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Academic literature on the topic 'Peuplier – Racines – Croissance'
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Journal articles on the topic "Peuplier – Racines – Croissance"
Gaba-Chahboub, Hamida, Mohammed S. Lamhamedi, and Ouzna Abrous-Belbachir. "EFFET DE L’INOCULATION ECTOMYCORHIZIENNE EN PÉPINIÈRE SUR LA CROISSANCE ET LA NUTRITION DES PLANTS DU CÈDRE DE L’ATLAS EN ALGÉRIE." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 330, no. 330 (July 21, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2016.330.a31319.
Full textRenaud, André. "Communautés ethniques et collectivités indiennes au Canada." Articles 4, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/055165ar.
Full textGandsman Ari, Vanthune Karine. "Génocide." Anthropen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.098.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Peuplier – Racines – Croissance"
Richter, Felten Judith. "Développement racinaire du peuplier en réponse aux signaux fongiques lors de la mise en place de l'ectomycorhize." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10110/document.
Full textThe early phase of the interaction between tree roots and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi is accompanied by a stimulation of lateral root (LR) development. This thesis aims on understanding by which molecular mechanisms the interaction of plant and fungus induces LR stimulation. Therefore the ECM fungus L. bicolor in interaction with one of its mycorrhizal hosts, Populus tremula x Populus alba or with the non-mycorrhizal herbaceous model plant Arabidopsis thaliana was studied. We identified gene networks that regulate LR development during the early signal exchanges between Populus tremula x Populus alba and the ECM fungus Laccaria bicolor. We focussed on auxin transport and signalling pathways, as those are key actors regulating LR development. Experiments with poplar and Arabidopsis transgenic auxin response marker lines revealed that the presence of fungal signalling molecules modified auxin gradients in roots. Using microarray- and quantitative Real-time PCR based transcript profiling of poplar roots we uncovered the accumulation of transcripts of the polar auxin efflux carrier PtaPIN9 as well as of auxin responsive transcription factors. A. thaliana transgenics defective in these targets showed that they are crucial for fungus induced LR stimulation. Finally we identified an involvement of ethylene, jasmonates, brassinosteroids and ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) signalling during fungal LR induction. These pathways are known to be activated upon stress responses in the plant and to interact with auxin pathways. Together these data show how ECM fungi stimulate LR development in plants by interfering with endogenous auxin-levels, -distribution and -signalling most probably through stress signalling pathways
Plante, Pierre-Manuel. "Distribution racinaire de trois espèces d'arbres implantées en haies brise-vent selon deux types de sol contrastants." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29287/29287.pdf.
Full textVayssières, Alice. "Contrôle de l'auxine dans les modifications du développement racinaire du peuplier en réponse au champignon ectomycorhizien Laccaria bicolor." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0017/document.
Full textRoot systems of host trees are known to establish the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis with rhizospheric fungi. This mutualistic association leads to modifications of root development that including a stimulation of lateral host roots, and a modification in root growth. The phytohormone auxin (Indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) is known to regulate LRs formation and root growth. Our research focussed on auxin pathways in poplar root in response to L. bicolor. In this study, our data showed that the poplar-Laccaria bicolor interaction leads to the arrest of LRs and adventitious root growth after two weeks of interaction. We also showed that this arrest is not regulated by the Hartig net. Differential auxin responses were analyzed by using an auxin-responsive DR5::GUS marker line and revealed a loss of auxin response in ECM roots. An oligoarray-based transcript profiling of poplar roots in contact with L. bicolor highlights a differential expression of auxin asociated genes in ECM. Measurement of auxin metabolite in ECM and in the free living partners revealed an IAA accumulation, an activation of the IPyA (Indol-3-Pyruvic Acid) dependant IAA biosynthesis pathway in both partners, as well as changes in IAA conjugation pathways in poplar and in IAA degradation pathways in L. bicolor. Our findings illustrate the impact of L. bicolor colonization on root auxin metabolism and response, and also suggest a role of auxin as a signal in the formation of ECM and in the regulation of ECM function. In parallel, PtaPIN9 function analysis in response to L. bicolor has been performed. PtaPIN9 immunolocalization in poplar roots showed similar localization to AtPIN2 in epidermis cells. Transgenic lines having a modification in PtaPIN9 expression, did not formed new LRs in respond to L. bicolor. In ECM roots, the loss of PtaPIN9 signal is observed but modifications of PtaPIN9 expression did not modify the root growth arrest and the Hartig net formation. These results show major changes in auxin associate pathways in poplar root by the symbiotic fungus L. bicolor, during the formation of the mycorrhiza root. Our results offer perspectives on the role of auxin in root development and in the context plants-microbes interactions
Bizet, François. "Division et élongation cellulaire dans l'apex de la racine : diversité de réponses au déficit hydrique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0258/document.
Full textRegulation of root growth is a crucial capacity of plants for acclimatization to environmental stresses. At cell scale, this regulation is controlled through cell division and cell elongation but respective importance of these processes and interactions between them are still poorly known. Notably, the cell production activity of the root apical meristem (RAM) is often excluded. During this thesis, spatial analyses of growth along the root apex were coupled with temporal analyses of cell trajectories in order to decipher the links between cell division and cell elongation. This required the setup of a system for phenotyping root growth at a high spatiotemporal resolution which was applied to study the growth of roots from an euramerican poplar (Populus deltoides × Populus nigra) in response to different environmental stresses (osmotic stress or mechanical impedance). An important variability of root growth rate between individuals as well as individual cyclic variations of growth along time were observed despite tightly controlled environmental conditions. Use of this variability coupled with quantification of the RAM activity led us to a better understanding of the importance of the cell production rate for sustaining root growth. This work analyses a new spatiotemporal scale of growth variability poorly considered. Widely applicable to others scientific questioning, temporal analyses of cell fate once produced in the RAM is also discussed for non-steady growth conditions
Merret, Rémy. "Contrôle moléculaire de la croissance sous déficit hydrique : analyse cinématique et régulation de l'expression des aquaporines TIP1 dans l'apex de la racine du peuplier." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10069/document.
Full textThis study consideres the molecular control of cell expansion in poplar root apex. The study was focused on the regulation of the TIP1 aquaporins expression under two levels of water deficit. A conceptual framework combining transcript density analysis (quantitative PCR) at a high spatial resolution and a fluid mechanics formalism was established to describe the regulation of gene expression in time and space along the root apex. Two contrasting growth status were both studied: root growth rate is either restored (after three days of moderate stress, 80 mmol kg-1, 100 g L-1 polyethylene glycol PEG 3500 g mol-1) or root growth rate is reduced (after 3 days of high stress, 250 mosmol kg-1, 200 g L-1 PEG). Kinematic analysis revealed a differential sensitivity of the relative elemental growth rate (REGR) according to the stress level and to the coordinate along the apex. At the molecular level, we showed that growth reduction was associated with a shift of maximal densities of transcripts towards the first millimeters of the apex, where cell expansion was maintained. Meanwhile the induction/repression levels were never stronger than in the control condition underlying that a high transcript density does not mean a high transcriptional induction. Focused on the combination of two dynamic processes, cell expansion and gene expression, my thesis showed that the conclusions issued from the analyses of these processes are influenced by the way time, space and age are considered
Mula, Rachmat. "Modélisation tri-dimensionnelle de la croissance du système racinaire des plantes en milieu hétérogène avec un automate voxellaire : concepts de modélisation et application à des arbres en agroforesterie." Montpellier, ENSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSA0017.
Full textDynamic models of root systems should link the pattern of carbon allocation to different parts of the root system and the efficiency of belowground resources capture. Such a model could predict the dynamic growth of root systems in 3D heterogeneous soils. We present such a ‘parsimonious’ model with only six parameters, based on the voxel automata approach. Evidence for the need of such a model was provided by a field study of the spatial root distributions of two tree species, hybrid walnut trees (Juglans nigra x regia cv NG23) and hybrid poplars (Populus euramericana cv I214) cultivated with or without the competition with winter intercrops in southern France. Tree root distributions in the agroforestry plots were much deeper than those observed in the forestry plots, and/or extended laterally beneath the crop zone. More evidence of root plasticity was provided by pot experiments with heterogeneous substrates, or by enriching a small patch in water and/or nitrogen inside the container. The voxel automaton simulates both fine and coarse root growth, and automatically generates its topology. Both the control of ‘genetic’ and environmental factors are incorporated in the root growth process. Container experiments and a split-root experiment were used to parameterise the model for hybrid walnut trees (Juglans hindsii x regia) and wild cherry trees (Prunus avium L. ). The estimated parameter values for walnut and wild cherry trees allow the voxel automata model to be used to predict root patterns of both tree species in various heterogeneous soil experiments. For this purpose, an integration of the root model into a model of tree growth is necessary
Brédoire, Félix. "Impacts of global change on the biogeochemical cycling of water and nutrients in the soil-plant system and consequences for vegetation growth in south-western Siberia." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0033/document.
Full textPredicting the evolution of vegetation productivity in SW Siberia in the contextof global change remains a challenge because of major uncertainties concerningthe biogeochemical cycling and the plant-availability of water and nutrients. Weprovided insights on their relation to climate and soil properties, investigating sixcontrasting sites.Aspen stem radial growth is mainly sensitive to soil water budget in the foreststeppezone established in the south of SW Siberia while it is enhanced by highsummer temperatures in the sub-taiga, in the north of the region.Field measurements and water budget simulations revealed that snow-melt isimportant re-filling soil water reserves in the south. In the north, these reservesare mostly re-filled in autumn and snow-melt is associated with drainage. A thicksnow-pack also prevents soil from freezing in winter in the sub-taiga. Water deficitand soil freezing largely impact the distribution of fine roots within the soil profilewhich is deeper in forest-steppe than in sub-taiga.The homogeneous soil phosphorus (P) status in the region investigated revealedthis nutrient has not been yet very impacted by contrasting soil processes. High Pstocks, and in particular plant-available forms, suggest P is unlikely to be limitingunder current and future conditions.By contrast, we found differences in nitrogen (N) status. Above-ground litterdecay and the release of N occurs faster in sub-taiga than in forest-steppe. Higherdrainage may explain deeper N transfer in sub-taiga soils. However, sub-taiga soilsalso seem to be efficient in retaining N, limiting losses from the soil–plant system
Bilodeau-Gauthier, Simon. "Shoot and root responses of hybrid poplars to interspecific competition and soil fertility." Thèse, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4349/1/D2245.pdf.
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