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1

Boddapati, Srinivasa Rao, Hong Ma, Rajendra K. Bordia, and Alex K.-Y. Jen. "Interfacial-shear strength of the perfluorocyclobutane films on silicon." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 7 (2006): 1759–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0207.

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The debonding behavior of perfluorocyclobutane (PFCB) films on silicon (Si) has been investigated using Vickers indentation as a function of cure temperature and film thickness. PFCB films on Si were processed by spin coating (1–4 μm) and solution casting (20–60 μm). The interfacial shear strength of solution-cast PFCB films was independent of film thickness. The interfacial shear strength increased with cure temperature. The PFCB/Si cured at 225 °C exhibited interfacial shear strength of 123 MPa, and the strength increased to 163 MPa when the cure temperature was raised to 275 °C. The increas
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2

Smith, Dennis W., David A. Babb, Hiren V. Shah, et al. "Perfluorocyclobutane (PFCB) polyaryl ethers: versatile coatings materials." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 104, no. 1 (2000): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)00233-5.

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3

Wu, Jingbo, Scott T. Iacono, Gregory T. McCandless, Dennis W. Smith, and Bruce M. Novak. "Utilization of a Meldrum's acid towards functionalized fluoropolymers possessing dual reactivity for thermal crosslinking and post-polymerization modification." Chemical Communications 51, no. 44 (2015): 9220–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc02382c.

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4

Jia, Mingchen, Mingtao Zhou, Yongjun Li, Guolin Lu, and Xiaoyu Huang. "Construction of semi-fluorinated polyimides with perfluorocyclobutyl aryl ether-based side chains." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 7 (2018): 920–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py00004b.

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5

Zhou, Junfeng, Yangqing Tao, Xiaoyao Chen, et al. "Perfluorocyclobutyl-based polymers for functional materials." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 3, no. 7 (2019): 1280–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qm00001a.

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6

Cheng, Gang, Bryan Spraul, Dennis Smith, and Dvora Perahia. "Semi fluorinated polymers as surface energy controlled layers for liquid crystal alignment." RSC Advances 6, no. 73 (2016): 69412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra10730c.

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The effects of compounded hydrogenated–fluorinated surfaces formed by perfluorocyclobutane (PFCB)-containing polymers on the alignment of a liquid crystal, 4,4′-octylcycanobiphenyl (8CB), were investigated.
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7

Hong, Jiangjian, Liping Bi, Shining Li, et al. "Design and synthesis of reactive polymers containing perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) and hydroxyl moieties for post-functionalization of PFCB aryl ether polymers." Polymer 93 (June 2016): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2016.04.012.

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8

Zhu, Yuanqin, Yangen Huang, Wei-Dong Meng, Hongqi Li, and Feng-Ling Qing. "Novel perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB)-containing polymers formed by click chemistry." Polymer 47, no. 18 (2006): 6272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2006.06.066.

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9

Smith Jr., Dennis W., David A. Babb, Hiren V. Shah, et al. "ChemInform Abstract: Perfluorocyclobutane (PFCB) Polyaryl Ethers: Versatile Coatings Materials." ChemInform 31, no. 36 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200036252.

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10

Neilson, Andrew R., Steven M. Budy, John M. Ballato, and Dennis W. Smith. "Mixed Chromophore Perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) Copolymers for Tailored Light Emission." Macromolecules 40, no. 26 (2007): 9378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma0717688.

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11

Jia Jiang, C. L. Callender, C. Blanchetiere, et al. "Property-tailorable PFCB-containing polymers for wavelength division devices." Journal of Lightwave Technology 24, no. 8 (2006): 3227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2006.876901.

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12

Lu, Guolin, Xiaojun Jiang, Yongjun Li, Xuliang Lv, and Xiaoyu Huang. "Synthesis and self-assembly of PMBTFVB-g-PNIPAM fluorine-containing amphiphilic graft copolymer." RSC Advances 5, no. 91 (2015): 74947–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra14302k.

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This article reports the synthesis of an amphiphilic graft copolymer containing a perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) aryl ether-based backbone and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) side chains by a combination of thermal step-growth cycloaddition polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP).
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13

Jin, Jianyong, Chris M. Topping, S. Suresh, et al. "Synthesis and characterization of perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) polymers containing pendent phenylphosphine oxide." Polymer 46, no. 18 (2005): 6923–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.05.111.

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14

Kalaw, Grace Jones D., Judy Anne N. Wahome, Yuanqin Zhu, et al. "Perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB)-based polymer blends for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)." Journal of Membrane Science 431 (March 2013): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2012.12.012.

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15

Ligon, S. Clark, Chris M. Topping, Jianyong Jin, et al. "Synthesis and Thermal Characterization of Perfluorocyclobutyl(PFCB) Polymers Containing Crown Ether Vertebrae." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 205, no. 6 (2004): 801–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.200300101.

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16

Shah, H., D. Smith, J. Ballato, S. Foulger, P. Deguzman, and G. Nordin. "Direct generation of optical diffractive elements in perfluorocyclobutane (PFCB) polymers by soft lithography." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 12, no. 12 (2000): 1650–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.896337.

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17

Iacono, Scott T., Dirk Ewald, Amit Sankhe, Arno Rettenbacher, and Dennis W. Smith. "Sulfonated Fluorovinylene Aromatic Ether Polymers for Proton Exchange Membranes2." High Performance Polymers 19, no. 5-6 (2007): 581–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008307081200.

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A new semi-fluorinated perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) aryl ether containing polymer was prepared in high yield via the condensation of a commercial 4,4'-((1,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluorocyclobutane-1,2-diyl)bis(oxy))bisphenol (bisphenol T) and bis(trifluorovinyloxyether)biphenyl producing transparent, flexible films. The polymer system was structurally characterized using 1H and 19F NMR and exhibited a high degree of thermal stability as determined by thermogravimetric analysis capacity. The sulfonated analogue showed the highest degree of sulfonation at 27% from ion-exchange chromatography, producing a co
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18

Forgiarini Junior, Luiz Alberto, Arthur Rodrigo Ronconi Holand, Luiz Felipe Forgiarini, et al. "Endobronchial Perfluorocarbon Reduces Inflammatory Activity before and after Lung Transplantation in an Animal Experimental Model." Mediators of Inflammation 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/193484.

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Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of liquid perfluorocarbon (PFC) as an adjuvant substance for lung preservation and assess its role in pulmonary protection after transplantation.Methods. Seventy-two rat lungs were flushed with low-potassium dextran (LPD) solution and randomized into three main groups: control with LPD alone and experimental with 3 (PFC3) and 7 mL/kg (PFC7) of endobronchial PFC instilled just after harvest. Each group was divided into four subgroups according to preservation time (3, 6, 12, and 24 hours). Afterwards, we performed lung transplantation us
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19

Neilson, Andrew R., Steven M. Budy, John M. Ballato, and Dennis W. Smith. "Synthesis and characterization of highly fluorescent phenylene vinylene containing perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) aromatic ether polymers." Polymer 49, no. 15 (2008): 3228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2008.05.020.

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20

Brown, Dakarai K., Scott T. Iacono, Jean-Marc Cracowski, Kenneth Christensen, and Dennis W. Smith. "Synthesis and characterization of a biphenyl perfluorocyclobutyl (BP-PFCB) polyethylene glycol (PEG) blend compatibilizer." Polymers for Advanced Technologies 27, no. 10 (2016): 1389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.3808.

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21

Jin, Jianyong, Chris M. Topping, Shengrong Chen, John Ballato, Stephen H. Foulger, and Dennis W. Smith. "Synthesis and comparison of CF3 versus CH3 substituted perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) networks for optical applications." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 42, no. 20 (2004): 5292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.20342.

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22

Park, Jiyoung, Jung-Min Oh, Stephen E. Creager, and Dennis W. Smith Jr. "Grafting of chain-end-functionalized perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) aryl ether ionomers onto mesoporous carbon supports." Chemical Communications 48, no. 66 (2012): 8225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cc32836d.

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23

Ford, L. A., D. D. DesMarteau, and D. W. Smith. "Perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) aromatic polyethers: Synthesis and characterization of new sulfonimide containing monomers and fluoropolymers." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 126, no. 4 (2005): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2005.02.007.

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24

Pidcoke, Heather F., Robert E. Shade, Maryanne C. Herzig, et al. "A Third Generation Perfluorocarbon Causes Thrombocytopenia, Platelet Dysfunction and Changes In Blood Morphology in a Baboon Model Of Systemic Inflammation." Blood 122, no. 21 (2013): 2327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.2327.2327.

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Abstract A 3rd generation perfluorocarbon (PFC) is under development for the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). PFCs have high gas solubility and can deliver oxygen to support ischemic brain tissue. This drug increased brain tissue oxygen consumption, decreased infarct size, and improved functional deficits in animal models of brain injury, but it also caused transient thrombocytopenia of unknown etiology. Acute inflammation also causes platelet deficits and is common in the setting of severe TBI. The interaction between the two could exacerbate thrombocytopenia. Here we studied PFC ef
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25

Smith, Dennis W., Jianyong Jin, Hiren V. Shah, Yuan Xie, and Darryl D. DesMarteau. "Anomalous crystallinity in a semi-fluorinated perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) polymer containing the hexafluoro-i-propylidene (6F) linkage." Polymer 45, no. 17 (2004): 5755–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2004.06.011.

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26

Verma, Rajneesh, Neetu Tomar, Stephen E. Creager, and Dennis W. Smith. "Statically non-wetting electrospun perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) aryl ether polymer doped with room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)." Polymer 53, no. 11 (2012): 2211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2012.03.033.

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27

Wu, Jingbo, Benjamin R. Lund, Benjamin Batchelor, Daniel K. Dei, Shawna M. Liff, and Dennis W. Smith. "Suzuki polycondensation and post-polymerization modification toward electro-optic perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) aryl ether polymers: Synthesis and characterization." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 180 (December 2015): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.10.004.

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28

Caldona, Eugene B., Ernesto I. Borrego, Ketki E. Shelar, Karl M. Mukeba, and Dennis W. Smith. "Ring-Forming Polymerization toward Perfluorocyclobutyl and Ortho-Diynylarene-Derived Materials: From Synthesis to Practical Applications." Materials 14, no. 6 (2021): 1486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061486.

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Many desirable characteristics of polymers arise from the method of polymerization and structural features of their repeat units, which typically are responsible for the polymer’s performance at the cost of processability. While linear alternatives are popular, polymers composed of cyclic repeat units across their backbones have generally been shown to exhibit higher optical transparency, lower water absorption, and higher glass transition temperatures. These specifically include polymers built with either substituted alicyclic structures or aromatic rings, or both. In this review article, we
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29

Brown, Dakarai K., Jean-Marc Cracowski, Scott T. Iacono, Ken Christensen, and Dennis W. Smith. "Preparation of biphenyl perfluorocyclobutyl (BP-PFCB) polyethylene glycol (PEG) copolymers by the formation of fluorinated arylene vinylene ether (FAVE)." Polymer Bulletin 72, no. 6 (2015): 1393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-015-1344-1.

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30

Qian, Guoqing, Dennis W. Smith, and Brian C. Benicewicz. "Synthesis and characterization of high molecular weight perfluorocyclobutyl-containing polybenzimidazoles (PFCB–PBI) for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells." Polymer 50, no. 16 (2009): 3911–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2009.06.024.

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31

Huang, Rui, Jinshui Yao, Qiuhong Mu, Dan Peng, Hui Zhao, and Zhizhou Yang. "Study on the Synthesis and Thermal Stability of Silicone Resin Containing Trifluorovinyl Ether Groups." Polymers 12, no. 10 (2020): 2284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102284.

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Silicone resin is a high-temperature resistant material with excellent performance. The improvement of its thermal stability has always been the pursuit of researchers. In this paper, a sequence of silicone resins containing trifluorovinyl ether groups were prepared by the co-hydrolysis-polycondensation of methyl alkoxysilane monomers and {4-[trifluorovinyl(oxygen)]phenyl}methyldiethoxysilane. The structures of the silicone resins were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The curing process of them was studied by DSC and FT-IR spectra, and results showed that the curing of the resins included th
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32

Rubarth, Janne, Annekatrin Dreyer, Nils Guse, Jürgen W. Einax, and Ralf Ebinghaus. "Perfluorinated compounds in red-throated divers from the German Baltic Sea: new findings from their distribution in 10 different tissues." Environmental Chemistry 8, no. 4 (2011): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en10142.

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Environmental contextPerfluorinated compounds are commonly used chemicals that are detected globally in all environmental matrices. We investigated the extent of contamination by perfluorinated compounds in the red-throated diver, a marine predatory bird, and observed an unusual distribution of perfluorinated compounds in tissues. The data help us to better understand the behaviour of these contaminants in organisms. AbstractTwenty poly- and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were investigated in four red-throated divers (Gavia stellata) from the German Baltic Sea sampled in 2005. Concentrations
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33

Miller, Thomas F., Bart Milestone, Robert Stern, Thomas H. Shaffer, and Marla R. Wolfson. "Effects of perfluorochemical distribution and elimination dynamics on cardiopulmonary function." Journal of Applied Physiology 90, no. 3 (2001): 839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.90.3.839.

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Based on a physicochemical property profile, we tested the hypothesis that different perfluorochemical (PFC) liquids may have distinct effects on intrapulmonary PFC distribution, lung function, and PFC elimination kinetics during partial liquid ventilation (PLV). Young rabbits were studied in five groups [healthy, PLV with perflubron (PFB) or with perfluorodecalin (DEC); saline lavage injury and conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV); saline lavage injury PLV with PFB or with DEC]. Arterial blood chemistry, respiratory compliance (Cr), quantitative computed tomography of PFC distribution, a
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34

Marestin, Catherine, Xavier Thiry, Sergio Rojo, Edouard Chauveau, and Regis Mercier. "Synthesis of sulfonate ester and sulfonic acid-containing poly(arylene perfluorocyclobutane)s (PFCB) by direct copolymerization of a sulfonate ester-containing precursor." Polymer 108 (January 2017): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2016.11.061.

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35

Genuis, Stephen J., Luke Curtis, and Detlef Birkholz. "Gastrointestinal Elimination of Perfluorinated Compounds Using Cholestyramine and Chlorella pyrenoidosa." ISRN Toxicology 2013 (September 9, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/657849.

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Background. While perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are a family of commonly used synthetic compounds with many applications, some PFCs remain persistent within the human body due, in part, to enterohepatic recirculation and renal tubular reabsorption. With increasing recognition of potential harm to human health associated with PFC bioaccumulation, interventions to facilitate elimination of these toxicants are welcome in order to potentially preclude or overcome illness. Minimal research has been undertaken thus far on methods to accelerate human clearance of PFCs. Methods. To test for possible
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36

Yao, B., M. K. Vollmer, L. X. Zhou, et al. "In-situ measurements of atmospheric hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs) at the Shangdianzi regional background station, China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 5 (2012): 11151–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-11151-2012.

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Abstract. In-situ measurements of atmospheric hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs) have been conducted at the Shangdianzi (SDZ) Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) regional background station, China, from May 2010 to May 2011. The time series for 5 HFCs and 4 PFCs periodically showed high concentration events while background conditions occurred for 36% (HFC-32) to 83% (PFC-218) of all measurements. The mean mixing ratios during background conditions for HFC-23, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFC-152, CF4, PFC-116, PFC-218 and PFC-318 were 24.5, 5.86, 9.97, 66.0, 9.77, 79.1, 4.22, 0.56,
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37

Khamphasan, Ponsawan, Khomsorn Lomthaisong, Bhornchai Harakotr, Marvin Paul Scott, Kamol Lertrat, and Bhalang Suriharn. "Combining Ability and Heterosis for Agronomic Traits, Husk and Cob Pigment Concentration of Maize." Agriculture 10, no. 11 (2020): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10110510.

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The objective of this study was to identify the maize inbred lines with good general combining ability (GCA), good specific combining ability (SCA), high heterosis for yield and phytochemicals, and the crosses with high yield of yellow kernels and high anthocyanin content in cobs and husk, which was probably related to the high antioxidant activity. The parental lines including five unpigmented females and five pigmented males were crossed in North Carolina design II. The parents, the resulting 25 hybrids, and 5 controls were evaluated at two locations in the dry season of 2016/2017. Additive
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38

Nguyen, Viet Tung, Karina Yew-Hoong Gin, Martin Reinhard, and Changhui Liu. "Occurrence, fate, and fluxes of perfluorochemicals (PFCs) in an urban catchment: Marina Reservoir, Singapore." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 11 (2012): 2439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.475.

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A study was carried out to characterize the occurrence, sources and sinks of perfluorochemicals (PFCs) in the Marina Catchment and Reservoir, Singapore. Salinity depth profiles indicated the reservoir was stratified with lower layers consisting of sea water (salinity ranging from 32 to 35 g L−1) and a brackish surface layer containing approximately 14–65% seawater. The PFC mixture detected in catchment waters contained perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), particularly perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorohexanoate (PFHpA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and PFC transformation products. PFC co
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39

Kirchgeorg, Torben, Ingo Weinberg, Annekatrin Dreyer, and Ralf Ebinghaus. "Perfluorinated compounds in marine surface waters: data from the Baltic Sea and methodological challenges for future studies." Environmental Chemistry 7, no. 5 (2010): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en10039.

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Environmental context.Perfluorinated compounds are man-made chemicals of emerging environmental concern because of their global distribution in water, air and biota. We investigate the distribution of these chemicals in surface water of the Baltic Sea, a unique ecosystem and the world’s largest body of brackish water. The observed contamination was of the same order of magnitude as classical persistent organic pollutants in the world’s oceans, and decreased with lower population density in the Baltic Sea catchments. Abstract.Poly- and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are chemicals of emerging e
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40

Lonsdale, David M., Lisa J. Moisan, and Alison J. Harvey. "pFC1 to pFC7: A novel family of combinatorial cloning vectors." Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 13, no. 4 (1995): 343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02669189.

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41

Kenfaui, Driss, Moussa Gomina, Jacques Noudem, and Daniel Chateigner. "Anisotropy of Transport Properties Correlated to Grain Boundary Density and Quantified Texture in Thick Oriented Ca3Co4O9 Ceramics." Materials 11, no. 7 (2018): 1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11071224.

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The misfit-layered Ca3Co4O9 oxide is being seen as a potential thermoelectric (TE) candidate for high-temperature power generation in air. Given the very small size and low strength exhibited by single crystals, grain-oriented Ca3Co4O9 ceramics are worth elaborating to capitalize on their anisotropy. However, the usual textured pellets are too thin to probe the TE properties along their principal crystallographic directions. In this paper, we report on the anisotropy of TE properties in the 350–860 K range within thick textured Ca3Co4O9 ceramics fabricated by moderately pressing at 1173 K stac
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42

Spiess, Bruce D. "Perfluorocarbon emulsions as a promising technology: a review of tissue and vascular gas dynamics." Journal of Applied Physiology 106, no. 4 (2009): 1444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.90995.2008.

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Perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions are halogen-substituted carbon nonpolar oils with resultant enhanced dissolved respiratory gas (O2, N2, CO2, nitric oxide) capabilities. In the first demonstration of enhanced O2 solubility, inhaled PFC could sustain rat metabolism. Intravenous emulsions were then trialed as “blood substitutes.” In the last 10 yr, biocomputational modeling has enhanced our mechanistic understanding of PFCs. Contemporary research is now taking advantage of these physiological discoveries and applying PFCs as “oxygen therapeutics,” as well as ways to enhance other gas movements. O
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43

Kunacheva, Chinagarn, Shuhei Tanaka, Shigeo Fujii, Suwanna Kitpati Boontanon, Chanatip Musirat, and Thana Wongwattana. "Determination of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in solid and liquid phase river water samples in Chao Phraya River, Thailand." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 3 (2011): 684–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.686.

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Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), especially perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are fully fluorinated organic compounds, which have been used in many industrial applications. These chemicals have contaminated surface water all over the world even in developing countries like Thailand. The previous study showed the contamination in Chao Phraya River in 2006 and 2007. The purposes of this field study were to determine the solid and liquid phase of PFCs contamination in Chao Phraya River and to compare the changes of PFC concentration in 2008. Surveys were conducte
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44

Droste, Elise S., Karina E. Adcock, Matthew J. Ashfold, et al. "Trends and emissions of six perfluorocarbons in the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 8 (2020): 4787–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4787-2020.

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Abstract. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are potent greenhouse gases with global warming potentials up to several thousand times greater than CO2 on a 100-year time horizon. The lack of any significant sinks for PFCs means that they have long atmospheric lifetimes of the order of thousands of years. Anthropogenic production is thought to be the only source for most PFCs. Here we report an update on the global atmospheric abundances of the following PFCs, most of which have for the first time been analytically separated according to their isomers: c-octafluorobutane (c-C4F8), n-decafluorobutane (n-C4F
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45

Pilarek, Maciej. "Liquid Perfluorochemicals as Flexible and Efficient Gas Carriers Applied in Bioprocess Engineering: An Updated Overview and Future Prospects." Chemical and Process Engineering 35, no. 4 (2014): 463–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cpe-2014-0035.

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Abstract Fully synthetic, biochemically inert and water-immiscible liquid perfluorochemicals (PFCs) are recognised as flexible liquid carriers/scavengers of gaseous compounds (respiratory gases mainly, i.e. O2 and CO2) and increasingly applied in bioprocess engineering. A range of unmatched physicochemical properties of liquid PFCs, i.e. outstanding chemo- and thermostability, extremely low surface tension, simultaneous hydro- and lipophobicity, which result from carbon chain substitution with fluorine atoms (the most electronegative chemical element) and the presence of intramolecular C-F bon
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Robertson, A., and D. Bonk. "Effect of Pressure on Second-Generation Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion Plants." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 116, no. 2 (1994): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906826.

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In the search for a more efficient, less costly, and more environmentally responsible method for generating electrical power from coal, research and development has turned to advanced pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) and coal gasification technologies. A logical extension of this work is the second-generation PFBC plant, which incorporates key components of each of these technologies. In this new type of plant, coal is devolatilized/carbonized before it is injected into the PFB combustor bed, and the low-Btu fuel gas produced by this process is burned in a gas turbine topping combus
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Lee, Shun-hwa, Yeon-jung Cho, Miran Lee, and Byung-Dae Lee. "Detection and Treatment Methods for Perfluorinated Compounds in Wastewater Treatment Plants." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (2019): 2500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9122500.

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We surveyed the variation in perfluorinated compound (PFC) concentrations entering urban wastewater treatment plants and then designed an optimal PFCs treatment method based on a pilot test. The PFCs influent concentration was found to be affected by the types of industries and operating rate. The concentration of PFCs in the wastewater treatment effluent was slightly lower than that of the influent. Thus, PFCs had not been adequately removed by the existing biological treatments. The pilot test results showed that about 10% of PFCs was removed by coagulation and precipitation, and the ozone a
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48

Ivy, D. J., T. Arnold, C. M. Harth, et al. "Atmospheric histories and growth trends of C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>10</sub>, C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>12</sub>, C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>14</sub>, C<sub>7</sub>F<sub>16</sub> and C<sub>8</sub>F<sub>18</sub>." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 2 (2012): 4165–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-4165-2012.

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Abstract. The first atmospheric observations and trends are presented for the high molecular weight perfluorocarbons (PFCs): decafluorobutane (C4F10), dodecafluoropentane (C5F12), tetradecafluorohexane (C6F14), hexadecafluoroheptane (C7F16) and octadecafluorooctane (C8F18). Their atmospheric histories are based on measurements of 38 Northern Hemisphere and 46 Southern Hemisphere archived air samples collected between 1973 to 2011 using the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) "Medusa" preconcentration gas chromatography-mass spectrometry systems. A new calibration scale was pre
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Say, Daniel, Alistair J. Manning, Luke M. Western, et al. "Global trends and European emissions of tetrafluoromethane (CF<sub>4</sub>), hexafluoroethane (C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>6</sub>) and octafluoropropane (C<sub>3</sub>F<sub>8</sub>)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 3 (2021): 2149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2149-2021.

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Abstract. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are amongst the most potent greenhouse gases listed under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). With atmospheric lifetimes on the order of thousands to tens of thousands of years, PFC emissions represent a permanent alteration to the global atmosphere on human timescales. While the industries responsible for the vast majority of these emissions – aluminium smelting and semi-conductor manufacturing – have made efficiency improvements and introduced abatement measures, the global mean mole fractions of three PFCs, namely tetrafluoro
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Varadarajulu, Shyam, C. Mel Wilcox, Sahibzada Latif, Milind Phadnis, and John D. Christein. "Management of Pancreatic Fluid Collections: A Changing of the Guard from Surgery to Endoscopy." American Surgeon 77, no. 12 (2011): 1650–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481107701237.

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The aim of this study was to assess for any trend in management of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) and identify impacting factors. The endoscopy and surgical databases were queried for PFC patients. PFCs were categorized as pseudocysts (PP) or complex collections (CC) that included abscess/necrosis. The outcome measures were to compare the utilization of surgery and endoscopy from 2004 to 2007 (group I) and from 2008 to 2010 (group II) and identify factors impacting practice patterns. A total of 285 patients were treated: group I included 119 and group II 166. Of 119 group I patients, 29 p
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