Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Peuls (peuple d'Afrique) – Sénégal'
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Thiam, Mohamed. "Politiques de développement rural au Sénégal : l'exemple de l'élevage semi-nomade des Peul dans le sud-ouest du Ferlo : une activité en crise." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX23003.
Full textIn a sahel region of africa, animal production is first of all the business of the peul people; therefore trying to improve it means looking for a rise in a rise in the standard of living of this community. The south west of ferio is a zone of contact as well as a zone of permanent conflicts between the defenders of two systems of extensive production: one is pastoral supported by the4 peul, and the other is agriculture defended by the wolof and serer famers. The oppositions and rivalities provoked by these two systems strengthen the competition and the brawels between social groups. Now minority in the zone, the livestok rearers are loosers in the villages they have set up. Draught, overgrazing, the dispersion of livestock farmers, the lack of marketing infrastructures, of remunerative prices, of policies of planning together of rural organisation and development put the livestock into a state of quasi-perpetual crisis. Faced with this two-fold contraint of endemic as well as structural nature, the rearers have adoped adapta tive strategies to sustain their activity and for income resource diversification
Sow, Abdoul Aziz. "Essai de typologie des genres poétiques peuls (Mauritanie-Sénégal)." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040181.
Full textThe purpose of this PhD deals with oral Fulani poetry from the Fouta-Toro (Mauritania - Senegal) and is composed of three parts. In the first part, a sociological approach brings into relief the role and function of each of the social classes that are the generating of this literature. A brief survey of works already written on Fulani literature has put an emphasis on the specificity of the former in each Fulani cultural area. Starting from the local taxinomy of poetic genres, this thesis has achieved a typology of poetic genres by showing that poetry is produced in a specific context that regulates its performance and its reception. Poetic genres have had as a main axis of development the social classes that compose the Fulani society of Fouta-Toro. In the third and final part, the literary analysis illustrates two major aspects of this poetry. Rhythm is so far as poets use various means to create. Furthermore, it is the vector of an ideology proper to the social groups to which it is linked with
Kyburz, Olivier. "Les hiérarchies sociales et leurs fondements idéologiques chez les Haalpulaar'en (Sénégal)." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100206.
Full textThis thesis is based on a year and a half of fieldwork in the mid-valley of the Senegal River. Its main purposes to describe how a tukulor conceives of the social category to which he belongs, and what notions he appeals to, in order to distinguish himself from the others. In the first part, the rimbe - categories of the nobles - are exposed: Fulani, fishermen, political councilors, warriors and Muslim clerics. Fulani and fishermen exploit different parts of the valley and master distinct areas of knowledge. Whoever will master both domains of knowledge is to be viewed as anti-social and dangerous. These categories are thus in a complementary relationship. The Fulani chiefs have gained the stewardship of the next two categories. The first one, that of the councilors, is closely connected to them through kinship and has jealously kept close to its interests. The other one, the warriors, constituted of foreigner’s exhibit a total dedication to their leaders. The problem for both categories is one of dependency. As to the last noble category, the clerics, they originate from all others social categories. In the second part, dealing with craftsmen and praise-singers nyeenybe, the traditions specific to each groups are examined. There are important differences, notably in marriage practices. The goldsmiths, who are considered to be part of a Fulani lineage, see the "red leather mongers, themselves of Fulani origin, as the only group who could induce them to give up endogamy. Conversely, the non-fulani craftsmen claim equality between the diverse nyeenybe, and pretend that they take wives in any group of craftsmen. In conclusion, a hypothesis is adduced on the historical evolution of the institution of occupational castes in tokolor society, from the analysis of historical and genealogical data
Thiam, Mbaye Alassane. "L'histoire de l'enseignement et de la pédagogie coranique au Fuuta-Tooro : L'école de Cilon : son histoire et son influence (XVIIIe-XXe siècle)." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070137.
Full textIn this thesis, we have studied the history of the teaching and pedagogy of the coran. It's a method which is generally used in western africa and specifically in fuuta-tooro. Among the nine chapters of this thesis, we have just studied the classical system of the coranic education in fuuta-tooro, which is a republic of senegal. Chapter 1 deals with the islamic schools before the 18th. Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 are devoted to the history and the influence of the cilon school, and also to the followers of this latters foundator. As to the chapter 9, we have stressed on the used pedagogy in this type of teaching by insisting on the technical terms used in the fulani language
Vetturelli, Susanna. "Fertilità, cura e trasmissione del sapere tra le donne del gruppo Dimba-Tùlon di Kolda in Alta Casamance (Senegal)." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA083248.
Full textThe study of a device for therapeutic care of women’s fertility trouble among the Peul tribe in Upper-Casamance, is of great relevance to anyone with education, health or training professions dealing with multicultural situation. This device aims at understanding the patient’s case and defining the context in which the trouble first appeared. The author, who has herself been involved in the practices of dimba-túlon women from de Kolda area who treat women’s infertility through a therapeutic rite, aims at describing how this group of women explains women’s infertility as well as the kind of knowledge and therapeutic devices it sets up to cure all troubles impeding the process of procreation. Moreover, by concentrating and analysing the therapeutic techniques of the healer, father of the group, the author explains the theories on which they are based and the local etiologies about infertility troubles
Ba, Sada-Mamadou. "Du signe au blason : description des robes et des marques distinctives du bétail chez les Peuls Fulaabe de l’est du Sénégal." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EPHE5011.
Full textLearning to recognize the differences, sometimes extremely fine, between each head of cattle in his herd is a long process for the Fula cowherd. The man who has become an "expert" in telling differences that other, less experienced cowherds overlook is said to have ganndal, knowledge. The ability to notice tiny differences between cows by using several criteria (the color of the coat and "marks" on it, the shape and size of horns, etc.) is a form of ganndal that, though valued, does not suffice to turn the cowherd into a "true scholar". On the other hand, the ability to discover, under the set of traits identifying an individual cow, patterns that can be used to read the "signs" of fate endows the cowherd with a quite different reputation. The man with such a reputation is considered to be a sort of seer of the invisible, a siltigi; he will be both feared and respected. The cowherd who has attained this degree of ganndal is said to know sifa. Sifa, a specific form of vision and knowledge, constitutes in Fula culture an intellectual and ethical ideal. Strictly speaking, this is not an individual ideal. Every family, lineage segment, local group or tribe seeks to enhance its status through the heritage of ganndal to which it lays claim. This heritage is jealously kept with all sorts of measures being taken to keep rival groups from seizing it
Loncke, Sandrine. "Lignages et lignes de chant chez les Peuls Wodaabe du Niger." Paris, INALCO, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAL0017.
Full textEach of the fifteen Wodaabe lineages of Niger has its own "branding song". At interlineal ceremonies, these songs are used by the various lineages to identify each other. The Wodaabe consider them to be inherited from their lineal ancestors. All of these songs are indeed stylistically homogeneous, but none are quite the same. However, further analysis reveals that recognizing the authenticity of a song amounts to placing a stamp on it a posteriori. Indeed, this act of recognition is constantly revaluated according to a dynamic of integration and exclusion, whose main goal is to maintain the balance of power between the various lineages. Furthermore, whereas the Wodaabe describe these songs as branching out from a common trunk, they might more accurately be described as emerging through a process of continual differentiation - that is, through a network of ritual interactions that reveals how the social fabric of this nomadic society is constantly being temporally and spatially rewoven
Issaley, Nana Aïchatou. "L'élevage dans un contexte de communalisation au Niger : entre enjeux économiques et enjeux politiques : cas du département de Gouré et des éleveurs peuls." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0471.
Full textThis work focus on livestock in a communalization context in Niger, this study highlights the economic and political stakes for both a commune and a social group. With the establishment of the communes, livestock became the primary source of funding for local budget. The communes rely on the taxes levied on the cattle to fund their activities. As a result, in pastoral area, a livestock market conditions not only how well some communes are managed, but also their own existence. While Peullivestock holders provide the communes with significant resources, what are they receiving in return? Peul pastoralists now believe that entering the political arena is the most efficient way to have access to public resources, be heard by the communes and even the state. This renewed interest in politics translated into the involvment of peul in local politics, illustrating how a social minority emerges in the political arena. In addition to this involvment in politics and as they try to influence the communes, the Peul of Goure use a social and economic resistance, a form of market boycott they refer to as dangol pulaaku
Pondopoulo, Anna. "Les représentations françaises sur les Peuls et les Haalpulaar'en ("Toucouleurs") du XVIIIè au début du XXè : des stéréotypes à la connaissance scientifique." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070043.
Full textThe work explores how historical and ethnographical knowledge about the Fulbe, a group of West Africa, developed and changed in 19th century France. It analyses the beginnings of the epistemological mode! assigning the Fulbe unique and superior origins, "race", and culture, and it seeks to explain the reasons for this special vision of them over time. The eighteenth and the nineteenth century writings describing the Fulbe (travels narratives, ethnographic and anthropologic texts of the naval medical officers and of the colonial administrators) are inserted into an historical context (the exploration and the conquest of the African societies, the resistance to the colonizers, the activities of the scientific societies in France). The study analyses the history of the construction of the racial category of the Fulbe through a long period of the colonial situation; it explores both the continuity and the changes in the c1assificatory models, and shows the importance of a specific kind of racial discourse in the making of the history and of the ethnography of Africa to the first decades of the 20th century
Breusers, Mark. "On the move : mobility, land use and livelihood practices on the central plateau in Burkina Faso /." Münster : Lit, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399281808.
Full textNgal-Mumbala-Otseya. "Le mythe lebou : essai d'analyse semiotique. (dimensions initiatiques et symboliques)." Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0315.
Full textThe lebous of senegal have already been the subject of studies by anthropologists and ethno-psychiatrists. Approaching the subject from an angle different to that adopted by these researchers, the problem analyzed in this study may be stated as follows : tounka as a "literary space" constitutes a language, and as such it reveals its signification when understood as a language of initiation and symbols. By using a flexible concept of the symbol, i. E. Excluding all automatic reflexes in reading and interpreting it, the analysis demonstrates that the symbol is one of the elements of signification and only acquires meaning within a context of correlations. Based on signification, the study attempts to show that signification dervives from a relationship with symbolic ressources (categories, norms, rules, beliefs, etc. ) which exist in lebou society which alone can provide criteria through which such a conduct could be interpreted or identified. According to this angle of approach of textual data in tounka, the thesis appears as a relationship between the lebou socio-historical context and the symbols produced by the text
Diop-Ben-Geloune, Aminata. "Du Ndëp, un spoupçon de JE : approche clinique et psychanalytique d'un rituel thérapeutique au Sénégal, le Nde͏̈p." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR21019.
Full textLeebu, Serer and Wolof share some convergent customs and institutions. When a personality belonging to their ethnicities suffers of disorder of which etiology is referred to pangol-rab (invisibles creatures) occupying bodily and psychical space, NDEP is asked and practiced. What sort of problematic does it reveal? What efficiency does appear on it? Acknowledged as a collective therapy, doesn't it show in an individual and psychical dimension? In order to find answers to these questions, we have betaken ourself to Senegal to verify this hypothesis : the structuring process is accompanied with an anguish all the more as deep that culture prepares human to a form of being. Pulled about desire and reality, he unfolds codifiable symptoms amid his culture which settles a battery of therapies. Among those, Senegalese culture proposes one which refers to an analytical dimension and in the course of which the drawing up in language of what has been printed inside the subject brings him towards an anguish resolution and an inscription into the symbolic order which pre-exists towards him. This treaty argues a triple approach : - anthropological : conception of the human being, representation of disorder,- psychological : codification of madness, analysis of the situations, -psychoanalytical : real frame, imaginary and symbolic, so concepts such as signifying, phantasm, dream, body, myth, language, transfer. . . In a word, the intimate story of the subject, are asked through the underlying dynamic of dance, handling, watch songs but in the relation ndepe-ndepkat, too. This frame staying as a holder, the subject allows himself to untie his story and express his desire close to the ndepkat empowered to hear him. The accompaniment aims at the dislodgement of the rab towards the ancestral altar and the registration of the subject in his fathers' symbolic order
Cissé, Abdoul Wahab. "Itinéraires migratoires et enjeux identitaires : étude de cas de la migration Sereer dans les Îles du Saloum (Sénégal)." Bordeaux 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR40045.
Full textCamara, Arsène. "Changement social chez les Peuls du Fuuta-Jaloo, de 1920 à nos jours : du Pastoralisme au Commerce." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INAL0012.
Full textThe kind of life criterion used to identify the Fulani remains pastoralism. However, for several decades, those of Fuuta-Jaloo have known an evolution which distances them more and more from this traditional activity. Because of the Fulani conservatism, the trade profession did not recruit from the Fulani until late. Under colonization, they only participated in the intensification of trade mainly as producer-sellers, acting in most cases under pressure from taxes. Before 1920, all trade was carried out by the Dyula and the Lebanese-Syrians. During this period, an increasing number of Fulani traders seem to have been registered.After Guinea's independence, on October 2, 1958, the commercial policy of the Sékou Touré regime, underpinned by the 1964 Framework Law, continued to oppose the creation of a bourgeoisie autonomous merchant. However, and despite the economic pressures exerted against private traders, Fulani trade has developed thanks to its ability to adapt to an unfavorable economic context and to its capacity for geographic expansion in neighboring countries. With the economic liberalism that took place in April 1984, Guinea became an El Dorado for exiled Guinean traders as well as for West African foreign traders. In this conjuncture, the Fulani traders were able to take advantage of the opportunities available to them; they now dominate all networks for the import and distribution of basic necessities and manufactured items
Awenengo, Dalberto Séverine. "Les Joola, la Casamance et l'État (1890-2004) : l'identisation Joola au sénégal." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070036.
Full textBetween the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the years 2000, the populations of lower casamance have gradually constituted and imagined themselves as a community and as a joola community. This work analyses the processes of this "identisation" - or identity building - which have emerged and seen themselves reinforced through the creation, the management, the imagination and the uses of casamance and senegal at first in the colonial order, then in the independent state. In other words, it examines the function of joola identity by going into the way the populations of lower casamance, casamance, senegal and the state were mutually practiced and imagined. This has promoted the composition of a community joola whose identity was standardized only very recently, under the effect of cultural works and inventions of tradition which has seen themselves multiplied with the start of the separatist movement of casamance in 1982. The study of the constructions - and theirs articulations - of the joola, casamancaise, senegalese and citizen identites, privileging various approaches of joola identity, shows that it is in the rupture of the citizenship connection and not in the formation of a joola or casamancaise identity that the casamance crisis must be understood. This work also allows to study differently, starting from the casamance and joola periphery, the colonial and the independent senegal, their models, heritages and modes of transmission. Based on sources of files of colonial and on oral testimonies, this thesis was also based on new and inaccessible private archives, that the volume of appendices makes it possible to consult partly
Daff, Amadou Talla. "Des Toucouleurs originaires de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal dans la région parisienne depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale." Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA131018.
Full textDiédhiou, Paul. "Le processus de construction de l'identité joola : analyse socio-anthropologique des conflits en milieu ajamat (Casamance, Sénégal)." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA1011.
Full textVidal, Laurent. "Les génies de la parole : rituels de possession en milieux Peul et Zarma au Niger." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05H084.
Full textPeul of western niger have taken from their neighbours (the Zarma) the practice of possession's rituals which have therapeutic vocation. Presentation and analysis of a certain number of historical times that lived those populations (on the fringe of orthodox islam ans possession's rituals) permit to define the foundation of possession's culture and to question about notions of myth, traditional religion and ritual. This approach of possession is organized around an omnipresent speaking which gives meaning to those practices. The speaking is at the center of the illness caused by a spirit from beginning to end, going through diagnosis. Being efficient, the speaking must be developed in discourses which are the expression of a knowledge. This stake concerns every speaking, whether fits in with a ritual time or not. Besides a wellconsidered and protected speaking, we found an explicit and familiar vocabulary, which never makes a possession humdrum. The increase in the number of carefully phrased remarks and, also, of technical precautions, which are part of every intervention binded to possession, is the expression of the fear of knowledge's calling into question. . .
Tandian, Aly. "Des migrations internationales à la question identitaire : redéfinition de statuts des migrants Haalpulaar et évolution des rôles féminins dans la vallée du fleuve Sénégal." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20004.
Full textFollowing the repeated droughts, the end of the welfare system. . . , many Senegalese citizens choose to expatriate. This situation is increased in the valley of the Senegalese river where the inhabitants don't resign to their fate for the leading majority of the male migration can be seen as a protest against the hard living conditions. Our research was carried out in the Haalpulaar society where there are free men, servants and slaves as well as a land supremacy of free men. Yet, with the increasing migration, new complex and remote destinations are defined for many reasons while making it possible to the migrant to acquire economic ressources. We would like to show the circulatory strategies through the country of settlement and the adjustement of ways of sociability in the native villages. Thus, from the emerging constructions of individual and collective identities, the aim of this research is to explain the effects of the male absence on the reconstruction of the family role and to assess the importance of capital in the Haalpulaar social structure
Pouilly, Sylvie. "De l'assignation ethnique à la revendication d'ethnicité : le cas des Diola de Casamance (Sénégal)." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0504.
Full text"classical" anthropology and journalists give a sort of ontological priority to the ethnic group, and tend to conceptual ize "etnicity" as an as historical substance. This critical analysis endeavors to replace the idea of a "primordial" dyola ethnic group with a historical approach to the construction of identities in a situation of resistance to governme nt power. As indicated by the title, this thesis takes as its starting point the way foreign observers have assigned ethnic group identities. The dyola ethnic group has come out of a theorical construction resulting from both semi-scientific classifications and a globalizing view from the outside. The ethnic group, a signifier in the ultimate sense of the word, has, in the struggle of the peoples called "dyola" against colonial power, thus emerged-grouded in ne w political and religious institutions. The dyola identity is based on opposition; it such brings to mind the concept of an ethnic identity as described by g. Devereux. The most achevied form of "dyola" political and religious unity was expressed in prophetism. In 1942 alinsitoue diatta laid the basis for a nationalism. In prison she became the symbol of dyola resistance. In 1980, given economic problems and the excesses of government imperialism the memory of this prophetes was revived- along with the notion of a mythicized ethnic identity- and used by political leaders to mobilize against the state. The independance movement disintegrated into guerilla warfare because it did not manage to figure among contemporary political myths
Djako, Arsène. "Agriculteurs sénoufo et éleveurs peul dans le Nord de la Côte d'Ivoire : une cohabitation difficile." Reims, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REIML012.
Full textPouget, Rousseau Cécile. "Evolution des populations serviles dans les sociétés peules d'Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100052.
Full textTraditionally nomadic breeders, the Fulani have settled themselves in several countries by instituting political structures based on Islam. In this movement of installation, they have captured a servile population wich had to carry out especially agricultural works. Today, on places of these former theocratic states, former masters and former slaves live together. Our research characterized the emancipation of these populations of servile origin, especially conditions of their economic development, in the Fulani societies of Macina, Fouta Djalon and Adamawa. The expression of the social status of the former slaves indicates that the former slaves can no longer be considered as slaves but that they have not became Fulani. The current organization of the habitations, the economic activities of both populations and their relationships to share space show that to each societies corresponds a form of emancipation. In the Fouta Djalon, if the former masters still control land tenure and thus exert pressures on the former slaves, in reality the competition between each other expresses itself to the level of their economic success. In Adamawa, apart some exceptions, we can notice the demographic and economic marginalisation of the former slaves. In the Macina, the relationships between Fulani and Rimaïbe and their activities are complementary, both of these groups are submitted to the insecurity of the local production. The former masters oppose a certain ideological resistance to the emancipation of their slaves, especially by means of Islam and Fulani values. But, they can not hinder their economic development witch is more dued to the own dynamism of the populations of servile origin and to the economic, ecologic local conditions than dued to the relationships that the former captives maintain with the former masters
Mathieu, Marie-Louise. "Donnant-donnant : les stratégies d'acteurs villageois face aux conditionnalités des projets de développement du Mali." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0119.
Full textSchmitz, Jean. "Du jihād à la migration internationale : la diaspora des républiques musulmanes de la vallée du Sénégal." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05H008.
Full textThe history of the Haalpulaaren of the Senegal River Valley during the last three centuries, could be summarized in four outlines of social organizations and patterns of change. Social and cultural anthropology provide the tools necessary to understand West African Islam and international migrations. First, and Imamate has been created at the end of the eighteenth century by muslims coming from heterotopia or liminal space located in the border of others African States. During the nineteenth century, clerical dynasties grew up inside a huge chess-board linking Moors of the right bank and Haalpulaaren of the left bank. From there, new "jihadic" movements left the Valley towards the West and actual Mali. Thirdly, in the twentieth, the internal organization of each small province shrunk in a mosaic of very small City-States where took place the irrigated perimeters of the 1970. A fourth configuration is the today migratory network which, like constellation, connect three poles -villages of departure, major African cities and Western Countries (France, USA)- in multilocal communities
Cissé, Babacar. "La société lébu dans sa profondeur : sociale, culturelle, économique et politique." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080785.
Full textOur work study is developped as following : general history of the lebu, throw their journey in egypt, in the ghana empire, in mauritania and finally in senegal. The social organisation : the role of each of the members (men, women and children). Culture in lebu's society ; its representation in each domain is shown with precision. Religion in lebu's society and the way they used it for political aims by creating a ministery of justice. Political organisation : the philosophy of lebu s traditional politic and its practice under the colonialist rule and, later, in independant senegal. Contribution of the lebu in the economic development of senegal by their different occupations : fishing, agiculture, etc. . . Problem of lands and how comprehension (accord) is always maintained between lebu and both french and senegalease autorities during and after the colonisation. Finally, perspectives of the future. Here, we expose some organisations created by the lebu to assure their local promotion. The best
Sagna, Joseph. "L'organisation socio-politique des diola (bayot et bandial) : étude diachronique." Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05H017.
Full textThe summary is a synthesis of our study whose topic is a social and political organization of Diola ethnic group (Bayot and Bandial) in Calamanco (Senegal). We chose to make a "diachronic" research rather than a comparative one between present and ancient society in order to enlighten the dialectic relation which exists between traditional society and colonization in the changes of Diola society and institutions. Our thesis is divided into two main periods: the pre-colonial period and the very period of colonization. So, the first part is mainly anthropological and tends to re-create Diola traditional society by analyzing symbols and thanks to those who have known it. Therefore, we have gradually studied traditional family and institutions, each by each, in order to give a precise idea of traditional society with its constitutional logic, its members and its organizational system. The second part deals with colonial period consisted of two major stages. The first stage relates to the discovery of Senegal, then of Casamance and to the beginning of exchanges. The second stage, more characteristic, concerns colonization and pacification of this area. We didn't bound our study to colonization but tried to analyze the period after independence to see whether this new advent would carry out deep changes or restore ancient order. As a matter of fact, we only want this summary to be a survey of our thesis and recall it can't, in any way, replace the argumentation and the basic analysis developed in our investigation. So, we invite those who are interested in our research work to cast a look at our thesis to understand our aim
Oumarou, Boubacar. "Dynamique des sociétés pasteurs nomades face à l'Etat du Niger : cas des Peuls de Say." Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/158310217#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThe pages of this study wanted to introduce the knowledge of traditional practices among Say Fulani. But they must make us ask a very important and modern: what is the future of nomadic societies ? This question reflects the precise impact of concrete implications that all this knowledge capital, practices behavior and strategies should play in the harmonious development of the traditional farming, so that it does not remain a wonderful fossil, but unnecessary. Since the colonial period to today, with the gradual establishment of technical structures, he dug e deep gap between the traditional experience of one hand and technical services on the other. This situation has created conflicts and problems that can not support any form of development
Crouzet, Yvan. "Les Hausa de Garoua (Nord-Cameroun) : identité et intégration d'une communauté immigrée." Paris, INALCO, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INAL0016.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to determine the constituent elements of the collective identity of the Hausa tradesmen and craftsmen settled in the Peul Kingdom of Garoua (Northern Cameroon), and also to determine the factors which have favoured, or on the contrary hindered, the integration of this community into the Garoua and "Grand-Nord" society, moreover into the Cameroonian nation. The study of the identity of the Hausa of Garoua requires the prior study of the Hausa people's identity, through its origins, heterogeneous, its founding myth, through to the social, political and economic organisation of the "Hausa land". The specific identity of the Hausa of Garoua and Northern Cameroon and consequently to their membership of a huge diaspora. The second part is devoted to the study of socio-cultural components of the Hausa identity, as revealed by the fieldwork, specially through the examination of the main patterns and poles of socialisation : the family, the professional guilds and the Muslim community. The last part opens with the presentation of the two geo-socio--politics spaces : Garoua and the "Grand-Nord" on the one hand, the Cameroonian nation on the other hand, within which the Huasa community had to become integrated. An integration that was successful in the first space, although within the limits set by the Peul aristocracy ; but difficult in the second space because of, at once, the state's partiality and the Hausa's reticence facing modernity values
Faye, Sylvain. "Le paludisme infantile chez les seereer du Sénégal : évolution des savoirs et pratiques thérapeutiques dans un contexte migratoire." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21194.
Full textThis study (thesis) analyzes the conditions of knowledge change and therapeutic behaviors related to infantile malaria, in a context of biomedical diffusion (campaigns and sensibilization or public education). We considered urban migration which is generally perceived as a favorable context. This research focuses on a seereer siin population in Niakhar, a Mbour migratory community (Senegal). It is based on qualitative surveys (interviews, direct observations, life experiences) carried out on the residents and within community health care structures at both the rural and urban areas. Malaria, which is locally refered to as sumaan ndiig, is an ordinary disease which is not the subject of elaborate representations provided by the tradition. This specificity accounts for the possible and various reinterpretations of its etiology. Consequently, the cultural representations thus do not constitute barriers to its integration to the biomedical, in this process of construction. If urban areas offer a favorable context to its diffusion, the availability of an innovative biomedical knowledge is not enough to influence the evolution of such practices. Behavioural change aimed at improving the resort to biomedical care also depends on the socio-economic situation, contextual characteristics and the provision of heath care facilities that are at the disposition of migrants
Ndiaye, Mame Birame. "Représentations socio-économiques et culturelles des migrants seereer à Dakar et création de l'association Ndef Leng : Analyse sociologique et perspectives de développement." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070006.
Full textSeereer traditional society is a peasant society based on subsistence farming. For a long time its main activity was millet, sorghum and corn farming, together with extensive livestock farming. Agricultural surpluses were made possible thanks to soil fertility and abundance of rain. Since the 1930's this society experienced profound social, economic and cultural mutations. First, through the introduction of cash crop peanut farming, then through the displacement of population policy from densely populated areas to less populated ones, and finally through the colonial legacy of independent Senegal. The progressive exhaustion of soils due to overexploitation combined with population pressure led to difficult access to land. The capital city of Senegal, Dakar, thus turned into the final destination of this population at risk. Despite harsh living conditions, leading to the creation of the federation of Seereer NGO's in Dakar, "Ndef Leng", which aims also at promoting the culture and endangered language of the Seereer, migration flows, involving all age groups, have not been stemmed
Cormier-Salem, Marie-Christine. "Contribution à l'étude géographique des espaces aquatiques : la Casamance." Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100136.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to analyse the explosive development of the fishery in casamance and to review aquatic spaces, in the framework of the production system. In casamance, the development of the fishery is one of the ways to overcome the farming system crisis. This crisis, which came about before the climate deterioriation, is structural, based on the opening-up of casamance, the introduction of the market economy and rural migrations. The flooded rice culture retreated fastier because of the 1960 drought, consequently inducing the soils and waters salinisation. The peasants show their adaptability in diversifying their activities and selling their local resources on the national and international market. At a global level, a typology of the village and the populations and a cartography of the fishery data show the importance of the changes. A more specific approach shows how individual and collective strategies are elaborated and to what extent the marketing system is controled by the local communities. The historical approach explains the conditions of the fishery development and the difference between the littoral societies' relationships with both the fishery and the sea : the farmers-fishermen exploit intensively the land
Diakité, Boubacar, and Boubacar Diakité. "Facteurs socioculturels et création d'entreprise en Guinée : étude exploratoire des ethnies peule et soussou." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17878.
Full textL'objectif principal de cette recherche consiste à identifier et à comparer les perceptions, les valeurs socioculturelles et les attitudes qui entrent en jeu dans le phénomène entrepreneurial en Guinée. Les valeurs modèlent la mentalité de l'entrepreneur, fondent ses activités et leur confèrent une signification et une légitimité. La recherche vise à déterminer celles qui poussent telle ou telle personne éduquée des milieux guinéens peul et soussou à s'adonner à des activités entrepreneuriales. La recherche privilégie une méthodologie mixte : quantitative, qualitative et comparative.
Elle s'appuie sur une recension documentaire relative aux valeurs socioculturelles des ethnies peule et soussou, un questionnaire et des entrevues qualitatives semi-structurées. Les données ont été recueillies auprès d'un échantillon d'entrepreneurs et de non-entrepreneurs issus des principales populations établies en Basse et Moyenne Guinée, tous volontaires et intéressés par la problématique visant à mieux comprendre la création d'entreprise au sein de ces ethnies. Les résultats présentés font état des caractéristiques des répondants et du rôle critique de leur milieu familial et ethnique, de leur entreprise, de leurs expériences entrepreneuriales, de leurs réseaux établis, de leurs valeurs et attitudes et de leurs perceptions de la création d'entreprise au sein de leur groupe d'appartenance.
Elle s'appuie sur une recension documentaire relative aux valeurs socioculturelles des ethnies peule et soussou, un questionnaire et des entrevues qualitatives semi-structurées. Les données ont été recueillies auprès d'un échantillon d'entrepreneurs et de non-entrepreneurs issus des principales populations établies en Basse et Moyenne Guinée, tous volontaires et intéressés par la problématique visant à mieux comprendre la création d'entreprise au sein de ces ethnies. Les résultats présentés font état des caractéristiques des répondants et du rôle critique de leur milieu familial et ethnique, de leur entreprise, de leurs expériences entrepreneuriales, de leurs réseaux établis, de leurs valeurs et attitudes et de leurs perceptions de la création d'entreprise au sein de leur groupe d'appartenance.
Les facteurs socioculturels identifiés associés à l'entrepreneuriat ethnique sont : le degré d'individualisme et de collectivisme au sein de l'ethnie, le degré de masculinité ou de féminité, le niveau de compétition au sein de la fratrie, le niveau de scolarité, la pratique du maraboutisme, l'importance du concept de baraka, l'existence des réseaux de relation, le statut et le revenu des futurs entrepreneurs, et le recours aux sources personnelles et familiales de financement de l'entreprise. Ainsi, l'interaction complexe de ces différents facteurs peut favoriser ou gêner l'émergence des entreprises.
Les facteurs socioculturels identifiés associés à l'entrepreneuriat ethnique sont : le degré d'individualisme et de collectivisme au sein de l'ethnie, le degré de masculinité ou de féminité, le niveau de compétition au sein de la fratrie, le niveau de scolarité, la pratique du maraboutisme, l'importance du concept de baraka, l'existence des réseaux de relation, le statut et le revenu des futurs entrepreneurs, et le recours aux sources personnelles et familiales de financement de l'entreprise. Ainsi, l'interaction complexe de ces différents facteurs peut favoriser ou gêner l'émergence des entreprises.
À la fois expression d'une culture et réaction à une situation de pauvreté, la création d'entreprise apparaît autant comme un choix délibéré pour certaines personnes que comme un passage obligé pour d'autres, qui n'ont pas une autre façon de s'en sortir. Le contexte historique et l'organisation familiale et sociale semblent expliquer le fait qu'il se crée plus d'entreprises au sein de l'ethnie peule que dans l'ethnie soussou. Mots clés : Facteurs socioculturels, création d'entreprise, entrepreneuriat, ethnie, culture, fratrie, baraka, Peul, Soussou, Guinée, Afrique.
À la fois expression d'une culture et réaction à une situation de pauvreté, la création d'entreprise apparaît autant comme un choix délibéré pour certaines personnes que comme un passage obligé pour d'autres, qui n'ont pas une autre façon de s'en sortir. Le contexte historique et l'organisation familiale et sociale semblent expliquer le fait qu'il se crée plus d'entreprises au sein de l'ethnie peule que dans l'ethnie soussou. Mots clés : Facteurs socioculturels, création d'entreprise, entrepreneuriat, ethnie, culture, fratrie, baraka, Peul, Soussou, Guinée, Afrique.
Diallo, Hamidou. "Histoire du Sahel au Burkina Faso : agriculteurs, pasteurs et islam (1740-1960)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10051.
Full textDieme, Jean-Louis. ""La mort diola" (ou la seconde naissance) : esquisse des éléments d'une anthropologie et d'une théologie diola de la mort." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040316.
Full textHow does the diola man conceive death ? For the diola man of the gassylai country side, brin or bandial in Casamance (Senegal), death is conceived like a great passage, a great voyage, a great crossing. Life and death constitute for him one and the same living reality which has got two different faces. Death is another name, another reality of life. Death is another life and dead is another living. He who dies undertakes a great voyage which permits him to go over from one world to another. He passes from the visible world to the invisible world. The first, the visible world, is the one of men; the second, the invisible world, is the one of the dead and of the ancestors. God, as for him, lives both in the visible world, for he is their sole creator, the father and mother of all the men and the living, the master of life and death
Sene, Diegane. "Evolution et limites de la christianisation en pays Sérère : 1880-1995." Lyon 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO31007.
Full textFall, Papa Demba. "Du village à la banlieue : l'évolution des villages Lebou du rivage méridional de Dakar." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100058.
Full textThe Lebou form an original community living in an urban environment. Although those who live in the villages along the southern coast belong to the great historic authority rulers of the Cap vert peninsula, they have a smaller political influence. Actually, the word lebou, a colonial formulation, does not designate a group but a social entity based on an assumed consanguinity. So we can refer to the Lebou as a tribe whose members have several features in common, and among them we shall retain pride and hostility towards outsiders. Besides creating a hybrid space, the periphery growth of Dakar generates urbanization at two levels two categories of suburb dwellers can be distinguished: on one hand, the autochthons that refuse any straight progress, on the other hand, the "neo-city dwellers" who try by all means to live a successful city experience. This explains in part why so many opportunities have been missed by the Lebou. These paradoxical and enigmatical facts can be appraised through three examples: - the decline on traditional activities mainly due to a refusal" to invest while urban growth creates a potential market, - the bad use of capitals drawn from land selling, - the small representation of the Lebou in new activities likes industry. We therefore wonder why the Lebou keep enjoying a relative local influence in spite of their small economic power. They owe it mainly to their relatives living at Dakar. But we notice here and there the questioning of the old hegemony particular through the superposition of state political power on traditional political power. An anthropology of everyday life and city experience help to discover all the africanity of the city. This africanity is expressed through the multifarious ways in which people respond to under-integration and or suburban poverty: "d system", micro- geo-strategies". . . Land management, which has as an objective to adjust the city to society and not the contrary, therefore appears as a common undertaking to which must take part populations who have a singular perception of their space
Guigou, Brigitte. "Les Changements du système familial et matrimonial : les Sérères du Siné (Sénégal)." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0014.
Full textDiagne, Mbacke. "Le bayot : langue atlantique nord, groupe bak, sous group jóola." Paris, INALCO, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INAL0005.
Full textMost of the spoken languages in the southern part of Senegal are endangered and will disappear if an important action of linguistic documentation and description is not undertaken. Bayot is a bak language of the joola subgroup spoken by a community of more than ten thousand members. It evoluate in a linguistic ecosystem in which more dynamic languages limits its usage in family surroundings. The ATR feature and the marks of tenses, aspects and moods are important elements in understanding how the rules of this language work. Bayot is an SVO type. The data base of this analysis are collected with the help inormants from various erias: Nyassia, Dakar, Yeumbeul, Thiaroye, and Rufisque
Wagué, Cheikhna. "Les communautés soninkées du Fouta Toro (Mauritanie, Sénégal) depuis la fin du XVIIIe siècle : peuplements, migrations et stratégies identitaires." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010568.
Full textGueye, Doudou Dièye. "Migrants sahéliens : pacte migratoire et mobilisations communautaires." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERS018S.
Full textThe migration of Soninkes and Toucouleurs' ethnics groups from the Senegal valley region is generally viewed as being under the control of the community benefit. And we try to understand the full the full details of this community control, we can notice a full system or a kind of a "migratory agreement that explains a sort of mutual investment between the migrants themselves and a their originated communities. The notion of mobilization considered an intense mental process to get emancipated from a probable fatal destiny, is put forward to explain this system. The migratory dynamics and migrants' strategies and their families to keep a real contact with people in villages are viewed from different generations' point of view and reveal that the innovations noticed in migration bring about an opposition between traditional hierarchies and new migrants' behaviours. And this rises the issue wether this "migratory system" will last for ever
Ndiaye, Lamine. "La relation parenté / mort chez les Wolof du Sénégal : traces traditionnelles et état actuel des représentations." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA1017.
Full textMane, Albert. "Approche de la culture balant (moyenne et basse Casamance, sud Sénégal) : société, maladie, thérapie, pouvoir." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05H029.
Full textThe ethnological name "Balant" is not a Senegalese speciality. We also meet "balant" people in Guinea-Bissau. Therefore concerning the ground the research worker is in the presence of one vast social entirety which cultural disparity has incited without any doubt the authors of colonial documents to diverse types of approaches. On the map the "Casamance" region was a kind of southern annexed confined between Gambia and Guinea-Bissau. This spacious region of south Senegal has given birth to two new regions: Ziguinchor and Kolda. The motive of this study is consecutive to the circumstances of our father's disease, who has been down with a cerebral tumour, in 1972. The different modern and traditional courses of treatments he had to follow before to regain health have brought us to centre its interest on three principal axises: disease, health, therapy, among the "bi-jaa" an under-group of the "Balant" people. It draws a certain number of typical common points of the cure in traditional Africa at one and the same time situates the traditional medicine in indigenous or "animistic" circle to an impact point between the knowledge and the faith. It had try to encircle the interpretation of disease and therapeutic rites, the political and economic system, the rites and collective ceremonies, the certain sights of social life and of the power idea among the "bi-jaa" people of "Casamance"
Dia, Amadou Ibrahima. "Corps, personnalisation et socialisation dans la culture Wolof." Toulouse 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU20052.
Full textMansare, Lamine. "Histoire des Mandingues au Fouta-Djallon du 18ème au 19ème siècles : alliance et conflits, acculturation et survie identitaire." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2034.
Full textFor various reasons both of economy and of safety, the futa Djallon was the theatre of Mandingo and Fulani migrations. Its occupation by Mandingo. people is visible, considering the names of the rivers and of the villages. There are also names of persons, animals, things, and some words, borrowed by Mandingo or Fulanes peoples. Mandingo and fulanese muslim peoples created the state of futa Djallon governed by the Barry family of Timbo. The Mandingoes occupied an outstanding position in that State, such as in the Province of Fodé Hadyi, that was allotted to them. This Province was broken up into different entities by the almamies of Timbo. Such a policy generated frustrations in the Mandingo community that caused the Hubbu dissidence, under the leadership of Alfa Mamadou Djuhé. Therefore, the Mandingo played a decisive role for the development of the State in the domains of farming, handicrafts, hunting, fishing and trade. They took a part in the diffusion of Islam in Futa Jallon and in the surrounding areas. For, from the birth to the death, no activity could be fulfilled without pronouncing the name of God. In spite of that domination of Islam, Muslim peoples were influenced by the ancestral Mandingo beliefs, especially the worship of ancestors, the divination, ant the magic
Diagne, Abdoulaye. "Les mutations agraires et la gestion des ressources naturelles dans le centre-ouest sénégalais : la communauté rurale de Ngoye." Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30048.
Full textThe changes which have affected the agrarian system in this densely populated part of Senegal began to be felt as soon as the groundnut was introduced in the nineteenth century. However it was only following attempts - centered on groundnut production - to modernize agriculture that the rural system underwent a profound transformation. The vegetation cover has declined and the soil has become less productive, both surface and underground water bodies have become scarce, game has disappeared entirely, bovine herds have been driven towards Ferlo and the tann, and demographic pressure on the land has reached a peak. Today, many features of pre-colonial Sereer social organization subsist, but the changes underway herald an unprecedented upheaval. The agrarian transformations, the high density of the population, continual emigration at an increasingly early age, and the consequences of that emigration for the local economy, all continue to determine new conditions of land tenure, as well as new social, environmental and even political issues in the villages in the area
Tarrière-Diop, Claire. "Les organisations paysannes dans la dynamique du changement social, le cas de la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010531.
Full textInquiries made in 1992-93 in the rural community of guede have allowed to charaterize the present organisational phenomenon through our analysis focused not on a peculiar type of peasant organisation (PO), but on the inter-po articulations and the place of the PO in the actors strategy. Our main question is about the social meaning of the PO. Specifically, which is the role of the PO in the ongoing process of social restructuration in the African countrysides ? What are the stakes of these new organisational dynamics ? With this work, we want to show on one side that behind the diversity of the PO exists more than a scattered whole of po without links. Even, if certain po like the village associations for development or the federations at a national level play a peculiar role, the number of synergies existing between the po as well as between themselves and the other actors plays a part in the construction of a peasantry movement. On the other side, through the po, a certain number of sociopolitical stakes are played, as well at the level of the village society (at once reproduction and innovation in the social relations, leaderschip phenomenon) as at the level of global society (state-peasants relations). At these two levels, the PO are both the result and the engine of change, but they are also a mean of managing social change
Ba, Abdoul Hamady. "Analyse des rapports entre les familles et l'école : cas des familles peules issues de l'immigration." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA083655.
Full textThis doctorate thesis aims at studying the relationships between immigrant Fula families and school. It examines the specific factors causing the children of those families to fail in school. The cultural feature named "palaagu" by Fula people often conflicts with the way French school works, resulting in misunderstanding between Fula families and school, which make think that such misunderstanding may also exist with other African communities. Removing this misunderstanding would require the teachers to be more well-informed about their pupils' culture
Querre, Madina. "Le bâton peul sur les sentiers de l'enfance : approche ethnologique de la socialisation de l'enfant peul dans la région du Séno (Burkina Faso)." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20934.
Full textThe area of the Seno, situated in the northeast of Burkina Faso, and characterised by very scarce rainfalls, is populated by herder/farmers of various ethnic groups, of which the Peul herders are the most important. The aim of this work has been to bring to light the fact of identity and its construction while considering from an external point of view the active invention of fulanitude. .
Saint-Lary-Maïga, Maud. "Les chefs peuls du Yatenga à l'épreuve du changement (Burkina Faso)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0176.
Full textIn the Yatenga kingdom, Fulbe people established as of the XVIIIth century, and submitted to the moose authorities. The colonial period brought them an important chage because five groupes became "canton" and their chiefs were allotted a power they could never have hoped. This thesis aims to understand first the place of fulbe chiefdoms in the sight of their history and transformations, but also how today they deal with the management of goods and services considered as collective. We can see through the comparison of two chiefdoms that chiefs know how to achieve their projects. They have adopted the same strategy : they rely on the past to legitimate their position in the society. However, their approach is different : one relies on Islam, the other one on development projects
Boulègue, Jean. "La traite, l'État, l'islam : les royaumes wolof du 15ème au 18ème siècle." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010502.
Full textThis work is focused in the north west of senegal area and the events take place between the portuguese navigations and the abolition of the slave-trade. This work is centred on the connection of an economical development brought mainly about by the atlantic trade, with the political and social dynamics featuring power, centralization and antagonisme increase. The first part deals with genesis then dislocation of the political regime set up by the wolof before the fifteenth century. This upsetting (sixteenth century) seems linked with the portuguese trade. Coastal kingdoms, best located, benefitted by the military advantages gained from trade. During the last third of this century, new european powers took the place of declining portugal. Means of response from states and society are the subject-matter of the second part. Profits gained by the kings enabled them to centralize and fill out their power. Royal agents increased in number, armies in strength. Gradation in taxation significantly stands out in this evolution. A great peasant unrest is to be seen from the first half of the seventeenth century. First the laman, local chiefs and collective land managers, tried to fight against the kings. Their abasement made easier the marabouts rising. Islam brought an answer to the destabilization of society. Two islamupheavals broke out a century apart. The first one (1673-1677) succeeded in establishing a short-lived confederation. Its defeat left a clear field to the setting of a slave-trade economy, benefitting to the french, settled in saint-louis and goree. This economy, promoted the rising, inside of the state and the society, of the warriors from now on fitted with fire-arms. The second upheaval (17761796), victorious in the neighbouring fuuta tooro, broke down on kajoor, the strongest wolof state