To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: PETROLUM.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'PETROLUM'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'PETROLUM.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Wang, Yilin. "Simulation of fracture fluid cleanup and its effect on long-term recovery in tight gas reservoirs." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3222.
Full text
2
Sousa, Bruno Rangel de 1985. "Análise de teste em poços inclinados." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263149.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Rosângela Barros Zanoni Lopes MorenoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T10:32:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sousa_BrunoRangelde_M.pdf: 2665889 bytes, checksum: d124b91d0b604845255264f303b44b22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Apresenta-se nesta dissertação um estudo sobre o comportamento transitório da pressão em poços inclinados submetidos a teste de poço. A partir de referências disponíveis na literatura, são apresentadas soluções analíticas e semi-analíticas, onde é adotado o modelo de escoamento uniforme como condição de contorno no poço. Neste estudo é considerado um reservatório de extensão radial infinita com limites verticais impermeáveis. A partir da solução analítica são apresentadas curvas típicas para diferentes ângulos de inclinação do poço e espessura adimensional da formação. As análises das curvas típicas indicam três regimes de escoamento: radial inicial, radial de transição e radial infinito, onde, no melhor conhecimento deste autor, o regime de escoamento radial de transição é introduzido nesta dissertação. A partir da solução semi-analítica, derivada no domínio de Laplace, são desenvolvidas assíntotas para tempo-curto e tempo-longo. Esta dissertação ainda apresenta um procedimento alternativo para interpretar os dados transitórios da pressão em poços inclinados. O desenvolvimento deste procedimento foi baseado na técnica TDS (Tiab's Direct Synthesis), onde é possível interpretar os dados de pressão através de uma análise direta da curva de derivada. As soluções aqui apresentadas fornecem uma alternativa acessível à completa modelagem numérica - utilizada em pacotes comerciais para interpretação de teste de pressão
Abstract: A study on the transient pressure behavior it is presented in this dissertation for slanted well test analysis. From references available in the literature, analytical and semi-analytical solutions are presented for the uniform flow boundary condition at the well. In this study is considered an infinite radial extent reservoir limited with vertical impermeable boundaries. Type curves are presented for different slant angles of the well and dimensionless formation thickness. From the analysis of type curves are observed three flow regimes: early time radial flow, transition radial flow and late time infinite-acting radial flow. For the best knowledge of the author, the transition radial flow regime is introduced in this dissertation for the first time. From the semi-analytical solution, derived in the Laplace domain, asymptotic solutions are developed for early-time and late-time. It is also presented an alternative procedure for interpreting pressure transient data in slanted wells. The development of this procedure was based on the TDS (Tiab's Direct Synthesis) technique, by where it is possible to interpret the pressure data through a direct analysis of the derived curve. The solutions presented here provide a feasible alternative to full numerical modeling - used in commercial packages for the interpretation of pressure tests
Mestrado
Reservatórios e Gestão
Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
3
Chipindu, Njalo Socrates Chipongue. "Pos-analise em problemas de perfuração de poços maritimos de desenvolvimento." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263688.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores: Celso Kazuyuki Morooka, Jose Ricardo Pelaquim Mendes, Kazuo MiuraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T22:58:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Chipindu_NjaloSocratesChipongue_M.pdf: 4694196 bytes, checksum: 6b99e27328776d4bdf9d03833efef6f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Os problemas na perfuração de poços de petróleo são responsáveis pela maior parte dos tempos não produtivos, elevando assim os custos diários das operações. Portanto, o estudo e o entendimento destes problemas contribuirá para a otimização da perfuração, melhorando assim as práticas ou mitigando os efeitos severos das anormalidades. O presente trabalho apresenta três procedimentos para identificação das causas dos problemas que poderão auxiliar o jovem profissional a caracterizar os mais variados problemas que ocorrem durante a perfuração de um poço. Neste escopo são abordadas apenas as ocorrências pré-classificadas como dificuldade de manobra, dificuldade de avanço, e prisão. O estudo usa dados dos boletins diários de perfuração dos poços, dados de mudlogging, dados obtidos por ferramentas de monitoramento contínuo da perfuração e outros dados como o fluido utilizado, a configuração da composição de fundo, o desgaste de broca, o gráfico do caliper, litologia e trajetória do poço. A caracterização dos problemas é feita mediante a identificação e associação de eventos que levam a formular hipóteses das prováveis causas dos problemas. Dois grupos de pesquisa (Unicamp e Genesis do Brasil) em engenharia de poço implementaram separadamente os procedimentos propostos. Os resultados foram coincidentes para a maioria trechos de poços marítimos de desenvolvimento analisados, o que atesta a eficácia dos procedimentos diagnósticos. Este estudo é importante para indústria, pois pode maximizar a eficiência na perfuração, através da minimização e/ou eliminação dos tempos não produtivos, responsáveis por avultadas perdas econômicas, além de permitir tornar mais robustas as ferramentas de acompanhamento, em tempo real, das operações de perfuração, na tomada de decisões e na melhoria do processo de planejamento de poço
Abstract: Drilling problems are accountable for the majority of the non productive times in the industry raising the daily operations costs. Therefore, the study and understanding of the problems will contribute to the drilling optimization, improving the practices or by mitigating their severe effects. The present work presents three procedures for identification of causes of drilling problems which can help the young professionals to characterize a wide range of problems that occur while drilling an oil well. In this scope they are studied only the problems pre-classified by occurrence as: problems in tripping, problem in drilling ahead and stuck pipe. The study uses data from the daily drilling reports, mudlogging data, on time monitoring tools data and mud data, Bottom Hole Assembly composition, bit wear report, caliper data, litology and well trajectory. The characterization of the problems is made by identification and association of the events that lead to formulate the hypotheses of the probable causes of the problems. Two research groups (Unicamp and Genesis do Brasil) in well engineering implemented separately the three proposed procedures. The results were coincident for the majority of the analyzed intervals of offshore development wells, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed procedures. This work is important to the industry since it leads to the drilling efficiency maximization by minimization and/or elimination non productive times that are the main responsible for economic losses, beside the fact that these findings can be used to boost the capacity of the monitoring and logging tools as well as to support the on time decision making and to improve well planning process
Mestrado
Explotação
Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
4
Silva, Tiago Rodrigues e. "Caracterização polifásica da microbiota presente em amostras de petróleo de reservatórios brasileiros." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317328.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Valéria Maia MerzelDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Insituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T20:58:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_TiagoRodriguese_M.pdf: 5632148 bytes, checksum: 82526f541aaf1c9b32cf5fbca6bc03aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Estudos realizados em reservatórios de petróleo têm evidenciado que parte da microbiota associada a este tipo de ambiente é representada por bactérias e arqueias de distribuição geográfica bastante ampla e que diversos destes organismos têm potencial para transformar compostos orgânicos e inorgânicos, atuando na interface óleo-água dos reservatórios. A investigação de micro-organismos com potencial para biodeterioração, biodegradação e biocorrosão encontrados em depósitos petrolíferos é de grande importância, uma vez que estes organismos podem estar relacionados com a perda da qualidade do petróleo nos reservatórios e etapas subseqüentes de exploração. Este estudo teve como finalidade comparar a microbiota presente em amostras de óleo de dois poços de petróleo terrestres da Bacia Potiguar (RN), identificados como GMR75 (poço biodegradado) e PTS1 (poço não-biodegradado). As comunidades microbianas foram estudadas usando técnicas de cultivo (enriquecimentos microbianos e isolamento) e independentes de cultivo (construção de bibliotecas de genes RNAr 16S). Os micro-organismos cultivados de ambos os poços mostraram-se afiliados aos filos Actinobacteria, Firmicutes e Proteobacteria. As bibliotecas de gene RNAr 16S foram construídas a partir de DNA total extraído do petróleo bruto. Ambas as bibliotecas de bactérias revelaram uma grande diversidade, com 8 filos diferentes para o poço GMR75, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Deferribacteres, Spirochaetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Thermotoga e Synergistetes, e 5 filos para o poço PTS1, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria e Thermotogae. A biblioteca de genes RNAr 16S de arqueias só foi obtida para o poço GMR75 e todos os clones encontrados mostraram-se relacionados a membros da ordem Methanobacteriales. Os resultados de diversidade sugerem que a metanogênese é o processo terminal dominante no poço, o que indica uma biodegradação anaeróbia. A comparação dos estudos dependente e independente de cultivo mostrou que alguns gêneros, como Janibacter, Georgenia, Saccharopolyspora, Tessaracoccus, Brevundimonas e Brachymonas não foram encontradas na abordagem independente de cultivo, sugerindo que mais clones devam ser seqüenciados para cobrir toda a diversidade presente na amostra. Nossa hipótese de que poderia haver algum agente antimicrobiano inibindo o crescimento de bactérias degradadoras de hidrocarbonetos no poço não-biodegradado não foi confirmada. No entanto, durante os testes realizados, uma bactéria, Bacillus pumilus, isolada em estudos anteriores de reservatórios da Bacia de Campos, apresentou resultados positivos de inibição para todas as linhagens testadas como indicadoras, e os testes de caracterização do composto revelaram ser este um diterpeno da classe das Ciatinas.
Abstract: Recent studies from oil fields have shown that microbial diversity is represented by bacteria and archaea of wide distribution, and that many of these organisms have potential to metabolize organic and inorganic compounds. The potential of biodeterioration, biodegradation and biocorrosion by microorganisms in oil industry is of great relevance, since these organisms may be related with the loss of petroleum quality and further exploration steps. The aim of the present study was to compare the microbial communities present in two samples from terrestrial oil fields from Potiguar basin (RN - Brazil), identified as GMR75 (biodegraded oil) and PTS1 (non-biodegraded oil). Microbial communities were investigated using cultivation (microbial enrichments and isolation) and molecular approaches (16S rRNA gene clone libraries). The cultivated microorganisms recovered from both oil-fields were affiliated with the phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed from metagenomic DNA obtained from crudeoil. Both bacterial libraries revealed a great diversity, encompassing representatives of 8 different phyla for GMR75, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Deferribacteres, Spirochaetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Thermotogae and Synergistetes, and of 5 different phyla, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Thermotoga, for PTS1. The archaeal 16S rRNA clone library was obtained only for GMR75 oil and all phylotypes were affiliated with order Methanobacteriales. Diversity resuts suggest that methanogenesis is the dominant terminal process in GMR75 reservoir, driven by anaerobic biodegradation. The cross-evaluation of culture-dependent and independent techniques indicates that some bacterial genera, such as Janibacter, Georgenia, Saccharopolyspora, Tessaracoccus, Brevundimonas and Brachymonas, were not found using the the 16S rRNA clone library approach, suggesting that additional clones should be sequenced in order to cover diversity present in the sample. Our hypothesis that biodegrading bacterial populations could be inhibited by antimicrobialproducing microorganisms in the non biodegraded oil field (PTS1) was not confirmed. However, one Bacillus pumilus strain, previously isolated from Campos Basin reservoirs, showed positive results in inhibitory tests for all indicator strains. Chemical analyses allowed us to identify the compound as a diterpen from the Cyathin class.
Mestrado
Genetica de Microorganismos
Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular
5
Mejeha, Obioma Kelechi. "Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils co-contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals derived from petroleum." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3391.
Full textAbstract:
The biodegradation of sites co-contaminated by organic pollutants and Heavy Metals is often a challenge due to the inhibition of microbial activities. Microbes play important role in the mineralization of petroleum hydrocarbons to CO2 by utilizing petroleum hydrocarbons as a carbon/ energy source. Heavy metals are often constituents of petroleum. Petroleum spills may result to the release associated metals (e.g. Ni, Cd, Pb, As) into the environment. Subsequent spills may cause an increase in metal concentrations in soils that may build to concentrations above intervention values. This may result to the inhibition of important biological activities such as the biodegradation of organic contaminants. This research investigates the effects of Ni, Cd and Pb contamination on biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in complex soil system using a microbiological approach combined with geochemical approach. Such an approach will provide a more detailed understanding of the patterns of oil degradation under different and increasing metal stresses and how microbial communities change in such environments. Results indicated that Ni has stimulatory or no effects on biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils depending on the chemical form of added Ni. The stimulatory effect was observed in Ni-Porphyrin contaminated soils and declined with increasing Ni concentration. In NiO soils, no effects occurred at low concentrations and increased concentration of Ni resulted to increased inhibition of biodegradation. This is unlike NiCl2 amended soils where Ni effects on biodegradation were neutral irrespective of Ni concentration. The microbial diversity study of the microbial soil community indicated that there was a selective enrichment of species in the soil communities. Phylogenetic study indicated that the dominant microorganism in the community is a strain of Rhodococcus (100%), which was closely related to most Rhodococcus strains isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated environments, metal contaminated environments and extreme environments. Results indicated that Cd inhibited biodegradation of crude oil in soils, irrespective of Cd form or concentrations. The inhibitory effect increased with increasing concentrations. Also, the microbial diversity study of the microbial soil community indicated that there was a selective enrichment of species in the soil communities. Similar to Ni, Phylogenetic study indicated that the dominant microorganism in the community is a strain of Rhodococcus. Also biodegradation of petroleum was significantly reduced in crude oil degrading short-term Pb contaminated soils, irrespective of Pb form or concentration. However, in long-term Pb contaminated soils, while maximal rate of petroleum degradation reduced at high- Pb concentration, no effect was observed at low lead concentration. Also, the microbial diversity study of the microbial soil community indicated that there was a selective enrichment of species in the soil communities. Two dominating specie were identified in Pb-soils depending on soil. Both are closely related to a strain belonging to Bacillales that were originally isolated Rock, Scopulibacillus darangshiensis strain (98%) and oil contaminated soil Bacillus circulans (99%). While the former dominated in Pb -short-term contaminated soils as well as Pb-long term contaminated soil at high concentration, the later dominated long-term-Pb contaminated soil at low concentration.
6
Leamon, Gregory Robert Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Petroleum well costs." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Petroleum Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30599.
Full textAbstract:
This is the first academic study of well costs and drilling times for Australia???s petroleum producing basins, both onshore and offshore. I analyse a substantial database of well times and costs sourced from government databases, industry and over 400 recent well completion reports. Three well phases are studied - Pre-Spud, Drilling and Completion. Relationships between well cost factors are considered, including phase time, phase cost, daily cost, rig day rate, well depth, basin, rig type, water depth, well direction, well objective (e.g. exploration), and type of completion (P&A or producer). Times and costs are analysed using scatter plots, frequency distributions, correlation and regression analyses. Drilling times are analysed for the period 1980 to 2004. Well time and variability in well time tend to increase exponentially with well depth. Technical Limits are defined for both onshore and offshore drilling times to indicate best performance. Well costs are analysed for the period 1996 to 2004. Well costs were relatively stable for this period. Long term increases in daily costs were offset to some extent by reductions in drilling times. Onshore regions studied include the Cooper/Eromanga, Surat/Bowen, Otway and Perth Basins. Offshore regions studied include the Carnarvon Basin shallow and deepwater, the Timor Sea and Victorian Basins. Correlations between regional well cost and well depth are usually high. Well costs are estimated based on well location, well depth, daily costs and type of completion. In 2003, the cost of exploration wells in Australia ranged from A$100,000 for shallow coal seam gas wells in the Surat/Bowen Basins to over A$50 million for the deepwater well Gnarlyknots-1 in the Great Australian Bight. Future well costs are expected to be substantially higher for some regions. This study proposes methods to index historical daily costs to future rig day rates as a means for estimating future well costs. Regional well cost models are particularly useful for the economic evaluation of CO2 storage sites which will require substantial numbers of petroleum-type wells.
7
Costanza, David (David Nicholas). "100% petroleum house." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79129.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2013.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 126).
I am designing a Case Study House to be sponsored by Royal Dutch Shell which utilizes the by-product of oil extraction, petroleum gas, to produce a zero waste, 100% petroleum based house. The motivation of the Case Study House is to address the housing shortage in Iraq, and demonstrate the capacity of petrochemicals as a building material. In the Western hemisphere an abundance of trees provides wood, an easy to work with construction material. In contrast, Iraq currently lacks a pervasive natural resource for construction. However, Iraq does boast one of the largest reserves of oil in the world. During the oil production process natural gas is trapped underground with the petroleum. Because of the pressure change during extraction, natural gas will surface with the crude oil. This type of natural gas is known as associated petroleum gas; it is released as a byproduct or waste product of petroleum extraction. With the right facilities in place these associated gases can be harnessed for energy, and become a feedstock for petrochemical industries. I am interested in using Basra, Iraq's second most populous city, as a case study for improving the housing need in Iraq. There are several key reasons why Basra will serve as both a strategic and necessary site to develop this idea. Basra's crucial location on the southern tip of Iraq, and at the intersection of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, has made it Iraq's main port and a gateway into the country. This access to various kinds of transportation through primary ports, as well as rail lines to Baghdad, coupled with a rapidly growing economy stemming from, oil and downstream petroleum based industries, makes Basra an opportune location for a housing intervention. In conclusion, Iraq has the capacity to produce vast amounts of building material domestically from petroleum gas, a by-product of oil, its primary export. With plastics beginning to emerge as viable building materials in the construction industry, Iraq could likely be on the forefront of making the use of plastics as building materials mainstream.
by David Costanza.
M.Arch.
8
Passarella, Camila Andrade. "Integração de dados de poços e métodos geoestatísticos para a modelagem geológica do Campo de Namorado." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263080.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Alexandre Campane VidalDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T21:03:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Passarella_CamilaAndrade_M.pdf: 16521657 bytes, checksum: aab7953ccc8c81c5bbe65ebc4282e561 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: O presente trabalho foi direcionado para a caracterização e modelagem geológica do reservatório turbidítico do Campo de Namorado. Visto que os depósitos de hidrocarbonetos formaram-se a partir de processos sedimentares e tectônicos complexos que atuaram durante milhões de anos nas bacias e que as informações obtidas destes depósitos são bastante restritas, tornou-se consensual a idéia de que a integração de metodologias e ferramentas possibilita a melhor compreensão dos reservatórios e de suas heterogeneidades. Neste trabalho optou-se por integrar os dados oriundos da geofísica de perfis de poços e dos testemunhos, através dos métodos geoestatísticos de modelagem estocástica com o intuito de gerar modelos equiprováveis do Campo de Namorado que auxiliarão no entendimento da distribuição das principais unidades do reservatório que influenciam na estimativa do volume de óleo. A análise faciológica teve como enfoque os métodos qualitativo, apoiado na descrição das 29 litofácies descritas nos testemunhos, e quantitativo, baseado nas análises dos perfis geofísicos de 54 poços. Com base nesta correlação rocha-perfil, as fácies arenito, arenito argiloso, carbonato e folhelho foram definidos como sendo os prováveis litotipos presentes no reservatório. Para a modelagem geológica e estrutural do Campo de Namorado todos os dados disponíveis foram tratados com o auxílio de um software de modelagem de reservatórios. As etapas de trabalho foram: delimitação de topo e base dos 54 poços do reservatório; interpretação dos três ciclos deposicionais; identificação das falhas; e, por fim, geração de um grid 3D que servirá como base para a realização das modelagens estocásticas subseqüentes. Com a aplicação do método estocástico de simulação seqüencial de indicatriz, foi definida a distribuição espacial das fácies. As propriedades de porosidade efetiva e saturação de água, relacionadas a cada litotipo, foram modeladas a partir da técnica de simulação gaussiana seqüencial. A definição destes parâmetros possibilitou a obtenção do volume de óleo in situ do Campo de Namorado. Como resultados finais foram obtidos vários modelos equiprováveis que representam toda a estrutura do reservatório e possibilitam a quantificação da incerteza associada à estimativa do volume de óleo
Abstract: This work focused the geologic characterization and modeling of the Namorado Oil Field. Sedimentary and tectonic complex processes formed the hydrocarbon deposits for millions of years in the basins, but the information obtained from these deposits is very narrow. In this matter, the opportunity to study the integration of methodologies and tools enables a better understanding of the reservoirs and their heterogeneity. This work integrates the data derived from well logs and cores by the geostatistical methods of stochastic modeling to generate equiprobable models of the Namorado Oil Field, which will assist in the understanding of the distribution of the main reservoir units that influence in the oil volume estimation. The faces analysis used the qualitative method, based on the description of 29 lithofacies described in the cores, and the quantitative method, supported by the well log analysis of 54 wells. Based on this correlation between logs and rocks, was defined as probable reservoir litotypes the faces sandstone, shaly sandstone, carbonate and shale. For the geologic and structural modeling of the Namorado Oil Field all the available data were processed with the aid of a reservoir modeling software. The steps of the work were: delimitation of the top and bottom of the 54 reservoir wells; the interpretation of the three depositional cycles; the identification of failures; and, finally, the generation of a 3D grid for the base of the stochastic modeling. The application of the stochastic method of sequential indicator simulation defined the spatial distribution of the faces. In the other hand, the properties of effective porosity and water saturation related to each lithotype were modeled using the technique of sequential Gaussian simulation. The definition of these parameters allowed the oil volume estimation of the Namorado Oil Field. As a final result, several equiprobable models were obtained representing the entire structure of the reservoir and allowing the uncertainty quantification associated with oil volume computation
Mestrado
Reservatórios e Gestão
Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
9
Allinson, Jonathan Matthew. "The control of petroleum composition on the stability of petroleum emulsions." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443109.
Full text
10
Itsekor, Lucky Ubini. "Mitigating Petroleum Product Shortages in the Nigerian Downstream Petroleum Supply Industry." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5088.
Full textAbstract:
In Nigeria, almost every business enterprise relies on petroleum products for power or transportation. Shortages of petroleum products cripple business activities and undermine development of the Nigerian economy. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore supply chain management strategies needed by petroleum business leaders to mitigate shortages and sustain business development in Nigeria. The sample for the study included 10 senior leaders from 2 private-sector Nigerian downstream petroleum supply companies located in the Niger Delta region, who had successfully implemented strategies for petroleum supply. The resource based view theory served as the conceptual framework for the study. Data collection included semistructured face-to-face interviews and review of operational and policy documents from the supply companies. Data were transcribed, analyzed, and validated through member checking and triangulation, resulting in the identification of 6 themes: appropriate allocation of resources to all segments of the supply value chain for efficiency, efficient banking and foreign exchange operations, engaging appropriate human capital for operational efficiency, technology application in both operational and nonoperational segments, maintaining good organization reputation in the industry, and investment in Nigerian crude oil refining and infrastructures. Findings may be used by petroleum business leaders and investors to create effective and efficient supply chain management, leading to product availability, employment opportunities, poverty reduction, and economic development.
11
Da, Fonseca Tiago Cardoso 1981. "Metodologia de análise de integridade para projetos de poço de desenvolvimento da produção." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263238.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores: José Ricardo Pelaquim Mendes, Kazuo MiuraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T13:11:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DaFonseca_TiagoCardoso_M.pdf: 2105397 bytes, checksum: 938187b300de7b315fa5e2dcca4fef13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Integridade de poço pode ser entendida como sua capacidade de evitar vazamentos para o meio ambiente e é uma importante característica de um poço de petróleo. Uma das formas de evitar vazamentos durante a fase de produção é realizar intervenções de manutenção que conservem os poços em situações seguras e com barreiras de segurança sobressalentes. A previsão de custos relativos às intervenções para manutenção deve ser levada em conta nas fases iniciais dos projetos de Desenvolvimento da Produção, quando se planeja e se avalia técnica e economicamente a campanha de construção de poços. Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para análise de integridade de poços de Desenvolvimento da Produção que considera a existência de estados intermediários, onde não há perda de integridade, mas o sistema poço encontra-se degradado, fundamentando-se nos conceitos de Conjuntos Solidários de Barreiras (CSB) propostos por Miura (2004) e em técnicas de Engenharia de Confiabilidade. A metodologia pode ser utilizada na previsão de recursos para as intervenções de manutenção de uma campanha de construção e operação de poços. Através do tempo esperado para falha de cada um dos CSB presentes na configuração de completação é possível se estimar quando o estado de integridade do poço passará a depender de um único Conjunto Solidário de Barreiras e qual a expectativa para que haja vazamento (ausência de CSB)
Abstract: Well integrity may be defined as its capability to prevent leaks to the environment and is therefore a very important feature for oil and gas wells. One way to avoid leaks during the well operation is to perform maintenance interventions, seeking to keep redundancy in the well's safety barriers. Cost assessment regarding the wells maintenance interventions shall be done during the initial phases of the Production Development project, when the wells construction campaign is both technically and economically evaluated. This work presents a methodology for petroleum wells integrity analysis considering the existence of intermediate stages, when the integrity has not been lost but the well is considered to be in a degraded status. The method is based on the Barrier Integrated Sets (BIS), proposed by Miura (2004, in Portuguese) and described by Miura et al. (2006 [1]), and on Reliability Engineering techniques. The methodology may be used for maintenance interventions resource assessment considering a well construction campaign. Through the computation of the mean time to failure of each BIS identified in the completion configuration it is possible to estimate when the well is in a degraded status, relying in a single Barrier Integrated Set and well the well is expected to leak (no BIS)
Mestrado
Explotação
Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
12
Honoré, Maurice. "Geostatistics of petroleum reserves." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0025/MQ34376.pdf.
Full text
13
Carelse, Grant Julian. "Heavy petroleum feed upgrading." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ34947.pdf.
Full text
14
Koval, Igor Y. "Petroleum and the peso." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
Full text
15
Hassinger, Elaine, and Jack Watson. "Storage of Petroleum Products." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146419.
Full textAbstract:
2 pp.Liquid petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel, and kerosene must be stored safely to prevent leaks and spills. These products can pollute both underground and surface water sources. This publication lists several questions to help you determine whether your petroleum products storage and handling practices may pose a risk to groundwater.
16
Heckel, Kyle Christopher. "PETROLEUM CONTAMINATED AQUIFER REMEDIATION." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192479.
Full text
17
Lucach, Sandra Ortega. "Phenols in petroleum systems." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273711.
Full text
18
Mendelson, J. D. (James D. ). "Petroleum source rock logging." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15126.
Full text
19
Barreto, Carlos Eduardo Andrade Gomes 1981. "Metodologia de otimização para avaliação do uso de válvulas de controle em poços na seleção de estratégia de produção." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265947.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Denis José SchiozerTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geonciências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T02:58:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barreto_CarlosEduardoAndradeGomes_D.pdf: 32862139 bytes, checksum: a675c53341d5c762ef1540a698f013c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: O posicionamento de válvulas de controle ao longo de poços de petróleo é baseado na viabilidade econômica de sua instalação para melhorar o desempenho da produção considerando o controle do escoamento do reservatório para o poço. Para tomar a decisão de instalar essas válvulas, frequentemente, a simulação de reservatórios é utilizada para representar a operação do sistema produtivo e auxiliar a estimativa dos benefícios econômicos e a avaliação de risco de fazer os investimentos requeridos. Entretanto, para casos específicos, o elevado número de variáveis envolvidos na solução deste problema e a relação entre os recursos computacionais disponíveis e o tempo necessário para avaliação fazem com que métodos tradicionais de otimização e seleção demandem muito esforço computacional sendo até inviáveis para algumas aplicações. Este trabalho propõe um método de otimização que utiliza dados técnicos e econômicos gerados na previsão do comportamento do reservatório para auxiliar na otimização e seleção de válvulas de controle em poços produtores. O principal objetivo do método é reduzir o número de variáveis do problema e o espaço de busca das variáveis delimitando regiões com maiores potenciais para serem analisadas. Selecionam-se quais regiões dos poços tem maior potencial de avaliação a partir do uso de indicadores de produção e econômicos. Com esta análise, a otimização é realizada por partes, privilegiando inicialmente as análises nas regiões com maior potencial e seguindo na direção das regiões com menor potencial até não ser mais encontrada a viabilidade de aplicação de válvulas. Cada região é otimizada de forma isolada. Isto evita a análise de regiões com menor potencial mesmo antes de avaliações em regiões potencialmente viáveis. Para avaliar a eficiência do método, os resultados encontrados são comparados com resultados gerados por um algoritmo evolucionário. A metodologia é aplicada em casos simples para avaliar o desempenho do método e melhor comparar com as repostas do algoritmo evolucionário e é aplicada em casos mais complexos para avaliar o desempenho do método em condições mais próximos aos reais. Os resultados para o caso simples mostraram que o método proposto atingiu soluções similares aos encontrados pelo algoritmo evolucionário, mas com um número de simulações reduzido. Já para o caso mais complexo, os resultados apresentados pelo método proposto foram superiores e o algoritmo evolucionário apresentou dificuldade em solucionar o problema com o número máximo de simulações permitidas. O uso de dados técnicos e econômicos auxiliou de forma relevante na evolução do método de otimização, uma vez que reduziram o número de variáveis e o espaço de busca. Em cada caso, as os indicadores das alternativas testadas se mantiveram próximas aos da solução otimizada desde o início da simulação e não houve uma dispersão significativa, comparando com as soluções testadas pelo algoritmo evolucionário. Além disso, as avaliações mostram que o valor presente líquido de um projeto pode aumentar significativamente com a inclusão de válvulas de controle. Observa-se também uma influência significativa do cenário econômico no resultado das otimizações. Portanto, o método proposto pode ser utilizado em problemas reais com relevantes restrições computacionais e de tempo ao invés do uso de métodos tradicionais de otimização. Conclui-se que o método de otimização proposto atingiu os objetivos de ser eficiente na busca da solução ótima com um número reduzido de simulações de reservatórios. O uso de indicadores para guiar o método de otimização reduz o espaço de busca e evita a avaliação de alternativas com baixo potencial de aplicação. A otimização por partes é um instrumento que pode ser utilizado na otimização de válvulas de controle e auxilia na melhoria do desempenho do processo como um todo e, se bem utilizado, não interfere negativamente na obtenção de soluções próximas à ótima. Além disso, o uso de válvulas de controle se mostra viável em casos específicos, principalmente em casos em que existe uma restrição na vazão da plataforma. As válvulas de controle também são eficientes no aumento da produção total de óleo e na redução da vazão de água nos anos logo após a chegada de água, apesar de a produção total de água possa ser maior
Abstract: The selection of number and position of inflow control valves in petroleum wells is complex and involves a high number of analyses to determine their viability of installation. Reservoir simulation can be used to represent valve operation and forecast production to evaluate the benefits in long terms. However, in specific cases, the high number of variables involved in this type of problem associated with the usual time-consuming of a single reservoir simulation made traditional optimization methods inefficient to solve the problem within an adequate time frame. This work proposes a dynamic optimization process that uses economic and technical indicators to speed up the process. The main ideia is to improve the exploration efficiency of the search space by selecting more potential well regions to start the process and to use an optimization workflow that splits the whole optimization in some suboptimization processes to evaluate each region at time. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed method, its results are checked by comparing them with those of an evolutionary algorithm using a simple example. The methodology is also applied in a more complex example with different geological scenarios. The results show that the proposed method achieves good results when compared with the evolutionary algorithm results. The design optimization in the complex example shows that the dynamic process is able to significantly increase the Net Present Value of the field with an acceptable number of simulation runs. It is also shown that the use of economic and technical indicators can be applied to reduce the number of variables of the problem, to define suitable constraints for each variable and to help the initial guess of seeds for the optimization method. It is concluded that the proposed methodology can be efficiently used to optimize inflow control valve design in cases in which computational resources and available time are limited. The use of indicators to better explore the search space is a viable way to selected more potential alternatives to be analyzed. The division of the whole optimization process in smaller pieces is an alternative to reduce the number of variables and to make faster evaluation, whitout loosing precision. In addition, the application of valves can improve total oil production, to retard water breakthrough and to reduce the water flow rate in the begginig of the water production, even with an increase in the total water production
Doutorado
Reservatórios e Gestão
Doutor em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
20
Glanfield, Thomas H. 1980. "Energy required to produce petroleum products from oil sand versus other petroleum sources." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29589.
Full text
21
Carrillo, Arturo Naisa Veronica. "Integração de dados para analise de desempenho de poços de petroleo." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263349.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores: Jose Ricardo Pelaquim Mendes, Celso Kazuyuki MorookaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica, Instituto de Geociencias
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T14:10:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarrilloArturo_NaisaVeronica_M.pdf: 9285828 bytes, checksum: cea4b1d24498e3db795cf1baac36b0bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Neste trabalho é proposto um parâmetro, denominado de índice de desempenho do sistema, que permite estudar o desempenho de poços de petróleo. Um diferencial deste parâmetro é que ele utiliza dados reais e abundantes de campo que são medidos periodicamente. Tal índice permite, por exemplo, avaliar o desempenho e as tecnologias utilizadas nos poços. Usando este índice, verificou-se a influência da geometria do poço para um mesmo campo e uma mesma zona produtora, comparando o desempenho dos poços verticais, direcionais e horizontais. Comparou-se também o desempenho do tipo de contenção de areia para esse mesmo campo e essa mesma zona produtora. Os dados utilizados neste trabalho foram gentilmente fornecidos pela Petrobras.
Abstract: In this work a new parameter called the System Performance Index is proposed, which allows a more profound study of the performance of petroleum wells. An outstanding characteristic of this parameter is that it uses a large amount of field data measured periodically. This index allows the assessing of the performance and technologies used in the wells. This study presents a comparison of the performance of vertical, directional and horizontal wells. The sand control technologies used in the wells are also evaluated. Finally, the proposed parameter enables a practical analysis that can be implemented as a strategic tool for oilfield, performance and optimization studies. Data used in this work were kindly supplied by Petrobras.
Mestrado
Explotação
Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
22
Ifekaibeya, Walter Nkemjika. "Estudo da influência da taxa de penetração de broca de perfuração nos custos da construção de poços de petróleo." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263342.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores: José Ricardo Pelaquim Mendes, Kazuo MiuraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T05:58:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ifekaibeya_WalterNkemjika_M.pdf: 2900574 bytes, checksum: e8d362a13403f80acfb2bf870662e5fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: Na área de petróleo & gás, devido aos altos custos das sondas utilizados nas atividades de perfuração no mar, o aumento da velocidade de execução das operações torna-se imprescindível. A necessidade de se reduzir esses altos custos tem feito com que empresas de perfuração busquem métodos que permitam alcançar o objetivo almejado. Uma dessas formas é o aumento da taxa de penetração (ROP) da broca. Contudo, segundo pesquisas, os efeitos obtidos através dessa prática nem sempre tem resultado na redução dos custos operacionais. Embora pertinente essa constatação, não foram desenvolvidos estudos que pudessem dizer a real influência da taxa de penetração da broca sobre os custos de construção de poços. Essa deficiência motivou o desenvolvimento desta dissertação, que possui como objetivo estudar a influência da taxa de penetração da broca sobre os custos de construção de poços utilizando informações obtidas através da análise da análise de Boletins Diário de Perfuração, dados de mudlogging, entre outros. Para facilitar a avaliação desenvolveu-se um novo parâmetro de análise baseado no tradicional e difundido custo métrico da broca
Abstract: In the field of oil and gas, due to the high costs of rigs used in drilling activities, increasing the speed of operations execution becomes essential. The need to reduce these costs has made drilling companies seek methods to achieve the desired objective. One of those ways is to increase the rate of penetration (ROP) of the bit. However, according to surveys, the outcomes achieved through this practice have not always result in lower operating costs. Although relevant, studies that could tell the real influence of bit's penetration on the costs of well construction were not developed. This deficiency has motivated the development of this dissertation, which has as objective to study the influence of penetration rates on the well construction costs by using information obtained from daily drilling reports analysis, mudlogging data, among others. To facilitate the evaluation influence of bit's penetration on the costs of well construction has developed a new parameter of analysis based on the traditional and popular cost per foot
Mestrado
Explotação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
23
Domínguez, Lucía García 1988. "Efeito da vazão nas curvas de permeabilidade relativa em regime transiente." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265757.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Rosângela Barros Zanoni Lopes MorenoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T12:56:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dominguez_LuciaGarcia_M.pdf: 8169227 bytes, checksum: 3b6d0e210f4dc8a2db3d9f8b9f93f6c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: A capacidade de armazenamento de hidrocarbonetos no reservatório depende do tipo de rocha e da estrutura dos poros. Uma das propriedades rocha-fluido mais estudadas é a permeabilidade relativa, ou seja, a medida da resistência ao escoamento que um fluido apresenta na presença de outro. A permeabilidade relativa é essencial para a avaliação dos processos de recuperação de hidrocarbonetos e previsão do escoamento multifásico de fluidos através do reservatório. A permeabilidade relativa depende de outros parâmetros que têm sido estudados por especialistas durante os últimos anos, como saturação dos fluidos, molhabilidade, tensão interfacial, estrutura porosa, temperatura, heterogeneidades e vazão de deslocamento. Em relação ao efeito da vazão de deslocamento na permeabilidade relativa, muitas pesquisas têm sido realizadas sem conseguir um acordo. Por tanto, a principal motivação deste estudo é a falta de conformidade na literatura. O foco do trabalho é encontrar se existe dependência da permeabilidade relativa com a vazão e avaliar este efeito em óleos de diferentes viscosidades. Foram realizados quinze testes de deslocamento em regime transiente a temperatura e vazão constantes. Os experimentos de laboratório foram executados com três plugues, cortados a partir de uma amostra única de rocha carbonática e saturados com três óleos de viscosidades diferentes, respetivamente. Foram utilizadas três vazões diferentes para cada amostra, que correspondem aos valores mínimo, máximo e intermediário de acordo o critério de dos Santos et al (1997) que visa balancear as forças viscosas, capilares e gravitacionais. Estas vazões foram variadas começando pela maior e diminuindo até a menor e posteriormente revertendo o ciclo, para observar se a sequência seguida influencia nos resultados. A análise dos resultados foi realizada mediante o método de Johnson-Bossler-Naumann para calcular as permeabilidades relativas ao óleo e à água. Sob as condições dos testes realizados, observou-se que as saturações e permeabilidades dos pontos terminais bem como as curvas de permeabilidade relativa, dependem da vazão. Além disso, pode-se observar que as variações foram diferentes dependendo da viscosidade do óleo utilizado. Deste modo, o óleo de menor viscosidade sempre se comportou de modo contrário ao de maior viscosidade e a mistura dos outros dois teve um comportamento intermediário. Este comportamento tem sido atribuído, nos óleos mais viscosos, a um aumento no ângulo de contato e consequente diminuição do número capilar em resposta à vazão mais elevada. Já nos óleos menos viscosos, a vazão não altera significativamente o ângulo de contato e, portanto, o número capilar aumenta com a vazão. Estas diferenças na variação do número capilar, dependendo do óleo utilizado, podem gerar as tendências diferentes nos resultados e explicar o desacordo na literatura
Abstract: The storability of hydrocarbons in the reservoir is dependent upon the rock formation and the pore structures. One of the main important rock-fluid property is the relative permeability, a measure of the flow resistance of one fluid in the presence of another one into the rock. Relative permeability depends on other parameters which have been studied by researchers during the years like fluid properties and saturation, wettability, interfacial tension, porous structure, temperature, heterogeneity and flow rate. Many researchers have focused on flow rate influence in relative permeability curves without obtaining agreement. Therefore, the main motivation for this study is the lack of conformity in the literature. The focus of the work is to find whether there is dependence of relative permeability with the flow and evaluate this effect in oils of different viscosities. Fifteen transient displacement tests were performed at constant temperature and flow rate. The laboratory experiments were performed with three plugs, cut from a single sample of carbonate rock and saturated with three fluids of different viscosities, respectively. Three different flow rates were used for each sample, corresponding to the minimum, maximum and intermediate according to dos Santos et al criterion (1997) which aims to balance the viscous, capillary and gravitational forces. These flow rates were varied starting with the largest and decreasing to the smallest, and subsequently reversing the cycle, to see if the next sequence influences the results. Experimental results were analyzed using JBN method (Johnson-Bossler-Naumann) to calculate oil and water relative permeability curves. Under the studied circumstances, it was observed that the end point saturations and permeabilities and the relative permeability curves depend on the flow rate. Moreover, variations were different depending on the viscosity of the oil used. Thus, the lower viscosity oil will always behave in a contrary manner to the higher viscosity and the mixture of the other two had an intermediate performance. This behavior has been attributed, for more viscous oils, to an increment in contact angle and thus diminution in the capillary number in response to the higher flow. Nevertheless in lower viscous oils, the flow rate does not alter significantly the contact angle and thus the capillary number increases with flow rate. These differences in the variation of the capillary number depending on the oil used may generate the differences on the results trends and explain the disagreement in the literature
Mestrado
Reservatórios e Gestão
Mestra em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
24
Carvalho, Paulo Cesar Gasse de. "Gerenciamento do bombeio de cavidades progressivas." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263658.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores: Celso Kazuyuki Morooka, Sergio Nascimento BordaloDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T22:21:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_PauloCesarGassede_M.pdf: 7671437 bytes, checksum: 5c73626d53d31bb65617b10db9e1c11a (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999
Resumo: Neste trabalho, buscou-se desenvolver um sistema inteligente de acompanhamento e controle de poços, que permita avaliar periodicamente o desempenho operacional de um campo de petróleo, produzindo com os poços equipados com BCP - Bombeio de Cavidades Progressivas. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em duas etapas principais. Inicialmente, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o BCP, voltada para a identificação dos pontos fundamentais, para proporcionar um melhor funcionamento do sistema. Em seguida, com base na experiência acumulada nos últimos anos com o acompanhamento de campos de petróleo na Bahia, procurou-se propor um sistema de controle para gerenciamento das operações de um campo de petróleo, voltado para o BCP. Este sistema utiliza técnicas de inteligência artificial, como conjuntos nebulosos. Espera-se que os resultados apresentados neste trabalho possam servir de base a gerentes, engenheiros, supervisores e operadores, para obterem um desempenho contínuo e otimizado deste método de elevação, na produção de petróleo
Abstract: The main purpose of this work is to develop an intelligent system to management and control, that allows to periodically evaluate the operational performance of a petroleum field producing with the wells equipped with PCP - Progressing Cavity Pump. The work was developed in two main stages. Initially, it was accomplished a literature search about PCP, in order to identify its fundamental parameters that provide a better operation of the system. Afterwards, based on the experience obtained during the last years with the accompaniment of petroleum fields in Bahia, it is proposed acontrol system for management of the petroleum field operations, centered to PCP. This system uses techniques of artificial intelligence, as fuzzy sets, to obtain better interpolations. It is desired that the results presented in this Master' s thesis can be useful to managers, engineers, supervisors and operators to obtain a continuous and optimized performance of this artificial lift method, at the petroleum production
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia de Petróleo
25
Odnoletkova, Natalia. "Improving Energy Efficiency in Petroleum Industryby Effective Utilization of Associated Petroleum Gasin Remote Areas." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210219.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis the analysis of the oil and gas industry was carried out in terms of possibilities of improving its energy efficiency and carbon emission reduction potential. The largest potential is concentrated in pipeline transportation and petroleum extraction (upstream) sectors. Different possibilities of improving energy efficiency in upstream sector were analyzed, as this sector has large energy saving and energy efficiency improving potential due to effective associated petroleum gas (APG) utilization. Calculation model of application of different as novel, as already existing APG utilization methods for remote oil fields was proposed, as remote oil fields especially face to the problem of absence of infrastructure, reliable energy supply and effective APG utilization methods. Calculation was conducted for three APG utilization methods on the remote oil fields: INFRA GTL conversion of APG into synthetic oil, the use of Capstone turbines for APG utilization, and comparison of these two effective methods with APG flaring. Developed calculation model can be used to give fast initial estimate of economic viability of using particular APG utilization energy supply method and carbon emission reduction potential, depending on oil field parameters (gas/oil ratio, energy supply, etc.) andI denna avhandling analysen av olje- och gasindustrin genomfördes i form av möjligheter att förbättra sin energieffektivitet och koldioxid utsläppsminskning potential. Den största potentialen är koncentrerad till transport pipeline och petroleumutvinning (uppströms) sektorer. Olika möjligheter att förbättra energieffektiviteten i uppströms sektorn analyserades, eftersom denna sektor har stor energibesparing och energieffektivitet förbättra potential på grund av effektiv associerad petroleumgas (APG) utnyttjande. Beräkningsmodell för tillämpning av olika som roman, såsom redan existerande APG utnyttjandemetoder för fjärroljefält slogs, som avlägsna oljefält speciellt ansikte mot problemet med frånvaron av infrastruktur, tillförlitlig energiförsörjning och effektiva APG utnyttjandemetoder. Beräkning utfördes under tre APG utnyttjandemetoder på de avlägsna oljefält: INFRA GTL omvandling av APG till syntetisk olja, användning av Capstone turbiner för APG utnyttjande, och jämförelse av dessa två effektiva metoder med APG fackling. Utvecklade beräkningsmodell kan användas för att ge snabb initial uppskattning av ekonomiska bärkraften för användning särskilt APG utnyttjande och energiförsörjning metod och kol potential att minska utsläppen, beroende på oljefältsparametrar (gas / oljeförhållande, energiförsörjnings, etc.)
26
Gonçalves, Maiara Moreira 1988. "Avaliação do indicador do meio ambiente para selecionar um sistema marítimo de produção de petróleo." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265880.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Celso Kazuyuki MorookaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T04:25:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goncalves_MaiaraMoreira_M.pdf: 2713085 bytes, checksum: 084d81696889df2f638780ba891370e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: O desenvolvimento de um sistema marítimo de produção de petróleo corresponde a um conjunto de equipamentos para viabilizar a extração de petróleo e gás, a partir de um reservatório de petróleo. Para uma melhor compreensão do processo, a definição deste sistema de produção pode ser dividida em fases. Fase I corresponde à seleção do número de poços e tipo do poço. Então, seguindo trabalhos anteriores (FRANCO, 2003), na Fase II, o arranjo de poços e a Unidade Estacionária de Produção (UEP) são selecionados. E, na Fase III, a alternativa para o armazenamento e escoamento de óleo e gás produzidos é escolhida. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar os impactos ambientais associados com cada componente de um sistema marítimo de produção de óleo e gás, e quantificar cada um deles por meio de índices. É esperado que esta ferramenta irá apoiar os tomadores de decisão ao selecionarem o sistema que melhor se ajuste a um determinado campo marítimo de petróleo. A crescente necessidade de petróleo na matriz energética do Brasil, concomitante com a preocupação da sociedade em manter o meio ambiente limpo, torna a inclusão de um índice relacionado com o meio ambiente uma importante contribuição para melhorar o processo de seleção e decisão sobre o sistema marítimo de produção e sua inclusão, além dos índices técnicos e tecnológicos geralmente usados em tal processo. Particularmente, será fundamental para a produção de petróleo em condições adversas do cenário pré-sal, que está localizado em lâminas d¿água cada vez mais profundas. A metodologia proposta segue um procedimento semelhante à avaliação dos impactos ambientais através da utilização do Índice de Sensibilidade Ambiental (ISA) e do uso de matriz de impacto (NOAA, 1997; PATIN, 1999; MARIANO; LA ROVERE, 2006). Para a estimativa dos impactos ambientais, foi definido o ISA da área a ser desenvolvida, e foi construída uma matriz de impacto com base nas atividades envolvidas na instalação de plataforma, fase operacional e descomissionamento de uma UEP e os elementos do meio ambiente. Portanto, essa abordagem sistemática e estruturada permitiu incorporar ao processo de seleção do sistema marítimo de produção para um campo de óleo e gás, a seleção da melhor alternativa, que combina as melhores características técnicas e tecnológicas com os melhores aspectos do ambiente
Abstract: The development of an offshore petroleum production system corresponds to define a set of equipment to make possible oil and gas extraction from an underwater petroleum reservoir. To better comprehension of the process, definition of this production system can be divided into phases. Phase I corresponds to the selection of number of wells and type of the well. Then, following the previous work (FRANCO, 2003), in the Phase II, the layout arrangement of wells and the set of the stationary Floating Production Unit (FPU) are selected. And, in the Phase III, storage and offloading alternatives for the produced oil and gas are selected. The present paper aims to identify environmental impacts associated with the each component of an offshore system for oil and gas production, and quantify each of them through indexes. It is expected to support the decision makers to select the best fitted system for a given offshore petroleum field. The increasing needs of petroleum to fulfill the energy matrix demanded in Brazil, the growing concern of the society for keeping the environment clean and the inclusion of an index related to the environment besides the technical and technological indexes usually taken makes it an important contribution to improve the process for selection and decision about the offshore production system. Particularly, it will be fundamental in the adverse condition of the Pre-salt scenario of petroleum production, in ultra-deep water depth and oil and gas with more aggressive contaminants to the system. The proposed methodology follows a similar procedure for the assessment of environmental impacts through the use of environmental sensitivity index (ESI) and the use of impact matrix (NOAA, 1997; PATIN, 1999; MARIANO; LA ROVERE, 2006). For the estimation of environmental impacts, it was defined the ESI of the area to be developed, and it was constructed an impact matrix based on the activities involved in the installation of platform, operational phase and decommissioning of a FPU and the elements from environment. Therefore, this systematic and structured approach allowed incorporating to the process of selection of the offshore production system for an oil and gas field the selection of alternative which combines the best technical and technological characteristics with better aspects from the environment
Mestrado
Explotação
Mestra em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
27
Peng, B. "Molecular modelling of petroleum processes." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515182.
Full text
28
Cash, A. A. J. "Thermal analysis of petroleum materials." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233909.
Full text
29
Lee, Tai-yong Seinfeld John H. "Estimation of petroleum reservoir properties /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1987. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-03012008-135126.
Full text
30
SOUZA, EDUARDO ESTRELLA DE. "LOCATION PROPOSAL FOR PETROLEUM PLATFORMS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=18539@1.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho descreve uma sistemática para localização de plataformas de petróleo baseado em um algoritmo de localização. Como critério principal será considerada a maximização do valor presente líquido das receitas do projeto. Devido ao elevado grau de incerteza na determinação da vazão inicial de cada poço e arbitrando-se valores de vazão para cada um dos poços de produção envolvidos, será adotado um percentual que vai estabelecer níveis mínimos e máximos de vazão, procurando corrigir possíveis erros relativos ao processo inicial de coleta e interpretação de dados. Além disso, um fator randômico será introduzido no cálculo da vazão inicial com o objetivo de aumentar a confiabilidade na determinação da possível localização da plataforma. A partir destas vazões iniciais e também das vazões ao longo do tempo de vida estabelecido para os poços, será calculado o valor presente líquido das receitas de cada poço e consequentemente o percentual de participação destes poços na proximidade com a plataforma. Este percentual representa o peso de cada poço na determinação da localização final da plataforma de petróleo. Por hipótese, a superfície do fundo do mar é semelhante a um plano, portanto não são considerados obstáculos nas ligações entre os vários poços e a plataforma. Para testar a sistemática, um problema exemplo será solucionado.This paper describes a system for locating oil rigs based on a general location algorithm. The problem consists in maximizing the net present revenue value of the project arbitrating discharge values for each of the production wells involved. Due to the high degree of uncertainty in determining the initial flow rate of each well it is assumed a percentage that will establish minimum and maximum levels of flow, trying to correct possible errors related to the initial collection and interpretation of data. In addition, a random factor is introduced when calculating the initial flow in order to increase reliability in determining the possible location of the platform. From these initial flow rates and also the flow over the lifetime established for the wells, the net present revenue value of each well and consequently the percentage of participation of these wells in proximity to the platform will be calculated. This percentage represents the weight of each well in determining the final location of the oil platform. The surface of the seabed is assumed similar to a plan, so no barriers are considered on the links between the various wells and the platform. A sample problem is solved to test the system described.
31
Kean, Van Alexander. "The Petroleum Disruption Response System." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41502.
Full textAbstract:
The petroleum disruptions experienced in 1973 and 1979
demonstrated to the Department of Defense (DoD) that, for
numerous reasons, the normal support for DoD requirements
could rapidly deteriorate. Crude oil shortages caused DoD's
historical supplier to prorate or completely cease deliveries
under existing contracts, and it became difficult for the
Defense Fuel Supply Center (DFSC) to secure replacement or
follow-on contracts for fuels. In order to sustain necessary
peacetime activities, the services were forced to dip into the
war reserves. The effect was a decrease in the wartime
sustainability of our forces until the war reserves were
reconstituted.
As a result of DoD "Supply Assurance" initiatives prompted by the 1979 disruption, numerous policy options have been developed to help the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) more effectively deal with future shortage situations. The key to avoiding the problems of 1973 and 1979 is early identification of shortage situations and selection of appropriate policy options designed to ensure a steady supply of military fuels during energy emergencies.
The Petroleum Disruption Response System (PDRS) is a decision support system designed to assist DFSC energy analysts and planners in preparing recommendations for the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (OASD) energy policy staff on appropriate policy options to ensure adequate petroleum supplies for the national defense.
This paper contains a conceptual model of PDRS that is
based on a network optimization distribution model. The model would optimize the resupply distribution network in terms of
minimum cost solution.
Master of Science
32
Rudraraju, VRS Raju. "Ultrasonic Data Communication through Petroleum." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1271703312.
Full text
33
Masood, Hossain Masood Masood Hossain. "International arbitration of petroleum disputes." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU185710.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is concerned with the international arbitration of petroleum disputes arising within long term contractual relationships for the exploration, production and development of petroleum, between host countries and foreign oil companies. This relationship is inherently unstable since the underlying objectives of the two parties are not only different but are also, at times, conflicting. Host countries are interested in making use of foreign investment to develop their natural resources for the benefit of national economic progress, while foreign companies are generally profit-motivated and interested in maximising their investment with the least risk. The lengthy duration of these agreements makes them particularly vulnerable to the impact of political or economic influences which are unpredictable at the time of the agreements' conclusion, such as changes in oil prices, and international politics and events. In such complex relationships, disputes are inevitable. When such a relationship falls apart, the parties may choose to resolve their disputes by negotiation, litigation or arbitration. If the parties have not chosen arbitration to settle their contractual disputes, and negotiations are unsuccessful, litigation will result. However, because of the State party's unwillingness to submit itself to the court of another State and the private party's fear of the presumed partially of the host State's court, parties often choose arbitration. The extremely conflicting attitudes towards the appropriate method for petroleum dispute resolution have resulted in arbitration becoming a practical option due to the necessity to compromise in such situations. Therefore, the investigation principally focuses on whether arbitration can satisfy the needs and expectations of both parties for profit, security, protection and stability, as well as ensure fairness and justice. In order to reach satisfactory conclusions, the thesis is divided into seven chapters. Chapter One introduces the subject and outlines the key issues that will be dealt with in the thesis. Chapter Two describes the historical evolution of agreement that have dealt with the exploration and development of petroleum, from the early concessions in the Arabian Gulf and North African Countries to the modern arrangements. This Chapter also discusses the legal nature of petroleum agreements in order to show whether such agreements are in the nature of public or private law. In Chapter Three the hostile attitude of developing countries towards the arbitration of petroleum disputes is explored. This Chapter also looks into the reasons behind the enthusiasm of oil companies in favouring arbitration as a method of settling petroleum disputes. Chapter Four examines the formal and substantial requirements for the validity of arbitration agreements. It also discusses the law governing arbitration agreements, and closes with an investigation of the doctrine of the severability of the arbitration agreement. Chapter Five critically examines the law applicable to the substantive issues and to arbitration procedures. Chapter Six deals with the enforcement of an arbitral award made against a State or State entity. This Chapter examines the doctrines of sovereign immunity and act of state, and the extent to which they can prevent enforcement of foreign arbitral awards made against a State. Chapter Seven summarises the major findings of the study.
34
Carvalho, Filho Clodoaldo de Oliveira. "Produção de petroleo por elevação a gas intermitente : simulação e analise dos metodos convencional e invertido." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264426.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Sergio Nascimento BordaloTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica, Instituto de Geociencias
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T09:03:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarvalhoFilho_ClodoaldodeOliveira_D.pdf: 11155676 bytes, checksum: 1cc462d182c41677707cebc202d69d93 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004
Resumo: A elevação a gás (gas lift) intermitente é empregada na indústria do petróleo para manter a produção viável nos reservatórios em depleção ou nos poços de baixa produtividade. O padrão cíclico do gas lift intermitente torna complexo o comportamento dinâmico do poço, dificultando o projeto e a operação deste sistema. Dentre as versões existentes, os métodos convencional (GLI) e invertido (GLI-I)- este último não abordado na literatura - são tomados como objetos de estudo. Evoluindo a partir dos modelos pré-existentes, nos quais os ciclos de gas lift são tratados como uma seqüência de etapas estanques, o comportamento do poço é modelado no presente trabalho, considerando a ocorrência de etapas simultâneas e acopladas ao longo dos ciclos. As interações no poço e suas conexões com o reservatório e a superfície, e.g., escoamentos de líquido e gás, são representadas por um conjunto completo de equações algébricas e diferenciais ordinárias temporais não-lineares, válidas para todas as etapas do ciclo. A simulação dinâmica do sistema é efetuada com a solução numérica de subconjuntos de equações do modelo, estabelecidos interativamente a cada etapa, para cada intervalo de tempo. Os resultados de simulação do GLI foram comparados com medições experimentais realizadas por outros autores, apresentando boa concordância. A análise dos ciclos de GLI e GLI-I em diversas condições operacionais possibilitou delinear faixas com ciclos e produção estáveis. O ganho econômico da produção foi avaliado para ambos os métodos, determinando o melhor compromisso entre a ciclagem do poço e o seu desempenho operacional a cada ciclo. A modelagem e o algoritmo de simulação desenvolvidos podem ser estendidos às demais versões de gas lift, constituindo uma ferramenta única e de grande valor para os engenheiros envolvidos com estes sistemas
Abstract: The intermittent gas lift is used in the oil industry to keep up a viable production from depleting reservoirs or low productivity wells. The cyclical pattern of the intermittent gas lift causes the dynamic behavior of the well to become complex, making it difficult to design and operate of such systems. Amongst the existing versions, the conventional (IGL) and the inverted (I-IGL) methods - the last one not covered in literature - are taken as objects of study. Evolving from the preexisting models, in which the gas lift cycles are treated as a sequence of self-contained stages, the behavior of the well, in the present work, takes into account the occurrence of simultaneous and coupled stages throughout the cycles. The interactions of the well and its connections with the reservoir and the surface, e.g., liquid and gas flows, are represented by a complete set of non-linear algebraic and time dependent ordinary differential equations, valid for alI the stages of the cycle. The dynamic simulation of the system is carried out with the numerical solution of the equation subsets of the model, interactively established for each stage, at each time step. The results of the simulations of the IGL were compared with experimental measurements carried through by other authors, presenting good agreement. The analysis of the IGL and I-IGL cycles under various operational conditions made it possible to delineate ranges of steady cycles and production. The production economic profit was evaluated for both versions, detennining the best compromise between the well cycling and its operational performance at each cycle. The developed modeling and the simulation algorithm can be extended to other gas lift versions, constituting a unique tool of great value for the engineers involved with these systems
Doutorado
Explotação
Doutor em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
35
Belaid, Abdulmonem. "Petroleum geology of the Murzuq Basin, SW-Libya geochemical characterization and numerical petroleum systems modelling." Aachen Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999883720/04.
Full text
36
Subai, Pereowei. "Towards a functional petroleum industry in Nigeria : a critical analysis of Nigeria's petroleum industry reform." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2672.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis seeks to enquire into the role of law in the reform programme for the Nigerian petroleum industry (NPI), in order to determine the extent to which it can be utilised to actualise a functional petroleum industry. The thesis will seek to test the hypothesis that an effectively managed petroleum industry will be efficiently regulated, have a significant local content, and will invariably be dependent on how sustainable and efficient petroleum revenues are distributed. My significant contribution to knowledge is that Nigeria should seek to develop local content and industry regulation, and aim to effectively distribute petroleum revenues, by pursuing industry reforms as an integrated whole. To that extent, it would require a coherent legal framework, and the development of policies that recognise the interconnectedness and interdependency of several factors in the petroleum industry. To that extent, a suitable and strategic legal architecture should be erected in Nigeria: one that will give room for co-operation without stifling independence and innovation. This thesis also notes that the development of a viable National oil company is imperative and should be anchored around which other industry reforms should revolve. Such a firm should however be privatised in a manner that guarantees its performance and promotes good corporate governance, whilst limiting avenues for external interference. It advocates that Nigeria should seek a national oil company model that is deliberately tailored to restrain ‘external interference’ in the daily workings of the NOC. Finally, this thesis argues that for an efficient regulation and management of the industry will require the active participation of all actors in the industry, and that the government should not have prerogative over the industry, especially in the light of past failures to effectively turn the industry around. There should thus be a deliberate effort to restrain government interference in the NOC, empower citizens in regulation and encourage the development of indigenous petroleum exploration and production companies (PEPCs), while in utilization of petroleum resources; there should be direct citizenship participation.
37
Alsaidi, Abdullah Mohammed. "Petroleum arbitration : applicable law and appropriate arbitral forum (a study of petroleum disputes in Arab countries)." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2004. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1844.
Full textAbstract:
Petroleum maintains a primary role in the world energy market as well as in the daily life and livelihood of Arab petroleum countries, since these countries are highly dependent upon revenues from the exploitation and export of this resource. Therefore, the petroleum industry is fraught with conflicts of interests, primarily between developing petroleum exporting countries and petroleum companies sustained by their home states, most of which are developed countries. The majority of disputes have been settled by arbitration, most of which have been controversial. The question of the applicable law to the merits of a dispute is intimately related to the controversies surrounding arbitral tribunals. The prevailing perspective of western scholars during the 20`h century, and still to an extent today, was that host state law was inadequate, and host state courts were partial. Therefore, these scholars held any dispute arising between a host state and a petroleum company should be dealt with as an international dispute and should be settled far away from the host state's court and governed by laws or rules other than that of the host state. This thesis examines the past and present of petroleum arbitration, the perceptions and the practice, and aims to suggest a modified method of determining the applicable law to petroleum disputes. It argues that contrary to the previous allegations, the legal infrastructure of host states has developed over the years and today offers an adequate law to govern the merits of petroleum disputes. It further suggests a semi-localisation approach. The thesis focuses only on arbitration as a method of resolving such disputes, and limits itself to Arab petroleum countries. The thesis argues that petroleum contracts have their own characteristics and therefore should not automatically be subject to the ICSID Convention or to other principles of investment arbitration. The time is ripe for the establishment of a specialised institution to undertake the settlement of disputes arising out of petroleum transactions.
38
Crespim, Elaine. "Detecção e quantificação de bacterias degradadoras de hidrocarbonetos em amostras de petroleo utilizando primers grupo-especificos." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317320.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Valeria Maia de OliveiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T21:04:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Crespim_Elaine_M.pdf: 1613061 bytes, checksum: 0510cf7cad319e1cd26f150b983f83bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: A abordagem tradicional empregada em estudos de Microbiologia Ambiental, baseada em métodos de isolamento seletivo e cultivo de microrganismos em laboratório, embora seja útil para a determinação do potencial fisiológico dos organismos isolados, é inadequada para a realização de uma caracterização abrangente da comunidade microbiana destes ambientes ou para detectar microrganismos de difícil cultivo ou que vivem em consórcios. O emprego de técnicas moleculares em estudos de comunidades microbianas, as quais envolvem o isolamento direto de DNA a partir de amostras ambientais, a amplificação de genes conservados pela técnica de PCR e a análise de seqüências de rDNA 165, tem demonstrado resultados promissores em Ecologia Microbiana, uma vez que permite identificar organismos de ambientes naturais sem a necessidade de cultivo dos mesmos. A detecção de microrganismos com potencial para biodeterioração, biodegradação e biocorrosão encontrados em depósitos petrolíferos é de grande importância na medida em que estes organismos podem estar relacionados com a perda da qualidade do petróleo nos reservatórios e etapas subseqüentes de exploração (extração, . armazenamento e refino). O presente trabalho teve como objetivos desenvolver um método molecular para a detecção rápida de grupos específicos de microrganismos degradadores de hidrocarbonetos e avaliar a sua distribuição e abundância em diferentes amostras de óleo e água de formação provenientes de depósitos petrolíferos da bacia de Campos (RJ). Nossos resultados revelaram a presença dos grupos Bacíllus spp., Streptomyces spp., Achromobacter xy/osoxidans, Bacíllus pumilus, Micrococcus spp. e Dietzia spp. nas amostras de petróleo estudadas. Alguns destes microrganismos apresentaram ampla ocorrência, embora em baixa abundância, nas amostras dos cinco poços avaliados, independentemente do grau de biodegradação dos óleos e condições de pro{undidade e temperatura dos reservatórios. O desenvolvimento de um método molecular para a rápida detecção de grupos de microrganismos potencialmente biodegradadores em amostras ambientais seria extremamente útil como uma ferramenta de apoio para a avaliação da qualidade do óleo em reservatórios de produção
Abstract: The traditional approach used in Environmental Microbiology studies, based on selective isolation and cultivation methods, although very useful for determination of the physiological potential of the isolated organisms, is inadequate for a broad characterization of the microbial community in these environments, since it does not allow the recovery of fastidious microorganisms or the ones that live in consortia. The use of molecular techniques in microbial community studies, which involve the direct DNA isolation from environmental samples, amplification of conserved genes by PCR and sequence analysis, has shown promising results in Microbial Ecology, as it allows the identification of organisms trom natural environments without the need of cultivation. The detection of microorganisms with potential for biodeterioration, biodegradation and biocorrosion in petroleum deposits is of great importance, as these organisms may be related to a decrease in petroleum quality in the reservoirs and subsequent exploration steps (extraction, storage and refining). The present work aimed at developing a molecular method for the rapid detection of specific groups of hydrocarbondegrading microorganisms and evaluating their distribution and abundance in different oil and formation water samples originated trom petroleum reservoirs in the Campos basin (RJ). Our results revealed the presence of the target groups Bacillus spp., Streptomyces spp., Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Bacillus pumilus, Micrococcus spp. and Dietzia spp. in the environmental samples under study. Some of these microorganisms were of broad occurrence, although in low abundance, in ali the five samples trom the petroleum wells analyzed, in spite of the oil biodegradation levei and depth and temperature conditions. The development of a molecular method for the rapid detectión of specific groups of biodegrading microorganisms in environmental samples would be extremely useful as a supporting toei for the evaluation of oil. quality in the production reservoirs
Mestrado
Genetica de Microorganismos
Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular
39
Bragantini, Mauro Fernando. "Estudo de uma bomba centrífuga submersa operando como turbina." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265657.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Antonio Carlos BannwartDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T23:41:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bragantini_MauroFernando_M.pdf: 5693941 bytes, checksum: bef9d874ab134a24eff92a6991db0e51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: As bombas centrífugas submersas (BCS) são largamente empregadas para elevação artificial de petróleo, sendo, na sua configuração básica, acionadas por motores elétricos. Os motores elétricos são o elo mais sensível deste equipamento, apresentando baixo MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure), ocasionando intervenções custosas para o seu reparo e/ou substituição nas plataformas off-shore de produção de petróleo. O acionamento da BCS por outro meio é uma alternativa para aumento deste MTBF e a utilização de uma turbina hidráulica como força motriz uma possibilidade já viabilizada tecnicamente. Os produtos existentes no mercado, neste arranjo, BCS+Turbina, são denominados de HSP (Hydraulic Submersible pump). Devido às características construtivas da BCS, múltiplos estágios em série, diâmetro externo reduzido e acoplamento direto com o acionador, o projeto da turbina deve ser alinhado com estes requisitos. Este trabalho investiga a definição da carga de certa BCS bombeando óleo, analisa os diferentes métodos de predição do comportamento desta mesma BCS funcionando como turbina como opção de acionamento, estabelece as condições de projeto deste arranjo, o constrói, o ensaia e compara os resultados com as metolodogias de predição pesquisadas
Abstract: Bore-hole electrical submersible pumps (ESP) are largely used as oil artificial lift alternative. Electrical motor is the most sensitive component of this equipment presenting low MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure) causing high cost operations to fit or replace it on oil production off-shore platforms. ESP driving by another mean is an alternative to increase MTBF and a hydraulic turbine as driver is a technical possibility already available. Market existing products on this arrangement are called HSP (Hydraulic Submersible pump). Due to ESP constructive characteristics like multiple stages, reduced bore-hole diameter and direct coupled to the driver the turbine design should meet these requirements. This work investigates certain SP (Submersible Pump) load when pumping oil and the different prediction methods of this same SP running as turbine as drive option, also establishes the design conditions of this arrangement, builds it, tests it and compares the results against the researched prediction methodologies
Mestrado
Explotação
Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
40
Mezzomo, Cristina Cledia 1976. "Seleção de projetos de desenvolvimento integrada à análise de risco." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263714.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Denis José SchiozerTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T21:35:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mezzomo_CristinaCledia_D.pdf: 20242077 bytes, checksum: d16d737b77c20aa4dd8638356659d1de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: A elaboração de projetas de desenvolvimento é um processo bastante complexo devido às incertezas devido à quantidade limitada de informações disponíveis para o grande número de variáveis envolvidas com compot1amento dinâmico. A ferramenta mais utilizada para este processo é a simulação numérica de reservatórios, que fornece a previsão de produção dos campos e pode ser associada a algoritmos de otimizaçào para a maximização de uma função objetiva previamente estabelecida segundo os objetivos de cada projeto. Embora o processo seja complexo, usualmente, são utilizados procedimentos manuais para a escolha da estratégia de produção. Algumas tentativas têm sido publicadas com o objetivo de tornar o processo automático. Entretanto, nenhuma dessas duas formas parece ser a mais adequada, pois (l) a forma manual demanda excessivo tempo dos profissionais envolvidos e pode não considerar todos os cenários necessários para evitar tempos longos de preparação dos projetas e (2) as formas automáticas apresentadas até agora demandam um número muito grande de simulações, o que inviabiliza a aplicação em reservatórios reais. O procedimento para seleção de planos de desenvolvimento proposto neste trabalho procura tirar proveito das duas formas de trabalho c é composta por procedimentos seqüenciais manuais e automatizada. Isso possibilita que a definição dos parâmetros do plano de desenvolvimento esteja integrada à análise de risco (técnico, operacional, geológico, econômico, etc.). O procedimento para seleção de planos de desenvolvimento pode ainda ser integrado com uma teoria de análise de decisão adequada utilizando, por exemplo, a teoria de utilidade multiatributos. A idéia é propor um procedimento que pode ser aplicada a um conjunto amplo de reservatórios, fornecendo embasamento para escolha da alternativa mais adequada para o desenvolvimento inicial do campo, observando o comportamento em relação aos riscos considerados e a priorização de objetivos para o projeto. Foram testados diversos exemplos com diferentes características e os resultados md1cam que este procedimento é bastante flexível, podendo ser adaptada para considerar as características e objetivos estabelecidos para cada projeto com custo computacional que pode ser estabelecido para cada caso
Abstract: Field developrnent planning is a very cornplex process due to uncertainties, related to the restricted amount of information available for the high number of variables with dynamic behavior. The most common tool for this process is reservoir simulation that provides production forecasts and is associated to optimization algorithms for the optimization of a non-linear objective-function previously stated, regarding the objectives for the project. Although this is a complex process, manual procedures are often used to select a recovery strategy. Some studies have been developed to obtain automatic procedures. Some tests have been published with the objective of developing an automatic process. However. none of these approaches seem to be the most adequate regarding that (I) the manual approach requires excessive time from the professionals involved and may not consider all the necessary scenarios in order to avoid long times for projects planning and (2) the automatic approaches presented until this moment requires a very large amount of simulations and are unfeasible for actual reservoirs. The approach for field development plan selection proposed in th1s work takes advantages of both approaches and is composed by a sequence of manual and automated procedures. This enables to integrate the parameters definition for the development plan to a risk analysis (technical, operational, geological, and economic, etc.). The procedure for field development plan selection can still be integrated with an adequate decision analysis using, for example, multiattributes utility theory. The main idea is to propose a procedure that can be applied to a large set of reservoirs, providing the fundamentals to choose the most adequate choice for the initial field development, regarding the risks related and objectives classification for the project. Severa] examples with different characteristics were evaluated and the results indicate that this procedure is very flexible and it can be adapted to consider the characteristics and objectives stated to each project with a low computational cost that can be stated for each case
Doutorado
Reservatórios e Gestão
Doutora em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
41
Benvenutti, Carlos Felipe [UNESP]. "Estudo da porção offshore da bacia do Benin e o seu potencial no armazenamento de hidrocarbonetos, margem equatorial africana." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92925.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2012-04-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:47:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
benvenutti_cf_me_rcla.pdf: 5702564 bytes, checksum: 3468aeafad128f8380c10b5ae674509f (MD5)A presente pesquisa conta com uma área de estudo de 7.737 km2 na porção ojJshore da Bacia do Benin, localizada na Província do Golfo da Guiné, Margem Equatorial Africana, onde a lâmina da água varia de 100 a mais de 3.200 m, cobrindo basicamente o talude. Dados ísmicos 3D e 2D foram disponibilizados pela Compagnie Béninoise des Hydrocarbures(CBH SARL) para interpretação dos mesmos com o objetivo de caracterizar o arcabouço estrutural e estratigráfico da região, assim como avaliar o potencial do armazenamento de hidrocarboneto. Foi necessário o mapeamento dos horizontes sísmicos, a elaboração de mapas de contorno estrutural, de atributos sísmicos e de isópacas. A Bacia do Benin encontra-se entre as zonas de fratura de Romanche e Chain, correlata à Bacia do Ceará na Margem Equatorial Brasileira. Sua evolução tectono-sedimentar está condicionada à ruptura do Gondwana no Cretáceo Inferior, predominando estruturas da fase rifte relacionadas à distensão e transcorrência, a influência da transpressão é muito significativa no Cretáceo Superior. Destaca-se também uma tectônica gravitacional marcada por falhamentos dos níveis estratigráficos cenozóicos. A coluna sedimentar é representada por uma seção rifte continental limitada pela discordância do Meso-Albiano e outra pós-rifte marinha, do Albiano Superior ao Recente; sendo esta subdividida pela discordância do Oligoceno relacionada a uma queda eustática. A sedimentação está controlada pelo strends NE-SW e ENE-WSW, incluindo os canais submarinos. Os principais altos estruturais desta região já foram perfurados sem sucesso comercial, porém o potencial de acumulação de hidrocarbonetos é promissor, pelo menos dois grandes canais foram identificados no estudo em uma região cuja profundidade do fundo do mar é cerca de 2.200 m. Oportunidades...
The present research has a study area of 7.737 km2 located in the offshore portion of Benin Basin in the Gulf of Guinea Province, African Equatorial Margin. The water depth ranges from 100 to more than 3.200 m, basically covering the slope. The Compagnie Béninoise des Hydrocarbures (CBH SARL) provided 3D and 2D seismic data in order to interpret and characterize the stratigraphic and structural frarnework, as well as to evaluate the petroleum exploration potential. To achieve the desired results, it was performed seismic horizons mapping, elaboration of structural outline, isopach and seismic attribute maps. Benin Basin is limited by Romanche and Chain fracture zones and is correlated to Ceará Basin in Brazilian Equatorial Margin. Its tectono-stratigraphic evolution was conditioned by the Gondwana break-up in the Lower Cretaceous and shows rift structures related to extension trike-slip tectonics. The transpression influence is very significant in the Upper Cretaceous. It is also highlighted a gravitational tectonic marked by normal faults in the Cenozoic level. The sedimentary package is represented by a continental rift section limited by a Mid-Albian unconformity and other marine post-rift sequence from Upper Albian to Recent; the last one can still be divided by the Oligocene unconformity. The sedimentation is controlled by NE-SW and ENE- WSW trends, including submarine channels in the Upper Cretaceous. The main structural traps weredrilled in the study area without commercial success. At least two great channels were identified in a region where the water depth is around 2.200 m. Roll-overs and minor channels opportunities in Paleogene and Neogene should also be considered. The pre-rift sequences of the study area are poorly recognized, the absence of well information in this interval and the low resolution of seismic data... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
42
Yacob, Shahrakbah, and n/a. "Metal-reducing microorganisms in petroleum reservoirs." University of Canberra. Resource & Environmental Science, 2000. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061112.102729.
Full textAbstract:
Metal-reducing microorganisms reduce a variety of metals in metabolic processes
coupled to the oxidation of organic compounds. These bacteria play an important role
in the biogeochemical cycling of metals and organic matter in anaerobic aquatic and
sediment ecosystems. It has been proposed recently that metal-reducing
microorganisms also are active in deep subsurface environments such as petroleum
reservoirs. Only two metal-reducing bacteria have been isolated from petroleum
reservoir fluids, Shewanella putrefaciens and Deferribacter thermophilus. This project
studied the occurrence and distribution of metal-reducing microorganisms in petroleum
reservoirs. The research focused on the isolation, characterisation and identification of
anaerobic bacteria from petroleum reservoirs that were capable of reducing metals and
the potential roles of these isolates in the microbial ecology and biogeochemical cycling
of petroleum reservoirs.
Petroleum reservoirs were selected for this study on the basis of physio-chemical
conditions such as temperature, salinity, pH and the presence of organic and inorganic
compounds, that were likely to provide a suitable environment for anaerobic bacteria
capable of reducing metals. Factors such as the stratigraphic features of the
sedimentary basin, age of reservoir and past oil field practices also were considered in
choosing the reservoir for study. Seven petroleum reservoirs in the USA and
Azerbaijan were chosen for extensive investigations. The physico-chemical conditions
in these reservoirs varied substantially.
A systematic study of the production water from these petroleum reservoirs revealed a
consistent presence of iron- and manganese-reducing microorganisms. It was found
that salinity and temperature play a significant and defining role in the occurrence and
distribution of these metal-reducing microorganisms. Biotic metal reduction was
detected from production waters from all but one of the oil wells sampled. It was
significant that the water from this well (Neftcala #1074) was the most saline (78 g/l
NaCI). Metal-reducing activity was detected at temperatures up to 70°C.
Two pure cultures, strains RED1 for Redwash petroleum reservoir (USA) and NEF1
from the Neftcala petroleum reservoir (Azerbaijan) were isolated and characterized.
The strains had diverse physiological and metabolic properties including the ability to
oxidize a wide range of carbon compounds and reduce a variety of metals. Their
temperature, salinity and pH optima varied markedly. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S
rRNA of strain RED1 showed that the strain represented a new species of a new genus
in the domain Bacteria. The bacterium most closely related to strain RED1 is the
fermentative Fe(III)-reducer, Pelobacter acetylenicus (similarity value, 92.8%). Strain
NEF1 possesses a unique combination of phenotypic traits and a low mol % G+C.
From preliminary analyses and comparative biochemistry, NEF1 appears to be a novel
metal-reducing bacterium of the Flexistipes group.
The bacteria isolated in this study were able to grow at temperatures and salinities
consistent with the reservoir from which they were isolated. This indicated that
petroleum reservoirs are a new source of physiologically diverse, novel, metal-reducing
microorganisms. The bacteria isolated also demonstrated a number of characteristics
that would enable them to survive and persist in extreme subsurface conditions and
develop a selective ecological advantage in petroleum reservoir environments.
Significantly, the metal-reducing bacteria isolated were able to utilize an array of
metabolic products produced by bacteria indigenous to petroleum reservoirs. This has
resulted in a new proposed model for the ecological succession of bacteria in petroleum
reservoirs.
43
Currie, Carolyn Ann. "Petroleum salts, alternatives for soil reclamation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq20822.pdf.
Full text
44
Asomaning, Samuel. "Heat exchanger fouling by petroleum asphaltenes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25011.pdf.
Full text
45
Kwan, Kwok-wing, and 關國榮. "Marketing strategies for liquefied petroleum gas." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31264967.
Full text
46
Herbert-Burns, Rupert. "Petroleum geopolitics : a framework of analysis." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4035.
Full textAbstract:
The playing field upon which actors, both state and non-state, develop strategies to secure existing supplies of oil and seek access to new ones is as systemically, politically and strategically complex is as it is geographically vast. In considering this activity, the terminology used by pundits and journalists to describe the significance of issues such as oil demand, the complexities of access to petroleum and concerns over security threats to supplies of oil is familiar. Juxtapositions such as the ‘geopolitics of oil', ‘energy geopolitics', the ‘geopolitics of resource wars' and the ‘geopolitics of oil and gas' are all familiar. But what do they mean when they use ‘geopolitics' in this context? Thus, by extension, can petroleum geopolitics - a hybrid conceptual construction used in this thesis - be disassembled into its component parts, analysed and systematically understood. This is the aim of this thesis. This thesis contends that the very nature of oil and gas reserves, the processes of exploration and production, and the means that govern and characterise the transportation of petroleum overland and by sea is inherently geopolitical - that some core features of geopolitical theory and key geopolitical concepts are pivotal in determining the ontology and process of the international oil business. Indeed, so central has oil been to the advancement of industrial capacity, technology, warfare, transportation and economic prosperity of states since the 20th century, it could be argued that petroleum is the single largest determinant of the geopolitics that characterises the modern international system. In order to address the interrelationship and correlations between core aspects of the petroleum industry and causal geopolitical phenomena, I begin by advancing a framework of analysis that systematically binds key geopolitical features and concepts – specifically: Spatial Phenomena; Environmental Ontology; Territorial Access; Geopolitical Features; State and Non-state Concepts; and, Strategic Resources and Geopolitics - with examples of empirical findings revealed in subsequent chapters in the thesis. Fundamentally, this process works to assess causality and correlations between geopolitical phenomena such as space and distance, sovereignty, territory, boundaries, chokepoints, resource nationalism, transnationalism, resource security and conflict, and the features and processes inherent in petroleum reserves and the exploration, production and transportation of oil and gas. The framework is followed with a sequential analysis of the three empirical foci of the project: the ontology of oil and natural gas reserves; the planning and processes of exploration and production; and, the processes of the conveyance petroleum. I have concentrated my research to activities within Eurasia, which comprises the traditional continents of Europe and Asia, and the Indo-Pacific maritime realm, which extends eastwards from the Red Sea to the western Pacific Rim. After systematically assessing the empirical findings and examining key areas of geopolitical theory, I conclude that there is an identifiable and logical correlation between geopolitical phenomena, petroleum reserves, and the means to produce and distribute oil and gas between source and market.
47
Woods, William Eric. "Copper migration through petroleum-treated soils." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722463.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the project was to determine the effect of various petroleum amendments on the migration rate of Cu. The petroleum amendments used in this research are frequently added to the soil surface in petroleum landfarming. Such petroleum wastes often contain significant amounts of Cu and other metals.Soil columns were amended with citric acid, used crankcase oil and Illinois crude oil. Each amendment was spiked (treated) with three different concentrations of Cu and each treatment was replicated three times. The columns were leached once per week, for ten weeks, with distilled water acidified to pH 4.5 to simulate acid rain. Leachate from the soil columns was analyzed weekly for total Cu. At the end of the ten week period, the soil was analyzed for Cu and TOC content at 7 cm intervals to determine the amount of migration by Cu and the organic amendments, resectively. The soil (a Glynwood silt loam) and the organic amendments were each analyzed for total Cu to determine background levels. The soil was analyzed for pH, TOC, electrical conductivity and soil texture.Analysis of the leachate and soil showed differential migration of Cu through the soil columns. Significant levels of Cu leached in the columns amended with citric acid (as high as 85.3 mg/L) in the first 3 weeks of the study. The Cu content of the leachate from columns amended with crude petroleum were at approximately background levels (5.5 mg/L) as was the leachate from columns amended with crankcase oil (0.2 mg/L). In the later weeks of the research, as the petroleum amendments were broken down by microorganisms, some Cu was chelated to small fragments of the petroleum and leached through the soil columns. Most of the Cu appeared to remain on the surface of the columns, bound to the petroleum amendments. Analysis of the soil, for total Cu content with depth, showed very little Cu accumulation at any depth in the soil column, beyond the soil surface. In most cases Cu levels remained near the background levels found in the control columns.Moderate correlation was found (r2 = .59 for crude oil; r2 = - .54 for crankcase oil; r2 = .85 for citric acid) between Cu levels and TOC levels in the soil columns with depth.From the results of the current study it can be inferred that practices such as petroleum landfarming and land disposal of some hazardous materials may allow for the migration of both the applied petroleum wastes and any metals which may be contained within.Department of Natural Resources
48
Bigge, M. Ashley. "Investigations of petroleum-bearing fluid inclusions." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364805.
Full text
49
Horsfield, Mark Andrew. "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in petroleum engineering." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334172.
Full text
50
Vogdt, Joachim. "Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02132009-172348/.
Full text