Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pétroliers'
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Jirari, Younès. "Stabilisation des recettes d'exportations pétrolières : contrats à terme et d'options négociables pétroliers." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX24006.
Full textSince the year 1982, petroleum market has registered great instability in price movements. The latter became more important at the end of 1985. One of the disastrous consequences of this instability has to found in incomes fluctuations of petroleum exporting countries. Combined with the domestic as well as external dependency of petroleum exporting countries to their incomes, this instability can act as a brake to economic expansion. How to manage this kind of risk? Based upon empirical tests realised on a sample of 31 petroleum exporting countries, it is shown that thanks to hedging operations, futures and options markets can be efficient in reducing petroleum income fluctuations. Petroleum exporting countries have the opportunity to realise extra revenues by broadening their activities to these markets. To this end, petroleum exporting nations have to elaborate strategies
El, Kailani-Chariat Ebtissam. "La stabilisation des contrats pétroliers." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D058/document.
Full textThe direct foreign investment contract raises, in practice, a long series of very complex legal problems. A Complexity that is particularly accentuated when a foreign investment concerns natural resources, and especially petrol, which remains to this day the most valuable resource for global socio-economic development.This complexity around the petroleum investment contracts can be explained by two main factors. The first factor concerns the differences and even contradictory nature of the contracting parties as well as of their rights stemming from the contract itself. The second factor touching the elements of risk surrounding the petroleum industry as well as its affect on petroleum investment contracts which interrupts their execution.While an investigation into the stability, security and continuity of the petroleum investment contracts requires work decided into two different steps. The first is an interrogation in order to identify the rights and obligations of the two contracting parties "host State and private investor", In view of national and international law. It is also a question of classifying and identifying the legal nature of the petroleum contract as well as the nature and sources of the laws that govern its relation. While the second step focuses on an analysis of the legislative and contractual solutions as well as their applications by international law, national law and the doctrine, in order to perceive a more secure and lasting stability
Ayadi, Karim. "La prévision des prix pétroliers." Paris 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA020050.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the way one can make very short run predictions of spot oil and petroleum derivatives prices. Broadly, there are two issues of interest: the autoregressive expectations and the price discovery role of oil futures prices. In the first part we examine two different forecasting methodologies: technical analysis and time series modelling. Our empirical results show evidence for predictive power of the moving average rule on spot oil prices. On the other hand, the statistical properties of these prices led us to apply arch/garch methodology. The empirical results show, among other things, the existence of mean and conditional variance "day of the week" effects. The second part of this thesis is concerned with the informational role of oil futures markets. We first describe the functioning of oil future markets. Then we test the informational role of the basis (difference between the spot and future prices). In the last chapter, an equilibrium model under rational expectations and asymmetric information is constructed to show that the equilibrium future price transfers informations. Empirical tests show that daily brent future prices doesn't contain interesting informations on the evolution of daily dated brent price. But contain useful information to predict the evolution of dated brent price volatility
Ducros, Mathieu. "Approches intégrées de construction et d’analyse des modèles de systèmes pétroliers : apports pour l’exploration pétrolière." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066740.
Full textNumerical tools for petroleum system modeling and forward stratigraphic modeling were designed to account for complex processes responsible for hydrocarbon accumulations in petroleum reservoirs. These processes, which extended to new mechanisms and gained details with increasing understanding, involve several geoscience disciplines making difficult the building of models consistent with both data and knowledge. The work performed during this Ph.D. aims at making basin modeling more accessible to geoscientists first by making easier the integration of geological concepts and available data during the process of model building and then by improving quality of forecasts and of risk quantification through sensitivity and risk analysis on maps. In a first section, two methods designed for better and easier estimation of the thermal history and of the distribution of marine organic matter in sedimentary basins are presented. They are based on a similar procedure which uses local data and regional knowledge to assess these two key aspects of petroleum system exploration. An optimization loop is initially performed on input parameters to fit on local data before extrapolating the results to basin scale under the constraint of the regional geological information. Both approaches were patented (Ducros, 2012; Ducros et Chauveau, 2015). The basin of Berkine in Algeria, for which an important set of thermal data is available, was used as an application case study for the method designed for estimating thermal history. The Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, known for its production of unconventionals, was used for illustrating the estimation of the distribution of organic matter. The second part of the work is dedicated to a new methodology for sensitivity and risk analysis on maps. It is built on a proxy-model of the simulator behavior in the uncertain space to save time during the sampling phase required for providing statistical results. It also uses a principal component analysis to reduce the space dimension when dealing with maps. The approach is illustrated on two case studies: one using a forward stratigraphic model for assessing the position of petroleum reservoirs and one on a petroleum system modeling tool for assessing the maturity of a source-rock in the Levant Basin. These new tools strengthen the integration of data coming from different disciplines to produce more consistent and robust results. They make easier the interpretation of risk analysis provided on a format compatible with classical methods of risk assessment in petroleum exploration such as CRS mapping. The results of this work emphasize the role of these tools for making the link between the different disciplines of geosciences to provide consistent and predictive results. They also give access to powerful risk mapping that can be part of a more general framework, called Common Risk Segment Mapping, used for risks assessment in petroleum exploration
Yackow, Angeles. "Influence des transitions d’ordre sur les propriétés thermodynamiques des fluides pétroliers." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1413.
Full textThe current trends of research in petroleum thermodynamics want to replace PVT measurements by predictions made with the help of special thermodynamic models. However, these models cannot always be directly applied : their model parameters need to be adjust fluid by fluid. This phenomena cannot be explained without taking into account the hydrocarbon matrix physics. The purpose of this project is to study the hydrocarbon matrix physics and their order transitions or the changes in the molecular organisation within the hydrocarbon phase. These transitions might be responsible for different phenomena such as atypical critical point links, different MMP (Minimal Miscibility Pressure) for similar fluids or supercritical segregations. Moreover, the hydrocarbon structure changes might also influence the swelling ratios and the sedimentation of hydrocarbon solids. These order transitions do not occur in simple systems (a system with few known constituents), that is why this work was done with a real petroleum fluid database
Arbod, Guillaume. "La croissance économique des pays pétroliers." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOE004.
Full textThe literature tries to apprehend the weakness of the economic growth of oil countries by the assumption of ousted growth factors. In the Dutch Disease models the non-oil exporting sector would be ousted whereas in the analyses in terms of economic policies it would be the effective economic policies. We consider the phenomenon through the growth theories, the oil incomes being regarded as an additional exogenous income for the economy. In this manner the growth dynamic of oil countries, even the most unfavourable, can be modelled without utilizing any concept of economic inefficiency. The last part of our work is devoted to the Saudi economy. After having developed a macroeconometric model, and using scenarios of oil prices, we lead a forecasted analysis of this economy
Glénat, Philippe. "Démétallisation biologique de résidus pétroliers lourds." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10052.
Full textBully, Madeleine. "Chromatographie à contre-courant et produits pétroliers." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10265.
Full textCarrier, Bruno. "Modélisation des coupes lourdes des fluides pétroliers." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30009.
Full textMorales, Gutierrez Petra. "Contrôle des coûts des grands projets pétroliers." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA011000.
Full textYagoubi, Mohammed. "Exploration quantitative des stratégies de développement dans les pays pétroliers à déficit de capitaux, à l'aide d'un modèle économétrique : application au cas de l'Algérie." Paris 9, 1989. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1989PA090016.
Full textFedi, Laurent. "Le cadre juridique de l'exploitation des terminaux pétroliers." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32078.
Full textDesprez, Alain. "Caractérisation moléculaire et élémentaire des produits pétroliers lourds." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3052.
Full textThe crude oils available for the refining industry are heavier and heavier and more concentrated in metals and heteroelements. It is thus of great importance to study the speciation of these species within the petroleum products and their behavior during the refining processes. To answer that problematic, elemental and molecular characterization techniques have been used, mainly High Resolution ICP MS and FT ICR MS for the elemental and molecular characterization respectively. The analytical techniques quoted are used for the analysis of several petroleum products sometimes originating from refining processes and the information obtained at the elemental and molecular level are combined to improve our understanding of the mechanisms occurring within our samples during refining activities
Perruchet, Denis. "Structures, performances et stratégies des groupes pétroliers internationaux." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOE020.
Full textInternational oil companies are among most important actors of petroleum markets. Industrial firms of big size, the oil companies operate in number of activities and through many countries. Across important changes and more and more uncertainly, the oil companies adapt themselves by transforming their strategies. Main structives of international oil companies are described, by an analysis of firms size, grographic diversity, vertical integration, diversification of activities and internal organization. Morvover, links between structures and performances are studied. Industrial and commercial performances show that technological superiority is fundamental. Besides, strong economical and financial performances go with dynamic management. Finally, a typology of 56 main international oil companies is built. The evolution from 1980 to 1990 show transformation of competitive positions. However, strategies employed appear relatively stables, given risk minimization goal and research of flexibility. Therefore, competitive analysis is more and more appealing
Foundoux, Miakanda Joe Pépin. "Les contrats pétroliers : Associations et marchés à terme." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010331.
Full textSaint-Antonin, Valérie. "Modélisation de l'offre de produits pétroliers en Europe." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOE013.
Full textOver the last few years, trends in European oil product consumption (in terms of level, structure and quality) has important implications of the European refining industry. In this context, the purpose of this thesis consists in building a mathematical programming model applied to the European refineries in order to determine oil product supply prices, European refining industry investments and oil product exchanges of the European Union. The first part presents the reasons for our choice for a long-term aggregate multi-refineries linear programming model, based on European refineries characteristics and our objectives. Its dual properties are studied in detail and we focus particularly on the European exchange modelling. In the second part, an analysis of the European refining trends leads us to identify parameters and variables of the model that are essential to the aggregate representation of the European oil product supply (definition of aggregated oil refining areas and crude oil supply structures and of a typical European refinery) and demand (selection of representative oil products and their quality constraints). The third part is devoted to the use of this model, regarding two scenarios of increasingly stringent specifications for gasoline and diesel oil, and to the building of a regression model, that can provide an overall picture of the European refining industry. For this, we build a regression model that summarizes the main relations between the endogeneous and exogeneous variables of our LP model. Based on pseudo-data, this model provides in fact a simple and robust representation of the oil product supply (subject to some improvements). But a more specialized analysis of the refining industry operations, turning on a technical assessment of processing units, is reliant on the use of an optimisation model such as the model we have built
Solimando, Roland. "Equations d'état susceptibles de représenter les fluides pétroliers." Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX30045.
Full textFargues, Jean-Pierre. "Modélisation dynamique des risers pétroliers en grands déplacements." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0411.
Full textAl-Kharsan, Saeed. "Contribution à l'étude de l'hydrocokéfaction des produits pétroliers." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30017.
Full textFadili, Ali. "Écoulements diphasiques en réservoirs pétroliers hétérogènes : homogénéisation stochastique." Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT017H.
Full textLalanne, Florence. "Bitumes pétroliers modifiés polymères comme nouveaux liants routiers." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10553.
Full textJansen, Tim. "Hydroconversion des résidus pétroliers par des catalyseurs dispersés." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10214.
Full textWith the depletion of light petroleum crude oils and the demand in fossil energies still growing, the exploration of heavy oils and the refining of petroleum residues becomes a necessity. However, the nature of these feedstocks presents numerous difficulties for the existing refining processes. As a consequence, the petroleum industry is currently developing new processes for the deep conversion of these residues to more valuable fuels. The utilization of dispersed catalysts is a promising new strategy for minimizing these difficulties. The aim of this work was to study several aspects of the scale-up of a hydroconversion process of petroleum residues with dispersed catalysts. The first part of this work is dedicated to the generation of experimental data for the conversion of a residue in a continuous micro-pilot unit by varying the operating conditions. Afterwards, a model of the unit was developed by coupling the chemical kinetics determined in a previous batch reactor study with the physical characterization (hydrodynamics and mass transfer) of the continuous micro-pilot unit. The model was validated by comparing its predictions with the experimental data. Minimization of catalyst consummation and the increasing product yields are vital in the development of an industrial process. Recycling the non-converted fraction as well as the catalyst is is a strategy to achieve these two objectives. The second part was thus dedicated to the study of the recycling mode, which was carried out in a semi-continuous reactor. The product characterization of catalyst recycling experiments was accompanied with the characterization of the active phase to evaluate the performance of an aging catalyst. Additionally, the evolution of the reactivity of the recycled product was studied. The results obtained allow us to evaluate the feasibility of the recycling mode
Abdoulaye-Sabre, Fadoul. "Les mécanismes de gestion des revenus pétroliers au Tchad." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05D015.
Full textEkulu, Ndiakama Gédéon. "Étude des phénomènes d'agrégation moléculaire dans les bruts pétroliers." Metz, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2005/Ekulu_Ndiakama.Gedeon.SMZ0507.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this study was to propose methods of characterization of the crude oils, making it possible to evaluating the risks of asphaltenes flocculation. With this view, we have used four experimental techniques: densimetry, inverse gas chromatography, dynamic light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry allowing to assess necessary thermodynamic and structural properties of crude oils. The firts two techniques brought a thermodynamic characterization of the crude oils, while following ones made it possible to characterize the structures of the crude oils and the aggregates asphaltenic. We have proposed a new method to determine asphaltenes flocculation onset based on the changes of the crude oils density implied by the flocculation process. Inverse chromatography allowed to determine the Hildebrand solubility parameter of crude oil and asphaltenes and to obtain the chemical characterization of them in terms of LSER paramters. Calorimetry and light scattering results gave valuable insight into variation of the colloidal structure of the crude oil with temperature and composition changes
Rakotomalala, Ny Fanja. "Analyse de l'évolution du transport maritime de produits pétroliers." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOE019.
Full textThe world shipping industry is facing a time of decision in the tanker sector and the stakes are much higher than they have been for a long time. A massive tanker-replacement program is inevitable and the main challenge involves handling oil transportation efficiently, with the necessary safety at acceptable prices. The purpose of this is to set a tool which explore the major factors that play an important role in explaining demand and supply of product tankers. It is a detailed examination of parameters for evaluating investment and strategies. An optimisation method is used to estimate product movements. We use an aggregated econometric model to estimate the available fleet. We assume that ship owners maximise profits under conditions of perfect competition. Freight rates are then obtained using the interaction of transport supply and demand. This model produce forecasts of spot rates and ship up to 1994, 1995, 1996
Bonilla-Salinas, Mónica del Pilar. "Etudes microbiologiques d'eaux de gisements pétroliers du Queensland (Australie)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX11035.
Full textRincon, Nancy. "Traitement anaérobie des eaux de production des champs pétroliers." Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0032.
Full textThe anaerobic biodegradability of water separated from extracted crude oil-light, medium or heavy, both individually or mixed together - was studied in 3 types of reactor (batch, SBR, UASB). Water separated from extracted light crude showed good biodegradability whereas that of water separated out from other crudes or mixtures was poor. The poor levels of biodegradability recorded were attributable to the composition of the separated water and not to any toxic effect on the anaerobic sludges. To obtain optimal results with water separated from extracted light crude, and in the operating conditions prevailing here, the maximum loading rate should be less than 2. 5 kg COD/m3. D and the hydraulic retention time above 10 hours. Below 10 hours, excessive acidification and methanogenesis occur. The twinning of ozonization and methanisation did not result in improved biodegradability for water showing low methanisation potential. A rapidly calculated sizing for a UASB rector was carried out, based an a concrete example (storage zone of ULE), and compared to an aerobic treatment system : the aim here was to enable the PDVSA (Venezuelan Petroleum company) to carry out an economic study of both solutions
Herbette, Gaëtan. "Mise au point d'un dosage immunoenzymatique de polluants pétroliers." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30006.
Full textGasoline pollutions require a constant quantitative follow-up of ground and underground water. Usually, gasolines are characterized by the presence of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX). Besides the conventional dosage methods, we developped an immunoassay method. Widely recognized, this method applied to the environment has the advantage to be fast and of low cost for numerous analysis and easily applicable in number in the field. Among the BTEX, xylene isomers were selected like immunological target. Regarded as haptens, xylenes must be coupled via a spacer arm with an immunologic protein, in order to induce a specific immune response. Immunogens are prepared from methyl and dimethylphenol homologues. ELISA assays by indirect competition made it possible to observe significant differences for the responses between the sera. .
Touzet, Mathieu. "Caractérisation analytique et thermodynamique de fluides de gisements pétroliers." Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU3008.
Full textThe study of characterization of hydrocarbon fluids is an important stage in oil engineering. Nevertheless, the complexity of their composition as well as the conditions of pressure and temperature in which the samples are, make delicate their analysis. The classic protocols in GC, forcing to work at low pressure, engender phase separations which have to be analyzed independently before proceeding to a recombination of the results. A study of this process revealed a peak of uncertainties for intermediate compounds. The conception and the development of a very high-pressure sampling prototype allowed avoiding these phase separations thanks to a sampling limitation of 1000 bars. The results obtained on various types of fluids are convincing, with a reduction of uncertainties and a saving of time in the protocol. In parallel, two methods aiming to predict critical properties of pseudo-compounds were compared. It’s about the classical mixing rules and a group contribution method. If it turns out that deviations remain small for the studied cuttings, rather large deviations are observed for compounds with different values of properties
Hanin, Sylvie. "Thermoréduction des sulfates dans les réservoirs pétroliers : approche moléculaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13079.
Full textLe, Lannic Katell. "Désulfuration profonde de résidus pétroliers : élaboration d'un modèle cinétique." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSL0384.
Full textDanial-Fortain, Pierre. "Étude de la réactivité des résidus pétroliers en hydroconversion." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14081/document.
Full textNowadays, more and more petroleum residues have to be converted into lighter fractions due to a decline in conventional crude oil production and to an increasing demand for motor fuels. Ebullated bed hydroconversion process converts heavyfeed stocks at elevated temperature (>400°C) and high hydrogen partial pressure (>100bar), with a bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst. Thermal cracking is the driving component for conversion and involves radicals formation. Nevertheless, detailed reaction mechanisms and feedstock reactivity are still not well established due to the detailed composition complexity of feeds. The objective of this thesis is to study conversion mechanisms of petroleum residues in these conditions. A detailed analytical characterization of several vacuum residues (Athabasca, Oural and Duri)was conducted initially and the reactivity of these feeds was then tested in a batch reactor specifically developed for the purpose of the study. Reactivity tests were also conducted on Athabasca residue fractions, characterized by different SARA distributions (Saturates, Aromatics,Resins and Asphaltenes). It was demonstrated that hydroconversion mechanisms are mostly thermal and can be inhibited by hydrogenation activity of the catalyst. Differences of reactivitywere observed for the different feeds tested and conversion level in function of severity depends on the nature of the feeds. At a same conversion level, product yields are similar whatever the feed considered. This suggests that residues could be composed of similar elementary units. It was also demonstrated that residue hydroconversion reaction can be adequately represented by an apparent second order kinetics. However, residue reactivity differences cannot a priori be explained based on SARA composition differences. Finally, the conclusions of the present work enable to consider a significant reduction of the number of experiments required in order to predict yield structures resulting from hydroconversion of aresidue
Gotteland, Delphine. "Procédé d’hydroconversion par catalyse dispersée des résidus lourds pétroliers." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10198.
Full textAl-Majali, Ahmad. "L'arbitrage et les contrats pétroliers dans le monde arabe." Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020069.
Full textSince the start of petroleum concessions, companies and their country of adherence have played a major role in the completion of oil contracts and they have profited by having the authority to impose their wishes. These contracts were being established on unequal legal reports and more often aimed at companies departing from unwillingly signed agreements. Sometimes even the law of national sovereignty was put into dispute. This was the main cause of disagreement. That is why the country producing the petroleum discarded the previous contracts and set up new ones. These new contracts have detailed rules about the procedure of arbitration, such as the principle of the autonomy of arbitration clauses which forbids the country to refuse the ruling even if this contract is void. Indeed, as the juridical nature of the contract varies according to the internal dispositions of each country, the jurists wondered what was the juridical nature of the petroleum contract. In fact, determining this nature helps us to determine the law applicable to the dispute. That is why the foreign companies wish to internationalise the petroleum contracts and choose the transnational law, which includes Lex Mercatoria and general principles of law, to be the applicable law. In fact, this internationalisation would prevent all the political and juridical modifications which could happen in the producing country and affect the dispositions of the contract, because the companies think the exploration of petroleum would take a long time. This delay would create risks and necessitate investment, and therefore constitute the essential cause of disputation. When the arbitration tribunal resolves this disputation in favour of the companies. Nevertheless, these companies face another problem, when the country refuses to implement the arbitration. This question was resolved by the international arbitration convention which rules oblige the member country to make the arbitral award without claiming the jurisdiction's immunity
Mouvondo, Epiphane. "La logistique de l'aval pétrolier dans les pays de la CEMAC : révélateur et facteur de disparités socio-spatiales d'accès aux produits pétroliers." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2014/document.
Full textThe Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CE MAC) in the Central African subregion has a very significant potential of oil resources. Those resources are central to the global geopolitics as well as the regional economic development issues. Although the economy of the six oil-producing states of the CEMAC is based on oil exploitation, the recurring shortages of petroleum products in those countries cause problems in accessing modern energies (gas, butane and fuel). But beyond those shortages, short-term fluctuations, the socio-spatial disparities in access to petroleum products are the focus of this PhD thesis. This situation which seems paradoxical at first sight for countries endowed with an energy potential though, is a real obstacle to development in particular in the transport and industry sector. The difficulties to access modern energies constrain households in particular those in rural areas, to use the biomass in a traditional way (firewood and animal waste) at the expense of the environment preservation or even at the expense of their health. This thesis aims therefore to diagnose the factors which hinder the universal access (on social and spatial level) to petroleum products and its consequences on the environment. Furthermore, the strategies developed by the actors are also highlighted. We propose some ideas to improve the supply and distribution system of petroleum products in the CEMAC countries
Boulif, Mohamed-Naji. "L'influence des prix des produits pétroliers sur les prix des pétroles bruts." Paris 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA020094.
Full textThe study of petroleum prices require a perfect knowledge of petroleum market and, especially, of refining chain. The development of refining structure was the consequence of the petroleum market transformation (increasing light-products demand). This was pushed us to look for a new interpretation of petroleum prices fluctuations. There is no one prices theory but several. To study the influence of downstream on upstream, our method of analysis proved that the crude prices were influenced, essentially, by the prices of three products : gasoil, fuel-oil and the regular gasoline. The yield of different refineries is not interesting in explaining the crude prices. The spotback price was widely significant, but at different degrees according to the selected refinery. The light crudes behaviour was almost identical on the six refining places. The nature of spot market forced the agent who take part to have spontaneous reaction in the intention of a quick adaptation within a fluctuacted market (maximum lag of two months)
Maurer, Alain. "Modélisation du secteur transformation du pétrole : interactions de prix." Dijon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992DIJOE004.
Full textIn the heart of the perpetual moving energy matters, prices play a major role in both short and long term adjustments. Oil price is the leading energy price. As crude material, it participates to petroleum price formation, which themselves affect crude oil price through local valorization constraints. Our research aims to isolate, from the great changes in the energy picture during the last 20 years, the remaining trends in the relationship between crude oil and petroleum price to final consumer. Prices interactions between oil and gas are then studied in the same way. A general survey of concepts and methods to deal with joint products is considered first as multiproduction appeard to be an essential feature of hydrocarbons both at production and transformation level. The appraisal of the main compounds of petroleum and gas product prices and the comparison of their shares in the final price is the second step of the study. Price relationship finally selected shared a simple form and appeared to be relatively satisfactory. Estimation of parameters has required normal econometrical methods. Results are reflecting in a large extend market differences
Kanti, Mohammed. "Viscosité de mélanges d'alcanes et d'alkylbenzènes en fonction de la pression et de la température : Application aux coupes pétrolières." Pau, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PAUU3001.
Full textALLALI, NABIL. "Les sulfures de niobium massiques et supportes en catalyse d'hydrotraitement, proprietes catalytiques et caracterisation." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT2026.
Full textSwistek, Michel. "Caractérisation et valorisation de résidus hydrocarbones lourds charbonniers et pétroliers." Metz, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1992/Swistek.Michel.SMZ929.pdf.
Full textThe characterization of high hydrocarbons residues from coal and petroleum industries and the determination of the relations between chemical composition and thermal behaviour are very important to improve the different process of valorisation and to open new ways of industrial uses of these residues like raw materials of product with high value added as carbon fibers or graphite. That lead us to value and developpe adapted analysis methods as extrography and adsorption chromatography and to study fondamental mecanisms intervening during fractionations. In this work, we have shown the utility of the extrography to determine the origins of the studied products. We have also precised some relations between physico chemical properties and thermal behaviour. We have thus proposed a general methodology allowing to value a method of fractionnation by its selectivity and its utility. The thermal behaviour of high residues has been studied by thermogravimetric analysis and pyro oxydant analysis. By making the synthesis of the whole previous results, we have developped a general methodology allowing to approach systematically the problem of the valorisation of high residues : "the global approach". This method has been successfully applied on four petroleum residues and allowed us to foresee the use of a petroleum residue on condition of treatments of thermal maturation (to improve its aromaticity) as mesogenic product
Auffret, Marc. "Nouveaux outils pour l'évaluation de la biodégradabilité des composés pétroliers." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2017.
Full textThe presence in the environment of petroleum compounds (gasoline, diesel oil and their additives) is a great concern due to their toxicity and/or persistence. REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) is a new European regulation concerning chemicals used or produced by industry. It’s purpose is to evaluate chemicals for these two criteria. In particular, the persistence in the environment of chemicals can be estimated by measuring their biodegradability, which is currently carried out via standardized physiological tests. Nevertheless, such physiological tests are not appropriate in several cases, for example when it comes to estimating the biodegradability of mixtures of chemicals such as those in petroleum products. In this case, molecular tools, including DNA microarrays, may provide useful answers to this problem. The objective of this research was to develop a method for producing DNA microarrays to evaluate the biodegradation potential of petroleum hydrocarbons or some oil and diesel additives. In this regard, we evaluated the degradation capacities of various environmental samples (activated sludge, soil from a polluted gas station, pristine forest soil) towards several compounds of gasoline and diesel oil. A bacterial consortium (Mix 3) was enriched from these different environmental samples on a mixture of 16 compounds. It had the capacity to degrade 15 compounds in the mixture (n-alcanes, BTEXs, naphtalene, MTBE, ETBE, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, 2-EHN) and we studied its phylogenetic diversity by DGGE. Fifteen different microorganisms were isolated from Mix 3 and some of them had interesting degradation capacities towards the 16 compounds. More specifically, Rhodococcus wratislaviensis degraded 11 of the compounds and Rhodococcus aetherivorans degraded ETBE and MTBE. For these 2 strains, we studied the synergistic and inhibitory effects when the compounds were provided as mixtures. The ethB gene encoding a cytochrome P450 involved in ETBE biodegradation was identified in R. Aetherivorans and its role towards ETBE was demonstrated by RT-PCR. The method for producing a DNA microarray was based on the cDNA synthethized from the mRNA induced in R. Aetherivorans during its growth on ETBE. This microarray enabled us to show the specific induction of ethB, thus proving the potential of the developed methodology. Following this validation step, other microarrays based on the genes induced in R. Wratislaviensis or R. Aetherivorans were constructed and we demonstrated the induction of new genes in cases where the biodegradation pathways as well as the catabolic genes involved had not been previously characterized: the prmA gene (propane monooxygenase) expressed during hexadecane degradation, a cytochrome P450 expressed during toluene degradation and IpbD (2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4- dienoate hydrolase) expressed during cyclohexane degradation. The prototype microarray that was developed to assess bacterial gene expression in natural environments over space and time will provide a valuable tool for characterizing the pollutant potential degradation capacity of indigenous microflora
Daka, Aomar. "Les mécanismes pétroliers, les pétrodollars et le système monétaire international." Orléans, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ORLE0504.
Full textThe price of petroleum is an ongoing stake conditional upon the power relationships among three protagonists : the producing countries, for whom the returns from petroleum exports are the principal sources of revenue ; the consuming countries, for whom cheap petroleum is an essential element for their prosperity ; the dealer companies, who aim to maximise their profit margins. The impact of 1973-74 and on 1979-80 generated considerable surpluses for the exporting countries. This contributed to the expansion of the assets market via the recycling of the petrodollars, which restablised the balance of payments deficits of the importing countries. But worldwide inflation developed and the international monetary system was destabilised. With the drop in prices, due to the competition, the opec began to show a deficit. The counter-impact of 1986 helped disinflation and the resumption of growth in the industrialised nations, but this accelerated the indebtedness of the poorest exporting countries. The avoidance of a third impact around the time of the gulf crisis and the continuing instability encourated us to envisage a new world wide petroleum order and a reform of the international monetary system
Wei, Guo-Ping. "Hydroconversion thermique des produits pétroliers lourds : réactivité de l'asphalte safaniya." Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX30064.
Full textHermitte, Thierry. "Maillage adaptatif en espace dans les simulations de gisements pétroliers." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX11064.
Full textBalaven-Clermidy, Sophie. "Génération de maillages hybrides pour la simulation de réservoirs pétroliers." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1027.
Full textRouquette, Nicolas. "Contrôles géochimiques de l'acidité des huiles dans les réservoirs pétroliers." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13222.
Full textWithin the framework of this thesis, we were interested in the study of acid oil. Thus, after having developed an analytical method to separate acids from crude oils, this one was applied to the analysis of several series of acid oils presenting various degrees of biodegradation. In the first chapter devoted to their molecular study, it was shown that the alteration of the organic matter proceeds according to a quasi-stewise order and that the major part of the carboxylic acids appeared as an Unresolved Complex Mixture. The only identified resolved compounds were apparently not formed by biodegradation of the oil in place but rather seem either to have been incorporated during oil migration, or to correspond to compounds initially present in the reservoir rock. Among those, we isolated and identified by NMR a new higher plant triterpenic derivative, the 24-nor, 28-lupanoïc acid. In the second chapter, a new method to evaluate acidity, applicable to small quantities of oil, was developed. This one is based on the methylation of the acid species by iodomethane marked with carbon 13. In the case of a series from the Gulf of Guinea tested initially, the enrichment after labelling presents a perfect correlation with the values of acidity measured by the TAN method (for “Total Acid Number”). The isotopic labelling method was applied later to a broader range of oil samples. As a whole, a linear correlation seems to exist between 13C labelling and TAN index, which lets consider that this method could represent an interesting alternative to the measurement of the TAN index in oil exploration
Mercier-Suissa, Catherine. "L'industrie pétrolière soviétique en crise : conséquences de la baisse des prix du pétrole sur les échanges extérieurs de l'U.R.S.S." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010015.
Full textAt the end of the 80's, the soviet oil industry faces up to a crisis. This industry coped with two majors problems: a continuous deterioration of the available reserves and an increase in exploration and development costs. Investment costs reised due to geological, climatic and techno-logical constraints. The transportation network has to face to an important lack of performant and suited technologies, and also to an insufficient equipment replacement. Moreover, financial constraints slow down the modernization of the soviet refinery system. Nevertheless, this programm is a must, according to the point that the current petroleum products supply doesn't fit the domestic demand. Besides, the decrease of oil price, worthened by the depreciation of the dollar, leads to the collapse of soviet oil receipts. Thus, soviet authorities carries out a few adjustment measures: focus the oil exports on the OECD countries to the detriment of comecon countries; increase of gas sales, gold sales and getting into debt. Other measures which shall have long term effects (reduction of oil consumption, modernization of the industry, "opening" of the soviet union onto the world economy, splitting of the comecon) are already planned but will be difficult to be implemented. Furthmore, the oil price turnabout on the world
Da, Costa Soares Jean-Jérôme. "Compréhension moléculaire et prédiction des propriétés physicochimiques dans les produits pétroliers." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1310/document.
Full textThe rapid decline in light crude oils requires to convert heavy petroleum fractions into more valuable products (naphtha, diesel, lubricants, etc.). In this context, hydrocracking process (HCK) consists on upgrading vaccum gas oil (VGO) into high quality products. The quality of petroleum products is based on some chemical and physical properties that should fulfill prerequisite specifications. The hydrocracking process optimization requires to set up time consuming and costly experiments for developing catalysts and setting operating conditions. High throughput experimentation (HTE) units are then increasingly used at IFPEN. However, these units do not enable to obtain end products. Otherwise, predictive models were developed in order to understand and predict the impact of operating conditions about products quality. However, some complex properties are very difficult to model and require a better understanding. This work is mainly concerned with the understanding of diesel cloud point (CP) and viscosity index (VI) of base oils. Two analytical techniques were used: the two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) that enables to identify hydrocarbons compounds in petroleum products and the 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy which provides structural characteristics of these compounds. A sparse multivariate regression (sparse Partial Least Squares) was performed using chromatographic and spectroscopic data. The sparse PLS is derived from classical PLS. It allows to reduce the number of factors by performing a variable selection. The selected factors are the most correlated to the property to model. Globally, this approach enabled to better understand how hydrocarbon compounds (nparaffins, isoparaffins, aromatics,…) and their molecular characteristics (carbon number, degree of branching,…) affect the diesel CP and the VI of base oil. Furthermore, the good performances of developed sparse PLS models show that it is possible to access to the products quality when using HTE units. Kriging models were also developed. Kriging is an interpolation method that predicts the value of a function at a given point by computing a weighted average of the known values of the function in the neighborhood of the point. Kriging models have local aspect which is well adapted to complex data. Its probabilistic approach enables to provide an estimate of predicted value uncertainty. Results show that kriging improves predictive performances for both diesel CP and VI of base oil. This approach is quite innovative in modelling of petroleum products properties. When using HTE units, it allows to estimate the VI of base oil more easily than from chromatographic or spectroscopic data which are not available for the refiners
Agofack, Nicolaine. "Comportement des ciments pétroliers au jeune âge et intégrité des puits." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1040.
Full textWhen drilling oil & gas well, cement slurry is pumped between the casing and the rock formation. This cement slurry sets at different conditions of temperature and pressure. The role of this cement sheath is to provide zonal isolation of different fluid along the well, to protect the casing against corrosion and to provide mechanical support. During the life of the well, from drilling to completion, production and P&A (plug and abandonment), the cement sheath is submitted to various mechanical and thermal loading that can potentially damage its properties and alter its performance. The behavior of cement paste submitted to theses solicitations depends both on the hydration condition and the loadings previously applied on the cement paste. The prediction of cement sheath behavior should be done by numerical modeling, which needs a constitutive law for cement paste. The purpose of the present work is to establish a constitutive law of cement paste during its hydration at early age (first 144 hours). The approach is based on combined calorimetric, wave velocities and oedometric tests on an oil-well class G cement paste with water-to-cement ratio equals 0.44. The hydration conditions explored are 7 to 30°C for temperature and 0.3 to 45MPa for pressure. The experimental results showed that the volumetric strain due to cement hydration (macroscopic shrinkage) depends considerably on the hydration pressure. At 144 hours of hydration, the macroscopic shrinkage increases with the hydration pressure increase. But, the residual strain due to application of mechanical cycle at this age is less for cement hydrated under higher pressure. The experimental results revealed that during the hydration there is a critical time after which, the application of mechanical loading can potentially induce residual strain in cement paste. This time is reached at constant hydration degree between 0.18 and 0.20. The Boundary Nucleation and Growth model was used to model the pressure and temperature dependence of this critical time. A coupled elasto-plastic chemo-poro-mechanical model is developed to simulate the macroscopic shrinkage of cement paste hydrated at different conditions of temperature and pressure. A modified Cam-Clay type yield surface with associate flow rule is used. The hardening law depends both on the degree of hydration and on the plastic volumetric strain. At constant degree of hydration, the developed model permits to simulate the stress – strain behavior of cement paste due to the mechanical loading
Cadren, Muriel. "Modélisation à court terme des consommations de produits pétroliers en France." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOE007.
Full textThe analysis of petroleum product demand became a privileged thrust of research following the modifications in terms of structure and level of the petroleum markets since eighties. The greatest importance to econometrics models of energy demand, joint works about nonstationary data, explained the development of error-correction models and the cointegration. In this context, the short term econometric modelling of petroleum product demand doesn't only focus on forecasts but also on the measure of the gain acquired from using error- correction techniques and cointegration. It's fitting to take the influence of technical improvement and environment pressures into account in econometric modelling of petroleum products demand. The first part presents the evolution of energy demand in France and more particularly the petroleum product demand since 1986. The objective is to determine the main characteristics of each product, which will help us to analyse and validate the econometrics models. The second part focus on the recent developments in times series modelling. We study the problem of nonstationary data and expose different unit root tests. We examine the main approaches to univariate and multivariate modelling with nonstationary data and distinguish the forecasts of the latter's. The third part is intended to applications. Its objective is to illustrate the theoretic developments of the second part with a comparison between the performances of different approaches (approach box and Jenkins, Johansen approach's and structural approach). The models will be applied to the main French petroleum market. The observed asymmetrical demand behaviour is also considered