Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pétrolière'
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Ba, Ibrahima. "La politique pétrolière du Sénégal." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010282.
Full textDucros, Mathieu. "Approches intégrées de construction et d’analyse des modèles de systèmes pétroliers : apports pour l’exploration pétrolière." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066740.
Full textNumerical tools for petroleum system modeling and forward stratigraphic modeling were designed to account for complex processes responsible for hydrocarbon accumulations in petroleum reservoirs. These processes, which extended to new mechanisms and gained details with increasing understanding, involve several geoscience disciplines making difficult the building of models consistent with both data and knowledge. The work performed during this Ph.D. aims at making basin modeling more accessible to geoscientists first by making easier the integration of geological concepts and available data during the process of model building and then by improving quality of forecasts and of risk quantification through sensitivity and risk analysis on maps. In a first section, two methods designed for better and easier estimation of the thermal history and of the distribution of marine organic matter in sedimentary basins are presented. They are based on a similar procedure which uses local data and regional knowledge to assess these two key aspects of petroleum system exploration. An optimization loop is initially performed on input parameters to fit on local data before extrapolating the results to basin scale under the constraint of the regional geological information. Both approaches were patented (Ducros, 2012; Ducros et Chauveau, 2015). The basin of Berkine in Algeria, for which an important set of thermal data is available, was used as an application case study for the method designed for estimating thermal history. The Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, known for its production of unconventionals, was used for illustrating the estimation of the distribution of organic matter. The second part of the work is dedicated to a new methodology for sensitivity and risk analysis on maps. It is built on a proxy-model of the simulator behavior in the uncertain space to save time during the sampling phase required for providing statistical results. It also uses a principal component analysis to reduce the space dimension when dealing with maps. The approach is illustrated on two case studies: one using a forward stratigraphic model for assessing the position of petroleum reservoirs and one on a petroleum system modeling tool for assessing the maturity of a source-rock in the Levant Basin. These new tools strengthen the integration of data coming from different disciplines to produce more consistent and robust results. They make easier the interpretation of risk analysis provided on a format compatible with classical methods of risk assessment in petroleum exploration such as CRS mapping. The results of this work emphasize the role of these tools for making the link between the different disciplines of geosciences to provide consistent and predictive results. They also give access to powerful risk mapping that can be part of a more general framework, called Common Risk Segment Mapping, used for risks assessment in petroleum exploration
Hammadache, Ahmed. "Rente pétrolière, déséquilibres internationaux et dynamique nationale." Paris 13, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA131032.
Full textThis study is a modeling of international financial imbalances by taking into account the role played by oil producing countries. To meet our problem and clearly identify our subject, several complementary methods are used for modeling: modeling oil prices "VECM", modeling exchange rates fundamental equilibrium "FFER" and modeling imbalances financial with a theoretical model in Stock Flow Consistent "SFC" and with a model of the world economy "Cambridge Alphametrics model. " Our thesis is divided into five chapters: Chapter 1 is an introduction to the issue of imbalances in the global economy and the role played by oil producing countries in the formation of these imbalances. Chapter 2 is an analysis of the determinants of oil prices, which record an increase and volatility in recent years. Chapter 3 focuses on the exchange rate of oil exporting countries, and we believe the exchange rate fundamental equilibrium for these economies. Chapter 4 is a model SFC payments imbalances among nations. Chapter 5 is a model of the world economy (CAM) which uses real data
Belarbi, Abdelkader. "Fiscalité pétrolière et stratégie de développement en Algérie." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100028.
Full textVery few studies have been made, in the field of oil fiscality, and we have lead our analysis in an environment of constraints, that is to say, diffulties to get datas, drawbacks, that did not allow us to study deeply our subject. We managed to achieve our study with these very few datas. Trough we granted a greater importance to part one of our study, we have had to face other difficulties, because oil fiscality leans on a certain number of items that we have called "determinants" (that is to say : prices, computering modalities, etc. . ) for fiscality calculation, the price is the main element we have shown that variety of non-refined oils exists, which led us a diversity of prices on the world oil market. The mecanism of these prices is different from theories other raw materials because they are not determined by the conditioning of the market, or by offer and demand. The study of prices has led us afterwards to see another of the problem: the oil rent. Why this concept? Because, according to us, is a "gift from nature". As for the two elements of oil fiscality, (royalty and direct tax), we have found it useful to focus on the technical side, because determining conditions vary a country to another. The evaluation and inputs of oil fiscality in the Algerian development model are dealt in secund part of our study. As the hydrocarbure are a non-renewable energy, it is thus necessary to settle down an industrial framework, in the process of development in Algeria
Tonderi, Astiage. "L'analyse structurale d'économie pétrolière en Iran : 1900-1975." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100060.
Full textYackow, Angeles. "Influence des transitions d’ordre sur les propriétés thermodynamiques des fluides pétroliers." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1413.
Full textThe current trends of research in petroleum thermodynamics want to replace PVT measurements by predictions made with the help of special thermodynamic models. However, these models cannot always be directly applied : their model parameters need to be adjust fluid by fluid. This phenomena cannot be explained without taking into account the hydrocarbon matrix physics. The purpose of this project is to study the hydrocarbon matrix physics and their order transitions or the changes in the molecular organisation within the hydrocarbon phase. These transitions might be responsible for different phenomena such as atypical critical point links, different MMP (Minimal Miscibility Pressure) for similar fluids or supercritical segregations. Moreover, the hydrocarbon structure changes might also influence the swelling ratios and the sedimentation of hydrocarbon solids. These order transitions do not occur in simple systems (a system with few known constituents), that is why this work was done with a real petroleum fluid database
Rossiaud, Sylvain. "L'évolution de la structure de gouvernance pétrolière russe : une interprétation en termes néo-institutionnels." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00734958.
Full textAkkouche, Madjid. "Application de la datation par traces de fission à l'analyse de la thermicité de bassins à potentialités pétrolières : exemple de la cuvette de Sbaâ et du bassin de l'Ahnet-Nord (plate-forme saharienne occidentale, Algérie)." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13367.
Full textLopera, Sergio Hernando. "Extraction pétrolière et politique énergétique durable : le cas colombien." Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE21012.
Full textCherif, Mohamed-Jallel. "Adaptation des payes arabes à uine nouvelle donne pétrolière." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090038.
Full textThe contribution of oil in the economic growth of arab countries is relatively considerable, but the actual condition of sales and reserves of hydrocarbon of certain countries in the O. A. P. E. C. C appears to be reaching an unquestionable high level. The need for a rapid distribution of oil revenues through accelerated industrialization justifies itself in point of fact concerning this new oil deal. The object of thesis is the study of the dynamics of oil reserves in relation to that of economic activity. In this research we have attempted to deal with the following three themes. - the evolution of different sources of energy - the industrial valorization of hydrocarbons - the 'large-scale' economic results of oil expropriation and subsequent oil stratagies. These are the three points which have been approached in this thesis
Paillet, Sabrina. "Polyélectrolytes associatifs: Synthèse, Caractérisation, Propriétés en Ecoulement et Application pétrolière." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00419736.
Full textGeraets, David. "Modélisation stochastique de champs de vitesse géophysique en exploration pétrolière." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2002. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001236.
Full textRezaiezadeh, Baravati Mohammad Javad. "La crise pétrolière et ses répercussions internationales et en France." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2A001.
Full textThe oil crisis broke out in the seventies, its results were rather beneficial to the producers and harmful to the consumers. The crisis showed itself in a rise of oil prices and a decrease in production. Not only was the field of oil industries upset, but international economic relationships were called into question too. The crisis enabled oil producing countries to get themselves out of international companies'supervision by forcing the fixed price of crude oil on them and by getting rid of their old concessions. Higher oil prices were a painful blow to western countries whose economies were based on oil imports and a more painful one on developing countries. They accelerated the pace of inflation and entailed big problems for the balances of payments in such countries. The result for France in 1974 was a 16,9 billion trade deficit. France's reaction to the crisis was different from other western countries' and oil companies'. It did not agree with the american thesis : a unified body of consumers so as to break the solidarity of producing countries. It refused to join the international agency for energy and proposed a tripartite conference on energy (. . . )
Mercier, Philippe. "Les stratégies de production pétrolière des pays du Moyen-Orient." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOE006.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyse the relations between the middle eastern oil producing countries. How economics can contribute to better explain the production behaviours of theses countries ? What about the effects ? This study is based on : - an empirical analysis of the real production strategies of the middle eastern countries, which mostly belong to the OPEC. We will try to concentrate on the following notions : cooperation/conflict/rationality of behaviours. Also, we will demonstrate how the study of international relations, especially the exercise of influence between nations, can contribute an original point of view ; - a theoretical analysis : what kind of solutions the economic theory can provide, as it may be classical or modem (particularly the game theory), to explain these behaviours
Paillet, Sabrina. "Polyélectrolytes associatifs : Synthèse, caractérisation, propriétés en écoulement et application pétrolière." Phd thesis, Pau, 2009. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/41/97/36/PDF/these_sabrina_paillet.pdf.
Full textThe studies presented in literature show that monografted Hydrophobically Modified Polymers (HMP) present in water original rheological properties. To improve the rheological properties of these systems, we played on the nature of grafting by particularly considering bigrafted HPE by mixing of short (C4) and long alkyl chains (C12). To clarify the respective effect of each graft on their associative properties, we decided to work on a model system where the degree of polymerization and distribution of the main chain are identical whatever the grafting method, i. E. Mono and bigrafted. Our choice was focused on the chemical modification of poly (acrylic acid), a work of synthesis and characterization was carried out: classical and assisted-microwaves chemical modification, new 1H NMR elucidation of microstructure, Automatic continuous mixing technique for macromolecular dimension…. The rheological results show a unexpected improvement of the viscosifying effect as function of polymer concentration, composition, shear rate, salinity and temperature. In perspective, an overview of the potentialities of HPE (structures undisclosed) in Enhanced Oil Recovery is presented
Serfati, Thierry. "La NIOC, instrument de la politique pétrolière iranienne : 1951-1990." Toulouse 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU10018.
Full textIn 1988, the periodical "Petroleum intelligence weekly" named the N. I. O. C. As the fifth largest oil conglomerate in the world. This itself is indicative of developments since the nationalisation in 1951 of the Iranian oil industry, and the creation in the same year of Iran’s publically owned oil corporation, the "National Iranian Oil Company". The N. I. O. C. Was established to formalise the public ownership of the Iranian oil industry, and has been used from the outset as the tool of the Iranian government to implement its policy towards the oil industry, namely: - at the beginning, to create and form the Iranian oil industry, - subsequently, as a means of developing the industry in the light of new political and economic realities. - finally, as the promoter of countertrade for the Iranian oil industry, notably during the eight year Iraq-Iran conflict. From the end of the war (about mid-1988), the N. I. O. C. Further developed its role as "adaptor" of the Iranian oil industry within the context of the accelerated reconstruction of the national economy. This is a task which, in July 1990, is still continuing. .
Umar, Tajudeen Sagir. "Géologie pétrolière du secteur nigérian du bassin du lac Tchad." Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU3013.
Full textAoun, Marie-Claire. "La rente pétrolière et le développement économique des pays exportateurs." Paris 9, 2008. http://basepub.dauphine.fr/theses/2008PA090034.
Full textMokrani, Amar. "Problèmes pseudo-paraboliques à vitesse asservie : Application en prospection pétrolière." Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU3009.
Full textThis work deals with the mathematical analysis of a model initially proposed by the “Institut Français du Pétrole” (IFP). It concerns the evolution of a monolithological sedimentary basin with a maximum rate of erosion. We are led to consider a gravitational model where the flux of sediments is proportional to the gradient of the topography, following a dynamic law of type Darcy- Barenblatt, with a constraint. Then, a multiplier is introduced, playing the role of a flux-limiter, in order to reconcile a process of gravitational transport for the sedimentation and a mechanism maximum of erosion by autogeneous regulation. After a short presentation of this model “weather limited”, we present a method of compactness, based on a result of uniqueness for a non-standard nonlinear stationary problem, proving that a solution exists to the problem. Then, a result of existence of a sequence of solutions to an implicit time-discretisation of a differential inclusion is proved. By an alternative approach, based on the classical results of N. G. Meyers and J. Necas, it is possible to give a result of existence and uniqueness of the solution to slightly different model, for a regular initial condition. Then, thanks to some energy methods, locally hyperbolic aspects are proved. Some numerical simulations are also proposed in order to illustrate the theoretical aspects of the study and the influence of the different parameters of the equation. Finally, some conclusions and perspectives are proposed
Ortiz, Ortiz Martín. "L'histoire de l'exploitation pétrolière dans l'Etat de Tabasco, 1900-1960." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0506.
Full textThe history of petroleum exploitation at Tabasco State, 1900-1960, is a made study in base of utilization of primary information that comes from documental sources of first hand that are situated in the general Archives of the Nation and in the historical Archives of Pémex at México City. For elaborating this thesis : a) I took the elements that integrate the petroleum socio-economic phenomenon as, the petroleum lessees enterprises and the perforation enterprises, the wells, the fields, the camps, the bombs stations, the warehouses, the ducts and petrochemistries ; b) Too, I took the stages of the same oil develop as, the geophysique exploration of ground, the wells perforation, the production, the transport, the refination, the distribution end the consume of the petroleum. During the explication of origin and develop of petroleum exploitation, I saw ones questions : a) that the information of bibliohemerographic sources repeat the passed information and the archives give us unknown and new information ; b) that the existence of documentals sources in archives is impressive for the investigation in different areas of knowlege ; and c) that today at México, the integral investigation about the petroleum is scarce and minimum
Chadouli, Kheira. "Caractérisation pétrographique appliquée à la modélisation pétrolière : étude de cas." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0291/document.
Full textUnderstanding oil systems requires petrographic characterization of all elements and process that compose it. In this work, several examples of source rocks, reservoir rocks and seal from different petroleum basins have been studied in order to describe conventional petrographic methods and develop new ones. The new ones as: a program of transformation kinetic of kerogene composed of two types of organic matter, maceral analysis and microfractures study using images analysis, the diffraction X-ray and tomography allowed source rock description. As for, reservoir rocks, methods of petrophysical characterization by images analysis, MSCL Microscopy and wettability parameters permit reservoir quality description and their preservation over time due to recrystalization and dissolution phenomena, fluid flow and TSR/BSR reaction. The cap rocks studied in this thesis are those of Callovo-Ordovician argillites, using X-Ray diffraction as well as images analysis and tomography. Those methods facilitated the understanding of argillites behavior over time, their sorption/desorption ability and their reliability of nuclear waste storage. Finally, Modeling using Petromod helps to determine petroleum systems functioning. Modeling by percolation method gives results closer to oil basins reality, than by Darcy/Hybrid method
Béraud, Philippe, and Innocento Sodji. "Les modalités de formation et de recyclage de la rente pétrolière." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100070.
Full textThe subject of this work consists in revealing the conditions of formation, appropriation and redistribution of oil rent from a new angle. In order to fulfill the requirements of the problematic in a relevant way, a division into two parts was adopted, referring to the methods of interpretation of energy economics and development economics respectively. The heuristic stake lies in the capacity to restitute the very unity and continuity of the studied phenomenon, by linking together the teachings drawn from the two preceding investigation fields, and thus by rejecting the classical dichotomy or and descriptive interpretation. In this way, our contribution shows itself an attempt to follow and to reflect the cycle of the rent from its start to its metamorphosis. Therefore the first part deals with the analysis of the conditions of formation and appropriation of oil surplus. Stress is laid on the structure of energy prices and on the factors which determine its evolution. For this purpose we show that the confrontation between the conditions of energy supply and demand (including the influence of public intervention) can be an object of systematization able to reflect the combination of factors, making the understanding of the economic links between the different sources of energy obvious. The nature of oil surplus, the evolution of its amount and of its repartition, can therefore be interpreted in the light of the theoretical teachings acquired in the framework of this systematization. The second part deals with the analysis of the conditions and the effects of redistribution of oil surplus in the OPEC countries, especially of the arabo-iranian area (Algeria, Libya, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait). Stress is laid on industrialization and others aspects of economic evolution of these countries
Dikoume, Albert. "La fiscalité pétrolière comparée dans les États membres de la CEMAC." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010271.
Full textPuiseux, Pierre. "Méthode multigrille pour la résolution de modèles mathématiques de l'industrie pétrolière." Pau, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PAUU1008.
Full textSchneider, Marc. "Mouillabilité texturée dans les systèmes micro fluidiques et applications dans l'industrie pétrolière." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00568996.
Full textRouvalis, Georges. "Pétrole et capitalisme : nationalisation pétrolière et développement capitaliste au Mexique : 1938-1978." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100257.
Full textEmami, Parvaneh. "L'Industrie pétrolière en Iran, 1970-1978 : ses effets d'entraînement sur l'économie iranienne." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070020.
Full textTadayoni, Kazerouni Abbas. "La législation pétrolière américaine et le nouveau droit international de la mer." Paris 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA020109.
Full textWaisman, Henri. "Les politiques climatiques entre prix du carbone, rente pétrolière et dynamiques urbaines." Paris, EHESS, 2012. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00799199.
Full textThis thesis investigates the effects of constraints imposed on economic interactions by limitations due to natural resources, among which oil and urban land play a curcial role in the context of climate change. These dimensions, often neglected in existing analyses, have an ambiguous effect since they suggest both the risk of enhanced costs if carbon limitations reinforce the sub-optimalities caused by pre-existing constraints, but also, conversely, the possibility of co-benefits if the climate policy helps to correct some pre-existing imperfections of socio-economic trajectories. To investigate this issue, an innovative modeling framework of the energy-economy interactions is elaborated that embarks the specificities of the deployment of oil production capacities and the issues related to the spatial organization in urban areas. We demonstrate that, beyond the carbon price, the costs of climate policy essentially depend on the sequencing of complementary measures, with a crucial role of spatial policy designed to control transport-related emissions through mobility
Marashi, Shoushtari Sohella. "L'évolution du secteur agricole et la rente pétrolière en Algérie (1962-1990)." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100027.
Full textAbadon, Luc. "Couplage pyrolyse-chromatographie en phase gazeuse. : Application a la géochimie organique pétrolière." Pau, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PAUU3018.
Full textKhazaee, Mohammad. "Oil city of Abadan (1908-1951): history, valorisation and patrimonialisation." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29679.
Full textSarret, Patrick. "Modélisation numérique des champs de fractures des massifs rocheux : application à l'industrie pétrolière." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10018.
Full textBlin, Louis. "L'Algérie, du Sahara au Sahel : route transsaharienne, économie pétrolière et construction de l'Etat." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040067.
Full textAlgeria has decided to build the transsaharan highway after the nationalization of petroleum, following years of unproductive regional co-operation. The Algerian authorities set this road as a model. This project is a symbol of the power given to the state by the hydrocarbons on both internal and external stages, as it was to turn the Sahara into the masterpiece of the establishment of a national territory, as well as it aimed at the reorganization of the regional environment, relating to the situation involved by the petroleum rent. This highway has materialized at one time the new vocation of the Sahara as a root and a stake of power, and the rivalries enhanced between its inhabitants and their states, as well as between the neighboring or non-neighboring countries. Algeria put this project aside after 1978, and sahelian countries built concurrent roads: these phenomenons show the crisis of the petroleum-based economy and the withdrawal of Algerian southern ambitions. On the cultural point of view, the transsaharan highway has lead to the reappraisal of Algeria’s saharan components, in opposition to its Mediterranean leaning during and after the colonization. The Sahara is the base of Algeria’s and even of most of the partly saharan countries ' development. It must not be considered as a peripheric or a transit zone, but as a distinct area. The awareness of belonging to Sahara may be a way for the people of this region to build their own identity
Nyouki, Evariste. "Asymétries et externalités d'informations, stratégies des compagnies et efficacité informationnelle de l'exploration pétrolière." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON10060.
Full textOmri, Mohamed Ali. "Fiscalité pétrolière : impact sur l'activité exploration-production des hydrocarbures : cas de la Tunisie." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE0020.
Full textFollowing the decrease of hydrocarbon production of the country, the tunisian government had taken fiscal measures in order to encourage companies for developping hydrocarbon activities. It is appear, by using an econometric model that the taxation has no significant effect on exploration activity. Otherwise, the taxation effects on production activity is clear by reducing the partition gap between state and company and allowin g the development of marginal discoveries
Omgba, Luc Désiré. "Trois essais sur l'économie politique de la rente pétrolière dans les Etats africains." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/49/40/70/PDF/These_L.D._OMGBA.pdf.
Full textThe vision of the role of natural resources in the development process has changed over the last thirty years. The optimistic views of the beginning became more moderate, even pessimistic. This thesis focuses on the role of oil in the political, institutional, and economic performances of African countries, some of which are richly endowed. It revolves around three empirical essays. Chapter 2 focuses on the duration of political regimes in Africa and shows from a duration model that revenues from oil exploitation play an important role. Chapter 3 examines the high indebtedness of oil-producing countries. A collateral effect of oil resources is highlighted, it dominates an instability effect. Chapter 4 includes, in a dynamic computable general equilibrium model, the permanent income hypothesis presented in the literature as the answer to the fiscal management of oil revenues. It concludes that a relevant rule of oil revenues management in African countries should not reduce only the impact of volatility on public finances, but it should also address the development needs of African oilproducing countries
Zoleyn, Nader. "Le droit des hydrocarbures en Iran et la recherche d'une politique pétrolière indépendante." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010275.
Full textFollowing the nationalization of its oil industry, Iran, through the medium of the N. I. O. C. , has progressively established new legal bases toward its working relationships with international petroleum companies operating within its territory. Iran's initiatives have contributed largely to the awakening of the oil producing countries ; its efforts are landmarks in the evolution of the traditional structures of the world oil market toward a balance between the existing powers and the implementation of a new international order
Betbeder, Jean-Bernard. "Modélisation et analyse mathématique du modèle black-oil sous-saturé en ingéniérie pétrolière." Pau, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PAUU3003.
Full textJazzar, Sultan. "L'ontologie de l'économie pétrolière en Arabie Saoudite et analyse terminologique anglais-français-arabe." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA1005.
Full textBordenave, Sylvain. "Impact d'une contamination pétrolière sur les tapis microbiens et étude de leur réponse." Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU3018.
Full textAncestral and ubiquist ecosystems, microbial mats present an important biodiversity and a high metabolic richness. In coastal zone, these vertically laminated bacterial structures are exposed to diverse forms of contamination. Because they are main actors in biochemical cycles, the appreciation of contamination impact on these ecosystems is essential in microbial ecology. In this context, the present PhD study attempts specifically to better understand the impact of petroleum contamination on the complex bacterial community of microbial mats. The study is essentially based on microcosm experiments performed with different microbial mats. First, molecular approaches (T-RFLP and clone libraries analyses) based on 16S rRNA encoding genes allowed to follow during at least three months and up to one year of incubation, a petroleum pollution impact on bacterial communities of microbial mats. The study was also performed at the transcriptomic level (16S rRNA) in order to precise the response of metabolically active bacterial communities in these microbial structures. The main result of this work showed the resilience capacity of microbial mats. Afterward, the study of genes encoding for enzymes involved in hydrocarbon degradation (dioxygenases and benzylsuccinate synthase) have been performed in order to precise the functional response of microbial mats after petroleum contamination. Since the study of these functional genes could not relay the impact of petroleum we focused our study on new potentially involved genes. For this purpose, differential display approach on ARN was applied and allowed to display some gene/function potentially involved in microbial mat response after petroleum contamination
Madjigoto, Robert. "Évolution socio-économique et environnementale de la région pétrolière du Logone Oriental (Tchad)." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010527.
Full textWerner, Alexander. "Viscosité des fluides pétroliers riches en produits lourds : mesure et modélisation." Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUU3026.
Full textStauffert, Magalie. "Dynamique des communautés microbiennes en réponse à une contamination pétrolière dans des sédiments bioturbés." Thesis, Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU3031/document.
Full textCoastal areas such as mudflats are affected by oil spills. In these environments, microorganisms play a crucial role in the fate of petroleum hydrocarbons. However, many factors influence microbial activities, especially the bioturbating organisms, which altered the oxygen penetration in sediments. The present work attempts to better understand the impact of petroleum contamination on microbial community associated with petroleum contamination in sediments with low and high bioturbation activity. This study is based on microcosm experiments with a device simulating tidal cycles. Marine sediments were maintained for 9 months in microcosms and subjected to four conditions: (i) no treatment (control), (ii) oil, (iii) bioturbation and (iv) oil and bioturbation. Chemical, microbiological and biological analyses were conducted throughout the experiment. The efficiencies of degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons were similar in both sediments. By molecular approaches, we assessed the dynamic of the functional and taxonomic diversity of the total and metabolically active communities during the oil contamination. Microbial communities showed significant structural rearrangements specific for each treatment that resulted in distinct microbial communities in both sediments. Hence, the overall microbial community structure was changed by bioturbating activity without changing the degradation capacity revealing a functional redundancy of the biodegradation capacity of hydrocarbons. This result was further supported by the isolation and characterization of hydro carbonoclastic communities
Laguerre, Gisèle. "Etude de microorganismes fixateurs asymbiotiques d'azote atmosphérique isolés de déchets huileux de raffinerie pétrolière." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO10505.
Full textPaisse, Sandrine. "Etude de la réponse d’une communauté bactérienne de sédiments côtiers à une contamination pétrolière." Pau, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PAUU3015.
Full textCoastal zones are highly productive environments chronically exposed to hydrocarbon contamination. Bacterial communities inhabiting these ecosystems play key role in biogeochemical processes and often form microbial mats in which microorganisminteractions are enhanced. In order to characterize the modifications occurring in the bacterial community during oil spill, the bacterial community response of Etang-de-Berre coastal sediment to oil contamination was studied based on in situ analysis of natural bacterial communities as well as on microcosm experiments. First the investigation of the in situ natural bacterial communities inhabiting sediments in a gradient of hydrocarbon concentrations revealed an important adaptation of the bacterial community to the oil contamination. We then explored the early response of the bacterial community to cope with the oil contamination. Analyses based on 16S rRNA genes and their transcripts revealed structural modifications occurring in the first hours and the first days following the contamination. The diversity and the expression of functional genes involved in hydrocarbon degradation such as alkane monooxygenase and naphthalene dioxygenase were investigated. These genes were immediately expressed in response to the oil addition while concomitantly high rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation were observed. Thus these results indicated important adaptative mechanisms during the first two days following the contamination. In order to further characterize this mechanism at the whole bacterial community level, we then performed the identification of genes repressed and/or overexpressed in response to oil addition
Garza-Garza, Rodolfo. "L'exploitation pétrolière au Mexique, le cadre juridique, les politiques et la structure de l'industrie." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010287.
Full textDivided in three parts, this thesis analyses, respectively, the legal framework for oil exploration and commercial exploitation, the monopolistic structure of these activities in mexico, and the petroleum policies of the Mexican government, several theoretical approches are used in order to better analyse the Mexican model. The first part is about the "regime" concerning underground ownership and the juridical principles for exploration and production of oil, i. E. , the principle of constitutionality, the principle of public utility, the principle of permanent sovereignty over oil ressources, and, mainly, the principle of monopoly ; later, this part analyses the legal "regime" per se, i. E. , the titles which autorise the making of the various petroleum down-stream operations, and the rights and duties which this titles create. The second part tries to put in a theoretical perspective the Mexican "regime", as a model of managed monopoly, with its limitations regarding the freedom of management and the freedom of contractual policy of the state enterprise petroleos mexicanos. This part allows us to see and understand the different relations between the national compary and the state, on the one hand, and between petroleos mexicanos and the union of oil workers, on the other hand, the former being of an administrative caracter, and the latter of an inner political one. Finally, this second part briefly analyses the main features of petroleos mexicanos as an oil compary : vertical and horizontal integration, the organizational structure for the exploration and production of hydrocarbons. The third part studies the oil planning in mexico, mainly the making an implementation of policies which have a direct impact upon the oil exploration and production activities in Mexico
Fournier, Gilles. "Application des modèles mathématiques de coût à la détermination des investissements dans l'industrie pétrolière." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOE008.
Full textIt is today of paramount importance to realistically forecast the cost and time required to design and manufacture a given product, from the very first phase of the project. Furthermore, with the increasingly rapid development of technology, it is often impossible to draw a direct parallel with existing, well known products. Mathematical models of cost, and map models in particular, have been developed to meet this need. Although one may still refer to former products, they do not automatically have to be "analogous" to the product under consideration, because these methods use "universal relationships" between cost, weight, technology, performance and reliability, and also the nature and experience of the firm manufacturing the product. The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate the pertinence, and more importantly the potential, of mathematical models of cost for the oil and gas industry, from exploration and production to refining, petrochemicals, and internal combustion engines. After a theoretical examination of estimation methods and a classification of existing ones, emphasis is placed on the logical aspect of these models. In addition, the complementarity between these tools and certain fields such as project management is pointed out, for example with respect to value control. The last chapter of the thesis is devoted to case studies. It aims chiefly at comparing theory with practice in order to identify the limits of mathematical models of cost so that they can be used judiciously
Berthaud, Pierre. "Essai sur l'évolution de l'économie globale à partir de l'étude de sa composante pétrolière." Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE21035.
Full textFounded upon the precursoy works of schumpeter (on "economic development"), of perroux (on power and economic spaces), of keynes (on "monetary economics of production") and, more recently, on the elements of the french regulation theories (on "productive system" and the crisis), we sut up an essay on the global evolution of industrial capitalism such as it appears when we consider it within one ot its particular atypical component of activities namely, the petroleum industry in its relation with the energy sector. The first part defines and connects together the fundamental notions in an outlook closely intertwing economics and politics, the monetary and the real world. It shows the necessity to have priliminary ideas concerning the productive system which is jointly the subject and object of the evolution in order to understand to what extent the specific development of the petroleum industry and the energy sector is a factor of the global development -while, at the same time, it is an example illustrating the main stages of that evolution. In the second part, we analyse the regulation and the crises of the american productive (petroleum) system between 1920-21 and to-day. From this study, there follows a number of questions concerning the nature of changes at work since the end of the sixties, as far as the petroleum industry and the global economy are concerned but
Benzoni-Gavage, Sylvie. "Analyse numérique des modèles hydrodynamiques d'écoulements diphasiques instationnaires dans les réseaux de production pétrolière." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10226.
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