homem. Neste contexto, faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento e aplicação de ferramentas para avaliação de amostras ambientais possivelmente impactadas por dejetos químicos. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a genotoxicidade e a mutagenicidade das águas dos rios Jaquari-SP, Atibaia-SP e Piracicaba-SP, numa região influenciada pelos efluentes gerados pela refinaria de petróleo da cidade de Paulínia – SP. As avaliações foram feitas por meio de dois organismos-testes distintos: raízes de Allium cepa e cultura de Células de Ovário de Hamster Chinês (CHO-K1). Para os ensaios com A. cepa, foram aplicados os testes de aberrações cromossômicas (AC) e micronúcleos (MN) em células de meristemas de raízes e micronúcleos em células F1 deste mesmo órgão. Para os ensaios com células CHO-K1, foram a plicadas as técnicas do ensaio do cometa e do teste do Micronúcleo. Os resultados obtidos nessa pesquisa mostraram que as substâncias químicas geradas pelo processo de refino do petróleo apresentam características genotóxicas e/ou mutagênicas. Os resultados também permitiram o esclarecimento...
Technological advances bring many advances; however they are accompanied by an increase in the effluents derived from different types of industries, which generate undesirable by-products that carry several chemical contaminants that are discharged every year in the soil, air and water. Industries of petroleum refinery, in particular, produce effluents rich in heavy metals, inorganic and organic chemicals. Among the most important organic contaminants of the petroleum, we can highlight the Hydrocarbons, in special the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). In general, both PAHs and their derivatives are associated with the increase in the incidence of several types of cancer in humans. In this context, it is necessary to develop and apply tools to assess environmental samples possibly impacted by chemical waste. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of waters of the Jaquari-SP, Atibaia-SP and Piracicaba-SP rivers, in a region influenced by effluents generated by a petroleum refinery of the city of Paulínia – SP. The evaluations were carried out with two distinct test organisms: roots of Allium cepa and culture of cells of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO-K1). For the assays with A. cepa, the tests of chromosome aberrations (CA) and micronuclei (MN) in meristematic cells of roots and micronuclei in F1 cells of the same organ were applied. For the assays with CHO-K1 cells, the techniques of comet assay and the micronucleus test were used. The results obtained in this study showed that the chemical substances generated by the petroleum refining process present genotoxic and/or mutagenic characteristics. The results also allowed the elucidation of the modes of action of these compounds on the genetic material of the organisms exposed. Particularly, it was observed, by the tests performed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Tamada, Ivo Shodji [UNESP]. "Biodegradação e avaliação fitotoxicológica do diesel e do biodiesel." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95029.

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Mudanças climáticas, efeito estufa, degradação do meio ambiente são termos que ultimamente ganharam força devido às catástrofes ambientais mais frequentes. Por isso uma nova consciência sobre formas de energia, produção e consumo marcam esse século. Fontes de energia renovável e/ou menos poluente tem se tornado uma alternativa viável e politicamente correta, como é o caso do biodiesel. O biodiesel puro (B100) é formado, principalmente, pelo processo de transesterificação, no qual a glicerina do óleo vegetal ou gordura animal é removida da molécula. O Conselho Nacional de Políticas Energéticas (CNPE) estabeleceu, de acordo com a Resolução no 6 de 16 de setembro de 2009, que o diesel comercializado no Brasil deve apresentar 5% de biodiesel em volume, determinação que entrou em vigor no dia 1 de janeiro de 2010. A utilização crescente do biodiesel é evidente em todo o mundo, desta forma este trabalho propõe um estudo de biodegradação do diesel, biodiesel (de origem animal e vegetal) e suas misturas, além de avaliações toxicológias durante a biodegradação em solo. Para a análise de biodegradação foi utilizado duas técnicas, a de respirometria, utilizando respirômetros de Bartha e método colorimétrico baseada no indicador 2,6-dicloroindofenol (DCPIP). Para as avaliações toxicológicas foram utilizadas sementes de rúcula (Eruca sativa), sementes de alface (Lactuca sativa) e sementes de pepino (Cucumis sativus), observando a inibição do crescimento de plântulas e o índice de germinação (IG, relação da germinação e crescimento da raiz em comparação ao controle negativo) em 5 tempos de biodegradação em solo, sendo zero, 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 dias de biodegradação. A biodegradação pelo método respirométrico mostrou que o biodiesel de origem animal tem maior taxa de degradação e em sistemas que...
Climate change, global warming, environmental degradation are terms that lately gained strength due to environmental disasters more frequent. Therefore a new awareness about energy forms, production and consumption are evident in this century. Source of renewable energy or less polluting has become a viable and politically correct, such the biodiesel. The pure biodiesel (B100) is formed mainly by the transesterification process, which the glycerin of vegetable oil or animal fat is removed from the molecule. The National Energy Policy Council (CNPE) established in accordance with Resolution 6 on September 16, 2009, the diesel sold in Brazil must provide 5% biodiesel by volume, determining which entered into force on January 1, 2010. The increasing use of biodiesel is evident throughout the world, thus this paper proposes to study the biodegradation of diesel and biodiesel (animal and vegetable origins) and mixtures, and toxicology evaluations during biodegradation in soil. For analysis of biodegradation was used two techniques, the respirometry technique using respirometers Bartha & Pramer and colorimetric technique based on indicator 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP). For toxicological evaluations were used seeds of arugula (Eruca sativa), lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa) and seeds of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), observing the inhibition of seedling growth and germination index (GI, ratio of germination and growth of root compared to the negative control) in 5 days of biodegradation in soil: zero, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days of biodegradation time. Biodegradation by respirometric method showed that biodiesel from animal origin have higher degradation and systems that have surfactant favoritism occur in mixtures with higher diesel. The colorimetry with DCPIP biodiesel of animal fat and biodiesel of vegetable oils are more efficient than mixtures... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Roberto, Matheus Mantuanelli [UNESP]. "Avaliação de recursos hídricos sob a influência de atividades de uma indústria do petróleo, por meio de análises ecotoxicológicas integradas a parâmetros ambientais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123933.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A poluição e a preservação dos recursos hídricos são temas de grande preocupação mundial. As indústrias petroquímicas, cujas atividades têm sido intensas e crescentes nas últimas décadas, utilizam grandes volumes de água e geram grandes quantidades de efluentes. Dependendo da legislação do país e da conscientização da população sobre os prejuízos da poluição, muitas indústrias do petróleo têm também mostrado preocupação com o potencial poluidor de seus efluentes. Algumas indústrias deste setor têm se preocupado com a qualidade do ambiente do seu entorno, procurando minimizar os impactos gerados pela empresa, por meio do tratamento dos seus efluentes, bem como incentivando o monitoramento ambiental da área onde atuam. A maior refinaria de petróleo do Brasil está localizada na cidade de Paulínia/SP, entre dois grandes rios da região (Jaguari e Atibaia). Esta refinaria capta a água do rio Jaguari, a utiliza no processo de refino, trata a água servida e, só posteriormente, lança-a no rio Atibaia. Apesar de estes dois rios serem reconhecidamente impactados, devido à grande urbanização, industrialização e intensa atividade agrícola, eles servem para o abastecimento público das cidades da região e, portanto, devem ser preservados. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: (i) avaliar a citotoxicidade, genotoxicidade e mutagenicidade de diversas amostras de água coletadas nestes rios por meio de dois organismos-teste (Allium cepa e Oreochromis niloticus); (ii) avaliar estes parâmetros, por meio dos mesmos organismosteste, das amostras de água coletadas em diferentes etapas do tratamento do efluente realizado pela refinaria, durante o período de 2009 a 2013; e (iii) correlacionar a influência dos fatores físicos e químicos sobre a biota endêmica e, consequentemente, na ecotoxicologia do ecossistema. As análises físicas e químicas destas amostras foram realizadas a fim de, traçar o perfil dessas águas...
The pollution and the preservation of water resources are a global concern theme. The petrochemical industry, whose activities are high and have been increasing in the past decades, uses large volumes of water and generate big amounts of effluents. Depending on the laws of the country and the population awareness, many oil companies have shown a concern about their wastewater potential to pollute. Some industries of this sector have been worrying about the surrounding environment quality, attempting to minimize the impact by treating the wastewater, as well as stimulating the monitoring of the area where they operate. The largest oil refinery in Brazil is located in Paulínia municipality, São Paulo State, between two major rivers (Jaguari and Atibaia). This company gets water from the Jaguari river, treats the wastewater and discharge it in the Atibaia river. Despite the known impact on both rivers, mainly because of the urbanization, industrialization and the high agricultural activity, they supply the cities of the region and therefore should be preserved. The aims of this study were: (i) evaluate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity of several water samples collected from these rivers through two test organisms (Allium cepa e Oreochromis niloticus); (ii) evaluate those parameters, using the same test organisms, on the water samples collected at different stages of wastewater treatment performed by the refinery from 2009 to 2013, and (iii) correlate the influence of the physical, physicochemical and chemical factors on the endemic biota and, consequently, on the ecosystem ecotoxicology. The physicochemical and chemical analyses of these samples were also performed in order to make a profile of those waters in different seasons, compare the results of this analysis to the current Brazilian law and correlate them to the biological responses showed by the exposed organisms. Meteorological data of rainfall and climate were also...
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Books on the topic "Petroleum – Toxicology"

1

Politzer, Ieva R. Impact on human health of petroleum in the marine environment. Washington, D.C: The Institute, 1985.

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Il pane e la morte: Lo scambio salute-lavoro nel polo industirale brindisino. Rome]: Sensibili alle foglie, 2014.

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Workshop on Technical Specifications (1989 New Orleans, La.). Oil and dispersant toxicity testing: Proceedings of a Workshop on Technical Specifications held in New Orleans, January 17-19, 1989. Edited by Duke Thomas W, Petrazzuolo Gary, United States. Minerals Management Service. Gulf of Mexico OCS Region., and Technical Resources Inc. New Orleans: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Regional Office, 1989.

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Workshop, on Technical Specifications (1989 New Orleans La ). Oil and dispersant toxicity testing: Proceedings of a Workshop on Technical Specifications held in New Orleans, January 17-19, 1989. New Orleans: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Regional Office, 1989.

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Workshop on Technical Specifications (1989 New Orleans, La.). Oil and dispersant toxicity testing: Proceedings of a Workshop on Technical Specifications held in New Orleans, January 17-19, 1989. Edited by Duke Thomas W, Petrazzuolo Gary, United States. Minerals Management Service. Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, and Technical Resources Inc. New Orleans: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Regional Office, 1989.

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Association, Western Interprovincial Scientific Studies. Western Canada study of animal health effects associated with exposure to emissions from oil and natural gas field facilities: A study of 33,000 cattle in British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan. Calgary, Alta: WISSA, 2006.

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Drewa, Gerard. Badania nad wpływem olejów napędowych i detergentu ABS na garnelę Crangon Crangon L. Szczecin: Wydawn. Akademii Rolniczej w Szczecinie, 1985.

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Toxicological and performance aspects of oxygenated motor vehicle fuels. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1996.

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Office, General Accounting. Superfund: Status, cost, and timeliness of hazardous waste site cleanups : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1994.

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Office, General Accounting. Superfund: Stronger EPA-state relationship can improve cleanups and reduce costs : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Petroleum – Toxicology"

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Zhang, Guang-hui, and Zhao-lin Xia. "CHAPTER 31. Petroleum, Its Derivatives and Micronuclei." In Issues in Toxicology, 514–31. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788013604-00514.

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Botello, Alfonso V., F. Susana Villanueva, and G. Gilberto Diaz. "Petroleum Pollution in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea." In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 91–118. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2302-3_3.

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Coppock, Robert W., and Ralph G. Christian. "Petroleum." In Veterinary Toxicology, 659–73. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-811410-0.00050-7.

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Coppock, Robert W., and Ralph G. Christian. "Petroleum." In Veterinary Toxicology, 615–39. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012370467-2/50151-6.

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Coppock, Robert W., and Ralph G. Christian. "Petroleum." In Veterinary Toxicology, 745–78. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-385926-6.00072-7.

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Clough, Stephen R. "Petroleum Distillates." In Encyclopedia of Toxicology, 372–75. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-369400-0/00741-9.

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Beattie, Patricia J. "Petroleum Ether." In Encyclopedia of Toxicology, 375–76. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-369400-0/00742-0.

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Gad, Shayne C. "Petroleum Hydrocarbons." In Encyclopedia of Toxicology, 377–79. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-369400-0/00743-2.

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Gad, S. C. "Petroleum Hydrocarbons." In Encyclopedia of Toxicology, 838–40. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-386454-3.00899-x.

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Nalliah, R. E. "Petroleum Ether." In Encyclopedia of Toxicology, 834–37. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-386454-3.00418-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Petroleum – Toxicology"

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Al-Suwaiyan, M. S. "Controlling groundwater pollution from petroleum products leaks." In ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/etox100091.

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Singer, E. J., C. R. Mackerer, A. E. Mekitarian, and C. J. DiPerna. "Toxicology Testing of Petroleum Products: The Basis for Managing and Communicating Hazards." In 1986 SAE International Fall Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/861595.

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