Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Petrologia'
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Amaral, Paulo Giovany Quadros do [UNESP]. "Caracterização radiométrica e de exalação de Radônio em rochas ornamentais silicáticas beneficiadas no Estado do Espírito Santo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92886.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
O trabalho realizou avaliações relativas ao comportamento radiométrico e de exalação do gás radônio em rochas ornamentais e de revestimento exploradas nos estados brasileiros de Minas Gerais e Espírito Santo. Sabendo que as rochas apresentam em sua constituição determinados teores de elementos radioativos tais como 87Rb, 40K, 238U, 235U e 232Th, sendo os três últimos a gerar em suas séries por decaimento o Rn e, apesar da baixa concentração natural do mesmo nos diversos ambientes e de sua curta meia vida de 3,8 dias, adquire importância pelo fato de seu decaimento gerar os elementos metálicos 218Po, 214Pb, 214Bi e 214Po que podem se fixarem nos pulmões causando patologias importantes nas vias respiratórias, especificamente na indução de metástases. Devido à importância de conhecer as concentrações do gás radônio nos ambientes de convívio humano foram escolhidas 10 rochas silicáticas de variedade geológica e de destaque comercial beneficiadas por empresas de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim – ES, compreendendo rochas magmáticas dadas por diorito, sienito, charnockito, monzogranito e três pegmatitos graníticos e por três rochas metamórficas. O estudo, envolvendo os dados radiométricos de U, Th, K e de monitoramento de exalação do gás 222Rn, revela uma boa correlação entre os parâmetros petrográficos e índices físicos das rochas. Os teores de U variaram de 2,9 ppm a 37 ppm e Th de 0,3 ppm a 84 ppm, mostrando que as concentrações destes radionuclídeos característicos para cada tipo de rocha, revelam a perfeita coerência entre a presença ou ausência de minerais acessórios detentores de elementos radioativos. A quantidade de exalação de radônio fornecida pelas rochas está diretamente relacionada aos aspectos petrográficos de cada material, principalmente ao grau e tipos de...
This work carried out assessments on the radiometric behavior and exhalation of radon gas in dimensional and surfacing stones exploited in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais (MG) and Espírito Santo (ES). The rocks usually contain different levels of the radionuclides 87Rb, 40K, 238U, 235U and 232Th, the last three forming radioactive decay series, where different Rn isotopes occur. Despite its low natural activity concentration in the environment, 222Rn (half life = 3.8 days) is an important radioactive noble gas because can generate the heavy metals 218Po, 214Pb, 214Bi and 214Po which can settle in the lungs, causing major diseases in the respiratory tract, including the induction of metastasis. Ten silicate rocks of variable composition and commercial use have been selected for evaluating the radon presence in human environments. They have been benefited by companies in Cachoeiro de Itapemirim (ES) and include magmatic (diorite, syenite, charnockite, monzogranite, granitic pegmatite) and metamorphic rocks. The study involved the acquisition of U, Th and K radiometric data, as well the monitoring of the 222Rn gas exhalation, coupled with petrographic and physical rock indices. The U and Th content range was 2.9-37 and 0.3-84 ppm, respectively, where the radioelements content was consistent with the presence or absence of accessory minerals hosting them. The amount of radon emanated from the rocks was directly related to the petrography of each material, especially the degree and types of microcracks and the contacts between minerals that are determinants of the rocks microporous net, thus, leading to a greater or lesser permeability, which in turn controls the exhalation. The comparison of the 222 Rn generated by the rock with the amount effectively exhaled indicated that the exhalation rate is negligible... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Janasi, Valdecir de Assis. "Geologia e petrologia do maciço monzodiorítico-monzonítico de Piracaia-SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 1986. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44135/tde-26092012-145409/.
Full textThe Piracaia massif, located in the NE part of the State of São Paulo, crops out over 32 km2. Rock types cover a wide compositional range (diorites to alkali-feldspar quartz syenites and related granites), similar to the \"alkaline\" granitoid tendency of Lameyre & Bowden (1982), but monzodiorites and monzonites are by far predominant. Most rocks show, at least in part, tectonic foliation and metamorphic recrystallization. The massif was emplaced in the area of contact between the Socorro orthogneisses and migmatized supracrustal units of the Piracaia Metamorphic Complex. Locally, late granitoid veins intruded the massif with, but the contact and structural relations of the massif with nearby anatectic granites are unknown. Foliation within the massif is attributed to the regional \'F IND.n+2\' phase of deformation. Monzodiorites and monzonites, which comprise the central part of the massif, were intruded along their borders by late differentiated facies, apparently under forceful conditions. The intrusion sequence proceeded from more mafic to more felsic rock types. The principal primary minerals observed in preserved igneous textures are plagioclase, alkali feldspar, biotite and augite; Fe-hypersthene is found in some monzonites, and quartz in late differentiates. Main accessory minerals are apatite, magnetite and ilmenite. Crystallization usually began with plagioclase and biotite, followed by augite and alkali feldspar, this last mineral usually observed as an interstitial phase. Resorption of plagioclase was probably important in many monzonites and monzodiorites, alkali feldspar occasionally being seen as mantles around this mineral. The presence of augite and biotite in these rocks is a result of high K activity in the magmas, coupled with a relatively low H2O content. The chemical tendency, towards an increased Fe/ (Fe + Mg) ratio with differentiation in both minerals, is compatible with crystallization under diminishing fH2O and fO2. Syenitic ocellar and styctolithic \"segregation\" structures, in part later than the development of a foliation, occur pervasively in many monzodiorites and monzonites. Larger felsic veins are also found, in part later than the earliest segregations. The earliest rock types (diorites to leuco-monzonites) show petrographic and chemical relations compatible with derivation by crystal fractionation, possibly controlled by crystal extraction from a predominantly liquid mush. Late rock types, such as small segregations and larger masses of felsic differentiates, may represent residual liquids extracted from largely crystalline mushes. Thus, normal differentiation processes are possibly responsible for the generation of both early (predominant) rocks as well as late, more felsic varieties. On the other hand, an hypothesis of partial melting of and already crystallized intermediate rock mass (early monzodiorites and monzonites), coupled with segregation, is at least compatible with the distribution pattern of some trace elements in the late felsic facies. Crystallization processes are nevertheless favoured, since the compositions of minerals in segregations are very similar to those found in early rock types, and the temperature requirements for melting of intermediate, relatively dry protoliths seem to be unreasonably high. Petrogenetic hypotheses were tested using subtraction and trace-element diagrams. The separation of early-crystallizing minerals (plagioclase, biotite and augite) could reproduce differentiation paths like those shown by the Piracaia rocks. Up to 50% plagioclase would have to be fractionated in the early stages, and even more later; biotite and, to a lesser extent, augite, would have to be separated in significant amounts to account for major and trace element trends. Initial metamorphism within the massif is considered \"syn-plutonic\", related to the beginning of segregation; primary felsic and mafic minerals recrystallized in response to diminishing (but still high) temperatures and an increase in fH2O. Later metamorphism at diminishing temperatures generated hornblende (mainly from pyroxenes), and this, in turn, is replaced by lower-grade assemblages, mainly greenish biotite and epidote. Up to 15% of the massif shows both low-grade mineralogy and tectonic gneissic foliation; H2O influx, which favoured both deformation and recrystallization, was probably most significant along the marginal parts of the massif. A Rb-Sr whole-rock reference isochrone of 582 ± 13 Ma was obtained for the metamorphosed late facies. This value is interpreted as a metamorphic homogenization age, more or less contemporaneous with the \'F IND.n+2\' regional phase of deformation.
Amaral, Paulo Giovany Quadros do. "Caracterização radiométrica e de exalação de Radônio em rochas ornamentais silicáticas beneficiadas no Estado do Espírito Santo /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92886.
Full textCoorientador: Daniel Marcos Bonotto
Banca: Antonio Carlos Artur
Banca: Fabiano Cabañas Navarro
Resumo: O trabalho realizou avaliações relativas ao comportamento radiométrico e de exalação do gás radônio em rochas ornamentais e de revestimento exploradas nos estados brasileiros de Minas Gerais e Espírito Santo. Sabendo que as rochas apresentam em sua constituição determinados teores de elementos radioativos tais como 87Rb, 40K, 238U, 235U e 232Th, sendo os três últimos a gerar em suas séries por decaimento o Rn e, apesar da baixa concentração natural do mesmo nos diversos ambientes e de sua curta meia vida de 3,8 dias, adquire importância pelo fato de seu decaimento gerar os elementos metálicos 218Po, 214Pb, 214Bi e 214Po que podem se fixarem nos pulmões causando patologias importantes nas vias respiratórias, especificamente na indução de metástases. Devido à importância de conhecer as concentrações do gás radônio nos ambientes de convívio humano foram escolhidas 10 rochas silicáticas de variedade geológica e de destaque comercial beneficiadas por empresas de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim - ES, compreendendo rochas magmáticas dadas por diorito, sienito, charnockito, monzogranito e três pegmatitos graníticos e por três rochas metamórficas. O estudo, envolvendo os dados radiométricos de U, Th, K e de monitoramento de exalação do gás 222Rn, revela uma boa correlação entre os parâmetros petrográficos e índices físicos das rochas. Os teores de U variaram de 2,9 ppm a 37 ppm e Th de 0,3 ppm a 84 ppm, mostrando que as concentrações destes radionuclídeos característicos para cada tipo de rocha, revelam a perfeita coerência entre a presença ou ausência de minerais acessórios detentores de elementos radioativos. A quantidade de exalação de radônio fornecida pelas rochas está diretamente relacionada aos aspectos petrográficos de cada material, principalmente ao grau e tipos de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This work carried out assessments on the radiometric behavior and exhalation of radon gas in dimensional and surfacing stones exploited in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais (MG) and Espírito Santo (ES). The rocks usually contain different levels of the radionuclides 87Rb, 40K, 238U, 235U and 232Th, the last three forming radioactive decay series, where different Rn isotopes occur. Despite its low natural activity concentration in the environment, 222Rn (half life = 3.8 days) is an important radioactive noble gas because can generate the heavy metals 218Po, 214Pb, 214Bi and 214Po which can settle in the lungs, causing major diseases in the respiratory tract, including the induction of metastasis. Ten silicate rocks of variable composition and commercial use have been selected for evaluating the radon presence in human environments. They have been benefited by companies in Cachoeiro de Itapemirim (ES) and include magmatic (diorite, syenite, charnockite, monzogranite, granitic pegmatite) and metamorphic rocks. The study involved the acquisition of U, Th and K radiometric data, as well the monitoring of the 222Rn gas exhalation, coupled with petrographic and physical rock indices. The U and Th content range was 2.9-37 and 0.3-84 ppm, respectively, where the radioelements content was consistent with the presence or absence of accessory minerals hosting them. The amount of radon emanated from the rocks was directly related to the petrography of each material, especially the degree and types of microcracks and the contacts between minerals that are determinants of the rocks microporous net, thus, leading to a greater or lesser permeability, which in turn controls the exhalation. The comparison of the 222 Rn generated by the rock with the amount effectively exhaled indicated that the exhalation rate is negligible... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Silva, Jesué Antonio da. "Caracterização geológica e tecnológica de unidades gnáissicas e graníticas do sudoeste de Mato Grosso para fins de exploração como rochas ornamentais e para revestimento /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103001.
Full textAbstract: The study of potentiality and qualification as a dimension stone and covering of granites and oriented rocks occurring in the south of the Mato Grosso State, Brazil, using geological, petrographical, technological and alterability characterization aims to increase the offer of new varieties of dimension stones in the state. It also aims to propitiate the economic transformation of this mineral resource adding new esthetic varieties in according to technological patterns and adequate identifying and typology. The research also contributes to the implantation and development of this productive chain to the social and economical development of the state. In the studied areas located at the south region of the Mato Grosso State fourteen rock types for dimension stones are recognized. They include granites, gabbros, gneisses and amphibolites grouped by the colors in red, grey and black types and showing economic potential of plowing. The results obtained in the technological essay show that the rock parameters are sited within the standard limits established by technical rules and obey satisfactorily the limit values fixed for granites in internal and external covering uses
Orientador: Antonio Misson Godoy
Coorientador: Amarildo Salinas Ruiz
Banca: Antônio Carlos Artur
Banca: Marcos Aurélio Faria de Oliveira
Banca: Antonio João Paes de Barros
Banca: Antenor Paraguassú
Doutor
Lima, Filipe Goulart. "Morro do Níquel : fragmento de manto exumado na Faixa Brasília Meridional /." Rio Claro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151669.
Full textCoorientador: Gergely Andres Julio Szabó
Banca: Norberto Morales
Banca: Guillermo Rafael Beltran Navarro
Banca: Tiago da Rocha Karniol
Banca: Larissa Marques Barbosa de Araújo
Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta os resultados dos estudos petrogenéticos detalhados realizados nos serpentinitos que constituem do Morro do Níquel, maciço ultrabásico mineralizado em níquel laterítico, situado na Faixa Brasília Meridional, ao norte da Zona de Sutura de Alterosa, localizado no Município de Pratápolis (MG), sul/sudoeste do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os serpentinitos possuem cor verde escuro a preto, aspecto maciço e é constituído por mais de 95% de lizardita/crisotilo, com ocorrências localizadas de antigorita. O padrão estrutural do maciço é compatível com aqueles gerados pela deformação de em um corpo rígido em matriz dúctil dentro de zona de cisalhamento. Os dados mineralógicos, petrográficos e geoquímicos, em associação com os de campo e de descrição de testemunho de sondagem rotativa, apontam que o protólito destas rochas seria um corpo dunítico de granulação média a grossa e textura granular, suas dimensões seriam superiores a 800 x 400 metros e com mais de 350 metros de espessura. Os dados obtidos indicam que o dunito é mantélico e possibilitou propor um modelo evolutivo desde a exumação do manto até a colocação sobre embasamento TTG e serpentinização. A exumação se inicia com o adelgaçamento da crosta continental durante a instalação de um sistema rifte, que teria evoluído ao ponto de atingir a "super extensão" da crosta e o desenvolvimento de uma crosta oceânica. Com o fechamento do oceano decorrente de colisão continental, no neoproterozóico, o corpo dunítico foi alojado sobre o embasamento cristalino, na margem passiva da placa que contém o Cráton São Francisco. A serpentinização do dunito ocorreu tardi-pós aloctonia, catalisada pela atuação do Cinturão de Cisalhamento do Campo do Meio, em condições de fácies visto verde, fácies prehnita-pumpelyíta, ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This work presents results from detailed petrogenetic studies performed on the Morro do Níquel (Nickel Hill) serpentinites, an ultrabasic massif mineralized in lateritic nickel, located in the Southern Brasília Belt, north of the Alterosa Suture Zone, Municipality of Pratápolis (MG), southwest of the State of Minas Gerais-Brazil. The serpentinite has a dark color, apparently massive aspect and consist of more than 95% lizardite / chrysotile, with localized occurrences of antigorite. The structural pattern of the massif is compatible with those generated by the shear of a rigid body in a ductile matrix within a shear zone. The mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical data, in association with the field and drill hole logs description, indicate that the protolith of these rocks would be a dunitic body of medium to large granulation and granular texture, with dimensions superior to 800 x 400 meters and with more than 350 meters of thickness. The obtained data indicate that the dunite is mantellic and it was possible to propose an evolutionary model from the exhumation of the mantle dunitc body to the emplacement on the TTG basement and serpentinization. The exhumation begins with the thinning of the continental crust during the installation of a rift system, evolving to allow the hyper-extension of the crust until the development of an oceanic crust. With the continental collision, in the Neoproterozoic, the dunite was hosted on the crystalline basement, in the passive margin of the plate that contains the San Francisco Craton. The dunite serpentinization occurred late-post aloctonia, catalyzed by the Campo do Meio Shear Belt, under conditions of green facies, prehnite-pumpelyite facies, with low fugacity of oxygen and sulfur and high H2 (aq.) activity
Doutor
Torró, i. Abat Lisard. "The shift from subduction-initiation to true subduction in intra-oceanic systems: tectonic, magmatic and metallogenic evolution of Early Cretaceous arc-related units of Central and Oriental cordilleras in the Dominican Republic." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401648.
Full textLas formaciones Maimón y Los Ranchos en las Cordilleras Central y Oriental, República Dominicana, Isla la Española, son representativas de la serie toleítica más primitiva en las Grandes Antillas del Caribe. Más allá de su importancia para el estudio de la evolución magmática temprana del arco-isla caribeño, estas formaciones son también reconocidas por alojar el depósito VMS de Cerro de Maimón y el depósito epitermal de clase mundial de Pueblo Viejo, ambos en producción en la actualidad, así como de una serie de depósitos y mineralizaciones de menor tamaño. Por consiguiente, el estudio integrado de las series volcánicas encajantes, de las alteraciones hidrotermales y de las mineralizaciones de sulfuros desde un punto de vista petrográfico, geoquímico y geocronológico representa una excelente oportunidad para entender la evolución metalogenética durante la evolución temprana de sistemas subductivos en contextos intraoceánicos. En esta Tesis, nuevos datos de geoquímica de roca total (elementos mayores y traza e isótopos radiogénicos), estudios petrográficos de detalle del encajante, de las alteraciones hidrotermales y de las mineralizaciones de sulfuros, y datos sobre su geocronología por medio de edades U-Pb en zircón y Re-Os en molibdenita, son presentados y discutidos. De muro a techo, los basaltos de la Formación Maimón (metamorfizadas en facies transicionales de esquistos verdes-esquistos azules) y de la sección basal de la Formación Los Ranchos progresan desde basaltos toleíticos empobrecidos en Ti y LREE a boninitas y a basaltos toleíticos empobrecidos en Ti normales. La sección superior de la Formación Los Ranchos, además, aloja andesitas basálticas, dioritas, monzodioritas y andesitas con afinidades toleíticas transicionales a calcoalcalinas y calcoalcalinas. Estas variaciones a lo largo de la secuencia estratigráfica equivalen a las documentadas en basaltos de arco en ofiolitas de inicio de subducción. La extrusión de las rocas volcánicas de la Formación Maimón es contextualizada en el ante-arco, cerca de la zona de subducción de la dorsal proto- caribeña y en un escenario de subducción caliente. En cambio, las rocas ígneas de Los Ranchos se emplazaron en la zona de ante-arco y axial de arco, y las litofacies observadas en sus depósitos volcánicos y volcanosedimentarios indican la progresión desde una depositación en contextos submarinos a una en contextos sub-aéreos. Los batolitos plagiotonalíticos, los stocks plagioriolíticos y las plagioriolitas de ambas formaciones presentan afinidades toleíticas y signaturas tipo M. Las mineralizaciones VMS alojadas en la Formación Maimón y en la secuencia basal de Los Ranchos se formaron durante un régimen de inicio de subducción. En cambio, las mineralizaciones tipo pórfido Cu(Mo) – epitermales de alta sulfuración encajados en la secuencia superior de Los Ranchos se formaron aprox. a 112 Ma, previsiblemente conectadas genéticamente a intrusivos ácidos, durante un régimen de subducción verdadera.
Xu, Jingyao. "Optimization of the use of diamond indicator minerals in diamond exploration in kimberlites." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668786.
Full textPazeto, Abiliane de Andrade [UNESP]. "Correlação entre propriedades petrográficas e comportamento tecnológico e de alterabilidade das rochas ornamentais silicáticas Diamante Negro (BA), Ocre Itabira e Banco Galaxy (ES)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92883.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi estabelecer a correlação entre as propriedades petrográficas e o comportamento tecnológico e de alterabilidade de três materiais utilizados como rochas ornamentais e para revestimento. Os tipos petrográficos correspondem a um microgabro (Diamante Negro), um hornblenda sienito pórfiro com quartzo (Ocre Itabira) e um granito pegmatóide com granada e sillimanita (Branco Galaxy), sendo o primeiro proveniente do estado da Bahia e os dois últimos do estado do Espírito Santo. Os materiais foram caracterizados petrograficamente e submetidos a uma bateria de ensaios físico-mecânicos e de alteração acelerada que compreenderam determinações de índices físicos, desgaste abrasivo Amsler, compressão uniaxial simples, resistência à flexão 3 e 4 pontos, impacto de corpo duro, velocidade de propagação de ondas ultrassônicas longitudinais, coeficiente de dilatação térmica linear e resistência ao ataque químico sob efeito de compostos agressivos e em câmaras saturadas em atmosfera salina e dióxido de enxofre (SO2). Os resultados demonstram que o comportamento tecnológico das rochas está intrinsecamente relacionado aos aspectos mineralógicos, estruturais e texturais inerentes a cada tipo petrográfico. O Diamante Negro é o material detentor dos maiores índices físico-mecânicos, uma vez que suas características petrográficas são marcadas por granulação fina, bom entrelaçamento mineral, e baixo grau de microfissuramento. Quanto à alteração acelerada, no entanto, apresentou variações cromáticas consideráveis, dado seu elevado teor de minerais máficos. O tipo comercial Ocre Itabira também apresentou boas propriedades tecnológicas, com valores inferiores ao Diamante Negro devido principalmente à sua granulação...
The objective of this research was correlating petrographical properties to the technological and alterability behavior of three materials used as ornamental and building stones. The samples correspond to a microgabbro (Diamante Negro), a hornblende porphiral syenite with quartz and (Ocre Itabira) a pegmatoid granite with garnet and sillimanite (Branco Galaxy), being the first sample originating from the Bahia state and the last one from Espírito Santo state. The materials were petrographically analyzed and submitted to physical mechanics tests and chemical alterability including measurements of physical indexes, abrasion resistance, compressive strength, modulus of rupture, flexural strength, impact strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, linear thermal expansion coefficient and resistance to the chemical attack accomplished by aggressive compositions and chambers which simulate both sea-salt and sulphur dioxide weathering. The results reveal the influence of minerals, textural and structural features over the studied stones behavior during the performed tests. Diamante Negro is the material which showed the highest physical-mechanics properties, once their petrographical parameters correspond to fine grain size, good mineral interlacement, and low microcrack degree. However, relating to the chemical alterability it showed considerable chromatic deterioration, given its high content of mafic minerals. The commercial type Ocre Itabira also presented good technological properties, with inferior values than Diamante Negro due to its large grain size granulation and high degree of relative microcracking. The brownish coloration of potash feldspars porphyries present in its mineralogical composition turned the effects caused by the chemical reagents less evident. In general, Branco Galaxy presented the smallest values of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Silva, Jesué Antonio da [UNESP]. "Caracterização geológica e tecnológica de unidades gnáissicas e graníticas do sudoeste de Mato Grosso para fins de exploração como rochas ornamentais e para revestimento." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103001.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Os estudos geológicos, petrográficos, geoquímicos e tecnológicos (físicosmecânicos) e de alterabilidade de exposições de extensas áreas de rochas cristalinas no sudoeste do Estado do Mato Grosso, com objetivo da qualificação como rocha ornamental e de revestimento, possibilitou a oferta de novas variedades estéticas de rochas que apresentem a adequada identificação, tipificação e padronização das características tecnológicas. Visa-se ampliar a oferta deste bem mineral no estado, atualmente um dos menores produtores do pais, contribuindo assim para a implantação e desenvolvimento desta cadeia produtiva de transformação e no desenvolvimento sócio-econômico do Estado. As áreas propostas para o estudo localizam-se na região sudoeste do estado, que detém um dos maiores tratos geológicos relativamente conhecidos, além da sua posição geográfica favorecida pela malha viária, sendo descritos 10 tipos entre granitos, diabásios, gnaisses e anfibolitos agrupados nas cores vermelha, cinza e preta e que demonstram possibilidade econômica de lavra. Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios tecnológicos das variedades mostram que os parâmetros analisados situam-se dentro dos limites padrões estabelecidos pelas normas e obedecem satisfatoriamente os valores limítrofes fixados para granitos utilizados em revestimento em ambientes interiores e exteriores.
The study of potentiality and qualification as a dimension stone and covering of granites and oriented rocks occurring in the south of the Mato Grosso State, Brazil, using geological, petrographical, technological and alterability characterization aims to increase the offer of new varieties of dimension stones in the state. It also aims to propitiate the economic transformation of this mineral resource adding new esthetic varieties in according to technological patterns and adequate identifying and typology. The research also contributes to the implantation and development of this productive chain to the social and economical development of the state. In the studied areas located at the south region of the Mato Grosso State fourteen rock types for dimension stones are recognized. They include granites, gabbros, gneisses and amphibolites grouped by the colors in red, grey and black types and showing economic potential of plowing. The results obtained in the technological essay show that the rock parameters are sited within the standard limits established by technical rules and obey satisfactorily the limit values fixed for granites in internal and external covering uses
Lima, Maria Angélica Batista. "Estudo do comportamento dos gnaisses Casablanca, Juparaná Delicato e Giallo Falésia (Ceará - Brasil) em atmosfera salina /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102989.
Full textAbstract: In this research, aggressive atmosphere conditions (marine atmosphere) were simulated using three commercial rock types (Casablanca, Delicato and Falésia). The gneisses were located in two different saline mist weathering chambers that operating in continuous and cyclical tests process type. The technological tests for control and analyses allowed the understanding and interpretation of the observed weathering processes after respective time of exposition of the stone. The choice of technological properties was guided by the influence and/or dependence degree of weathering processes with the saline chamber dimensions (influence on size and number of samples). The continuous test method have used a chamber Model Bass USC with the temperature kept in (35±2)°C, the air pressure compressed in 70 KPa and the saline solution (5% of NaCl) with pH values between 6.5 and 7.2. In that test, the gneisses were represented by 73 (seventy three) samples in the chambers that had been removed at the end of 360, 720 and 1080 hours of exposition hours to the control technological tests, in order to monitoring alterations occurred during the respective exposition. The cyclical test have used chamber Model BASS MP-GS- 01/2004. For this test, the samples passed by 30 cycles alternated with saline mist for 6 hours and 12 hours of drying for each concluded cycle. The temperature was kept in (40±5) °C, the air pressure compressed in 70 KPa and the saline solution (10% of NaCl) with pH between 6.5 and 7.2. In that test the gneisses were represented by 18 (eighteen) 5 cm cubic samples in the chambers. These samples had been removed after completing 15 cycles, for visual inspection and photographic register. After 30 cycles, the samples have been weighed in analytical scale and evaluated alterations during the respective exposition period. The two chosen ways (continuous and cyclic accelerated tests) allow... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Antonio Carlos Artur
Coorientador: José de Araújo Nogueira Neto
Banca: Antônio Gilberto Costa
Banca: Francisco Wilson Hollanda Vidal
Banca: Tamar Bortolozzo Galembeck
Banca: Maria Heloísa Barros de Oliveira Frascá
Doutor
Leme, Thaís Guitzlaf. "Geotermobarometria das rochas do Grupo Araxá e do Complexo Guaxupé na região de Guaxupé - Nova Resende, MG /." Rio Claro, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180465.
Full textBanca: Antenor Zanardo
Banca: Filipe Gourlat Lima
Resumo: A área de estudo situa-se no sul da Faixa Brasília Meridional, no sudoeste do estado de Minas Gerais e compreende uma faixa entre os municípios de Guaxupé, Monte Belo, Nova Resende e São Pedro da União, no contato entre as unidades que compõem o Complexo Guaxupé e litotipos atribuídos ao Grupo Araxá. Esta região situa-se em uma zona de blocos crustais amalgamados durante a orogênese brasiliana no Neoproterozoico e marca o limite entre terrenos granulíticos (Complexo Guaxupé) e litotipos adjacentes envolvidos no processo colisional e pós colisional (Grupo Araxá). Este contato é delimitado pela Zona de Cisalhamento Varginha, que representa uma quebra nas condições metamórficas entre as unidades. Neste trabalho são apresentados dados petrográficos, de química mineral e geotermobarométricos (média P-T calculada pelo software THERMOCALC, software RCLC e geotermômetros Zr-em-rutilo e Ti-em-quartzo) com o objetivo de investigar e determinar as condições de pressão e temperatura dos litotipos que ocorrem no contato entre o Complexo Guaxupé e o Grupo Araxá nessa região. Na área de estudo, o Complexo Guaxupé é constituído principalmente por rochas ortoderivadas de natureza básica a ácida, com predomínio de composições intermediárias, representadas por granulitos (ortopiroxênio gnaisses) félsicos a máficos, com intercalações de anfibólio e/ou biotita gnaisses (sem ortopiroxênio), além de intercalações de metassedimentos com sillimanita, granada, ortoclásio e rutilo. O Grupo Araxá é cons... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The study area is located at the south of Southwerst Brasília Belt, southeast of Minas Gerais, and it comprehends a strip among the cities of Guaxupé, Monte Belo, Nova Resende and São Pedro da União, in contact with unities that compose the Guaxupé Complex and lithotypes attributed to the Araxá Group. This region is in a zone with crustal blocks amalgamated during the Brazilian orogenesis in Neoproterozoic, and it determines the limit between granulitic terrains (Guaxupé Complex) and adjacent lithotypes involved in collisional and post-collisional processes (Araxá Group). The contact is delimitated by the Varginha Shear Zone, which represents a disruption of metamorphic conditions amid the unities. This paper presents petrographic, mineral chemistry and geothermobarometric data (average P-T calculated by the THERMOCALC software, software RCLC and geothermometers Zr-in-rutile and Ti-in-quartz) in order to investigate and determine the pressure and temperature conditions of the lithotypes that occur in the contact between the Guaxupé Complex and Araxá Group. In the study area, the Guaxupé Complex consists especially ortho-derivative rocks of basic to acidic nature, represented by felsic to mafic granulites (orthopyroxene gneisses), and amphibole and/or biotite gneisses intercalations (orthopyroxene free), as well as metasediments intercalations with sillimanite, garnet, orthoclase and rutile. The Araxá Group consists of pelitic to psamo-pelites metasediments with orthogneisses,... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Sarmento, Carla Cecília Treib. "Geologia e petrologia das rochas hipabissais associadas à província magmática Paraná-Etendeka e a sua correlação petrogenética com o vulcanismo da Calha de Torres no sul do Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/172172.
Full textThe study of the mafic subvolcanic intrusions from Paraná-Etendeka Igneous Province was performed in the extreme south of Brazil. These subvolcanic bodies are intrusive in the Torres, Vale do Sol and Palmas Formations, which belong to the Serra Geral Group, in the south hinge of the Torres Syncline and sedimentary rocks bordering the Paraná Basin. The preferred direction of the intrusive dikes in the sedimentary rocks (NE-SW) coincides with tectonic-magmatic that served as vents for dike swarms parallel to the Brazilian coast, with the same direction as the Namibia coast dike swarm. This suggests that these dikes were part of the triple junction system related to the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean. The preferred directions of the intrusive dikes in the lava flows (NE-SW) are similar to the directions of the Ponta Grossa and Rio Grande Arcs and the Torres Syncline. They may have been a part of, or been caused by one or more geotectonic cycles that originated these structures. Regarding the morphology, the dikes were separated into two different groups: symmetrical and asymmetrical. The rocks were divided into two types: Silica Supersaturated Tholeiite (SST) - dikes and sills consisting of plagioclase and clinopyroxene as essential minerals; and Silica Saturated Olivine Tholeiite (SSOT) - dikes consisting mainly of plagioclase, clinopyroxene and olivine. The major and trace element geochemistry allows classifying these hypabyssal bodies as basalts (SSOT), basaltic andesites and trachyandesites (SST) of tholeiitic affinity. The SSOT dikes show restricted isotopic ranges (87Sr/86Sri = 0.70570 to 0.70585; ɛNdi = -1.01 to -4.49; 206Pb/204Pb = 18.0306), with no equivalent LTi magma type in the Paraná Province, but are closer to the isotopic ratios of LTi magma types with MgO > 7w% such as Nil Desperandum in the Etendeka Province. The SST dikes show broader isotopic ranges (87Sr/86Sri = 0.70787 to 0.71336; ɛNdi = -2.51 to -8.65; 206Pb/204Pb = 18.578 to 19.049), similar to the Gramado magma type in the Paraná Province and also to the Tafelberg magma type in the African side. When the dikes are compared with the lava flows that are divided into lithofacies associations according to the behavior of the geochemical elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic ratios, it is observed that the dikes are part of a supply system of basic lava flows stratigraphically positioned above the host lavas. The variation of these isotopic ratios may have occurred due to the contamination at the moment of magma rise and extrusion. Based on the trace element modeling of the SSOT dikes with the lava flows of the south hinge of the Torres Syncline, the fractional crystallization process followed by crustal assimilation played an important role, from the magma rise through the conduits to the extrusion of the lavas. The behavior of the trace elements revealed that the assimilation of rocks with both Palaeoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic ages can be considered, but according to isotopic modeling, a greater contribution of the Neoproterozoic crust was verified.
Arena, Michele Correia. "Petrologia da sucessão magmática do Arquipélago de Abrolhos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=722.
Full textThe Magmatic Succession of Abrolhoss Archipelago is composed by four units: Olivine-Plagioclase Basalt (b1), Pyroxene-Plagioclase-Olivine Basalt (b2), Pyroxene-Plagioclase Basalt (b3) and Cumulado (b4). The units are not stratigraphically correlated. They are stacked from the basis to the top in units: b1, b2, b3 and b4. The units of the magmatic succession are different in terms of texture, structure and mineralogy. The litogeochemical analyses of twenty three samples of basaltic rocks discriminated a transitional series of alkaline affinity to the studied rocks. The values of Nb/Y ratios higher than unity of the studied rocks corroborate the alkaline affinity of the series. The rocks were classified as basalts, tracky-basalts, basanites and tephrites (units b3 and b4), basalts and tracky-basalts (units b1 and b2). The interpretation of variation diagrams to major and trace elements together with the trace elements ratios of the representative sample of the parental and the more evaluated liquids indicated fractional crystallization without changing of fractionated assemblage as the evolutionary process of the studied transitional series. The incongruity between the fractionated assemblage and porphyries assemblage (recognized by the petrography) in addition to the indicative features of crystal-liquid disequilibrium discard fractional crystallization as the evolutionary process in the generation of the basaltic rocks of Abrolhoss Archipelago. More complex evaluative models should be considered as, for example, a refueling model of crustal chambers with subsequent pulses of basaltic magmas. The La/Yb (N) ratio >1 and La/Nb (N) ratio <1 indicated that the mapped units of Abrolhoss Archipelago are associated to a fertile mantellic source (plume-like type).
Oliveira, Mirian Cruxen Barros de. "Petrologia do Maciço Granítico Mandira-SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 1989. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44135/tde-15092015-140721/.
Full textThe Mandira Massive is an alkali granitic body covering an area of approximately 50 km² in the Administrative Region of the \"vale do Ribeira\" in the southern of the São Paulo state. It shows clear intrusive realtions, despite its mapped lensoid shape whose longest axis the regional main structural direction. At N and NW the country rocks belong to the gneiss-migmatitic \"Complexo Costeiro\", transitional (to the west) to syntectonic or anatetic granites of Cantareira facies. At the NE end ectinites of the \"Complexo Turvo-Cajati\" occur. Three units are petrographically distinguished in the massive; 1) Acaraú (\'gama\'A), exposed in two stocks at the meridional part of the pluton, made up essentially of ferrohastingsite bearing mesoperthite granite; 2) Mandira (\'gama\'M) that constitutes the main volume of granite present in the Massive and is composed by riebeckite bearing mesoperthite granite: 3) Mandira 1 (yM1), occurring in four stocks scattered along the Massive border zone and showing a granite 3A composition. In the addition to the above cited units regions were detected wich were variously affected by tardi to post magmatic process; greisenization, albitization and k-feldspatization, sometimes associated to intensive hydrothermal action. Such regions prove to be enriched by Zn, Pb and Cu mineralizations. This research substantiates the present chemical, mineralogical and petrografical knowledge about the Mandira Massive and was carried out from studies on bore core and surface samples. It also presents a hypothesis aiming to explain the Massive petrogenetic evolution comprehending intrusion and emplacement of the several granitic units as well as the tardi to post magmatic alteration wich followed this process.
Pagotti, Mariana Savietto. "Análise petrográfica da Formação Marília no município de Quintana-SP /." Rio Claro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180218.
Full textBanca: Paulo Milton Barbosa Landim
Banca: Emilio Carlos Prandi
Resumo: O Sistema Aquífero Bauru estende-se por cerca de 40% do estado de São Paulo, sendo umas das principais fontes de exploração de água subterrânea do estado; abastece integralmente 32,5% de seus municípios, abrangendo a maior parte do Planalto Ocidental Paulista. Nesse sistema destaca-se o Aquífero Marília, dado tratar-se de aquífero raso cuja explotação é menos onerosa. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a caracterização petrográfica dos arenitos da Formação Marília no município de Quintana, São Paulo, a fim de identificar possíveis minerais portadores de bário em sua estrutura, uma vez que estudos realizados em águas do Sistema Aquífero Bauru identificaram a presença desse elemento acima dos limites de potabilidade estipulados pela CETESB. Para a caracterização petrográfica foram analisadas lâminas delgadas em microscópio óptico, por difratometria de raio-X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os arenitos são classificados como subarcóseos, de acordo com a classificação de Folk, sendo constituídos principalmente por quartzo e feldspato e, em menor quantidade, por fragmentos líticos e minerais acessórios. Os principais tipos de cimento observados são carbonatos, óxidos-hidróxidos de ferro e argilominerais. Por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura, identificou-se a presença de bário no cimento carbonático, o que suporta a ocorrência desse elemento nas águas do Aquífero Marília
Abstract: The Bauru Aquifer System covers approximately 40% of São Paulo State and it is one of the major sources of groundwater in the state, responsible for water supply to 32.5% of its municipalities, extending over most of the São Paulo Western Plateau. The present research focused on the petrographic characterization of Marília Formation sandstones, in the city of Quintana, São Paulo, in order to identify potential minerals containing barium in its structure, since previous studies of Bauru Aquifer System waters have reported the presence of barium exceeding the potability limit of CETESB. Petrographic analyses were executed using optical microscopy, Xray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The sandstones are classified as subarkose according to Folk classification and are mainly composed of quartz and feldspar; in minor amounts are composed of lithic fragments and accessory minerals. The main types of cement observed are carbonates, iron oxides and clays. Under scanning electron microscope it was identified the presence of barium in the carbonate cement, which support its occurrence in the waters of the Marília Aquifer
Mestre
Furtado, Sandra Maria de Arruda. "Petrologia do maciço alcalino de Anitápolis, SC." Universidade de São Paulo, 1989. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44135/tde-23062015-144628/.
Full textThe Anitapolis alkaline massif is Jurassic-Cretacic in age and intrudes granitoid rocks in the eastern parto f Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. The investigated area comprises a circular depression of 6km2, covered by weathered materials. Therefore, this study was made possible by means of drill hole samples. The rock of the massif include magnetite-biotite pyroxenites and apatite-pyroxene biotites in the central portion, surrounded by ijolites and nepheline syenites, which are in turn enveloped by melanocratic, mesocratic and leucocratic rocks, corresponding to high, medium and low degrees of fenitization. Apatite pyroxenites occur inside ijolites, nepheline syenite and fenites. Phoscorites and carbonatites cut the silicate rocks as veins and dykes. Carbonatites, younger than phoscorites, comprise sovitic, magnesian and late-stage calcite-bearing types. Phonolitic dykes cut the granitoid country rocks. Clinopyroxenes from the magnetite-biotite pyroxenites and phonolites determined by electron microprobe analysis included diopsides, salites and soda-salites, and aegirine-augites with variable sodium contents in the other lithologies. The bulk of the mineralogical data reveals little contribution of \'Fe POT.2+\' in the evolution of these minerals. Feldspars occur in most rock types, with very low An contents. Clear grains are \'Or IND.77-\' \'Or IND.90\' and turbid ones, with Or > 90, contain albite exsolution as drops or films. Nepheline composition give values of 700 to 775°C for phonolites and nepheline syenites, whereas temperatures of 500°C were obtained for ojolites and one biotite-rich nepheline syenite. Relationships were established between the great diversity of colours exhibit by micas - mostly biotites in silicate rocks and phlogopites in carbonatites and phoscorites - and TiO2, MgO and FeO contents. Special attention has been given to orange and red \'Fe POT.3+\' - rich varieties. Apatite is widespread and shows distinct compositions according to rock type, especially regarding Si and, subordinately, Sr contents. Amphiboles are late forming minerals and comprise Mg-arfvesdsonite, arfvedsonite, Fe-richterite in silicate rocks, and richterite in carbonatites and phoscorites. Chemical analyses of the silicate rocks show: high Fe2O3/FeO ratios; decrease of TiO2, Fe2O3 and FeO and increase of Al2O3 with increasing SiO2 contents; great dispersion for Na2O and K2O data. Phoscorites and apatite-pyroxene-biotite rock present the highest P2O5 contents. REE are 10 to 100 times higher than chondritic values, with low La/Yb ratios in silicate rocks; sovites and phoscorite show higher levels, with contents in the latest formed carbonatites. The emplacement of the massif is related to great NS fault lineaments, and probably results from the uplift of the host crustal block. High fO2 conditions influenced the magma crystallization, as deduced from the chemical composition of the minerals. A petrogenetic model based on subtraction diagrams suggests that a possible parental magma of nephelinite composition formed in a metasomatic, subjacent mantle with formation of amphiboles, micas and apatite. Immiscible fractions of this nephelinitic material would generate carbonatites, whereas residual liquids would evolve by fractional crystallization to phonolitic residues. Late metasomatizing sodium and/or potassium rich solutions would be responsable for crystallization and recrystallization phenomena which caused the great heterogeneity observed in some rock types.
Nenonen, M. (Mikko). "Mafisten ja ultramafisten vulkaniittien petrologia Kittilän alueella." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201803131352.
Full textFurtado, Sandra Maria de Arruda. "Petrologia de maciço alcalino de Anitapolis, SC." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1989. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/75575.
Full textCamargo, Jefferson Luiz [UNESP]. "Influência das propriedades petrográficas na qualidade do polimento de rochas ornamentais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92856.
Full textO polimento de rochas ornamentais em escala industrial é realizado em equipamentos denominados politrizes, podendo estes serem semi-automáticos ou automáticos. O polimento é realizado pelo atrito gerado no movimento rotacional de elementos abrasivos dispostos em cabeçotes, denominados satélites, sob pressão, contra a superfície da rocha. Em ambos os tipos de politrizes, a velocidade de rotação do satélite é invariável, o que implica em uma velocidade de corte constante. Devido à grande variedade de tipos litológicos que são utilizados para fins ornamentais, a possibilidade de se alterar a velocidade com que o rebolo abrasivo passa sobre a superfície da chapa de rocha pode permitir uma otimização deste processo. Com o propósito de demonstrar a importância da velocidade de corte para o processo, em oposição à idéia de que quanto maior for essa, melhor seria o brilho final das chapas, bem como confirmar a influência das variáveis petrográficas no processo de polimento, três rochas ornamentais brasileiras, conhecidas comercialmente como Verde Labrador, Cinza Castelo e Preto Indiano, foram submetidas a diferentes situações de desgaste, visando aperfeiçoar esta etapa levando em consideração as características intrínsecas dos materiais pétreos. Para esta pesquisa foram definidas 24 situações operacionais distintas, variando pressão de carregamento (1 e 2kgf/cm2), velocidade de rotação de satélite (300, 400, 500 e 600 rpm) e a de exposição do satélite sobre a rocha (1, 2 e 3). Para isso, foi instalado um inversor de frequência em uma politriz semi-automática que possibilitou a variação da velocidade de rotação de satélite para realização dos experimentos. Para conhecer os materiais pétreos foi realizada a caracterização petrográfica e tecnológica. Assim, foram realizados os testes de polimento, sendo cada rocha submetida...
The polishing of dimension stones at industrial scale is done in equipments called polishing machines, and they may be semi-automatic or automatic. Polishing is acquired by the friction generated by the rotational motion of the griding tools fixed on polishing heads under pressure against the stone surface. In both cases the rotation speed of the polishing head is invariable, which implies in a constant cutting speed. Because of the wide variety of lithologies that are used for ornamental purposes, the possibility of changing the speed the griding tools pass over the surface of the slab of stone could allow an optimization of this process. In order to define the importance of cutting speed and opposing the idea that the greater the velocity applied onto the slab, the better brightness is produced, and also to confirm the idea that petrographic variables are also important agents in the polishing process, three Brazilian dimension stones, known commercially as Verde Labrador, Cinza Castelo and Preto Indiano, were subjected to different wear situations, aiming the optimization of this step, taking into consideration the intrinsic characteristics of stone materials. For this research 24 distinct operational situations were defined, varying pressure (1 to 2kgf/cm²), rotational speed of the polishing head (300, 400, 500 and 600 rpm) and the exposure of the polishing head onto the slab of stone (1, 2, and 3). A frequency inverter was installed in a semi-automatic polishing machine which allowed the variation of the speed of the polishing head for these experiments. The stones were petrographically and technologically characterized. The polishing tests were conducted applying, to each kind of stone, 10 sequences of abrasive tools of magnesium type, namely 24, 36, 60, 120, 220, 400, 600, 800, 1200 and lustrum, totalizing 720 samples... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Bolonini, Thiago Motta [UNESP]. "Geologia e potencialidade do granito Vermelho Capão Bonito (Sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo) como rocha ornamental." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92882.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
O Maciço Granítico Capão Bonito localiza-se no sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo e está associado à evolução neoproterozóica da Província Mantiqueira Central. As suas rochas afloram junto à borda da Bacia do Paraná em um corpo com forma alongada cujo eixo maior apresenta direção geral NE-SW, perfazendo uma área aproximada de 110km2. Ocorre intrusivo em rochas epimetamórficas da Formação Votuverava, do Grupo Açungui e em rochas graníticas do Complexo Três Córregos e a sua colocação encontra-se relacionada a uma tectônica rúptil das zonas de cisalhamento de direção NE-SW. O contato sul encontra-se delimitado pela Falha do Bairro dos Alves que compõe a Zona de Cisalhamento Quarenta Oitava e por contatos normais com as rochas metassedimentares. Os contatos oeste e noroeste ocorrem com rochas graníticas do Complexo Três Córregos a partir da Falha de Capão Bonito ou Zona de Cisalhamento Itapirapuã, além de apresentar contato também com as rochas metassedimentares da Formação Votuverava. Nos metassedimentos, quando preservados das feições deformacionais impostas pela deformação milonítica, preservam-se texturas e mineralogias do metamorfismo de contato com desenvolvimento de minerais na fácies albita-epidoto e hornblenda hornfels. A região central e norte do maciço caracterizam-se por uma área arrasada constituindo um planalto entre os fortes da serrania com poucos afloramentos na forma de matacões expostos. Os contatos sul e extremo NW do corpo apresentam-se mais íngremes e encontram-se mais dissecados e erodidos, apresentando inúmeras exposições das litologias do maciço com riqueza de matacões e lajedos expostos ou com coberturas de solo menos espessas, contribuindo, portanto, para o direcionamento das frentes de lavra. No contato norte do maciço...
The Capão Bonito Granitic Massif is located in the southwestern of São Paulo state and is related to the evolution neoprotherozoic of the Mantiqueira Central Province. Its rocks outcrop along the edge of the Paraná Basin in a body with elongated major axis shows the general direction of NE-SW, covering an area of approximately 110km2. Occurs intrusive on epi-metamorphic rocks of the Votuverava Formation, Açungui Group and granitic rocks of the Três Córregos Complex and their placement is related to a ruptile tectonics of shear zones in NE-SW direction. The south contact is limited by the failure of the Alves district comprising Quarenta Oitava shear zone and normal contacts with the metasedimentary rocks. The western and northwestern contacts occur, with granitic rocks of the Três Córregos Granitic Complex from the Capão Bonito failure or Itapirapuã shear zone, and also perform contact with the metasedimentary rocks of Votuverava Formation. In the metasediments, when preserved the features of deformation imposed by mylonitic deformation, to preserve texture and mineralogy of contact metamorphism with development of minerals in the albite-epidote facies and hornblende hornfels. The central region and north of the massif are characterized by a flattened area forming a plateau between the strong from the mountains with few outcrops in the form of boulders exposed. The south and the extreme NW contacts of the body have become more steep and are more dissected and eroded, presenting numerous exhibitions lithology with the massive wealth of exposed boulders and flagstones or less thick soil cover, contributing thus to the direction of the quarries. In the north contact of the massif rocks, are small pits or rock exposures associated mainly with the headwaters of drainages, because they have... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Pazeto, Abiliane de Andrade. "Correlação entre propriedades petrográficas e comportamento tecnológico e de alterabilidade das rochas ornamentais silicáticas Diamante Negro (BA), Ocre Itabira e Banco Galaxy (ES) /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92883.
Full textBanca: Tamar Milca Bortolozzo Galembeck
Banca: Fabiano Cabañas Navarro
Resumo: O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi estabelecer a correlação entre as propriedades petrográficas e o comportamento tecnológico e de alterabilidade de três materiais utilizados como rochas ornamentais e para revestimento. Os tipos petrográficos correspondem a um microgabro (Diamante Negro), um hornblenda sienito pórfiro com quartzo (Ocre Itabira) e um granito pegmatóide com granada e sillimanita (Branco Galaxy), sendo o primeiro proveniente do estado da Bahia e os dois últimos do estado do Espírito Santo. Os materiais foram caracterizados petrograficamente e submetidos a uma bateria de ensaios físico-mecânicos e de alteração acelerada que compreenderam determinações de índices físicos, desgaste abrasivo Amsler, compressão uniaxial simples, resistência à flexão 3 e 4 pontos, impacto de corpo duro, velocidade de propagação de ondas ultrassônicas longitudinais, coeficiente de dilatação térmica linear e resistência ao ataque químico sob efeito de compostos agressivos e em câmaras saturadas em atmosfera salina e dióxido de enxofre (SO2). Os resultados demonstram que o comportamento tecnológico das rochas está intrinsecamente relacionado aos aspectos mineralógicos, estruturais e texturais inerentes a cada tipo petrográfico. O Diamante Negro é o material detentor dos maiores índices físico-mecânicos, uma vez que suas características petrográficas são marcadas por granulação fina, bom entrelaçamento mineral, e baixo grau de microfissuramento. Quanto à alteração acelerada, no entanto, apresentou variações cromáticas consideráveis, dado seu elevado teor de minerais máficos. O tipo comercial Ocre Itabira também apresentou boas propriedades tecnológicas, com valores inferiores ao Diamante Negro devido principalmente à sua granulação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objective of this research was correlating petrographical properties to the technological and alterability behavior of three materials used as ornamental and building stones. The samples correspond to a microgabbro (Diamante Negro), a hornblende porphiral syenite with quartz and (Ocre Itabira) a pegmatoid granite with garnet and sillimanite (Branco Galaxy), being the first sample originating from the Bahia state and the last one from Espírito Santo state. The materials were petrographically analyzed and submitted to physical mechanics tests and chemical alterability including measurements of physical indexes, abrasion resistance, compressive strength, modulus of rupture, flexural strength, impact strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, linear thermal expansion coefficient and resistance to the chemical attack accomplished by aggressive compositions and chambers which simulate both sea-salt and sulphur dioxide weathering. The results reveal the influence of minerals, textural and structural features over the studied stones behavior during the performed tests. Diamante Negro is the material which showed the highest physical-mechanics properties, once their petrographical parameters correspond to fine grain size, good mineral interlacement, and low microcrack degree. However, relating to the chemical alterability it showed considerable chromatic deterioration, given its high content of mafic minerals. The commercial type Ocre Itabira also presented good technological properties, with inferior values than Diamante Negro due to its large grain size granulation and high degree of relative microcracking. The brownish coloration of potash feldspars porphyries present in its mineralogical composition turned the effects caused by the chemical reagents less evident. In general, Branco Galaxy presented the smallest values of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Camargo, Jefferson Luiz. "Influência das propriedades petrográficas na qualidade do polimento de rochas ornamentais /." Rio Claro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92856.
Full textCoorientador: Leonardo Luiz Lyrio da Silveira
Banca: Tamar Milca Bortolozzo Galembeck
Banca: Rogério Pinto Ribeiro
Resumo: O polimento de rochas ornamentais em escala industrial é realizado em equipamentos denominados politrizes, podendo estes serem semi-automáticos ou automáticos. O polimento é realizado pelo atrito gerado no movimento rotacional de elementos abrasivos dispostos em cabeçotes, denominados satélites, sob pressão, contra a superfície da rocha. Em ambos os tipos de politrizes, a velocidade de rotação do satélite é invariável, o que implica em uma velocidade de corte constante. Devido à grande variedade de tipos litológicos que são utilizados para fins ornamentais, a possibilidade de se alterar a velocidade com que o rebolo abrasivo passa sobre a superfície da chapa de rocha pode permitir uma otimização deste processo. Com o propósito de demonstrar a importância da velocidade de corte para o processo, em oposição à idéia de que quanto maior for essa, melhor seria o brilho final das chapas, bem como confirmar a influência das variáveis petrográficas no processo de polimento, três rochas ornamentais brasileiras, conhecidas comercialmente como Verde Labrador, Cinza Castelo e Preto Indiano, foram submetidas a diferentes situações de desgaste, visando aperfeiçoar esta etapa levando em consideração as características intrínsecas dos materiais pétreos. Para esta pesquisa foram definidas 24 situações operacionais distintas, variando pressão de carregamento (1 e 2kgf/cm2), velocidade de rotação de satélite (300, 400, 500 e 600 rpm) e a de exposição do satélite sobre a rocha (1, 2 e 3). Para isso, foi instalado um inversor de frequência em uma politriz semi-automática que possibilitou a variação da velocidade de rotação de satélite para realização dos experimentos. Para conhecer os materiais pétreos foi realizada a caracterização petrográfica e tecnológica. Assim, foram realizados os testes de polimento, sendo cada rocha submetida... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The polishing of dimension stones at industrial scale is done in equipments called polishing machines, and they may be semi-automatic or automatic. Polishing is acquired by the friction generated by the rotational motion of the griding tools fixed on polishing heads under pressure against the stone surface. In both cases the rotation speed of the polishing head is invariable, which implies in a constant cutting speed. Because of the wide variety of lithologies that are used for ornamental purposes, the possibility of changing the speed the griding tools pass over the surface of the slab of stone could allow an optimization of this process. In order to define the importance of cutting speed and opposing the idea that the greater the velocity applied onto the slab, the better brightness is produced, and also to confirm the idea that petrographic variables are also important agents in the polishing process, three Brazilian dimension stones, known commercially as Verde Labrador, Cinza Castelo and Preto Indiano, were subjected to different wear situations, aiming the optimization of this step, taking into consideration the intrinsic characteristics of stone materials. For this research 24 distinct operational situations were defined, varying pressure (1 to 2kgf/cm²), rotational speed of the polishing head (300, 400, 500 and 600 rpm) and the exposure of the polishing head onto the slab of stone (1, 2, and 3). A frequency inverter was installed in a semi-automatic polishing machine which allowed the variation of the speed of the polishing head for these experiments. The stones were petrographically and technologically characterized. The polishing tests were conducted applying, to each kind of stone, 10 sequences of abrasive tools of magnesium type, namely 24, 36, 60, 120, 220, 400, 600, 800, 1200 and lustrum, totalizing 720 samples... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Pires, Aloísio da Silva. "Caracterização e gênese das formações ferríferas do Complexo Lagoa do Alegre (Ba) com base em estudos geológicos, petrológicos e isotópicos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2016. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/22067.
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As formações ferríferas identificadas no extremo norte da Bahia, na Folha Lagoa do Alegre (SC-24-V-CV-I), ocorrem em forma de lentes e espessura que podem variar de 10 a 200m, podendo alcançar espessura maiores. São cinza avermelhadas a vermelha amarronzadas, tendo a magnetita como óxido principal, além quartzo, hematita e cummingtonita-grunerita. São rochas maciças a fraturadas, com bandamento milimétrico a decimétricos marcado por óxido/anfibólio de ferro, sílica e estão subdivididas em 5 tipos petrográficos, e em nenhuma das fácies ocorrem a presença de carbonato, ou sulfeto. Sofreram metamorfismo nas fácies xisto verde alto a anfibolito médio, com cummingtonita-grunerita como mineral índice, tendo hornblenda e tremolita como acessório corroborando com o posicionamento metamórfico. Quimicamente, as amostras foram separadas em dois grupos baseada na presença cummingtonita-grunerita, teor de ferro, sílica e magnésio: grupos Mg<1% e Mg>1%. Os valores de SiO2 no grupo Mg<1% varia entre 43,77 e 77,58% com média de 54,76%; Fe2O3 varia entre 19,55 e 52,94% e média de 42,52%, enquanto que grupo Mg>1%, o valor de SiO2 varia entre 49,85 e 56,25% com média de 52,42%; Fe2O3 varia entre 40,25 e 45,03% e média de 42,69%. Os elementos Al, Mg, Ca, Na, Ti e P, em ambos os grupos são muito semelhantes e, sobretudo, demostram haver ausência ou pouca contribuição de sedimentação terrígena. Os ETR, normalizados por Condrito e PAAS mostram que grupos Mg<1% e Mg>%1 são distintos, sendo que ambos os exibem enriquecimento em ETRL em relação ao ETRP, com o grupo Mg>1% mais enriquecidos do ETR que o grupo Mg<1%. Para o grupo Mg<1% apresenta baixas concentrações de ETR e valores positivos de Eu* indicando que a deposição pode ter ocorrido próximo a fontes de hidrotermal de alta temperatura. Por outro lado, o grupo Mg>1% há elevada concentração de ETR com anomalia negativa de Eu*, sendo associado as formações ferríferas em que o ferro e a sílica foram depositados em zonas distantes das fontes de fluido de alta temperara, com possível mistura de fluidos. Em ambos os grupos citados apresentam anomalia Ce/Ce* positiva a fracamente negativa, indicando condições de transição, ora oxidante ora anóxica. A evolução do εNd (2.5) mostram os valores: grupo Mg<1% entre -9,97 e 2,76 e para o grupo Mg>1% entre -9,78 e 1,58 e apresenta conjunnto com TDM de ~2,5Ga, sugestivo de uma idade máxima de sedimentação de 2,5Ga sobre uma bacia com substrato de idade SHRIMP 2979±14 Ma e 2853±23Ma. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The iron formation located in the northest of Bahia, in Lagoa do Alegre map (SC-24-V-CV-I), occur in the form of lenses or thick packages that vary from 10 to 200m and can achieve greater thicknesses. Are magnetic rocks, reddis gray to brownish red, consisting of magnetite, hematite and cummingtonite-grunerite, massive to fractured, with millimeter to decimeters bands marked by oxide/iron amphibole, silica and are subdivided into 5 petrographic types, and none of facies have carbonate or sulphide. These rocks were metamophosed in the greenschist facies high and medium amphibolite. Chemically, were separated into two groups based on the presence of grunerite-cummingtonite, content of iron, silica, and magnesium: groups Mg<01% and Mg>01%. The SiO2 average value in the group Mg<1% is 54.76%; Fe2O3 average of 42.52% while the Mg>1% group, the SiO2 value average of 52.42%; Fe2O3 value average of 42.69%. The elements Al, Mg, Ca, In, Ti and P, and the two groups are very similar and, in particular, demonstrate there is no or little contribution terrigenous sedimentation. REE normalized by Chondrite and PAAS show that groups Mg<1% and Mg >% 1 are distinct, both of which exhibit enrichment in LREE relative to HREE, and group Mg <1% more enriched REE the group Mg>1%. For the Mg <1% group has low concentrations of REE and positive values of Eu * indicating that deposition may have occurred close to sources of high temperature hydrothermal. Furthermore, Mg>1% group for high concentration of ETR to negative anomaly of Eu *, being associated with the BIF wherein iron and silica were deposited on areas far from sources of high spice fluid with possible mixing fluids. In both groups have cited anomaly Ce/Ce* positive to slightly negative, indicating transition conditions, sometimes oxidizer moment anoxic. The evolution of εNd (2.5) show the values: Mg<1% group ranged between -9.97 and 2.76 and Mg>1% the group between -9.78 and 1.58. Despite the dispersion of the data sample, there is a set with TDM ~ 2.5 Ga, suggesting a maximum age 2.5 Ga sedimentation over a basin aged substrate SHRIMP 2979±14Ma and 2853±23Ma.
Nayem, Saleh Lehbib. "Estudio Geológico y Metalogenético del Basamento Precámbrico del Sahara Occidental." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402471.
Full textTwo main geological units are distinguished in Western Sahara: a Phanerozoic sedimentary cover and a cryst a lline basement o f Paleoarchean to Paleoproterozoic age. This basement is a part of the Reguibat ridge, in the Western Africa craton. An ensemble of domains (or terranes) are distinguished in the basement. These domains are limited by regional fauls and correspond to old microcontinents collisioned mainly during the Birimian and Hercynian orogenies. Earlier granitization stages were produced in the Paleoarchean and the Mesoarchean depending on the domain, but the first generalized episode of TTG plutonism occurs in the Leonian orogeny ( circa 3 Ga). Important BIF deposits formed in greenstone belt basins. The Liberian cycle start with the intrusion of ultrabasic sills and dykes, associated with a mantle plume. This scenario evolved to a LIP made up by a dense network of diabase dykes; the individualization of the microcontinents took place in the rest of the area. Convergence of some of these microplates pr oduced subduction and a calc-alkaline magnatism and finally a collision between some of these domains at the end of this cycle. Rifting at the limit Archean-Proterozoic generated saturated and subsaturated alkaline magmatism. Showings of rare- element mineralization occur in these rocks. Submarine sedimentary basins are locally developed, and contain important BIF deposits. Most of the microplates converged during the Paleoproterozoic; calc-alkaline magmatism do occur in the suprasubduction zones; closing of the oceans and subsequent continental collision is associated with development of Cr- (PGE) bearing ophiolitic suites. Regional shear zones are associated with orogeenic gold deposits. This Birimain orogen produced the cratonization of most of the domains.. Alkaline granites intruded in a rft stage at the end of the orogeny, but they are barren. Calc-alkaline magmatism is also present during the Kibarian and Panafrican orogeny at the west border of the WAC, and is not mineralized; however, the alkaline granites of the rifting closing the Kibaran orogeny contain high concentrations of Nb and REE; those at the end of the end of the Panafrican are devoid of mineralization.. The continental margins of the craton allowed the sedimentation of thick platform series during the Paleozoic. The lower Devonian series hosts oolitic iron deposits. The general collision of all these domains and Laurussia during the Hercynian orogeny produced the Pangea supercontinent. In this context, the thrusts can carry orogenic gold deposits, and podiform Cr-(PGE) deposits outcrop in ophiolites. Finally, the opening of the North Atlantic since the Upper Triassic-Jurassic produced carbonatites at the western end of the WAC ; these carbonatites are enriched in rare elements. The continental margins formed in this epoch allowed the sedimentation of platform series thaht contain phospate deposits and have potential to contain oil. Western Sahara has a large potential for ore deposits, and some of them have been discovered during the development of this memory; most of them are hosted in the Precambrian materials: a) Stratiform Cr-PGE -Ti-V deposits associated with the Bir Malhat complex, and their continuity overpass 20 km. b) Podiform Cr-PGE chromitite deposits were produced in the Proterozoic of the Mauritanids. c) Orogenic gold deposits (Au-(PGE) are associated with the regional shear zones. There are several styles of mineralization: listwänites- birbirites, vein systems, or stratabound mineralizations replacing favourable host rocks in the vicinity of shear zones formed during the Birimian orogeny (Tifariti-Bir Lehlu-Ain ben Tili and Sfariat domains) o the Hercynian (Mauritanids). d) BIF deposits in submarine series. These deposits occur in most of the domains, but the Sfariat and Miyec-Ijil domains contain most of the largest reserves. e) Deposits of rare elements as Nb-Ta- LREE-U-Fe-V-P-Mo occur in the Proterozoic and Cretaceous carbonatites. f) Deposits of Nb-Ta-F-HREE-U-Th are found in undersaturated or saturated alkaline rocks, mainly in those enriched in F. g) Oolitic iron deposits have large reserves in the platform series of the Lower Devonian. h) World-class stratiform phosphorite deposits occur in the Paleogene El Aaiún sedimentary basin, which has also potential for oil deposits. i) Calcrete and ferricrete U-(REE??) deposits of Quaternary age.
Souza, Márcio Roberto Wilbert de. "Estudo experimental da gênese de magmas alcalinos subsaturados em sílica através do sistema kalsilita-nefelina-diopsídio-sílica a 4.0 GPA e Condições Anidras." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/156612.
Full textThe alkaline rocks represent only 1% of the exposed rocks on the Earth’s surface. Despite that, these rocks are a group with a wide compositional spectrum, associated to many tectonic contexts, and their study can help us to better understand the thermal and geodynamic evolution of our planet. Potassium, sodium and calcium are the main elements used in the classification of this group of rocks, and their concentration can give us insights about the origin of these rocks. We have experimentally investigated the Kalsilite–Nepheline–Diopside-Silica system at high pressure and temperature conditions (HPHT), with emphasis on silica-undersaturated volume (Leucite–Nepheline–Diopside and Kalsilite–Nepheline–Diopside planes), both at 4.0GPa (~120km deep) and dry conditions and temperatures up to 1400°C, aiming to better understand the influence of K2O, Na2O, and CaO in alkaline silica-undersaturated magmas. For the experiments, we used a 1000 tonf hydraulic press with toroidal chambers, and the run products were analyzed by XRD and SEM-EDS technique. In the Lct-Nph-Di plane we determined the stability fields for kalsilite (Klsss), nepheline (Nphss) and clinopyroxene solid solution (CPxss), wollastonite (Wo) and sanidine (Sa); and three piercing points: (A) Kls+Nph+Di+liquid (Lc62Ne29Di9) at 1000°C; (B) Kls+Sa+(Di+Wo)+liquid (Lct75Nph22Di2) at 1200°C, (C) Kls+Di+Wo+liquid (Lct74Nph17Di9) at 1000°C Kalsilite stability field represents a boundary between ultrapotassic/potassic vs. sodic compositions. In the plane Kls-Nph-Di, we found the stability fields for Klsss, Nphss and CPxss and two aluminous phases spinel (Spl) and corundum (Crn). This plane have a piercing point in Kls+Nph+Di(±Spl)+liquid (Kls47Nph43Di10) at 1100°C. Our data suggest that pressure extends K dissolution in Nph (up to 39%) and Na in Kls (up to 27%), and that these solid solutions determine eutectic positions in surrounding systems, or how much K-rich will be the generated magmas. Additionally, our data shows positive correlation between K2O and SiO2 concentration in magmas, negative correlation between CaO and SiO2 and no evident correlation with Na2O.
Sobrinho, Jose Maria Azevedo. "Petrologia dos charnockitos da região de Itariri (SP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 1995. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44135/tde-13102014-154544/.
Full textThe dominant rock types in the Itariri region are partially migmatized charnockitic rocks, migmatites, garnet biotite gneisses and Itariri Shear Zone milonites. Sparse occurrences of kinzigitic gneisses, calc-silicate rocks, amphibolites and basic dikes are also found. More intensively migmatized charnockites, here called \"Transition Zone\", mark the contact between the charnockitic rocks and the migmatites. The contact between the charnockites and the metasedimentary rocks is sharp. The composition of the charnockitic rocks is predominantly quartz noritic to enderbitic, with variations to opdalites and sensu strictu charnockites. Basic granulitic enclaves are frequent, usually as boudins. Metaclinopyroxenites xenolites also occur. Mineral analyses of pyroxenes from the charnockitic rocks and their basic enclaves show that the composition of orthopyroxenes hardly differ from \'En IND. 47-50\' \'Fs IND.48-51\' \'Wo IND.2\', whereas clinopyroxenes composition vary in the \'En 34-36\' \'Fs IND.19-21\' \'Wo45-47\' interval. Corrected geothermometric data yield high-grade metamorphism average temperatures of the order of 759° C and 763° C according to Wood & Banno and Wells geothermometers, respectively. Whole rock chemical data show that the Itariri charnockites belong to a bimodal calcalkaline sequence, typical of Archean terrains, possibly associated to a subduction environment.
Vlach, Silvio Roberto Farias. "Geologia e petrologia dos granitóides de Morungaba/SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 1993. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44135/tde-15042013-112501/.
Full textThe Morungaba granitoids crop out in the Morungaba region, eastern part of the State of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil as an irregular-elongated NNE belt (appr. 15 x 35 km2), covering about 330 km2. The rocks intruded into Meso- to Neoproterozoic ortho- and parametamorphic sequences belonging, in the southern area, to the Socorro-Guaxupé Nappe and, to the north, to the Alto Rio Grande Belt. Detailed mapping was performed using 1:50.000 and 1:10.000 scales. Seven intrusive stratigraphic units were recognized, constituted by some petrographic associations, each with distinct petrographic ranges and intrusion styles. The units are important constituents of the Late- to postorogenic Brasiliano magmatism of the regional granitoid Itu Belt, with intrusion ages around 610 to 590 (\'+OU-\' 20) Ma, postdating by about 10 to 50 Ma the earlier sinorogenic events. The first association presents grey equigranular, moderately peraluminous, granitoids (with biotite (\'+OU-\' muscovite \'+OU-\' garnet \'+OU-\' ilmenite \'+OU-\' magnetite), with a Si\'O IND. 2\' range of 70-75%, little variation in proportions of felsic minerals, and low magnetic susceptibilities (k < 0,2 . \'10PONT.-3\' emu). The other two associations, include mostly pink, metaluminous to peraluminous ( marginally peraluminous) granitoids (with biotite \'+OU-\' hornblende \'+OU-\' sphene \'+OU-\' magnetite \'+OU-\' ilmenite \'+OU-\' allanite \'+OU-\' muscovite), both showing low to moderate k values [0,0 - 2,0 (.\'10PONT.-3\' emu)]; one of them, mostly with equigranular, more felsic varieties (Si\'O IND. 2\' about 69-77%), shows litle modal variation, while the other is mainly constituted by more varied, microporphyritic to porphyroid granitoids (Si\'O IND. 2\' between 64-75%) with hornblende present in the more mafic members. In the northern area, the oldest unit is the Areia Branca Pluton, irregular to elongated, made up of concordant intrusions of zoned peraluminous leucomonzogranites (more mafic facies located at the outside). The Ouro Verde Complex, also irregular to elongated to the NE-NNE, presents many elongated granitic laminar bodies (oriented NW-W to E-NE) concordantly interleaved with country rocks; the granites of the complex are, on the one hand, peraluminous monzogranites and on the other hand an assorted set of marginally peraluminous granitoids (quartz monzodiorites and monzonites; monzo- and syenogranites); the last set is younger than the rocks of the Areia Branca pluton. Both the cited units present pre-crystallization structures, sometimes overprinted by later plastic deformation; they intruded in a sin- to latekinematic (\"forceful\" to \"permissive\") regime and their emplacement was apparently controlled by dextral movements of the Monte Sião shear-zone. To the SW of these units, the Jaguari Pluton is found, the youngest and largest intrusion in this area, elongated to the NNE. The pluton shows the form of an asymmetric funnel, cut by ring dikes and irregular bodies. Its main granitoids are marginally peraluminous porphyritic to porphyroid granodiorites, quartz monzonites and monzo- and syenogranites. The individual bodies are discordant and were emplaced on account of dextral displacement of the Monte Sião and Campinas-Pedreira shear zones, the earliest ones under the influence of more forceful regime, the youngest ones more permissively with several evidences of marginal stoping and local or regional block foundering. In the southern region, the oldest association are that present in the Southern Occurrences, made up of lenticular to irregular bodies, oriented N-S to NNE, of peraluminous leucomonzogranites and hybrid rocks, the last ones with more irregular distribution. These rocks are in part roof rocks for the younger and discordant southern intrusions (Meridional, Oriental and Itatiba Plutons). These plutons are constituted by predominant monzogranites, with subordinate quartz monzonites and syenogranites, marginally peraluminous, equigranular to inequigranular rocks, and younger than the older rocks of the Jaguari Pluton. The main occurrence is the Meridional Pluton, with a squarish to irregular outline and southern lobate projections; it shows irregular to asymmetric zonation. The slightly zoned Oriental Pluton is somewhat elongated to the NNE, while the Itatiba occurrence, also showing a concentric zoning, is the smallest of the three. The largest pluton of this area invaded permissively by means of stoping and subsidence of country rocks, perhaps related to transtencional zones created by sinistral movements of the Campinas-Pedreira shear zone. Quartz diorites and quartz monzodiorites, presenting variyng grain sizes and textures, are observed as enclaves, dikes and smaller irregular occurrences, more so in the younger granitois of the Jaguari Pluton, within the leucomonzogranites of the Southern Occurences more so in the younger granitos of the Jaguri Pluton, within the leucomonzogranites of the southern Occurences (where hybrid rocks are commmon), and in the older border granitoids of the Meridional Pluton. The main diorite occurrences are contemporaneous with the initial southern magmatic intrusions and with the waning stages of the northern magmatism. Contemporaneous or somewhat younger monzogranitic predominant and subordinate dioritic dike swarms are frequently observed in the central-western and SW parts of the district, repectively oriented to the N-S/NNE and to the NW. They represent the last events of the Morungaba magmatism ad were emplaced within extensional fractures created by sinistral movement of the Campinas-Pedreira shear zone. All porphyritic rock associations are alkali-calcic, potassic, with enrichment in LIL elements ad relatively high LIL/HFS elemental ratios, also showing fractionated REE patterns and small to moderate negative Eu anomalies. The marginally peraluminous southern granitoids present alkaline affinities, with lower K and higher Na values; REE fractionation is moderate, with increased negative Eu anomalies. Some of the more felsic facies of the Jaguari Pluton are chemically similar. In each rock association, the more mafic members are more REE enriched, with lesser marked Eu anomalies. The quartz diorites are chemically similar to the potassic granitoids. Magmatic evolution in the principal units results from a combination of several mechanisms, involving ascent and emplacement of magmas together with fractional (modal and non-modal) crystallization. The hybrid facies form by mixing of dioritic and differentiated granitic magmas or mushes. The final crystallization of the Morungaba magmas took place under pressures of 2 to 3 kbar. The diorites and the marginally peraluminous granites crystallized in an oxidizing environment, at \'(delta) IND. NNO(740)\' = 2,0 (+ 1,0, -0,5), with a progressive increase in ?\' IND. O2\', and ?\' IND. H2O\' as temperature decreased. The peraluminous monzogranites were formed under more reducing conditions \'delta IND. NNO(670)\' = 0 (\'+OU-\' 1), the Areia Branca Pluton showing decreasing ?\'O IND. 2\' in the more felsic rocks. The Zr saturation temperatures suggest that the corresponding magmas were probably largely liquid. In the granites, the ?\' IND. H2O\'/ ? \'IND. HF\' ratios remained between \'10 POT. 3,2\' and \'10 POT. 4,0\'. The main geochemical features of these rocks are a conbination of original source characteristics and those acquired during the melting episode and subsequent evolution. The generation of the more potassic and alkaline magmas is attributed to a major underplating event caused by successive intrusions of oxidized basic-intermediate magma, realeased from a heterogeneous Iithospheric mantle showing different degrees of enrichment and of isotopic evolution. The less enriched portion of this mantle (\'ANTPOT. 87 Sr/\'ANTPOT. 86 Sr\' between 0,7060 and 0,7070; \'épsilon IND. Nd(CHUR)\' ~-12,5) was the source for the dioritic magmatism. The alkaline associations were derived from lower crustal granulitic layers of igneous orign ((\'ANTPOT. 87 Sr\'/\'ANTPOT. 86 Sr\'\')IND. 0\' between 0,7070; \'épsilon IND. Nd(CHUR)\' between -13 and -10), during a melting episode triggered by the basic-intermediate magmas. The potassic rocks ((\'ANTPOT. 87Sr\'/\'ANTPOT. 86Sr\'\')IND. 0\' between 0,7070 and 0,7080; \'épsilon IND. Nd(CHUR)\' between ~-14 and -13) and were probably formed by crystallization of somewhat and isotopically evolved basic-intermediate magamas, contamined by crustal material. The peraluminous associations were generated by melting of amphibolite-facies cata-to mesozonal crustal igneous rocks, representing the metamorphic equivalents of tonalites and granodiorites. The Sm/Nd model ages indicate at least two events of lithospheric geochemical reorganization. At about 2,3 Ga, a tonalitic-granodioritic crust was formed, later on converted into the source rocks for the peraluminous Morungaba granites. A second stage occurred at about 2,0 Ga, with extensive underplating by basic-intermediate materials and simultaneous enrichment of the lithospheric mantle in LIL elements, wich was the main source rocks for the alkaline and (in part) the potassic Morungaba sequences. The alkali-calcic Morungaba magmatism marks the transition between the sin-to lateorogenic stages, and the alkaline granite intrusions determine the postorogenic Brasiliano phase in the eastern State of São Paulo. These geologic phenomena are interpreted as a response to the evolution of the lithospheric mantle, coupled with a regional lithospheric stretching and melting of progressively less fertile source rocks.
Bortolotto, Olavo José. "Petrologia dos mármores de Caçapava do Sul, RS." Universidade de São Paulo, 1986. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44135/tde-09062016-154905/.
Full textNot available.
Silva, Fábio Peres da. "Petrologia dos diabásios da Região de Ubatuba, SP." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2169.
Full textOs diques de diabásio da região de Ubatuba são subverticais e têm orientação preferencial NE-SW, mais precisamente N40-50E, seguindo o trend principal das fraturas na área. Este padrão é concordante com aquele da suíte de alto-TiO2 do Enxame de Diques da Serra do Mar (EDSM) do litoral sudeste do Brasil. As espessuras desses corpos variam de 30 cm a 55 m, tendo, a maioria, entre 1,5 e 8 metros. Subordinadamente, ocorrem diques orientados segundo as direções NW-SE e ENE-WSW. Com relação às formas das fraturas-conduto, a mais comum na qual os diques da área de estudo afloram é a retilínea. No entanto, também foram observadas feições como degraus, pontes, tocos, bifurcações, escalonamento e diques em ziguezague. Os diabásios estudados têm cor preta, por vezes variando em tons avermelhados, de acordo com o grau de alteração. Podem tanto apresentar-se afaníticos quanto finos e, comumente, são porfiríticos, com fenocristais de plagioclásio. Em alguns casos, podem ser observadas amígdalas milimétricas de carbonato de coloração branca. A composição mineralógica desses diabásios é pouco variável, em geral, representada, essencialmente, por plagioclásio, clinopiroxênio rico em Ca (augita) e/ou clinopiroxênio pobre em Ca (pigeonita). Como acessórios podem ocorrer olivina, mineral opaco e apatita. Quanto às características geoquímicas, das 27 amostras selecionadas para análise de elementos maiores e traços, os resultados mostraram que 22 amostras plotam no campo subalcalino e têm afinidade toleítica. A afinidade toleítica da grande maioria das amostras (22 em um total de 27) é corroborada pela presença de quartzo e hiperstênio (e ausência de nefelina) na norma CIPW e, dessa forma, as mesmas podem ser classificadas como quartzo-toleítos. Em três das amostras estudadas, há presença de olivina e hiperstênio normativos e ausência de quartzo, o que as inclui em um grupo de olivina-toleítos. De todas as 25 amostras de diabásio toleítico estudadas, 24 foram inseridas dentro de uma suíte de alto-TiO2 (TiO2 > 2%peso) e apenas 1 foi inserida dentro de uma suíte de baixo TiO2 (TiO2 < 2%peso). O estudo petrológico revela a existência de quatro suítes de alto-TiO2, tendo sido as mesmas discriminadas com base nas razões La/Yb de amostras com o teor semelhante de MgO. Destas, apenas as suítes 2 e 3 tem quantidade mínima de amostras para avaliação de processo evolutivo e os resultados indicam a cristalização fracionada com mudança de assembléia fracionante como processo evolutivo mais provável. A discriminação de fontes mantélicas foi feita exclusivamente com base nas razões entre elementos traços de amostras representativas de líquidos parentais das quatro suítes discriminadas. Os resultados indicam que todas as suítes originaram-se pela fusão de fontes mantélicas enriquecidas, tendo, assim, pelo menos uma contribuição de componentes litosféricos.
The diabase dykes of the study area (Ubatuba region) consist, predominantely, of NE-SW (N40-50E) subvertical bodies which follow the main trend of fractures in the area. This pattern is concordant with that of the high-TiO2 suite of the Serra do Mar Dykes Swarm in southeast coast of Brazil. Subordinately, these dikes follow a NW-SE or a NE-WSW orientation. The thickness of those bodies varies from 0,3 to 55 meters, although most of them have thickness between 1,5 and 8 meters. Regarding the forms of the fracture-conduit, the great majority of the dikes are emplaced within straight fractures. However, features like steps, bridges, stubs, bifurcations, stagger and dykes in zigzag are also observed. The studied diabases have black color, per times varying in red tones, as a reflection of the alteration degree. Most often, diabases are aphanitic or fine grained and, commonly, display porphyritic texture with plagioclase phenocrysts. In some cases, white carbonate-filled milimetric amigdals can be observed. The mineralogical composition of those diabases is little variable, consisting, essentially, of plagioclase, Ca-rich clinopyroxene (augite) and/or Ca-poor clinopyroxene (pigeonite). Acessory minerals are, commonly, olivine, opaque mineral(s) and apatite. Considering the lithogeochemical study, results indicate that, of the 27 samples selected for analysis of major and trace elements, 22 are tholeiitic diabases. The tholeiitic affinity of the great majority of the samples (22 in a population of 27) is corroborated by the presence of quartz and hypersthene (and absence of nepheline) in the CIPW norm, which lead to the classification of these diabases as quartz- tholeiites. In three of the studied samples, the presence of normative olivine and hypersthene (and absence of normative quartz) includes them in an olivine- tholeiite group. Of all the 25 samples of tholeiitic diabases, 24 were accounted to a high-TiO2 suite (TiO2> 2%peso) and only 1 was accounted to a low TiO2 one (TiO2 <2%peso). On the basis of La/Yb ratios and its relations to MgO, it was possible to discriminate four distinct high-TiO2 suites (suites 1, 2, 3 and 4). Of these, only suites 2 and 3 include a minimum amount of samples necessary for the evaluation of evolutionary process, and results indicate, for both suites, that fractional crystallization with change of fractional assembly as a more plausible evolutionary process. The discrimination of mantle sources was made exclusively on the basis of incompatible trace element ratios of samples considered as representative of parental liquids of the four discriminated suites. Results indicate that all four suites were generated by partial melting of an enriched source, which points to the consideration of lithospheric components contribution.
Stropper, José Luciano. "Petrologia do complexo alcalino Planalto da Serra - MT." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2014. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/17645.
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O complexo alcalino Planalto da Serra (CAPS), situado na porção central do Estado de Mato Grosso, é intrusivo na Faixa Paraguai, a qual, por sua vez, constitui-se de rochas metassedimentares neoproterozóicas inseridas entre os crátons Amazonas e Paranapanema. Com 598,2 ± 4,7 Ma, o CAPS é dominado por intrusões de bebedouritos, essencialmente formados por flogopita, perovskita, piroxênio, apatita, e olivina carbonatizada ou serpentinizada. Esses corpos alcalinos estão dispostos conforme a estrutura regional (N60-80E) na forma de plugs e diques métricos, encaixados nas rochas carbonáticas e silicáticas do Grupo Cuiabá e do Grupo Araras, e consistem de quatro áreas ou alvos principais, denominados Mutum, Chibata-Denizar, Lau-Massau e Big Valley. Apesar da idade do Complexo, a deformação imposta às rochas da Faixa Paraguai durante o Ciclo Brasiliano não deixou evidências relevantes nas rochas do CAPS, ou não é reconhecível nas condições atuais de exposição. Entretanto, associações mineralógicas como tremolita + clinocloro + serpentina, detectadas nos bebedouritos do CAPS, são típicas de metamorfismo regional em rochas ultramáficas e compatíveis com o grau metamórfico da Zona Interna da Faixa Paraguai. Vesuvianita, granadas cálcicas com baixo Ti e alanita, presentes nas rochas do CAPS, compõem assembleias metamórficas descritas em metacarbonatitos e rochas alcalinas silicáticas em outros locais. A composição mineralógica dos bebedouritos do CAPS, assim como a de outras ocorrências mundiais dessas rochas, é atípica, não se encaixando em nenhum esquema tradicional de classificação de rochas ígneas, mas coincidente com a definição original e histórica de bebedouritos. Os bebedouritos que compõem o CAPS são classificados em três grupos, com base em sua composição modal, assembleia mineralógica, química mineral e química de rocha total. O bebedourito B1 é mais primitivo e contém fases cujas soluções sólidas estão mais próximas aos respectivos membros finais menos evoluídos. O grupo B1a é caracterizado principalmente pela ocorrência de olivina carbonatizada ou serpentinizada. Os bebedouritos B1b são quimicamente muito semelhantes aos bebedouritos B1a, mas não apresentam vestígios de olivina. Os bebedouritos B2 têm comportamento intermediário entre B1 e B3, apresentando grande diversidade em sua mineralogia e em suas características químicas, tanto de rocha total quanto de minerais. O bebedourito B3 representa as rochas mais evoluídas, caracterizadas por acúmulo dos elementos mais incompatíveis, como os ETR, sendo que B3b apresenta minerais composicionalmente mais evoluídos do que B3a. Em termos de distribuição geográfica, o alvo Mutum contém toda a sequência de evolução (B1, B2 e B3), exceto pela ausência do bebedourito B1a. Rochas deste último grupo, que são as mais primitivas encontradas no CAPS, estão restritas ao alvo Lau-Massau. Uma vez que muitos bebedouritos são cumulados, e também em função do alto grau de instauração em sílica, o uso de índices de diferenciação e de diagramas de classificação convencionais é complicado. No presente trabalho optou-se por utilizar uma classificação química específica de rochas ultrapotássicas, limitada pelos valores de K2O/Na2O maior que 2, e K2O e MgO maiores que 3. Nas amostras do CAPS, verificam-se valores de MgO entre 8,86 e 20,51 e razões K2O/Na2O variando de 3 a acima de 800 devido ao Na2O extremamente baixo. O K2O apresenta valores abaixo do critério estipulado, característica comum em outras ocorrências de rochas ultrapotássicas do Brasil e geralmente atribuída à alteração por processos tardios ou intemperismo. Kamafugitos se caracterizam pelo baixo teor de SiO2, Al2O3 e Na2O, alto CaO e variável razão K2O/Al2O3, critérios atendidos pela ampla maioria das amostras do CAPS. Outras características de kamafugitos são a presença de kalsilita, melilita e perovskita, as duas últimas presentes nas rochas do CAPS. Com relação a elementos menores, a afinidade dos bebedouritos do CAPS com kamafugitos também é evidenciada por diagramas Th/Yb versus Ta/Yb e Th/Zr versus Nb/Zr. Estes diagramas demostram que as rochas do CAPS apresentam características muito similares aos kamafugitos das províncias do Alto Paranaíba (APIP), de Goiás (GAP) e da região de Toro-Ankole, na África, e consideráveis diferenças em relação aos kamafugitos italianos, Província Romana e rochas potássicas do leste do Paraguai, os quais possuem razões Nb/Zr e Ta/Yb mais baixas. Em diagramas multielementares, as amostras do CAPS apresentam diversas semelhanças com o padrão dos kamafugitos do rift africano, embora se observe enriquecimento relativo dos elementos Th, La e Nd, e empobrecimento do Ti bastante evidentes em todos os tipos de bebedouritos do CAPS em relação às rochas de Toro-Ankole. Admitindo-se como magma parental uma composição semelhante aos flogopita picritos dos complexos da APIP as rochas do CAPS desenvolveram-se a partir de uma combinação de cristalização fracionada e metassomatismo. A acumulação de perovskita e olivina (B1a) provoca um aumento de P2O5 e CO2 no magma, mas não o suficiente para geração de um líquido imiscível, principalmente se levada em consideração a quantidade de carbonato intercumulus presente nos bebedouritos B2 e B3a. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The Planalto da Serra Alkaline Complex (PSAC) is exposed in central Mato Grosso State and intrudes the Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Paraguay Belt. located between the Amazonas and the Paranapanema cratons. The PSAC has a 598.2 ± 4.7 Ma age and is dominated by bebedourites, composed of phlogopite, perovskite, pyroxenes, apatite, and carbonatized or serpentinized olivine. The alkaline bodies are exposed along the regional (N60-80E) structure and occur as small plugs and meter-sized dykes intruding the carbonates and siliciclastic metasedimentary rocks of the Cuiabá Group and Araras Group in four main areas: Mutum, Chibata-Denizar, Lau-Massau e Big Valley. The deformation that affected the Paraguay Belt during the Brasiliano Cycle did not leave a relevant record in the PSAC rocks or it is not recognizable due to poor exposures. However, mineral assemblages such as tremolite + clinochlore + antigorite + serpentine, which occur in the PSAC bebedourites, are typical of the regional metamorphism of ultramafic rocks, and consistent with the low-grade, greenschist facies conditions observed in the Paraguay Belt in the area. Vesuviante, low-Ti garnets and allanite which are also present in the PSAC rocks are often interpreted as metamorphic assemblages in metacarbonatites and alkaline silicate rocks elsewhere. Similarly to other bebedourite occurrences, PSAC bebedourites are mainly fine-grained cumulates with a mineral composition that does not fit tradtional igneous rock classification schemes. However, they coincide well with the historical definition of bebedourite. The PSAC bebedourites can be classified in three main groups based on their modal composition, mineralogy, mineral chemistry and whole rock chemistry. B1 bebedourites are more primitive, containing minerals whose solid solutions are closeest to the less evolved end-members. The B1a bebedourite is mainly characterized by the occurrence of serpentinized or carbonatized olivine. The B1b bebedourites are chemically very similar to B1a, but do not contain traces of olivine. B2 bebedourites have intermediate behavior between B1 and B3, and are characterized by a great diversity in mineralogy, mineral chemistry and whole-rock chemistry. B3 bebedourites, represent the most evolved rocks, characterized by the highest concentrations of incompatible elements (e.g. LREE). The B3b have more evolved mineral compositions than B3a. Different types of bebedourites are exposed in distinct locations. The Mutum target contains the whole evolution sequence (B1, B2 e B3), excepted for the most primitive B1a group, which is restricted to the Lau-Massau target. Since many bebedourites are cumulates and these rocks are highly silica undersaturated, differentiation indices and conventional classification diagrams are difficult to apply to these rocks. Therefore, in the present work we use a chemical classification specific for ultrapotassic rocks, limited by K2O/Na2O values greater than 2 and K2O and MgO wt% higher than 3. In the vi
STROPPER, José Luciano. "Petrologia do complexo alcalino Planalto da Serra, MT." reponame:Repositório Institucional da CPRM, 2014. http://rigeo.cprm.gov.br/xmlui/handle/doc/14716.
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Janasi, Valdecir de Assis. "Rochas sieniticas e mangeritico-charnoquiticas neoproterozoicas da região entre Caldas e Campestre, MG: aspectos petrológicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 1992. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44135/tde-28092012-155830/.
Full textGeological mapping was carried out in an area of ca. 628 sq. km located between Caldas and Campestre, southwestern Minas Gerais, southern Brazil, within the geologic domain referred to as the Socorro-Guaxupé Thrust Nappe. The oldest rocks are mostly strongly migmatized gneisses, grouped into two complexes. The gneisses of supracrustal affinities are part of the Proterozoic Caconde Complex, while migmatitic orthogneisses were included in the Pinhal Complex. Four main types of weakly- to nonmigmatized granitoids were also mapped: a potassic calc-alkaline quartz-monzonitesyenogranite suite; a series of small bodies of equigranular pink anatectic granites, intimately associated with the migmatites; a sheet-like mangeritic-charnockitic-granitic occurrence (the São Pedro de Caldas massif); and a younger syenitic occurrence (the Capituva massif). The last two massifs were mapped and studied in greater detail. The syenitic Capituva massif, elongated N40W (16 x 11 km), has a ellipsoidal shape that results from the sequential intrusion of four partly superposed,slightly eccentric, magmatic suges which shifted continuously to the NE. The first three surges are made up of slightly oversaturated (color indices ca. 20-25) syenites. The major variations are textural: marginal porphyritic facies with finegrained matrix are succeeded by central medium- to coarse-grained laminated facies. Contacts between the facies are often gradational, but locally clearly intrusive. The general pattern is attributed to progressively slower crystallization as tle country rocks became heated up by the intrusive magmas. The fourth and last magmatic surge is made up of a more mafic core (porpbyritic mela-syenites, color indices around 35) bordered by coarse-grained laminated syenites which, in turn, host ring-like bodies of fine-grained grey quartz syenites. The contacts between the last two facies suggest nearly contemporaneous intrusion. Older potassic calc-alkaline granitoids appear as abundant inclusions and roofs within the massif, and also at its periphery. The syenite-granitoid contacts are at times complex, owing to local assimilation (which generated a biotite-rich syenitic facies), partial melting of the granitoids and back-veining, and deposition of cumulatic material (forming mafic-ultramafic lenses and a coarse syenitic facies made up mostly of alkali-feldspar phenocrysts). The three-dimensional shape of the massif is that of a funnel tilted to the NE, and resulted from the forcefuI intrusion of magmas at a depth of ca. 10 km (3 kb) and contemporaneous late regional deformation. The syenites exhibit high contents of LILE (K, Ba, Sr), low HFSE (Nb, Ti, Zr), and strongly fractionated REE patterns lacking significative Eu anomalies. Crystallization occurred under high fO2, as indicated by the occurrence of ferri-ilmenite as the sole primary Fe-Ti oxide, and by the high Mg# of the mafic minerals (calcic pyroxene, edenitic hornblende and biotite). Three main groups of facies can be identified by rock chemistry. Fractional crystallization modelling suggests that magmas compositionally equivalent to the mela-syenite could not generate the more differentiated syenites by extraction of early-crystallizing minerals, which probably reflects the presence of alkali feldspar incorporated from the country syenites in the more mafic rocks. The fine-grained quartz syenites could be derived from magmas equivalent to the medium- and coarse-grained syenites, through the extraction of early plagioclase (before its resorption by the magmas), alkali feldspar, biotite, ferri-ilmenite and apatite. Sr and Eu are not significantly depleted in the quartz syenites, which limits the modelled fractionation to low volumes. The parental high-K trachytic magmas that generated the suite must themselves be derived from basic magmas rich in incompatible elements (e.g., high La/Nb and K/Ti ratios) through the extraction of mafic phases (olivine, pyroxene, and possibly ilmenite), which resulted in a slight raising of Mg#, a substantial depletion in compatible elements (Cr, Ni and a general increase in incompatible elements. Structural and stratigraphic evidence suggest that the Capituva massif (and the similar adjacent Pedra Branca massif) is the younger Neoproterozoic intrusion in the area, and probably marks a northeastern extension of the late- to post-tectonic Brasiliano Itu granitoid belt. As such, its tectonic situation is comparable to that of the Tertiary-Cenozoic post-subduction potassic magmatism of western USA. The chemical similarities with the shoshonitic magmatism of active subduction zones must, therefore, reflect the melting conditions and the characteristics of the source area (lithospheric subcontinental mantle?), and not necessarily the tectonic environment. The São Pedro de Caldas massif, made up of gneissic mangerites, charnockites and granites, occurs as folded tabular bodies whose original thicknesses reached some hundreds of meters, and are exposed over ca. 120 sq. km. It was divided into three main geographic sectors which must correspond to different intrusions. Medium- to-coarse-grained, equi- to inequigranular quartz mangerites are predominant in all sectors; a well-defined zoning is seen in the Central sector, where these rocks grade upwards into charnockites and then into hornblende syenogranites. Other less important facies include foliated fine-grained mangerites and quartz mangerites, besides isotropic quartz monzonites and granites, formed by remobilization of the previous rocks during a later metamorphic event.The low a(H2O) of the parental magmas is reflected in the mafic mineralogy of the predominant facies, in which ferrosilite and hedenbergite are far more abundant than hastingsitic hornblende. The more differentiated syenogranites, in contrast, are more hydrated, and bear hastingsitic hornblende and biotite as the main mafics. The superimposed high P-T metamorphism (T= ca. 750-800º C; P= ca. 7 kb) provoked important chemical reequilibration in the original pyroxenes, and generated most of the oligoclase (by exsolution from magmatic ternary feldspar) and some grunerite and garnet. Outstanding among chemical features are the comparatively low Ca, Mg and Sr, and high Fe and HFSE (especiallyZr, with values over 1,000 ppm in some mangerites). REE patterns of mangerites are moderately fractionated, and show a welldefined positive Eu anomaly; the hornblende syenogranites, in contrast, show markedly fractionated patterns and a strong negative Eu anomaly. Modelling of in situ crystal fractionation show that it is possible to generate the (quartz) mangerites of the Central sector by adding a \"mangeritic\" component from a parental magma compositionally slightly more mafic than the charnockites from this sector. This same magna could be parental to hornblende syenogranites, by means of sequential fractionation which included withdrawal of K-rich feldspar in larger amounts in the late stages. Thermometric estimates based on Zr saturation in magmas and on reintegrated clinopyroxene compositions indicate magmatic temperatures over 850º C (perhaps up to 1,000º C). The low quartz content of the parental magmas suggests melting of the lower crust (P> 10 kb); the differentiated granites, on the contrary, are quartz-rich (over 30% normative), which would be compatible with emplacement in shallow crustal levels. The São Pedro de Caldas massif is correlated with the São José do Rio Pardo mangeritic suite, which is made up of a series of tabular bodies occurring as an elongated (NW-SE direction) belt that outcrops at an intermediate level of the exposed section of the Socorro-Guaxupé Thrust Nappe. This anorogenic suite was formed by the crystallization and in situ fractionation of a series of parental magmas sharing some important geochemical fingerprints, but showing slightly different Mg#\'s, as a result of variations in the melting conditions (e.g., composition of source-rocks, fO2, a(H2O) and degree of melting). The major geochemical features are compatible with low-degree partial melting of residual granulites that were warmed up by underplating of mantle-derived basic magmas and/or lithospheric thinning during an extensional event (at ca. 750 Ma?) prior to the onset of the compressive tectonics of the Brasiliano cycle.
Soares, Marcos Roberto Farias. "Estudo experimental de magmatismo granítico potássico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/49484.
Full textBolonini, Thiago Motta. "Geologia e potencialidade do granito "Vermelho Capão Bonito" (Sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo) como rocha ornamental /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92882.
Full textBanca: Antonio Carlos Artur
Banca: Leonardo Luiz Lyrio da Silveira
Resumo: O Maciço Granítico Capão Bonito localiza-se no sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo e está associado à evolução neoproterozóica da Província Mantiqueira Central. As suas rochas afloram junto à borda da Bacia do Paraná em um corpo com forma alongada cujo eixo maior apresenta direção geral NE-SW, perfazendo uma área aproximada de 110km2. Ocorre intrusivo em rochas epimetamórficas da Formação Votuverava, do Grupo Açungui e em rochas graníticas do Complexo Três Córregos e a sua colocação encontra-se relacionada a uma tectônica rúptil das zonas de cisalhamento de direção NE-SW. O contato sul encontra-se delimitado pela Falha do Bairro dos Alves que compõe a Zona de Cisalhamento Quarenta Oitava e por contatos normais com as rochas metassedimentares. Os contatos oeste e noroeste ocorrem com rochas graníticas do Complexo Três Córregos a partir da Falha de Capão Bonito ou Zona de Cisalhamento Itapirapuã, além de apresentar contato também com as rochas metassedimentares da Formação Votuverava. Nos metassedimentos, quando preservados das feições deformacionais impostas pela deformação milonítica, preservam-se texturas e mineralogias do metamorfismo de contato com desenvolvimento de minerais na fácies albita-epidoto e hornblenda hornfels. A região central e norte do maciço caracterizam-se por uma área arrasada constituindo um planalto entre os fortes da serrania com poucos afloramentos na forma de matacões expostos. Os contatos sul e extremo NW do corpo apresentam-se mais íngremes e encontram-se mais dissecados e erodidos, apresentando inúmeras exposições das litologias do maciço com riqueza de matacões e lajedos expostos ou com coberturas de solo menos espessas, contribuindo, portanto, para o direcionamento das frentes de lavra. No contato norte do maciço... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The Capão Bonito Granitic Massif is located in the southwestern of São Paulo state and is related to the evolution neoprotherozoic of the Mantiqueira Central Province. Its rocks outcrop along the edge of the Paraná Basin in a body with elongated major axis shows the general direction of NE-SW, covering an area of approximately 110km2. Occurs intrusive on epi-metamorphic rocks of the Votuverava Formation, Açungui Group and granitic rocks of the Três Córregos Complex and their placement is related to a ruptile tectonics of shear zones in NE-SW direction. The south contact is limited by the failure of the Alves district comprising Quarenta Oitava shear zone and normal contacts with the metasedimentary rocks. The western and northwestern contacts occur, with granitic rocks of the Três Córregos Granitic Complex from the Capão Bonito failure or Itapirapuã shear zone, and also perform contact with the metasedimentary rocks of Votuverava Formation. In the metasediments, when preserved the features of deformation imposed by mylonitic deformation, to preserve texture and mineralogy of contact metamorphism with development of minerals in the albite-epidote facies and hornblende hornfels. The central region and north of the massif are characterized by a flattened area forming a plateau between the strong from the mountains with few outcrops in the form of boulders exposed. The south and the extreme NW contacts of the body have become more steep and are more dissected and eroded, presenting numerous exhibitions lithology with the massive wealth of exposed boulders and flagstones or less thick soil cover, contributing thus to the direction of the quarries. In the north contact of the massif rocks, are small pits or rock exposures associated mainly with the headwaters of drainages, because they have... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Carlin, Aline de Cássia. "Características petrográficas e químicas das rochas encaixantes das mineralizações auríferas do depósito Lavra Velha (região de Ibitiara, borda oeste da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia) /." Rio Claro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144713.
Full textBanca: Antenor Zanardo
Banca: Gergely Andres Julio Szabó
Resumo: O depósito de ouro Lavra Velha, que pertence ao Alvo de Prospecção Lavra Velha, da empresa Yamana Gold, localiza-se na cidade de Ibitiara, centro-oeste do Estado da Bahia e borda oeste do domínio fisiográfico da Chapada Diamantina, situado no Aulacógeno do Paramirim, na região norte do Cráton São Francisco. O depósito foi recentemente inserido na classe de modelo IOCG (Iron Oxide Cooper Gold), onde a mineralização de ouro se hospeda em brechas hematíticas sericitizadas. O principal objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar química e petrograficamente as rochas encaixantes do depósito Lavra Velha, cujas litologias predominantes são metatonalitos e meta-quartzo diorito. Estas rochas encontram-se completamente alteradas, com atuação dos processos hidrotermais predominando sobre a deformação de baixo strain, resultando em intensa sericitização e formação de óxidos de ferro, além de cloritização, epidotização, carbonatação e, localmente, albitização. A análise petrográfica, suportada pela análise química, sugere que as rochas encaixantes são correspondentes alteradas do Granitoide Ibitiara, metamorfizadas, deformadas e alteradas hidrotermalmente. O Granitoide Ibitiara e o Granito Matinos apresentam comportamento de magmatismo misto e afinidade para ambiente de arco magmático (sin-colisional) ou orogênico, com idades correlatas ao ciclo orogênico Transamazônico. A intrusão do Granitoide Ibitiara ocorre, provavelmente, em ambiente mais raso da crosta, sugerindo que fluidos hidrotermais ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The Lavra Velha gold deposit, which belongs to the prospecting target "Lavra Velha" of the Yamana Gold Company, is located in Ibitiara, Bahia's central west and the western edge of the physiographic domain of the Chapada Diamantina, situated in Paramirim aulaconge, in northern of São Francisco Craton. The deposit was recently insert into the IOCG model class (Iron Oxide Cooper Gold), where the gold mineralization is hosted at hematite sericitic breccias. The main objective of the study was the chemical and petrographic characterization of the host rocks of the Lavra Velha deposit, whose predominant lithologies are meta-tonalites and metaquartz diorite. These rocks are completely altered due to hydrothermal process, that predominates under the deformation at low-strain rate, resulting in intense sericitization and iron oxide formation, also chloritization, epidotization, carbonatation and, locally, albitization. The petrographic analysis, supported by chemical analysis, suggests that the host rocks correspond to metamorphosed, deformed and hydrothermalized portion of Ibitiara Granitoid. The Ibitiara Granitoid and Matinos Granite show behaviors of mixed magmatism and also affinity for arc magmatic (syn-collisional) or orogenic ambient with correlative age to the Transamazônico Cycle. The Ibitiara Granitoid intrusion probably occurs at a shallower crust environment, suggesting that the hydrothermal and mineralizer fluids are later. In spite of the Lavra Velha deposit has being classified as IOCG's class, the tectonic, structural and hydrothermal analysis suggests that the gold mineralization has originated during Espinhaço basin later deformation stage, related to inversion of the Paramirim aulacogen
Mestre
Luciano, Rejane Lima. "Petrografia e geoquímica das rochas metacarbonatíticas do complexo Angico dos Dias, divisa Bahia/Piauí, Brasil /." Rio Claro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138310.
Full textBanca: Antonio Carlos Artur
Banca: Marcos Aurélio Farias de Oliveira
Banca: Larissa Marques de Araújo
Banca: Fábio Machado Braz
Resumo: Este trabalho verificou que as rochas metacarbonatíticas do Complexo Metacarbonatítico de Angico dos Dias (CMCAD), constituídas principalmente por calcita, apatita, olivina, flogopita e magnetita dispõem-se em dois conjuntos: um localizado na mina de fosfato da Galvani (corpo principal, Campo Alegre de Lourdes-BA) e o outro na Fazenda Pimenteira (Caracol-PI). Variação no conteúdo de apatita, minerais ferro-magnesianos e magnetita configura um acamadamento cumulático e permite individualizar cinco fácies petrográficas (contatos graduais). Além disso, exibem manto intempérico, que resulta no minério de fosfato residual (apatitito). Registram pelo menos três fases deformacionais marcadas por estruturas primárias (acamamento reliquiar - S0) que devido aos processos de transposição (D1) da foliação S1 e da deformação D2 associada às zonas de cavalgamento (S2) se mantêm de forma escassa nas áreas menos deformadas. D2 evolui para um bandamento tectônico vertical (S3) nas zonas de cisalhamento (D3). Dados isotópicos indicam que as rochas metacarbonatíticas, datadas em 2.011±6Ma (U-PB em badeleíta e zircão), originaram-se de uma fonte mantélica enriquecida e que o enriquecimento em 18O é reflexo do reequilíbrio durante o metamorfismo/ hidrotermalismo relacionado ao Evento Brasiliano. Dados petrográficos e de química mineral apontam: que a olivina altera para serpentina, tremolita, antofilita e magnetita; que é comum a exsolução de dolomita em calcitas e de ilmenita em magnetitas e; que os carbonatitos foram parcialmente silicificados. As demais rochas do CMCAD, milonitizadas e metamorfizadas em fácies anfibolito alto (mesopertitas), exibem processo de potassificação (fenitização), metassienito e metassienogranito, além de processos de sericitização, saussuritização e epidotização dos plagioclásios ... (Resumo completo clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This study found that the metacarbonatite rocks of the Angico dos Dias Metacarbonatite Complex (CMCAD), consisting mainly of calcite, apatite, olivine, phlogopite and magnetite are arranged in two sets: one located at the phosphate mine Galvani (main body, Campo Alegre de Lourdes-BA) and the other at the Farm Pimenteira (Caracol-PI). Variation in the content of apatite, iron-magnesium minerals and magnetite sets up a cumulatic layering and allows individualize five petrographic facies (gradual contacts). Furthermore, exhibit weathering mantle, which results in the residual phosphate ore (apatite-rock). Register at least three deformational phases marked by primary structures (layering reliquiar - S0) that due to the transposition process (D1) of the foliation S1 and D2 deformation associated with thrust zones (S2) remain scantily the least deformed areas. D2 evolves into a tectonic vertical banding (S3) in the shear zones (D3). Isotopic data indicate that metacarbonatite rocks, dated at 2,011 ± 6Ma (U-PB in baddeleyite and zircon), originated from a mantle source enriched and the enrichment in 18O reflects the rebalancing during metamorphism/hydrothermalism related the Brasiliano Event. Petrography and mineral chemistry data point: the olivine changes to serpentine, tremolite, anthophyllite and magnetite; which it is common to exsolution of dolomite in calcite and ilmenite in magnetite and; that carbonatites were partially silicified. The other rocks CMCAD, mylonite and metamorphosed to amphibolite facies high (perthites) exhibit potassification process (fenitization), metasyenite and metasyenogranite, and sericitization, saussuritization and epidotization processes of plagioclase. The metasomatic/hydrothermal event (medium to high greenschist facies) has regional character and reaches beyond CMCAD rocks the rocks of ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Santos, Laerte Rodrigo. "Petrologia do Stock Canindé Velho, sistema orogênico sergipano, NE Brasil." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2016. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5394.
Full textThe Canindé Velho Stock is a monzonitic intrusion with 6 km2 and with UPbShirimp age of 640 ± 4 Ma occurring in the far northeastern Sergipe Orogenic System in Canindé Domain next to the Xingó dam. It is intrusive in the granitic terrain of Curralinho Suite. Its contacts are intrusive and controlled by fractures. It was identified in that stock, the presence of biotite hornblende quartz monzodiorite rocks, hornblende biotite quartz diorite and an enclave that has composition of biotite diorite. These rocks show no evidence of metamorphism, but have structures and igneous textures interpreted as posttectonic. The predominant mafic minerals hornblende, biotite and the diopside. The mineral chemistry identified the crystals present as diopside with restricted composition (0.62
Amores, Casals Sandra. "Evolución metalogenética de complejos carbonatíticos en contexto hipoabisal y plutónico: Bonga y Monte Verde (Angola)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666643.
Full textPaixão, Marco Antônio Pires. "Complexo ofiolítico Quatipuru, Pará, Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2009. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/4205.
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Os tratos oceânicos existentes entre os blocos continentais descendentes do supercontinente Rodínia são registrados na Faixa Araguaia por meio de corpos ofiolíticos. Tais corpos frequentemente não apresentam a clássica pseudo-estratigrafia de ofiolitos, sendo representados principalmente por peridotitos mantélicos serpentinizados e derrames basálticos. Dois dos maiores e mais bem preservados complexos ofiolíticos da Faixa Araguaia, o Complexo Quatipuru e o Complexo Morro do Agostinho compreendem uma associação de peridotitos serpentinizados e pillow-lavas basálticas. A sequência mantélica é composta por um arranjo interacamadado de harzburgito e dunito. Tais rochas abrigam uma suíte de diques e sills piroxeníticos e gabróicos, além de pods de cromitito com texturas nodulares e envelopes duníticos, típicos de complexos ofiolíticos. As relações litoestruturais entre os peridotitos mantélicos, a suíte de diques e os pods de cromitito apontam uma associação característica da zona de transição de Moho, e relatam uma história de múltiplos estágios magmáticos e tectônicos operantes durante a edificação de litosfera oceânica. Estudos de litogeoquímica e química mineral demonstram a natureza depletada e residual dos peridotitos, bem como sua similaridade com peridotitos do tipo MORB e/ou de SSZ (supra-subduction zone). A cromita dos cromititos é do tipo alto-Al com baixos teores de EGP, sugerindo filiação de líquidos MORB, formados em zona de expansão oceânica sobre uma zona de subducção (SSZ), à semelhança de outras sequências ofiolíticas da América do Sul e Central. Dados isotópicos de Sm-Nd corroboram o caráter MORB desta seqüência ofiolítica, dado por valores positivos de εNd de basaltos (εNd= +5) e diques gabróicos (εNd= + 6,7) que cortam os peridotitos. Tais diques foram utilizados na obtenção de uma idade isocrônica Sm-Nd de 757± 49 Ma, que marca o estágio de oceanização da Faixa Araguaia. O ambiente tectônico inferido para a associação espacial de peridotitos mantélicos e pillow-lavas do Complexo Quatipuru-Morro do Agostinho é uma zona de expansão oceânica próxima a uma zona de falha transformante, a exemplo de associações semelhantes descritas em litosfera oceânica moderna (e. g., falhas transformantes de Terevaka e Garrett). A obducção desta litosfera oceânica em terrenos da Faixa Araguaia constitui-se como marcador de zonas de sutura na amalgamação do paleocontinente Gondwana Oeste. A similaridade de terrenos da Faixa Araguaia com sua extensão sul que bordeja o Cráton Amazônico, a Faixa Paraguai, juntamente com suas contrapartes em território africano e sul-americano, a Faixa Mauritanides-Bassarides-Rokelides e a Faixa Pampeana, respectivamente, demonstra que tais faixas são cronocorrelatas e co-partícipes da evolução de ciclos de fragmentação e edificação de paleocontinentes. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The oceanic realms present between crustal blocks descendents of the Rodinia supercontinent are recorded in the Araguaia Belt by the presence of ophiolite bodies. These bodies frequently do not present the classic ophiolite pseudo-stratigraphy; rather they are mainly represented by serpentinized mantle peridotites and basaltic lavas. Two of the largest and better preserved ophiolite complexes in the Araguaia Belt, the Quatipuru and the Morro do Agostinho complexes are comprised of serpentinized peridotites and basaltic pillow lavas. The mantle sequence is composed of an interlayered arrangement of harzburgite and dunite. These sequences host a suite of pyroxenitic and gabbroic dikes and sills, in addition to chromitite pods with nodular textures and dunitic envelopes typical of ophiolite complexes. The lithostructural relationship among the mantle peridotites, the suite of dikes and sills, and chromitite pods is a characteristic association indicative of the Moho Transition Zone and reveals a history of multiple magmatic and tectonic stages during the development of the oceanic lithosphere in the Araguaia Belt. Lithogeochemistry and mineral chemistry demonstrate the depleted and residual nature of the peridotites, as well as its similarity with MORB and/or SSZ peridotites. Chromite from the chromitites is high-Al type-ophiolite with low tenors of PGE, suggesting derivative MORB magmas formed in a spreading center in a supra-subduction zone, similar to South and Central America ophiolite sequences. Sm-Nd isotopic data also demonstrate the MORB character of this ophiolitic sequence, as indicated by positive values of εNd from basalts (εNd = +5) and gabbroic dikes (εNd = + 6.7) that cut the peridotites. Samples from dikes resulted in a Sm-Nd isochron of 757± 49 Ma age, dating the oceanization stage of the Araguaia belt. The tectonic setting inferred from the spatial association of mantle peridotites and pillow lavas of the Quatipuru-Morro do Agostinho complexes resemble an oceanic spreading centre close to a transform fault, as exemplified by similar associations described in modern oceanic lithosphere (e. g. Terevaka and Garrett transform faults). The obduction of this oceanic lithosphere in the Araguaia Belt terrains constitutes a suture zone marker in the amalgamation of the West Gondwana paleocontinent. The similarity between the terrains of the Araguaia Belt and its southern extension the Paraguai Belt, both bordering the Amazonian Craton, and their West African and south American counterparts, the Mauritanides-Bassarides-Rokelides and Pampeana belts, respectively, demonstrates that the belts are probably contemporaneous and co-participants during fragmentation and amalgamation cycles in the evolutionary history of paleocontinents, i.e. the ties that bind.
SILVA, Mauricio Pavan. "Modelagem termodinâmica de fusão parcial e metamorfismo em condições de fácies granulito: exemplo do Complexo Itatins, SP." reponame:Repositório Institucional da CPRM, 2017. http://rigeo.cprm.gov.br/jspui/handle/doc/20187.
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Correia, Ciro Teixeira. "Petrologia do complexo máfico-ultramáfico de Cana Brava, Goiás." Universidade de São Paulo, 1994. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44135/tde-04102013-151926/.
Full textThe anorogenic Cana Brava Complex is a stratiform mafic-ultramafic body originated from the fractional crystallization of a olivine-tholeitic magma. Field relationships indicate that the parental magma intruded rocks of the palmeirópolis volcano-sedimentary sequence, which has been previously deformed and metamorphosed. The original igneous stratigraphic sequence can be reconstructed as follows: microgabbros, peridotites, websterites and gabros (from the bottom to the top). Geochemical and petrologic data indicate that the magmatic crystallization occurred at pressures below 7 Kbar. Taking into account the phase reequilibrations, the deformation pattern and the isotopic data, the evolution of the Complex can be interpreted as follows: a) separation of magma from the mantle and sub-lithosferic or sub-crustal settling between 2.25 and 2.62 Ga; b) emplacement into the Palmeirópolis Sequence and subsequent final crystallization in at about 2.0 Ga . The available data indicate that the intrusion occurred in a extensional environment related to a crustal rifting; c) main metamorphic episode and deformation, during compressive tectonism at about 1.3 Ga ; d) subsequent metamorphic recrystallizations at lower temperatures during the Brasiliano cycle. The metamorphic events affected the original igneous stratigraphic sequence, which is actually made up by: amphibolytes, serpentinites, metawebsterites and metagabbros (from bottom to top).
SILVA, NETO Juvenal Juarez Andrade da. "Petrologia e geocronologia do magmatismo granítico do Cinturão Araguaia." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/9850.
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CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Na porção leste do Cinturão Araguaia (CA), Estado do Tocantins, são identificados corpos graníticos de dimensões relativamente pequenas, merecendo destaque os plútons Ramal do Lontra (GRL), Presidente Kennedy (GPK), Barrolândia (GBR) e Santa Luzia (GSL), os quais são o registro de um importante evento de granitogênese relacionado à evolução do CA no fim do Neoproterozoico. As poucas ocorrências conhecidas e os dados geológicos existentes sobre esses corpos não estavam sistematizados e organizados de maneira que possibilitasse uma compreensão integral e correlativa das várias áreas onde esses granitos afloram. Vale ressaltar que, embora este magmatismo seja espacialmente pouco representativo, ele tem grande importância para o entendimento da evolução crustal do CA, pois, seu alojamento estaria relacionado à fase principal do metamorfismo regional, tendo em vista que os corpos ocorrem nos domínios de maior grau metamórfico desta unidade geotectônica. Este trabalho está voltado à interpretação petrológica e à geocronologia do magmatismo granítico do Cinturão Araguaia, tendo em vista o seu conhecimento não-articulado e seu importante significado geotectônico na evolução desse segmento crustal, a partir da caracterização petrográfica e litogeoquímica desses corpos; da definição da idade dos episódios magmáticos que formaram esses granitos através da datação U-Pb em zircão; e da investigação das possíveis fontes e tempos de residência crustal através de idades modelo TDM (Sm-Nd) e parâmetro Nd. Os granitos estudados constituem stocks em formas levemente ovaladas com dimensões variáveis entre 3 a 6 km no eixo maior por 2-4 km, encaixados em micaxistos e quartzitos do Grupo Estrondo. Em campo, notaram-se algumas feições importantes como a ausência de metamorfismo de contato e de xenólitos nas encaixantes, inexistência de margens de resfriamento no corpo, presença de pequenas massas graníticas nos xistos encaixantes e concordância estrutural entre as foliações das encaixantes e do corpo granítico. Esses corpos são caracterizados petrograficamente como metagranitos de duas micas com pequenas variações mineralógicas, pobres em minerais máficos (<6%), hololeucocráticos, equigranulares de granulação média, apresentando texturas granoblásticas, predominantemente, com textura reliquiar granular hipidiomórfica. No diagrama QAP de Streckeisen os corpos GRL, GBR e GSL plotam dominantemente no campo do monzogranito, ou na fronteira dos campos monzogranito a granodiorito, enquanto o GPK no campo do granodiorito. O conteúdo mineralógico essencial é formado por oligoclásio, quartzo e microclina, seguido de biotita e muscovita, e os minerais acessórios reúnem apatita, zircão, alanita, granada, monazita e minerais opacos. Do ponto de vista geoquímico, os granitos desses quatro corpos são muito similares, mostrando riqueza em SiO2, variando entre 71 e 74% e em Al2O3, 13 a 15%. Os teores de Na2O e K2O são levemente maiores no GRL e no GPK, o que provavelmente reflete na relação A/CNK que os enquadra como os tipos mais peraluminosos. Os teores de MgO, TiO2, Fe2O3Total e CaO são, no geral, baixos, o que indica tratar-se de granitos pouco fracionados. O estudo dos elementos-traços mostrou que há pequenas variações composicionais entre as rochas dos diferentes corpos. O comportamento dos ETR demonstrou um fracionamento médio a acentuado dos leves em relação aos pesados com razão (La/Yb)N igual a 11,8-72,8 e pequenas anomalias negativas de Eu (Eu/Eu*= 0,5-1,3). Nos diagramas de discriminação de ambiente tectônico os granitos situam-se dominantemente no campo sin-colisional. Os estudos geocronológicos realizados pelo método U-Pb em zircão via SHRIMP, forneceram idades médias de 542,7 ± 1,9 Ma (GPK), 541,5 ± 1,8 Ma (GBR) e 546,4 ± 2,3 Ma (GSL); interpretadas como as idades de cristalização do zircão, permitindo, assim, posicioná-los no final do Neoproterozoico. A idade obtida no GRL foi de 615,7 ± 26 Ma, o que destoa dos dados já conhecidos e merecerá reanálise dos dados. Os resultados isotópicos de Sm-Nd para os quatro corpos graníticos forneceram idades modelo (TDM) que variam de 1,69 a 1,84 Ga e valores de Nd negativos entre -12,18 e -6,21. No diagrama Nd vs. tempo, as amostras indicam uma fonte dominantemente crustal de idade estateriana para os magmas parentais. A análise integrada dos dados de campo, petrográficos, geoquímicos e geocronológicos, permite afirmar que, os plútons graníticos estudados são correlatos, tendo sua origem associada a um mesmo evento de granitogênese; as idades U-Pb em zircão de 541 a 546 Ma, interpretadas como idades de cristalização dos granitos GPK, GBR e GSL, estão relacionadas à fase principal do metamorfismo do CA; o alojamento desses corpos está associado à fase orogenética colisional do CA no fim do Neoproterozoico; os dados de Sm-Nd sugerem que a geração destes granitos pode estar relacionada a processos de anatexia de duas fontes crustais distintas, propiciando a agregação de líquidos graníticos, ascensão e o alojamento tardio desses magmas à tectônica principal do Cinturão Araguaia.
In the eastern region of the Araguaia Belt (AB), in Tocantins State, four relatively small granitic bodies are identified: Ramal do Lontra (GRL), Presidente Kennedy (GPK), Barrolândia (GBR) e Santa Luzia (GSL). These rocks represent the record of an important granitogenesis event that is related to the evolution of the AB at the later Neoproterozoic. The few geological data on these bodies were poorly organized which precluded an integrated understanding and the correlation with other outcropping areas. This magmatism is not spatially very representative, but it is important due to the relationship of the granitic emplacement with the main phase of the regional metamorphism. This work is focused on the petrological and geochronological interpretation of granitic magmatism of the AB, especially on the petrographic and geochemical characterization of the main bodies, definition of ages of the magmatic episodes by zircon U-Pb dating and investigation of sources and time of crustal residence by TDM model ages (Sm-Nd) and Nd values. The studied bodies comprise stocks with slightly oval shapes and size that varies from 3 to 6 km on the major axis and 2-8 km on the smaller one, which are emplaced on micaxistes and quartzites of the Estrondo Group. In field stage, some important features were noted, such as the lack of the contact metamorphism and xenoliths on the country rocks, as well as the lack of the cooling borders, presence of granitic portions on the country rocks and the structural concordance between the foliations of the country rocks and the granitic body. The rocks were classified as two-mica meta-granites with low mineralogical variation, low mafic mineral content (<6%), hololeucocratic, medium grained and equigranular features, and granoblastic and relic granular hypidiomorphic textures. On the QAP diagram, the GRL, GBR and GSL plotted on the monogranite field or on the limits between the monzogranite and granodiorite fields, whereas, the GPK felt on the granodiorite field. The essential mineralogical content is formed by oligoclase, quartz and microcline, followed by biotite and muscovite. The accessory minerals are represented by apatite, zircon, allanite, garnet, monazite and opaque minerals. The granitic rocks are geochemically similar with SiO2 content from 71% to 74%, and Al2O3 between 13% and 15%. The Na2O and K2O contents are slightly higher in the GRL and GPK, which reflect on the A/CNK ratio, plotting on the peraluminous field. The low content of MgO, Fe2O3Total and CaO indicate these rocks are low fractionated. The trace elements also pointed out small compositional variations on the rocks of the different bodies. The REE patters demonstrated a medium to strong fractionation of the light REE in relation to the heavy REE, showing (La/Yb)N values between 11.8 and 72.8 and week Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.5-1.3). The zircon U-Pb dating by SHRIMP reveled ages of 542.7 ± 1.9 Ma (GPK), 541.5 ± 1.8 Ma (GBR) and 546.4 ± 2.3 Ma (GSL). These ages were interpreted as zircon crystallization at the later Neoproterozoic. The age obtained for the GRL was slightly older (615,7 ± 26 Ma) with a higher MSWD errors. The Sm-Nd isotopic results for the four bodies reveled TDM model ages between 1.69 and 1.84 Ga and Nd values from -12.18 to -6.21. On the Nd versus time diagram, the plots indicate a dominantly Statherian crustal sources for the parental magmas. The integrated data analysis allows us to suggest that the granitic bodies are correlated, which their origin is associated to a same granitogenesis event. The U-Pb ages between 541 and 546 Ma, interpreted as crystallization of the GPK, GBR and GSL, are related to the main metamorphic phase of the AB. The emplacement of this bodies is associated to the orogenic collisional phase of the AB at the later Neoproterozoic. The Sm-Nd data suggest that the studied rocks were generated by anatexia of at least two different sources, which favored the aggregation of granitic melts, rising and late emplacement of these magma at the main phase of the Araguaia Belt.
Grasso, Carla Bertuccelli. "Petrologia do complexo alcalino-carbonatítico de Serra Negra, MG." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2007. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/8446.
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O complexo alcalino-carbonatítico de Serra Negra localiza-se na região de Patrocínio - MG, aproximadamente a 600 km de Brasília. Sua intrusão em rochas metassedimentares da Faixa Brasília deformou as encaixantes e gerou uma conspícua estrutura dômica circular. Com cerca de 10 km de diâmetro, é o maior e, até então, menos conhecido complexo da Província Ígnea do Alto Paranaíba (APIP). O complexo é formado por cerca de 70% de dunitos, que ocorrem a partir do contato externo com o quartzito encaixante, até o centro do domo. Nas porções central e norte do complexo encontram-se duas intrusões de magnesiocarbonatito. O alojamento dessas intrusões causou auréolas de brechação nos dunitos encaixantes. No interior da intrusão setentrional foram delimitadas duas regiões com predomínio de veios e diques de calciocarbonatito. Dentro desses domínios foram identificados apatita calciocarbonatitos, que gradam localmente para cumulados foscoríticos bandados. Com menos frequência, cumulados foscoríticos também estão associados aos magnesiocarbonatitos da intrusão setentrional. Perovskita bebedouritos ocorrem nas bordas das intrusões de magnesiocarbonatito. Foram encontrados também diques de traquito porfirítico e de flogopita picritos cortando as rochas do complexo. Os diques de flogopita picrito encontrados em Serra Negra apresentam grande afinidade geoquímica com outros flogopita picritos e kamafugitos da APIP. Sua composição química e isotópica indica que essas rochas representam o líquido mais primitivo de Serra Negra. Os dunitos resultaram diretamente do fracionamento de olivina desse magma parental. Em conseqüência, o magma residual tornou-se gradualmente enriquecido em CO2, acarretando a saturação nesse componente e a separação de um par imiscível silicático-carbonatítico. Os perovskita bebedouritos são cumulados ricos em perovskita cristalizados a partir do líquido imiscível silicático, enquanto os magnesiocarbonatitos representam seu par conjugado carbonatítico. Os magnesiocarbonatitos evoluem, por cristalização fracionada, dando origem a cumulados foscoríticos precoces e cumulados magnesiocarbonatíticos tardios. A intrusão central de magnesiocarbonatito é formada principalmente por cumulados de flotação, geralmente com elevado conteúdo de Ba, que foram extraídos do líquido residual magnesiocarbonatítico e representam membros tardios da série carbonatítica. Por outro lado, os relativamente altos valores de δ18O observados em algumas amostras são sugestivos de alteração metassomática localizada, possivelmente com a introdução de Ba nessas rochas. A acumulação dos perovskita bebedouritos levou a um contínuo enriquecimento em SiO2 e CO2 no líquido residual, acarretando um segundo evento de imiscibilidade de líquidos silicato-carbonático. O líquido silicático gerado neste evento foi félsico e deu origem aos traquitos, que representam os membros mais evoluídos da série bebedourítica. Seu conjugado imiscível é calciocarbonatítico, que originou os apatita calciocarbonatitos e foscoritos por acumulação de cristais. Com a extração dessas rochas, o magma evoluiu para um líquido calciocarbonatítico residual, que cristalizou como calciocarbonatitos relativamente puros. Os dados obtidos neste trabalho indicam que todas as rochas do complexo de Serra Negra apresentam uma conexão genética, relacionadas entre si por processos como cristalização fracionada e imiscibilidade de líquidos. Tais processos de diferenciação magmática são frequentemente evidenciados na geração de diversos outros complexos alcalino-carbonatíticos e contribuem de forma decisiva na geração dessas rochas e das mineralizações associadas. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The Serra Negra alkaline-carbonatite complex is located in the western portion of the Minas Gerais State, approximately 600 km from Brasilia. The complex intrudes metasedimentary rocks of the Brasília mobile belt, which are deformed into a conspicuous dome structure. With ca.10 km in diameter, this is the largest and least known alkaline-carbonatite complex in the Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province (APIP). The complex consists of ca. 70% of dunite, which occurs from the external contact with the quartzite country rock to near the center of the dome. Two magnesiocarbonatite bodies intrude the central and northern portions of the complex respectively, causing brecciation of the previously formed dunites. Within the northern intrusion there are two small regions with predominance of calciocarbonatite veins and dikes. Within these areas, apatite calciocarbonatites grade into phoscorite cumulates, defining a magmatic banding. Subordinate phoscorite cumulates also occur associated with the northern magnesiocarbonatite intrusion. Perovskite bebedourites are spatially associated with both the northern and central magnesiocarbonatites intrusions. Phlogopite picrite and porphyritic trachyte dikes cut the other alkaline rock-types. The phlogopite picrite dikes found in Serra Negra have strong geochemical affinity with other phlogopite picrites and kamafugites from the APIP. Their chemical and isotopic composition indicate that these rocks represent the most primitive magma in the Serra Negra complex. The Serra Negra dunites are a direct result of olivine fractionation from the parental magma, which became gradually enriched in CO2, until saturation in this component led the separation of immiscible silicate-carbonatite liquids. The perovskite bebedourites are the result of perovskite accumulation from the silicate immiscible liquid, whereas magnesiocarbonatites represent the carbonatite conjugate. The magnesiocarbonatites evolved by fractional crystallization, yielding early phoscorite cumulates and late magnesiocarbonatite cumulates. The central magnesiocarbonatite intrusion is formed mainly by flotation cumulates, usually with high Ba content, which were extracted from a residual magnesiocarbonatite liquid and represent a late member of the carbonatite-series rocks. However, the δ18O in high-Ba magnesiocarbonatites suggests localized metasomatic alteration, possibly with introduction of Ba in these rocks. The accumulation of perovskite bebedourites led to a continuous enrichment in SiO2 and CO2 in the residual silicate liquid, resulting in a second immiscibility event, at a more evolved stage in the evolution of the complex. The silicate immiscible liquid generated in this event was felsic and crystallized as trachytes, which represent the most evolved members of the bebedourite-series rocks. The carbonate-rich conjugate formed the apatite-calciocarbonatite, and fractionated to produce phoscorite cumulates, and a calciocarbonatite residuum. The evidence obtained in this work suggests that the different rock-types in the Serra Negra complex are genetically tied to the phlogopite picrite parental magma, but evolved through a complex combination of distinct petrogenetic processes, such as crystal fractionation and liquid immiscibility. These processes are often evidenced in the generation of several other alkaline-carbonatite complexes and play a decisive role in the generation of these rocks and the associated mineralization.
Scheibe, Luiz Fernando. "Geologia e petrologia do distrito alcalino de Lages, SC." São Paulo (SP), 1986. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/75351.
Full textSaar, Lara Cínthia Arndt [UNESP]. "Avaliação dos granitos Giallo São Francisco Real, Branco Dallas e Branco Marfim, do muncípio de Barra de São Francisco/ES para aplicação como rocha ornamental e de revestimento." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92939.
Full textO setor de rochas ornamentais atinge consumidores cada vez mais exigentes por qualidade tornando evidente o incremento, na demanda por qualificação destes materiais pétreos, sustentado pela busca por soluções tecnológicas que os adéquem ao uso. Com o objetivo de agregar conhecimento técnico aos estudos das jazidas de rochas ornamentais no Estado do Espírito Santo, enfatiza-se a contextualização geológica e tecnológica de três dos principais tipos litológicos utilizados como rocha ornamental, extraídos no município de Barra de São Francisco, conhecidos comercialmente como Giallo São Francisco Real, Branco Marfim e Branco Dallas. Os tipos litológicos são definidos como sienogranitos peraluminosos do Tipo S, de idade neoproterozóica, pertencentes à Suíte Carlos Chagas. Ocorrem intrusivos em sillimanita-granada-biotita gnaisses e/ou migmatitos bandados a acamados do Complexo Nova Venécia. Observa-se, próximo aos contatos com as rochas encaixantes ou a partir de megaxenólitos migmatíticos, quando parcialmente consumidos, a imposição aos leuco- sienogranitos de feições texturais de consumo e/ou mistura diversas, como composições mais máficas e maiores concentrações de granada ou desenvolvimento de schlieren constituídos por concentrações principalmente de minerais máficos. A deformação milonítica impõe a estas rochas um bandamento tectônico definido pela alternância de bandas micáceas e quartzofeldspáticas (predominantes) e por feições texturais porfiroclásticas com porcentagem e intensidade variáveis de feldspato potássico e granadas, originando os subtipos rochosos. São constituídos por quartzo, microclínio, oligoclásio, biotita e muscovita, podendo ocorrer sillimanita, granada, minerais acessórios como apatita, titanita, zircão e minerais opacos...
The ornamental industry reaches consumers more and more demanding quality by making evident the increment in demand for skills these stone materials, supported by the search for technological solutions that suit the use. With the objective to aggregate technical expertise to the study of deposits of dimensional stones in the State of Espírito Santo, emphasizes the contextualization geological and technological background of three major rock types used as dimension stone, taken in the town of Barra de São Francisco, known commercially Giallo São Francisco Real, Branco Marfim e Branco Dallas.. The rock types are defined as syenogranites peraluminous S Type of Neoproterozoic age, belonging to Carlos Chagas Suite. Intrusive occur in sillimanite-garnet-biotite gneisses and / or the bedridden banded migmatite Complex Nova Venécia. It is observed next to contacts with the host rocks or from migmatitic megaxenólitos when partially consumed, the imposition of the leuco-syenogranites textural features of consumption and / or mixing different, such as more mafic compositions and higher concentrations of garnet or schlieren develop composed concentrations of mafic minerals. The deformation imposes on these mylonitic rocks a tectonic banding defined by alternating bands of mica and quartzfeldspar (predominant) and textural features porfiroblásticas with percentage and intensity of K-feldspar and grenades, causing subtypes rocky. They are composed of quartz, microcline, oligoclase, biotite and muscovite may occur sillimanite, garnet, accessory minerals such as apatite, titanite, zircon and opaque minerals. Imposed the minerals main features are observed superimposed retrometamórficas milonítico the event with the generation of chlorite, epidote, sericite, opaque minerals and clay minerals... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Lima, Maria Angélica Batista [UNESP]. "Estudo do comportamento dos gnaisses Casablanca, Juparaná Delicato e Giallo Falésia (Ceará - Brasil) em atmosfera salina." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102989.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Nesta pesquisa procurou-se simular as condições de atmosfera quimicamente agressiva (atmosfera marinha) por meio da exposição dos gnaisses Casablanca, Juparaná Delicato e Giallo Falésia em duas distintas câmaras climáticas de névoa salina, que permitiram a realização de ensaios do tipo contínuo e cíclico. Os ensaios tecnológicos de controle e as análises realizadas visaram à compreensão e interpretação das alterações observadas ao final dos respectivos tempos de exposição. Para escolha das propriedades tecnológicas avaliadas foram considerados os graus de influência e/ou de dependências no processo de alteração das rochas, bem como o espaço físico da câmara que delimitou as dimensões das amostras que foram expostas e o número de corpos-de-prova que foi ensaiado. No ensaio contínuo foi utilizada a câmara Modelo Bass USC com a temperatura mantida em (35±2)°C, a pressão de ar comprimido em 70 KPa e a solução de ensaio a 5% de NaCl com pH entre 6,5 e 7,2. O acervo exposto nesta câmara salina compreendeu então 73 (setenta e três) corpos-de-prova representando os três gnaisses que foram retirados ao final de 360, 720 e 1080 horas de exposição para realização de ensaios tecnológicos de controle, com a finalidade de monitorar qualitativamente as alterações ocorridas durante os respectivos períodos de exposições. No ensaio cíclico foi utilizada a câmara Modelo BASS MP-GS-01/2004, tendo sido composto por 30 ciclos onde foram alternadas 6 horas de névoa salina com 12 horas de secagem para cada ciclo concluído. Para este ensaio a temperatura foi mantida em (40±5)°C, a pressão de ar comprimido em 70 KPa e a solução de ensaio a 10% de NaCl com pH entre 6,5 e 7,2. O acervo exposto compreendeu 18 (dezoito) corpos-de-prova na forma de cubos com 5cm de arestas, representando os gnaisses Casablanca, Delicato e Falésia...
In this research, aggressive atmosphere conditions (marine atmosphere) were simulated using three commercial rock types (Casablanca, Delicato and Falésia). The gneisses were located in two different saline mist weathering chambers that operating in continuous and cyclical tests process type. The technological tests for control and analyses allowed the understanding and interpretation of the observed weathering processes after respective time of exposition of the stone. The choice of technological properties was guided by the influence and/or dependence degree of weathering processes with the saline chamber dimensions (influence on size and number of samples). The continuous test method have used a chamber Model Bass USC with the temperature kept in (35±2)°C, the air pressure compressed in 70 KPa and the saline solution (5% of NaCl) with pH values between 6.5 and 7.2. In that test, the gneisses were represented by 73 (seventy three) samples in the chambers that had been removed at the end of 360, 720 and 1080 hours of exposition hours to the control technological tests, in order to monitoring alterations occurred during the respective exposition. The cyclical test have used chamber Model BASS MP-GS- 01/2004. For this test, the samples passed by 30 cycles alternated with saline mist for 6 hours and 12 hours of drying for each concluded cycle. The temperature was kept in (40±5) °C, the air pressure compressed in 70 KPa and the saline solution (10% of NaCl) with pH between 6.5 and 7.2. In that test the gneisses were represented by 18 (eighteen) 5 cm cubic samples in the chambers. These samples had been removed after completing 15 cycles, for visual inspection and photographic register. After 30 cycles, the samples have been weighed in analytical scale and evaluated alterations during the respective exposition period. The two chosen ways (continuous and cyclic accelerated tests) allow... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Toledo, Sérgio Leandro Vieira de. "Caracterização e cronologia das tufas calcárias da fazenda Aurora, Ourolândia - BA /." Rio Claro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157383.
Full textCoorientador: Rosemeire Rohn
Banca: Paulo César Boggiani
Banca: Rogério Schiffer de Souza
Resumo: Este trabalho caracterizou e buscou a compor o quadro paleoambiental em que se formou o depósito paludal de tufas calcárias num pequeno paleovale (72.000 m²) na Fazenda Aurora, em Ourolândia, centro-norte do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Neste intuito, optou-se por uma abordagem multi-indicadores (multy-proxy), baseada na descrição e análise integrada da petrografia e ultraestruturas das tufas, além de dados de geoquímica isotópica de carbono e oxigênio e cronologia a partir de datações pelo método LOE (Luminescência Opticamente Estimulada). O depósito de Ourolândia é composto por tufas microdetríticas, com idade de 29.293±4.347 anos, desenvolvidas nas margens norte e sul, e tufas fitoermais do tipo boundstone e framestone, com idade de 16.631±4.319 anos, formadas sobre surgências alinhadas ao longo do fundo plano do paleovale. As tufas estudadas contêm moldes de plantas aquáticas, semiaquáticas e terrestres, além de abundantes moldes de cianobactérias das espécies cf. Phormidium incrustatum e cf. Phormidium foveolarum, que indicam evolução do sistema em condições de água rasa, doce e à temperatura ambiente. A excelente preservação de algumas tufas, de acordo com imagens de Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura, permitiu reconhecer Extracellular Polymeric Substances e a ultraestrutura dos carbonatos (desde nanocristais até microcolunas). Os valores isotópicos de δ13C indicam fonte predominante de carbono derivado de matéria orgânica vegetal, com contribuição de plantas C3 ligeiramen... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This research characterizes and reconstructs paleoenvironments of paludal tufas in a small paleovalley (72,000 m2) at Ourolândia, State of Bahia, Northeast Brazil, applying a multiproxy approach based on petrography and ultrastructure analyses, in addition to carbon and oxygen isotope geochemistry and tufa geochronology by Optically Stimulated Luminescence -OSL. The deposit consists of 29,293±4,347 microdetritic tufas, formed on the northern and southern margins, and 16,631±4,319 boundstone and framestone tufas, edified on aligned springs along the flat bottom of the paleovalley. The tufas contain aquatic, semi-aquatic and terrestrial plant molds, as well as abundant cyanobacterial molds of cf. Phormidium incrustatum and cf. Phormidium foveolarum, indicating the evolution of the system under shallow, fresh water conditions at ambient temperature. The preservation of some tufas on Scanning Electronic Microscope images enabled clear recognition of Extracellular Polymeric Substances and the ultrastructure of carbonates (from nanocrystals to microcolumns). The isotopic values of δ13C indicate a predominant source of carbon derived from organic matter, with a contribution of C3 plants possibly slightly higher than C4 plants in the second depositional event (-8.52 and -10.40 ‰ VPDB, respectively). The δ18O isotopic values suggest that the water in the paleoenvironment was mainly of meteoric origin and the pluviometric index was higher in the second depositional period (-4.41 and -6... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Saar, Lara Cínthia Arndt. "Avaliação dos "granitos" Giallo São Francisco Real, Branco Dallas e Branco Marfim, do muncípio de Barra de São Francisco/ES para aplicação como rocha ornamental e de revestimento /." Rio Claro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92939.
Full textBanca: Antonio Carlos Artur
Banca: Antenor Paraguassú
Resumo: O setor de rochas ornamentais atinge consumidores cada vez mais exigentes por qualidade tornando evidente o incremento, na demanda por qualificação destes materiais pétreos, sustentado pela busca por soluções tecnológicas que os adéquem ao uso. Com o objetivo de agregar conhecimento técnico aos estudos das jazidas de rochas ornamentais no Estado do Espírito Santo, enfatiza-se a contextualização geológica e tecnológica de três dos principais tipos litológicos utilizados como rocha ornamental, extraídos no município de Barra de São Francisco, conhecidos comercialmente como Giallo São Francisco Real, Branco Marfim e Branco Dallas. Os tipos litológicos são definidos como sienogranitos peraluminosos do Tipo S, de idade neoproterozóica, pertencentes à Suíte Carlos Chagas. Ocorrem intrusivos em sillimanita-granada-biotita gnaisses e/ou migmatitos bandados a acamados do Complexo Nova Venécia. Observa-se, próximo aos contatos com as rochas encaixantes ou a partir de megaxenólitos migmatíticos, quando parcialmente consumidos, a imposição aos leuco- sienogranitos de feições texturais de consumo e/ou mistura diversas, como composições mais máficas e maiores concentrações de granada ou desenvolvimento de schlieren constituídos por concentrações principalmente de minerais máficos. A deformação milonítica impõe a estas rochas um bandamento tectônico definido pela alternância de bandas micáceas e quartzofeldspáticas (predominantes) e por feições texturais porfiroclásticas com porcentagem e intensidade variáveis de feldspato potássico e granadas, originando os subtipos rochosos. São constituídos por quartzo, microclínio, oligoclásio, biotita e muscovita, podendo ocorrer sillimanita, granada, minerais acessórios como apatita, titanita, zircão e minerais opacos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The ornamental industry reaches consumers more and more demanding quality by making evident the increment in demand for skills these stone materials, supported by the search for technological solutions that suit the use. With the objective to aggregate technical expertise to the study of deposits of dimensional stones in the State of Espírito Santo, emphasizes the contextualization geological and technological background of three major rock types used as dimension stone, taken in the town of Barra de São Francisco, known commercially Giallo São Francisco Real, Branco Marfim e Branco Dallas.. The rock types are defined as syenogranites peraluminous S Type of Neoproterozoic age, belonging to Carlos Chagas Suite. Intrusive occur in sillimanite-garnet-biotite gneisses and / or the bedridden banded migmatite Complex Nova Venécia. It is observed next to contacts with the host rocks or from migmatitic megaxenólitos when partially consumed, the imposition of the leuco-syenogranites textural features of consumption and / or mixing different, such as more mafic compositions and higher concentrations of garnet or schlieren develop composed concentrations of mafic minerals. The deformation imposes on these mylonitic rocks a tectonic banding defined by alternating bands of mica and quartzfeldspar (predominant) and textural features porfiroblásticas with percentage and intensity of K-feldspar and grenades, causing subtypes rocky. They are composed of quartz, microcline, oligoclase, biotite and muscovite may occur sillimanite, garnet, accessory minerals such as apatite, titanite, zircon and opaque minerals. Imposed the minerals main features are observed superimposed retrometamórficas milonítico the event with the generation of chlorite, epidote, sericite, opaque minerals and clay minerals... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Cedeño, Daniel Grings. "Esmectitas dioctaédricas como transportadores de nitrogênio em zonas de subducção : uma visão experimental acerca da sua contribuição ao nitrogênio atmosférico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/156409.
Full textNitrogen composes around 78 wt% of Earth’s atmosphere and is a vital element for the construction and maintenance of life. However, the abundance of Earth’s atmospheric nitrogen is anomalous when compared to the one from other inner planets. This means that or accretion for these planets was different (which is unlikely) or Earth possesses a unique feature that allows the existence of large volumes of nitrogen in its atmosphere. Plate tectonics could be this feature, since it propitiates a direct connection between mantle and surface (at the same time that material is expelled by the mantle in to the surface, material is transported from the surface in to the mantle). In this context, these work objectives the understanding, through laboratoty simulations, the role of subduction zones in the global transport of nitrogen. For that, a material that simulates pelagic sediments (dioctahedral smectite) doped with ammonium (NH4-smectite) was subjected to a series of pressure and temperature conditions: from ambient pressure up to 7.7 GPa (equivalent to ~270 km depth) and temperatures varying between 200oC and 700oC. Experiments were performed in a 1000 tonf hydraulic press with coupled toroidal chambers and in a high temperature furnace and were analyzed by X ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and SE-SEM-EDS imaging. Additionally, the starting material was characterized by differential thermal analysis (DTA and CHN chemical analysis Results show that phase transformations suffered by NH4-smectite tend to preserve ammonium inside the mineral structure during subduction. Also, high-pressure ammonium bearing phases were observed (budingtonite at 7.7 GPa). It was perceived that the thermal setting of the subduction is fundamental for the efficiency of nitrogen’s transportation, as in hot subductions (young oceanic lithospheres subducting at low angle) partial melting with partial liberation of ammonium occur in relatively low pressures (~1 GPa, equivalent to 30 km depth). On the other hand, in cold subductions (ancient oceanic lithopsheres subducting at high angles) the material efficiently imprisons nitrogen until ~270 km depth (7.7 GPa).
Oliveira, Diego Skieresz de. "Geologia e petrologia das rochas riolíticas do Cerro Ana Dias, Região de Quitéria, Sudeste do RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/133185.
Full textNeoproterozoic volcanic and subvolcanic rhyolitic systems in southernmost Brazil are correlated with acid magmatism linked to different petrotectonic associations of the Sul-Rio-Grandense Shield. A portion of this volcanism in the Dom Feliciano Belt is associated with the Pelotas Batholith, which resulted from magmatic episodes associated with the Ediacaran post-collisional evolution of southern Brazil. Ana Dias Rhyolite is the main subvolcanic occurrence of this volcanism that took place in the Quitéria region, in the central part of Rio Grande do Sul State. The acid magmatism has been commonly associated with the most differentiated granite suite phases during the final stages of emplacement of the Pelotas Batholith. The Ana Dias Rhyolite is characterized as an intrusive body with rocks that present a porphyritic to seriated texture and a gradational variation to fine-grained equigranular rocks. New zircon U-Pb dating indicates crystallization age of 581.9 ± 1.9 Ma for the Ana Dias Rhyolite. Geochemistry data characterize the rhyolites as belonging to the alkaline series; they present a metaluminous to peraluminous character; elevated SiO2 and alkali concentrations, high FeOt/FeOt+MgO ratios and agpaitic index; and low Al2O3, CaO, and MgO contents. The Zr, Rb, Y, Nb, and Ga concentrations are moderate when compared with the relatively low Ba and Sr contents. These geochemistry characteristics are common in acid magmas with alkaline affinity. The behavior of certain trace elements and REE demonstrate enrichment in more incompatible elements, in addition to the negative anomaly of Ba, the slight enrichment in Ce relative to adjacent elements, as well as the enrichment in K2O and Rb relative to Nb, suggesting magmas derived from mantle sources enriched in incompatible elements with some crustal contamination. The chemical characteristics are similar to those of A-type granites associated with Neoproterozoic post-collision magmatism in the Sul-Rio-Grandense Shield.