Journal articles: 'PFFC'

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Chakraborty, Chanchal, Manas Kumar Bera, Utpal Rana, and Sudip Malik. "Vice versa donor acceptor fluorene–ferrocene alternate copolymer: a twisted ribbon for electrical switching." Chemical Communications 51, no. 66 (2015): 13123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc04275e.

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VARADHARAJAN, Sundaramurthy, B. K. Chandrashekar SAGAR, Pundi N. RANGARAJAN, and Govindarajan PADMANABAN. "Localization of ferrochelatase in Plasmodium falciparum." Biochemical Journal 384, no. 2 (November 23, 2004): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20040952.

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Our previous studies have demonstrated de novo haem biosynthesis in the malarial parasite (Plasmodium falciparum and P. berghei). It has also been shown that the first enzyme of the pathway is the parasite genome-coded ALA (δ-aminolaevulinate) synthase localized in the parasite mitochondrion, whereas the second enzyme, ALAD (ALA dehydratase), is accounted for by two species: one species imported from the host red blood cell into the parasite cytosol and another parasite genome-coded species in the apicoplast. In the present study, specific antibodies have been raised to PfFC (parasite genome-coded ferrochelatase), the terminal enzyme of the haem-biosynthetic pathway, using recombinant truncated protein. With the use of these antibodies as well as those against the hFC (host red cell ferrochelatase) and other marker proteins, immunofluorescence studies were performed. The results reveal that P. falciparum in culture manifests a broad distribution of hFC and a localized distribution of PfFC in the parasite. However, PfFC is not localized to the parasite mitochondrion. Immunoelectron-microscopy studies reveal that PfFC is indeed localized to the apicoplast, whereas hFC is distributed in the parasite cytoplasm. These results on the localization of PfFC are unexpected and are at variance with theoretical predictions based on leader sequence analysis. Biochemical studies using the parasite cytosolic and organellar fractions reveal that the cytosol containing hFC accounts for 80% of FC enzymic activity, whereas the organellar fraction containing PfFC accounts for the remaining 20%. Interestingly, both the isolated cytosolic and organellar fractions are capable of independent haem synthesis in vitro from [4-14C]ALA, with the cytosol being three times more efficient compared with the organellar fraction. With [2-14C]glycine, most of the haem is synthesized in the organellar fraction. Thus haem is synthesized in two independent compartments: in the cytosol, using the imported host enzymes, and in the organellar fractions, using the parasite genome-coded enzymes.

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Watson, P. D., and M. B. Wolf. "Filtration coefficient in cat hindlimb using protein concentration changes." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 256, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): H186—H194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1989.256.1.h186.

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The maximum value of capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) in maximally vasodilated cat skeletal muscle is disputed. It was hypothesized that the wide range of reported values was caused by the inability of gravimetric and volumetric measurements of tissue volume to separate transcapillary filtration from vascular volume changes. Consequently, we developed a method of measuring filtration rates from changes in venous protein concentration using Evan's blue-labeled albumin in the isolated hindlimb (pentobarbital sodium anesthesia). The filtration coefficient (PFFC) calculated from these filtration rates after a step in venous pressure should not be influenced by vascular volume changes. When the perfusate flow rate through the hindlimb was greater than 15 ml.min-1.100 g muscle-1, PFFC was 0.0085 +/- 0.0015 (SD, n = 8) ml.min-1.mmHg-1.100 g muscle-1. PFFC was observed to be unvarying from 1 to 12 min after the venous pressure elevation, in contrast to CFC values, which fall during the same period. It is argued that the difference between CFC and PFFC values is caused by vascular volume changes.

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Bonnet, Suzanna Maria, Claudine Pereira Dereczynski, and Ana Nunes. "Caracterização Sinótica e Climatológica de Eventos de Chuva Pós-Frontal no Rio de Janeiro." Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia 33, no. 3 (September 2018): 547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-7786333013.

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Resumo No Município do Rio de Janeiro (MRJ), verifica-se em certas situações de deslocamento de Sistemas Frontais (SFs), a ocorrência de chuvas fracas a moderadas, mesmo após a completa passagem do SF pelo Estado. Este fenômeno é conhecido na região como precipitação devido ao “efeito de circulação marítima”, mas não apresenta documentação, ficando restrito ao conhecimento dos previsores locais. O objetivo deste trabalho é elaborar uma climatologia da frequência de ocorrência desse fenômeno no MRJ para o período 2000-2013 e identificar as condições sinóticas associadas. A partir de imagens de satélite e dados de precipitação, as passagens de SFs pelo MRJ foram classificadas em três tipos: Pós-Frontais Sem Chuva (PFSC); Pós-Frontais Com Chuva (PFCC) e Pós-Frontais Excluídos (PFE). Os resultados indicam que mais da metade dos eventos são do tipo PFE (52%), 32% do tipo PFSC e 16% do tipo PFCC. Os casos PFE predominam no verão, os PFSC no inverno e primavera e os PFCC no outono. Os compostos dos casos PFSC e PFCC utilizando a Reanálise ERA-Interim indicam que a precipitação pós-frontal estaria associada à convergência de fortes ventos de sul junto à costa ao penetrar no continente, formando nuvens estratiformes, apesar do SF não estar mais atuando.

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Zhang, Qi, Yue Xu, Juhyung Lee, Michal Jarnik, Xufeng Wu, Juan S. Bonifacino, Jingshi Shen, and Yihong Ye. "A myosin-7B–dependent endocytosis pathway mediates cellular entry of α-synuclein fibrils and polycation-bearing cargos." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 20 (May 4, 2020): 10865–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918617117.

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Cell-to-cell transmission of misfolding-prone α-synuclein (α-Syn) has emerged as a key pathological event in Parkinson’s disease. This process is initiated when α-Syn–bearing fibrils enter cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Using a CRISPR-mediated knockout screen, we identify SLC35B2 and myosin-7B (MYO7B) as critical endocytosis regulators for α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs). We show that SLC35B2, as a key regulator of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) biosynthesis, is essential for recruiting α-Syn PFFs to the cell surface because this process is mediated by interactions between negatively charged sugar moieties of HSPGs and clustered K-T-K motifs in α-Syn PFFs. By contrast, MYO7B regulates α-Syn PFF cell entry by maintaining a plasma membrane-associated actin network that controls membrane dynamics. Without MYO7B or actin filaments, many clathrin-coated pits fail to be severed from the membrane, causing accumulation of large clathrin-containing “scars” on the cell surface. Intriguingly, the requirement for MYO7B in endocytosis is restricted to α-Syn PFFs and other polycation-bearing cargos that enter cells via HSPGs. Thus, our study not only defines regulatory factors for α-Syn PFF endocytosis, but also reveals a previously unknown endocytosis mechanism for HSPG-binding cargos in general, which requires forces generated by MYO7B and actin filaments.

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Jarvela, Timothy S., Kriti Chaplot, and Iris Lindberg. "A protease protection assay for the detection of internalized alpha-synuclein pre-formed fibrils." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): e0241161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241161.

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Alpha-synuclein pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) represent a promising model system for the study of cellular processes underlying cell-to-cell transmission of alpha-synuclein proteopathic aggregates. However, the ability to differentiate the fate of internalized PFFs from those which remain in the extracellular environment remains limited due to the propensity for PFFs to adhere to the cell surface. Removal of PFFs requires repeated washing and/or specific quenching of extracellular fluorescent PFF signals. In this paper we present a new method for analyzing the fate of internalized alpha-synuclein. We inserted a tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease cleavage site between alpha-synuclein and green fluorescent protein and subjected cells to brief treatment with TEV protease after incubation with tagged PFFs. As the TEV protease is highly specific, non-toxic, and active under physiological conditions, protection from TEV cleavage can be used to distinguish internalized PFFs from those which remain attached to the cell surface. Using this experimental paradigm, downstream intracellular events can be analyzed via live or fixed cell microscopy as well as by Western blotting. We suggest that this method will be useful for understanding the fate of PFFs after endocytosis under various experimental manipulations.

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Rao, Raghavendra, Srilatha Parampalli Srinivas, and Varsha M. Shetty. "A case of Giant Perifollicular Fibroma - a Diagnostic Challenge." Serbian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjdv-2020-0004.

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AbstractPerifollicular fibroma (PFF) is a rare proliferative lesion originating from the perifollicular connective tissue sheath. It may be congenital or acquired manifesting as skin colored to pink, asymptomatic papules of 1-5 mm in size. They are commonly distributed in the head and neck region. Multiple PFFs may be associated with internal malignancy or as a part of Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome. Histopathology serves as an essential tool in clinching the diagnosis. Herein we report a case of giant congenital PFF.

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Jain, Sameer, Ganesh Mohrir, Oliver Townsend, Jonathan N. Lamb, Jeya Palan, Joseph Aderinto, and Hemant Pandit. "Reliability and validity of the Unified Classification System for postoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures around cemented polished taper-slip stems." Bone & Joint Journal 103-B, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 1339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.103b8.bjj-2021-0021.r1.

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Aims This aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Unified Classification System (UCS) for postoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) around cemented polished taper-slip (PTS) stems. Methods Radiographs of 71 patients with a PFF admitted consecutively at two centres between 25 February 2012 and 19 May 2020 were collated by an independent investigator. Six observers (three hip consultants and three trainees) were familiarized with the UCS. Each PFF was classified on two separate occasions, with a mean time between assessments of 22.7 days (16 to 29). Interobserver reliability for more than two observers was assessed using percentage agreement and Fleiss’ kappa statistic. Intraobserver reliability between two observers was calculated with Cohen kappa statistic. Validity was tested on surgically managed UCS type B PFFs where stem stability was documented in operation notes (n = 50). Validity was assessed using percentage agreement and Cohen kappa statistic between radiological assessment and intraoperative findings. Kappa statistics were interpreted using Landis and Koch criteria. All six observers were blinded to operation notes and postoperative radiographs. Results Interobserver reliability percentage agreement was 58.5% and the overall kappa value was 0.442 (moderate agreement). Lowest kappa values were seen for type B fractures (0.095 to 0.360). The mean intraobserver reliability kappa value was 0.672 (0.447 to 0.867), indicating substantial agreement. Validity percentage agreement was 65.7% and the mean kappa value was 0.300 (0.160 to 0.4400) indicating only fair agreement. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the UCS is unsatisfactory for the classification of PFFs around PTS stems, and that it has considerably lower reliability and validity than previously described for other stem types. Radiological PTS stem loosening in the presence of PFF is poorly defined and formal intraoperative testing of stem stability is recommended. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(8):1339–1344.

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Roux, Amandine, Xinhe Wang, Katelyn Becker, and Jiyan Ma. "Modeling α-Synucleinopathy in Organotypic Brain Slice Culture with Preformed α-Synuclein Amyloid Fibrils." Journal of Parkinson's Disease 10, no. 4 (October 27, 2020): 1397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jpd-202026.

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Background: Synucleinopathy is a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by neurodegeneration and accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates in various brain regions. The detailed mechanism of α-syn-caused neurotoxicity remains obscure, which is partly due to the lack of a suitable model that retains the in vivo three-dimensional cellular network and allows a convenient dissection of the neurotoxic pathways. Recent studies revealed that the pre-formed recombinant α-syn amyloid fibrils (PFFs) induce a robust accumulation of pathogenic α-syn species in cultured cells and animals. Objective: Our goal is to determine whether PFFs are able to induce the pathogenic α-syn accumulation and neurotoxicity in organotypic brain slice culture, an ex vivo system that retains the in vivo three-dimensional cell-cell connections. Methods/Results: Adding PFFs to cultured wild-type rat or mouse brain slices induced a time-dependent accumulation of pathogenic α-syn species, which was indicated by α-syn phosphorylated at serine 129 (pα-syn). The PFF-induced pα-syn was abolished in brain slices prepared from α-syn null mice, suggesting that the pα-syn is from the phosphorylation of endogenous α-syn. Human PFFs also induced pα-syn in brain slices prepared from mice expressing human α-syn on a mouse α-syn-null background. Furthermore, the synaptophysin immunoreactivity was inversely associated with pα-syn accumulation and an increase of neuronal loss was detected. Conclusion: PFF-treatment of brain slices is able to induce key pathological features of synucleinopathy: pα-syn accumulation and neurotoxicity. This model will be useful for investigating the neurotoxic mechanism and evaluating efficacy of therapeutic approaches.

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Boutros, Sydney Weber, Jacob Raber, and Vivek K. Unni. "Effects of Alpha-Synuclein Targeted Antisense Oligonucleotides on Lewy Body-Like Pathology and Behavioral Disturbances Induced by Injections of Pre-Formed Fibrils in the Mouse Motor Cortex." Journal of Parkinson's Disease 11, no. 3 (August 2, 2021): 1091–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jpd-212566.

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Background: Alpha-synuclein (αsyn) characterizes neurodegenerative diseases known as synucleinopathies. The phosphorylated form (psyn) is the primary component of protein aggregates known as Lewy bodies (LBs), which are the hallmark of diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Synucleinopathies might spread in a prion-like fashion, leading to a progressive emergence of symptoms over time. αsyn pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) induce LB-like pathology in wild-type (WT) mice, but questions remain about their progressive spread and their associated effects on behavioral performance. Objective: To characterize the behavioral, cognitive, and pathological long-term effects of LB-like pathology induced after bilateral motor cortex PFF injection in WT mice and to assess the ability of mouse αsyn-targeted antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to ameliorate those effects. Methods: We induced LB-like pathology in the motor cortex and connected brain regions of male WT mice using PFFs. Three months post-PFF injection (mpi), we assessed behavioral and cognitive performance. We then delivered a targeted ASO via the ventricle and assessed behavioral and cognitive performance 5 weeks later, followed by pathological analysis. Results: At 3 and 6 mpi, PFF-injected mice showed mild, progressive behavioral deficits. The ASO reduced total αsyn and psyn protein levels, and LB-like pathology, but was also associated with some deleterious off-target effects not involving lowering of αsyn, such as a decline in body weight and impairments in motor function. Conclusions: These results increase understanding of the progressive nature of the PFF model and support the therapeutic potential of ASOs, though more investigation into effects of ASO-mediated reduction in αsyn on brain function is needed.

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Ito, M., M. Kitagawa, H. Iwata, T. Kuwayama, and Y. Monji. "344 FOLLICULAR FLUIDS COLLECTED FROM LARGE FOLLICLES IMPROVED THE PROGRESSION OF IN VITRO NUCLEAR MATURATION OF PIG OOCYTES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 1 (2007): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab344.

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The present study examined the effects of supplementation of in vitro maturation medium with porcine follicular fluids (pFFs) on the progression of nuclear maturation, subsequent fertilization, and development of pig oocytes. The pFFs were collected from follicles of different diameters: small follicles (SFs, 3–4 mm in diameter) and large follicles (LFs, 5-6 mm). In experiment 1, oocytes were collected from follicles 3–6 mm in diameter. The oocytes were cultured in maturation medium (NCSU-37) supplemented (10% v/v) with pFF from SFs (SpFF) or LFs (LpFF); the kinetics of nuclear maturation, fertilization rate, and developmental competence of oocytes were evaluated. In experiment 2, oocytes were collected from SFs or LFs, and the effects of supplementation of SpFF and LpFF on the nuclear maturation of these oocytes were examined. In experiment 3, each pFF was denaturated by heat treatment (60�C for 30 min) or trypsin treatment (200 �g mL-1), and the effects of these pFFs on the nuclear maturation of pig oocytes were examined. In experiment 4, pFFs were ultrafiltered, and separated into fractions greater and less than 30 kDa; the effects of the separated pFFs on nuclear maturation were examined. We used Student's t-test to examine the differences among the results; a P value less than 0.05 was considered to be significant. In experiment 1, the progression of nuclear maturation was significantly faster when the maturation medium was supplemented with LpFF than with SpFF (MI rates at 36 h after culture: LpFF, 20.0%, and SpFF, 35.0%; MII rates at 36 h after culture: LpFF, 33.3%, and SpFF, 20.0%). The rates of polyspermic fertilization were significantly lower in the maturation medium with LpFF than in that with SpFF (LpFF, 31.7%; SpFF, 66.7%). Moreover, the rates of monospermic fertilization (LpFF, 45.0%; SpFF, 21.7%) and blastocyst formation (LpFF, 15.2%; SpFF, 3.0%) were significantly greater in the medium supplemented with LpFF than with SpFF. In experiment 2, we observed that LpFF accelerated the progression of nuclear maturation of pig oocytes collected from LFs (MII rates at 36 h after culture: LpFF, 61.7%; SpFF, 35.5%), but not those collected from SFs (MII rates at 36 h after culture: LFs, 15.0%; SFs, 11.7%). In experiment 3, the accelerating effect of pFF on nuclear maturation was eliminated by heat (MII rates at 36 h after culture: LpFF, 30.0%; SpFF, 25.0%) or trypsin treatment (MII rates at 36 h after culture: LpFF, 20.0%; SpFF, 21.7%). In experiment 4, only LpFF with a molecular weight greater than 30 kDa had positive effects on the progression of nuclear maturation (MII rates at 36 h after culture with LpFF: >30 kDa, 30.0%; <30 kDa, 11.7%). The present study suggests that LpFF contains some proteins that improve the progression of nuclear maturation and the developmental competence of oocytes.

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Reis, Vanessa Paiva, Adriane Batista Pires Maia, Adriana Raymundo Bezerra, and Danielle Castex Conde. "Uso dos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual no Atendimento Odontológico Durante Surto da COVID-19 e Alternativas em Períodos de Desabastecimento: Revisão Integrativa." Revista Brasileira de Odontologia 77 (June 15, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18363/rbo.v77.2020.e1826.

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Objetivo: sistematizar a produção bibliográfica sobre as recomendações para uso, uso prolongado, reuso e descontaminação de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) no atendimento odontológico em período de surto epidêmico de COVID-19 a partir das evidências encontradas na literatura. Material e Métodos: foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica no dia 1 de maio de 2020 em bases bibliográficas eletrônicas brasileiras e internacionais (Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Web of Science e Pubmed), a partir da estratégia de busca (“individual protective equipment” AND “covid-19”), entre estudos publicados nos anos de 2015 a 2020. Foram também analisados documentos de órgãos de vigilância sanitária de diferentes países e recomendações da Associação Americana de Odontologia. Após aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão dos documentos, 20 estudos foram considerados elegíveis para a realização da revisão. Resultados: Há uma escassez de publicações que relacionem a odontologia e o uso de EPI durante a pandemia. O uso prolongado/reuso limitado de respiradores (N95, PFF2, PFF3) pode ser recomendado em períodos de grave desabastecimento de EPIs desde que a sua integridade e capacidade de vedação estejam mantidas. Os aventais de tecido não tecido, máscaras cirúrgicas, luvas e gorros são considerados equipamentos de uso único. Os protetores oculares podem ser reusados após limpeza e desinfecção. Conclusão: Em períodos de surtos epidêmicos da SARS-CoV-2 recomendamos para atendimento odontológico com geração de aerossol o uso de respiradores do tipo N95, PFF2, PFF3 ou equivalente, protetor facial que pode ser reusado após limpeza e desinfecção e o uso de avental impermeável, luvas e gorro que devem ser descartados a cada paciente.

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Tsiridis, Eleftherios, George Pavlou, Ram Venkatesh, Peter Bobak, and Graham Gie. "Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures around Hip Arthroplasty: Current Concepts in their Management." HIP International 19, no. 2 (April 2009): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112070000901900201.

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Peri-prosthetic fractures (PFF) are complex management problems in orthopaedic surgery. Their treatment has evolved with advances in principles of internal fixation and revision hip surgery. Current classification systems look at anatomical location, prosthesis stability and Bone quality. Recent evidence highlights the importance of fracture stability in treatment planning, the weaknesses of single plating, the increasing role of long stem revision and also the importance of Bone allografts. We present the principles of management of both intra and post-operative PFFs, including surgical techniques and published outcomes.

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Vluggen, Thom Pauline Maria Johannes, Raoul van Vugt, Bert Boonen, and Mark Hendrik Franciscus Keulen. "Management of two-level proximal femoral fractures." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 5 (May 2021): e240684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-240684.

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We present the case of an 82-year-old female, who experienced a ground-level fall on the trochanter of the right femur. X-rays showed a proximal femoral fracture (PFF) with an unclear and unusual fracture pattern. Three-dimensional CT images were obtained and showed a displaced femoral neck fracture and ipsilateral fracture of the greater trochanter. Our patient underwent unipolar hemiarthroplasty and fixation of the greater trochanter with a hook plate and cable grip. At 11 months, functional outcomes, patient satisfaction and quality of life were excellent. Primary osteoporosis was diagnosed and treatment with bisphosphonates was initiated.Two-level PFFs are rare and complex. Due to ageing and a subsequent increase in osteoporosis, numbers of PFFs with complex fracture patterns might increase in the future. Adequate treatment and early prevention of osteoporosis are key to reduce this risk and lower the overall burden. Surgical treatment should be patient-tailored and focus on minimising the risk of complications and reinterventions.

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Poudevigne, Melanie, Christina Day, Eon Campbell, Da’Lynn Mills, Reginald Porter, Ximena Zornosa, and Thomas Andre. "Fit for Fire: A 10-Week Low-Cost HIFT Experiential Learning Initiative between Underrepresented Kinesiology Undergraduates and Hypertensive Deconditioned Firefighters Improves Their Health and Fitness." Education Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11010033.

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The aims of this study were to investigate the feasibility of an experiential learning initiative led by minority exercise science undergraduates and to observe the adaptations after a 10-week high-intensity functional training (HIFT) program in 34 underrepresented, hypertensive, and overweight/obese professional firefighters (PFF; age: 36.8 ± 11.0 years, body weight: 97.3 ± 21.5 kg, height: 181.7 ± 6.6 cm; BMI: 29.2 ± 4.9 kg/m2). Data were analyzed for muscular strength and endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, body composition, agility, flexibility, and readiness for change. The PFFs trained two to three times weekly during their work shifts at vigorous intensity for 40 min. Their resting diastolic blood pressure and resting heart rate significantly decreased. Improvements in agility, muscular strength, and readiness for change were observed. This HIFT experiential learning initiative was feasible and beneficial and improved the PFFs’ health and physical fitness with limited resources. Accredited programs in exercise science participating in low-cost initiatives may aid in mitigating public service workers’ compensation and injury rates to better respond to occupational demands.

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Ramavath, Ashoklal, Jonathan N. Lamb, Jeya Palan, Hemant G. Pandit, and Sameer Jain. "Postoperative periprosthetic femoral fracture around total hip replacements: current concepts and clinical outcomes." EFORT Open Reviews 5, no. 9 (September 2020): 558–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.5.200003.

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The rising incidence of postoperative periprosthetic femoral fracture (PFF) presents a significant clinical and economic burden. A detailed understanding of risk factors is required in order to guide preventative strategies. Different femoral stems have unique characteristics and management strategies must be tailored appropriately. Consensus regarding treatment of PFFs around well-fixed stems is lacking, but revision surgery may provide more predictable outcomes for unstable fracture patterns and fractures around polished taper-slip stems. Future research should focus on implant-related risk factors, treatment of concurrent metabolic bone disease and the use of large endoprostheses. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:558-567. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.200003

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Feng, Yang, Chuyun Zheng, Yajun Zhang, Changyang Xing, Wenbin Cai, Ruru Li, Jianzong Chen, and Yunyou Duan. "Triptolide Inhibits Preformed Fibril-Induced Microglial Activation by Targeting the MicroRNA155-5p/SHIP1 Pathway." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (April 28, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6527638.

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Evidence suggests that various forms of α-synuclein- (αSyn-) mediated microglial activation are associated with the progression of Parkinson’s disease. MicroRNA-155-5p (miR155-5p) is one of the most important microRNAs and enables a robust inflammatory response. Triptolide (T10) is a natural anti-inflammatory component, isolated from a traditional Chinese herb. The objective of the current study was to identify the role and potential regulatory mechanism of T10 in αSyn-induced microglial activation via the miR155-5p mediated SHIP1 signaling pathway. Mouse primary microglia were exposed to monomers, oligomers, and preformed fibrils (PFFs) of human wild-type αSyn, respectively. The expressions of TNFα and IL-1β, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and qPCR, demonstrated that PFFs initiated the strongest immunogenicity in microglia. Application of inhibitors of toll-like receptor (TLR) 1/2, TLR4, and TLR9 indicated that PFFs activated microglia mainly via the NF-κB pathway by binding TLR1/2 and TLR4. Treatment with T10 significantly suppressed PFF-induced microglial activation and attenuated the release of proinflammatory cytokines including TNFα and IL-1β. Levels of IRAK1, TRAF6, IKKα/β, p-IKKα/β, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, PI3K, p-PI3K, t-Akt, p-Akt and SHIP1 were measured via Western blot. Levels of miR155-5p were measured by qPCR. The results demonstrated that SHIP1 acted as a downstream target molecule of miR155-5p. Treatment with T10 did not alter the expression of IRAK1 and TRAF6, but significantly decreased the expression of miR155-5p, resulting in upregulation of SHIP1 and repression of NF-κB activity, suggesting inhibition of inflammation and microglial activation. The protective effects of T10 were abolished by the use of SHIP1 siRNA and its inhibitor, 3AC, and miR155-5p mimics. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that treatment with T10 suppressed microglial activation and attenuated the release of proinflammatory cytokines by suppressing NF-κB activity via targeting the miR155-5p/SHIP1 pathway in PFFs-induced microglial activation.

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Maia, Adriane Batista Pires, Vanessa Paiva Reis, Adriana Raymundo Bezerra, and Danielle Castex Conde. "Recomendações para o Manejo e a Mitigação do Aerossol Produzido pelo Uso de Instrumentos Rotatórios de Alta Velocidade Durante Epidemia da COVID-19: Revisão Integrativa." Revista Brasileira de Odontologia 77 (July 29, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18363/rbo.v77.2020.e1852.

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Objetivo: sistematizar a produção bibliográfica sobre as recomendações para o manejo e a mitigação do aerossol produzidos por instrumentos rotatórios de alta velocidade em tempos de epidemia pela COVID-19. Método: foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica no em bases bibliográficas eletrônicas brasileiras e internacionais (Lilacs, SciELO, MEDLINE e PubMed). Após aplicados critérios de inclusão e exclusão dos documentos, 21 estudos foram selecionados para a realização da revisão. Resultado: foi construída uma proposta com recomendações para reduzir a contaminação durante procedimentos geradores de aerossol provenientes de instrumentos rotatórios de alta velocidade. Conclusão: recomenda-se a utilização de equipamentos de proteção individual completo, incluindo respiradores N95, PFF2, PFF3 ou similar, o emprego de barreiras mecânicas, a aspiração através de bomba de alta eficiência, a constante renovação do ar ambiente através de sistemas de exaustão ou pressurização da sala de trabalho e a limpeza e desinfecção criteriosa do ambiente de trabalho após cada atendimento

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Apicco, Daniel J., Evgeny Shlevkov, Catherine L. Nezich, David T. Tran, Edward Guilmette, Justin W. Nicholatos, Collin M. Bantle, et al. "The Parkinson’s disease-associated gene ITPKB protects against α-synuclein aggregation by regulating ER-to-mitochondria calcium release." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 1 (December 21, 2020): e2006476118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006476118.

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Inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) kinase B (ITPKB) is a ubiquitously expressed lipid kinase that inactivates IP3, a secondary messenger that stimulates calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Genome-wide association studies have identified common variants in the ITPKB gene locus associated with reduced risk of sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we investigate whether ITPKB activity or expression level impacts PD phenotypes in cellular and animal models. In primary neurons, knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of ITPKB increased levels of phosphorylated, insoluble α-synuclein pathology following treatment with α-synuclein preformed fibrils (PFFs). Conversely, ITPKB overexpression reduced PFF-induced α-synuclein aggregation. We also demonstrate that ITPKB inhibition or knockdown increases intracellular calcium levels in neurons, leading to an accumulation of calcium in mitochondria that increases respiration and inhibits the initiation of autophagy, suggesting that ITPKB regulates α-synuclein pathology by inhibiting ER-to-mitochondria calcium transport. Furthermore, the effects of ITPKB on mitochondrial calcium and respiration were prevented by pretreatment with pharmacological inhibitors of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex, which was also sufficient to reduce α-synuclein pathology in PFF-treated neurons. Taken together, these results identify ITPKB as a negative regulator of α-synuclein aggregation and highlight modulation of ER-to-mitochondria calcium flux as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of sporadic PD.

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Lee, Ji-Yeong, Hanna Kim, Areum Jo, Rin Khang, Chi-Hu Park, Soo-Jeong Park, Eunsang Kwag, and Joo-Ho Shin. "α-Synuclein A53T Binds to Transcriptional Adapter 2-Alpha and Blocks Histone H3 Acetylation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 5392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105392.

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α-Synuclein (α-syn) is a hallmark amyloidogenic protein component of Lewy bodies in dopaminergic neurons affected by Parkinson’s disease (PD). Despite the multi-faceted gene regulation of α-syn in the nucleus, the mechanism underlying α-syn crosstalk in chromatin remodeling in PD pathogenesis remains elusive. Here, we identified transcriptional adapter 2-alpha (TADA2a) as a novel binding partner of α-syn using the BioID system. TADA2a is a component of the p300/CBP-associated factor and is related to histone H3/H4 acetylation. We found that α-syn A53T was more preferentially localized in the nucleus than the α-syn wild-type (WT), leading to a stronger disturbance of TADA2a. Indeed, α-syn A53T significantly reduced the level of histone H3 acetylation in SH-SY5Y cells; its reduction was also evident in the striatum (STR) and substantia nigra (SN) of mice that were stereotaxically injected with α-syn preformed fibrils (PFFs). Interestingly, α-syn PFF injection resulted in a decrease in TADA2a in the STR and SN of α-syn PFF-injected mice. Furthermore, the levels of TADA2a and acetylated histone H3 were significantly decreased in the SN of patients with PD. Therefore, histone modification through α-syn A53T-TADA2a interaction may be associated with α-syn-mediated neurotoxicity in PD pathology.

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Sun, Cui Zhen, Qing Chun Liu, Li Zhu, Jing Liu, and Rui Min Mu. "Performance and Mechanism of Polyferric Aluminum Chloride – Quaternary Ammonium Salt Composite Flocculants in Treating Surface Water." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.613.

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A new composite coagulant, polymeric ferric aluminum chloride-polydimethyl diallylammonium chloride (PFAC-PD), was prepared by combing Polymeric ferric aluminum chloride (PFAC) with polydimethyl diallylammonium chloride (PDMDAAC). The turbidity, ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV254) and specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) removal and flocculating mechanisms of the new composite coagulant and the traditional coagulants (PFAC, adding PFAC before adding PDMDAAC and adding PFAC after adding PDMDAAC) were investigated in treating surface water. The results indicated that the new composite coagulants exhibited better flocculation efficiency than PFAC and successive addition of PFAC and PDMDAAC. The neutralization ability of the coagulants was in the following order: PFAC-PD > PD+PFAC > PFAC+PD > PFAC.

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Nguyen, Timothy K., Glenn Bauman, Christoper J. Watling, and Karin Hahn. "Oncologists' attitudes towards patient and family-centered care." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 29_suppl (October 10, 2015): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.29_suppl.111.

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111 Background: Patient and family-centered care (PFCC) represents an evolution from traditional models of provider-focused and patient-focused care that places a strong emphasis on optimal patient communication, patient autonomy, and shared decision-making within care teams. A shift towards PFCC requires participation across all provider groups. Despite the importance of physician buy-in, research examining physicians’ perspectives on PFCC is lacking. We sought to explore oncologists’ familiarity with the principles of PFCC and perceived barriers to implementing principles of PFCC. Methods: In this qualitative exploratory study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 oncologists (8 radiation, 4 medical, 4 surgical, 2 hematologist-oncologists) at a single Canadian academic cancer institution. Interview data were analyzed using coding principles drawn from grounded theory. Constant comparisons were used to identify recurring themes. Results: We identified 3 dominant themes related to physicians’ interpretations of PFCC: 1) Physicians expressed a limited understanding of the formal principles of PFCC, 2) Physicians identified patient autonomy as essential to PFCC and 3) Disparities between patient and physician objectives exist and result in compromises that may affect the quality of PFCC delivered. Oncologists perceived that spending more time with patients improved PFCC, but also recognized that it would leave less time for other necessary activities. Participants also identified a number of ‘system’ barriers to PFCC, including limited staff and clinical space, excessive case load, a lack of physician support and input into operational decisions, and funding constraints. Many felt that PFCC was challenged by inefficiencies in the system of care delivery, and that progress might lie in reorganization to more clearly match health care staff’s roles and responsibilities to their credentials and skills. Conclusions: Advancing PFCC in our institution will require continued education of physicians regarding the principles of PFCC, acknowledgement and preservation of the PFCC behaviors already in practice and creative solutions to address the system issues that may hamper their abilities to enact PFCC.

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Rogbeck, Jan, and Lynne Anderson. "Applications for PFBC Residues." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 12, no. 4 (November 2000): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2000)12:4(294).

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Achille, Étienne. "Pfff by Hélène Sturm." French Review 85, no. 6 (2012): 1211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tfr.2012.0207.

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Churko, A. A., M. S. Khrabrova, and A. V. Smirnov. "Polyclonal free light chains in IgA-nephropathy: correlation with clinical and morphological parameters and prognostic significance." Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 25, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36485/1561-6274-2021-25-2-52-59.

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BACKGROUND. Mechanisms of the initiation of renal interstitial inflammation and fibrosis caused by immunoglobulin monoclonal free light chains (mFLC) in monoclonal gammopathy are well established. As far as these damage pathways are considered to be universal we hypothesize that polyclonal free light chains (pFLC) could have a similar effect on tubular and interstitial tissue and lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in primary glomerulopathies. THE AIM of this retrospective study was to analyze the association of pFLC kappa (pFLC-κ) and lambda (pFLC-λ) assessed in serum by Freelite® with clinical and morphological parameters and CKD progression in IgA-nephropathy (IgAN) cohort.PATIENTS AND METHODS. In this retrospective study, we enrolled 24 patients with IgAN proven by kidney biopsy (KBx). pFLC-κ and pFLC-λ levels were assessed in all cases at the time of KBx by Freelite® method (N pFLC-κ=3.3-19.4 mg/l, N pFLC-λ=5.7-26.3 mg/l). The normal κ/λ ratio was the inclusion criterion. In all cases, we determined serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate by CKD-EPI method (eGFRCKD-EPI), and daily proteinuria. Morphological findings were defined semiquantitatively by light and immunofluorescence microscopy. Oxford MEST-C score was evaluated as well as % of glomerulosclerosis. Correlation between parameters was assessed by Spearman’s coefficient. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the association of parameters with the progression of CKD estimated as an elevation of serum creatinine ≥25 % from the initial level or the initiation of renal replacement therapy at the end of the follow-up period (median was 28 (7; 37) months).RESULTS. Median of pFLC-κ 30.2 (6.1; 67.5) mg/l, median of pFLC-λ 27.6 (11.1; 92.1) mg/l. Levels of pFLC-κ and pFLC-λ were increased in 66.7 % and 50 % of patients, respectively. eGFR CKD-EPI median was 41 (26; 65) ml/min/1.73m2. Serum creatinine correlates with pFLC-κ (R=0.62, p<0.01) and pFLC-λ (R=0.45, p=0.03). Among morphological parameters pFLC-κ correlates with interstitial inflammation (R=0.47, p=0.02), tubular atrophy (R=0.54, p<0.01), interstitial fibrosis (R=0.44, p=0.03), peritubular capillaritis (R=0.42, p=0.04), T-score (R=0.66, p<0.01) and combined MEST-C score (R=0.45, p=0.03). For pFLC-λ the correlations with tubular atrophy (R=0.45, р=0.03) and Т-score (R=0.56, p<0.01) were shown. In Univariate Cox regression analysis pFLC-κ and pFLC-λ were associated with CKD progression (Exp(ß)=1.053; 95,0 %CI 1.003-1.105; p=0.038 and Exp(ß)= 1.041; 95,0 %CI 1.002-1.082; p=0.038, respectively) CONCLUSION. Polyclonal FLC, mostly pFLC-κ, were associated with tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis in patients with IgAN. Increased levels of either pFLC-κ or λ could be proposed as a predictor of CKD progression in patients with IgAN.

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Li, Xiang Zuo, Yan Wang, and Shuang Zhao. "The Coagulation Performance and Floc Characteristics of Yellow River Reservoir Water Coagulated by Composite Coagulant Prepared by Polymeric Aluminum Ferric Chloride and Polydimethyl Diallylammonium Chloride." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.533.

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In this paper, inorganic polymeric ferric aluminum chloride (PFAC) and composite polymeric aluminum ferric chloride polydimethyl diallylammonium chloride (PFAC-PDADMAC) were applied for the coagulation treatment of Yellow River reservoir water. The coagulation efficiency of PFAC-PDADMAC for reservoir water treatment was investigated at different weight ratios (Ferric and Aluminum to PDADMAC, Wr=2, 4 and 8). During coagulation, the size distribution, breakage factor (Bf) and recovery factor (Rf) of flocs was investigated to systemically estimate the floc characteristics of PFAC-PDADMAC coagulation system. It was confirmed that coagulation performance of PFAC-PDADMAC was better than that of PFAC when Wr and dosage were 4 and 8 mg/L, respectively for Yellow River reservoir water coagulation. Although they were more sensitive to external interference, the flocs formed by PFAC-PDADMAC coagulation system had bigger size, faster growth rate and stronger re-growth capability than that by PFAC coagulation system. At Wr=4, the floc size and growth rate of flocs by PFAC-PDMDAAC coagulation were 409μm and 54 μm/min, respectively.

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Yadavalli, Raghavendra, John W. Peterson, Judith A. Drazba, and Tobili Y. Sam-Yellowe. "Trafficking and Association of Plasmodium falciparum MC-2TM with the Maurer’s Clefts." Pathogens 10, no. 4 (April 5, 2021): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040431.

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In this study, we investigated stage specific expression, trafficking, solubility and topology of endogenous PfMC-2TM in P. falciparum (3D7) infected erythrocytes. Following Brefeldin A (BFA) treatment of parasites, PfMC-2TM traffic was evaluated using immunofluorescence with antibodies reactive with PfMC-2TM. PfMC-2TM is sensitive to BFA treatment and permeabilization of infected erythrocytes with streptolysin O (SLO) and saponin, showed that the N and C-termini of PfMC-2TM are exposed to the erythrocyte cytoplasm with the central portion of the protein protected in the MC membranes. PfMC-2TM was expressed as early as 4 h post invasion (hpi), was tightly colocalized with REX-1 and trafficked to the erythrocyte membrane without a change in solubility. PfMC-2TM associated with the MC and infected erythrocyte membrane and was resistant to extraction with alkaline sodium carbonate, suggestive of protein-lipid interactions with membranes of the MC and erythrocyte. PfMC-2TM is an additional marker of the nascent MCs.

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Li, Weiwei, Wen Chen, and Zhuojia Fu. "Precorrected-FFT Accelerated Singular Boundary Method for Large-Scale Three-Dimensional Potential Problems." Communications in Computational Physics 22, no. 2 (June 21, 2017): 460–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.oa-2016-0075.

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AbstractThis study makes the first attempt to accelerate the singular boundary method (SBM) by the precorrected-FFT (PFFT) for large-scale three-dimensional potential problems. The SBM with the GMRES solver requires computational complexity, where N is the number of the unknowns. To speed up the SBM, the PFFT is employed to accelerate the SBM matrix-vector multiplication at each iteration step of the GMRES. Consequently, the computational complexity can be reduced to . Several numerical examples are presented to validate the developed PFFT accelerated SBM (PFFT-SBM) scheme, and the results are compared with those of the SBM without the PFFT and the analytical solutions. It is clearly found that the present PFFT-SBM is very efficient and suitable for 3D large-scale potential problems.

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Ishom, F., T. Harada, T. Aoyagi, K. Sakanishi, Y. Korai, and I. Mochida. "Problem in PFBC boiler (1): characterization of agglomerate recovered in commercial PFBC boiler." Fuel 81, no. 11-12 (July 2002): 1445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-2361(02)00066-2.

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Ysea-Hill, Otoniel, Tesil Nedumkallel Sani, Lubna A. Nasr, Christian J. Gomez, Nagapratap Ganta, Sehrish Sikandar, Olga Theou, and Jorge G. Ruiz. "Concurrent Validity of Pictorial Fit-Frail Scale (PFFS) in Older Adult Male Veterans with Different Levels of Health Literacy." Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine 7 (January 2021): 233372142110038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23337214211003804.

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Introduction: Frailty is a state of vulnerability characterized by multisystemic physiological decline. The Pictorial Fit Frail Scale (PFFS) is a practical, image-based assessment that may facilitate the assessment of frailty in individuals with inadequate health literacy (HL). Objective: Determine the concurrent validity and feasibility of the PFFS in older Veterans with different levels of HL and cognition. Methods: Cross-sectional study in a geriatric clinic at a Veteran Health Administration (VHA) medical center. Veterans ≥65 years old completed a HL evaluation, PFFS, FRAIL scale and cognitive screening. We assessed the associations between PFFS, FRAIL scale, and VA-Frailty Index (VA-FI), and compared PFFS and FRAIL scale accuracy with a Receiver Operating Characteristic curve, Area Under the Curve (AUC) analysis, using the VA-FI as reference. Results: Eighty-three Veterans, mean age 76.20 ( SD = 6.02) years, 65.1% Caucasian, 69.9% had inadequate HL, 57.8% were frail and 20.5% had cognitive impairment. All participants completed the 43 PFFS items. There were positive correlations between PFFS and VA-FI, r = .55 (95% CI: 0.365–0.735, p < .001), and FRAIL scale, r = .673 (95% CI: 0.509–0.836, p < .001). Compared to the VA-FI, the PFFS (AUC = 0.737; 95% CI: 0.629–0.844) and FRAIL scale (AUC = 0.724;95% CI: 0.615–0.824; p < .001) showed satisfactory diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions: The PFFS is valid and feasible in evaluating frailty in older Veterans with different levels of HL and cognition.

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Indriawati, Katherin, and Rahajeng Kurnianingtyas. "Real-Time Implementation of Passive Fault-Tolerant Speed Control for Unloading MS150 DC Motor System." E3S Web of Conferences 190 (2020): 00020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019000020.

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The failure of a DC motor in an electric car caused by an error in the actuator and sensor can endanger the driver and the surrounding environment. This research focuses on the design of a Passive Fault Tolerant Control (PFTC) system that can work when an actuator and sensor error occurs in the MS150 DC modular servo system speed control. The first step is to identify the MS150 DC modular servo system. The second step is to design a state feedback control system with an integrator. The third step is to design a simulation PFTC system and design a PFTC system to be implemented in realtime. To find out the performance of the designed PFTC system, a test is carried out with a bias error of about 0.1 V to 0.8 V. On the results of implementing the PFTC system in real-time on the simulation error, the maximum overshoot value is smaller than the system without PFTC, besides the application of AFTC causes the resulting settling time is smaller than the system without PFTC.

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Ahip, Sally Suriani, Sazlina Shariff-Ghazali, Sabrina Lukas, Azah Abdul Samad, Ummu Kalsum Mustapha, Olga Theou, and Renuka Visvanathan. "Translation, adaptation and pilot testing of the Pictorial Fit-Frail Scale (PFFS) for use in Malaysia – The PFFS-Malay version (PFFS-M)." Malaysian Family Physician 16, no. 2 (May 27, 2021): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.51866/oa1036.

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Background: Frailty is an important health issue in an aging population; it is a state of vulnerability that renders the elderly susceptible to adverse health outcomes, including disability, hospitalization, long-term care admission and death. Early frailty stages are recognizable through screening and are reversible with targeted interventions. To date, however, there is no screening tool for use in Malaysia. The English Pictorial Fit-Frail Scale (PFFS) is a visual tool that assesses a person’s fitness-frailty level in 14 health domains, with higher scores indicating higher frailty. Objective: The aim was to translate and adapt the English PFFS for use in Malaysian clinical settings. Methods: The original English PFFS underwent forward and backward-translation by two bilingual translators to and from the Malay language. A finalized version, the PFFS-Malay (PFFS-M), was formed after expert reviewers’ consensus and was pilot tested with 20 patients, 20 caregivers, 16 healthcare assistants, 17 nurses and 22 doctors. Score agreement between patients and their caregivers and among healthcare professionals were assessed. All participants rated their understanding of the scale using the feasibility survey forms. Results: A total of 95 participants were included. There were high percentages of scoring agreements among all participants on the scale (66.7% to 98.9%). Overall feedback from all respondents were positive and supported the face validity of the PFFS-M. Conclusion: The PFFS-M reflects an accurate translation for the Malaysian population. The scale is usable and feasible and has face validity. Reliability and predictive validity assessments of the PFFS-M are currently underway.

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Bliemel, Christopher, Katherine Rascher, Tom Knauf, Juliana Hack, Daphne Eschbach, Rene Aigner, and Ludwig Oberkircher. "Early Surgery Does Not Improve Outcomes for Patients with Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures—Results from the Registry for Geriatric Trauma of the German Trauma Society." Medicina 57, no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57060517.

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Background and Objectives: Appropriate timing of surgery for periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) in geriatric patients remains unclear. Data from a large international geriatric trauma register were analyzed to examine the outcome of patients with PFF with respect to the timing of surgical stabilization. Materials and Methods: The Registry for Geriatric Trauma of the German Trauma Society (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie (DGU)) (ATR-DGU) was analyzed. Patients treated surgically for PFF were included in this analysis. As outcome parameters, in-house mortality rate and mortality at the 120-day follow-up as well as mobility, the EQ5D index score and reoperation rate were analyzed in relation to early (<48 h) or delayed (≥48 h) surgical stabilization. Results: A total of 1178 datasets met the inclusion criteria; 665 fractures were treated with osteosynthesis (56.4%), and 513 fractures were treated by implant change (43.5%). In contrast to the osteosynthesis group, the group with implant changes underwent delayed surgical treatment more often. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of mortality rate (p = 0.310), walking ability (p = 0.239) and EQ5D index after seven days (p = 0.812) revealed no significant differences between early (<48 h) and delayed (≥48 h) surgical stabilization. These items remained insignificant at the follow-up as well. However, the odds of requiring a reoperation within 120 days were significantly higher for delayed surgical treatment (OR: 1.86; p = 0.003). Conclusions: Early surgical treatment did not lead to decreased mortality rates in the acute phase or in the midterm. Except for the rate of reoperation, all other outcome parameters remained unaffected. Nevertheless, for most patients, early surgical treatment should be the goal, so as to achieve early mobilization and avoid secondary nonsurgical complications. If early stabilization is not possible, it can be assumed that orthogeriatric co-management will help protect these patients from further harm.

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Jansen, Peter LM, and Michael Müller. "Genetic Cholestasis: Lessons from the Molecular Physiology of Bile Formation." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 14, no. 3 (2000): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/514172.

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Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a group of severe genetic cholestatic liver diseases of early life. PFIC types 1 and 2 are characterized by cholestasis and a low to normal serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity, whereas in PFIC type 3, the serum GGT activity is elevated. PFIC types 1 and 2 occur due to mutations in loci at chromosome 18 and chromosome 2, respectively. The pathophysiology of PFIC type 1 is not well understood. PFIC types 2 and 3 are caused by transport defects in the liver affecting the hepatobiliary secretion of bile acids and phospholipids, respectively. Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC) is linked to a mutation in the same familial intrahepatic cholestasis 1 locus at chromosome 18. Defects of bile acid synthesis may be difficult to differentiate from these transport defects.Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) appears to be related to these cholestatic diseases. For example, heterozygosity in families with PFIC type 3 is associated with ICP, but ICP has also been reported in families with BRIC.In Dubin-Johnson syndrome there is no cholestasis; only the hepatobiliary transport of conjugated bilirubin is affected. This, therefore, is a mild disease, and patients have a normal lifespan.

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Lee, Cheng-Ling, Chi-Shiang Chen, Chun-Ren Yang, and Rui-Cheng Zeng. "NOA61-Polymer Fiber Fizeau Interferometer with a Flexible NOA65-Polymer Taper for Simultaneous Measurement of Tilt Angle and Temperature." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 2798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162798.

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This study proposes and experimentally demonstrates a NOA61-polymer fiber Fizeau interferometer (PFFI) connected to a flexible NOA65-polymer taper (PT) for simultaneous measurement of tilt angle and temperature (T). The PT/PFFI fiber sensor consists of a taper-shaped flexible NOA65 polymer and single-mode fiber with an endface that is attached to a NOA61-polymer. The NOA61-polymer of PFFI is highly sensitive to variations of T with high repeatability and enables the simultaneous measurement of tilt angle by connecting with the highly flexible NOA65-PT. the interference fringe visibility of optical spectra in the PFFI can be highly controlled by the tilt angle of the PT and is thus capable of measuring tilt angles with high sensitivity. On the other hand, wavelength shifts of the spectra in the PFFI only occur when T varies. The proposed PT/PFFI can simultaneously detect the tilt state and the variation of surrounding T by measuring the optical spectral responses and eliminating cross sensitivity. Experimental results demonstrate the PT/PFFI can simultaneously measure tilt angles and T with good sensitivities and obtain averages of 0.4 dB/° and 0.17 nm/°C, respectively.

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Subbarao, Kakarla. "Proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD)." Journal of Medical and Scientific Research 3, no. 2 (April 3, 2015): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2015/3-018.

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K. Shetty, Avinash, and Raju P. Khubchandani. "Proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD)." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 65, no. 5 (September 1998): 766–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02731064.

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Qi, Yue, Chun Li Zheng, and Yong Huan Yang. "Aerobic Degradation of Nitrobenzene by Immobilization of Streptomyces albidoflavus in Polyurethane Foam." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1845–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1845.

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Streptomyces albidoflavus Z2 was immobilized in polyurethane foam and its ability to degrade nitrobenzene was investigated. Batch experiments showed that polyurethane-foam-immobilized cells (PFIC) possessed a higher degradation capacity. Compared to freely suspended cells (FSC), PFIC degraded nitrobenzene more efficiently under alkali and acid conditions, as well as higher temperature. Kinetic of nitrobenzene degradation by PFIC was well described by Andrews inhibition equation, which demonstrated that PFIC tolerated higher concentration of nitrobenzene than FSC and degraded nitrobenzene at a quicker speed. Moreover, in the presence of NaCl (≤7%, w/v), phenol (≤250 mg L-1) and aniline (100 mg L-1), respectively, PFIC exhibited better tolerance toward salinity and toxic chemicals than FSC. Therefore immobilization could be a promising method for treating nitrobenzene industrial wastewater.

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Geng, Hongwei, Linlin Hao, Yunyun Cheng, Chunli Wang, Wenzhen Wei, Rui Yang, Haoyang Li, Ying Zhang, and Songcai Liu. "miR-140 inhibits porcine fetal fibroblasts proliferation by directly targeting type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor and indirectly inhibiting type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor expression via SRY-box 4." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 33, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1674–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0438.

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Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the effect of miR-140 on the proliferation of porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs) and identify the target genes of miR-140 in PFFs.Methods: In this study, bioinformatics software was used to predict and verify target genes of miR-140. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to detect the relationship between miR-140 and its target genes in PFFs. Dual luciferase reporter gene assays were performed to assess the interactions among miR-140, type 1 insulinlike growth factor receptor (IGF1R), and SRY-box 4 (SOX4). The effect of miR-140 on the proliferation of PFFs was measured by CCK-8 when PFFs were transfected with a miR-140 mimic or inhibitor. The transcription factor SOX4 binding to promoter of IGF1R was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP).Results: miR-140 directly targeted IGF1R and inhibited proliferation of PFFs. Meanwhile, miR-140 targeted transcription factor SOX4 that binds to promoter of porcine IGF1R to indirectly inhibit the expression of IGF1R. In addition, miR-140 inhibitor promoted PFFs proliferation, which is abrogated by SOX4 or IGF1R knockdown.Conclusion: miR-140 inhibited PFFs proliferation by directly targeting IGF1R and indirectly inhibiting IGF1R expression via SOX4, which play an important role in the development of porcine fetal.

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Kimata-Ariga, Yoko, Asako Sakamoto, Miho Kamatani, Takashi Saitoh, and Toshiharu Hase. "C-terminal aromatic residue of Plasmodium ferredoxin important for the interaction with ferredoxin: NADP(H) oxidoreductase: possible involvement for artemisinin resistance of human malaria parasites." Journal of Biochemistry 168, no. 4 (May 29, 2020): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvaa060.

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Abstract The malaria parasite (Plasmodium sp.) contains a plastid-derived organelle called the apicoplast, which is essential for the growth of the parasite. In this organelle, a redox system comprising plant-type ferredoxin (Fd) and Fd: NADP(H) oxidoreductase (FNR) supplies reducing power for the crucial metabolic pathways. Electron transfer between Plasmodium falciparum Fd (PfFd) and FNR (PfFNR) is performed with higher affinity and specificity than those of plant Fd and FNR. We investigated the structural basis for such superior protein–protein interaction by focussing on the Plasumodium-specific regions of PfFd. Significant contribution of the C-terminal region of PfFd for the electron transfer with PfFNR was revealed by exchanging the C-terminal three residues between plant Fd and PfFd. Further site-directed mutagenesis of the PfFd C-terminal residues indicated that the presence of aromatic residue at Positions 96 and 97 contributes to the lower Km for PfFNR. Physical binding analyses using fluorescence and calorimetric measurements supported the results. A mutation from Asp to Tyr at position 97 of PfFd was recently reported to be strongly associated with P. falciparum resistance to artemisinin, the front line anti-malarial drug. Thus, the enhanced interaction of PfFd D97Y protein with PfFNR could be involved in artemisinin resistance of human malaria parasites.

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Liu, Jie, Lingxia Hao, Wenzhen Qian, Yu-Feng He, and Rong-Min Wang. "Mechanisms on formation of hierarchically porous carbon and its adsorption behaviors." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 1 (April 29, 2016): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.195.

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Using simple one-step carbonization-activation, the residues of paulownia flowers are employed as a precursor to prepare hierarchically porous activated carbon. After investigating the optimum conditions, the obtained paulownia flowers based activated carbon (PFAC) is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area analysis (SBET), thermo gravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The PFAC owns a high specific surface area of 1,053 m2/g as well as a hierarchically porous structure with a combination of micro-, meso- and macropores. The pore-forming mechanism is discussed according to results of characterization. Using methylene blue as model dye, the adsorption behaviors of PFAC were investigated. We found that the dye could be rapidly adsorbed by hierarchically porous PFAC, and the adsorption capacity of PFAC reached 300 mg/g.

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Gupta, N., K. Polkoff, and J. Piedrahita. "231 Novel protocol for the invitro maintenance and expansion of adult epidermal LGR5+ stem cells." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 32, no. 2 (2020): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv32n2ab231.

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Currently, the standard for treatment of full-thickness skin wounds is skin grafts or bioengineered skin substitutes; however, this method is limited by the amount of intact donor skin and lack of follicles and architecture. Thus, a protocol is needed for the expansion and differentiation of adult epidermal and hair follicle stem cells for use in scaffold mediated tissue engineering. Recently, we developed a transgenic porcine model in which H2B-GFP is under the control of the LGR5 promoter. LGR5 is an established marker of stem cells, meaning this model can be used to track the development and behaviour of these cells. The focus of this project was to create a novel culture method for the maintenance and expansion of LGR5+ epidermal adult stem cells utilising the green fluorescent protein (GFP) tag. Single cell epidermal stem cells were isolated from porcine skin using dispase II (10mgmL−1; Sigma) and trypsin (0.05%; Corning). Porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFF) or mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) were grown to 95% confluence in a 6-well plate. Feeder layer cells were mitotically inactivated by incubation with mitomycin C (Sigma Aldrich, 10μgmL−1). Three different media were tested: basal medium [Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), penicillin/streptomycin, Corning; Ham's F12, ThermoFisher; fetal bovine serum, Gemini Bio-Products], basal media + 5-azacytidine (Sigma Aldrich) and CHIR99021 (Tocris), or basal media + keratinocyte growth supplements (transferrin, hydrocortisone, T3, adenine, insulin, cholera toxin; Sigma Aldrich, epidermal growth factor; R&D Systems). Epidermal cells were plated in each medium for both PFF and MEF feeder layers. Experiments were performed in technical duplicates and replicated 3 times. On Day 9, total numbers of colonies in each well were counted and number of GFP-positive cells were quantified using ImageJ (National Institutes of Health). Results in Table 1 show that overall, the MEF feeder layer was able to support a higher rate of growth (P<0.05) and maintain the LGR5+ lineage at a higher proportion under all of the experimental conditions (P<0.05). In the growth-supplemented media, MEFs had fewer colonies than PFFs, but MEF colonies were, on average, 2.5 times larger (P<0.05). Conditions containing 5-aza and CHIR were the only conditions to maintain the LGR5+ lineage on the feeder layer. Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) were determined using two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's HSD test. Next, LGR5+ cells will be plated in media containing additional growth factors to stimulate expansion, while using CHIR and 5-aza to maintain the LGR5+ lineage. This protocol could be used in scaffolds to create three-dimensional growth of skin invitro and lead to better grafts for burn victims. Table 1.Growth of LGR5+ cells in different media including 5-azacytidine (5-aza), CHIR 99021 (CHIR), and keratinocyte growth supplements Group1 Basal medium (BM) BM + 5-aza+ CHIR BM + growth supplements No. of colonies/well MEF 127.7±40.8AB 189.3±16.9A 87.3±14.6B PFF 65.0±14.1A 83.3±17.0AB 148±33.7B Average no. of GFP+ cells per frame MEF 0.5±0.8B 65.7±18.4A 1.8±1.7B PFF 0.9±1.0B 22.6±4.5A 0.3±0.6B A,BValues within rows with different superscripts differ (P ≤ 0.05). 1MEF=mouse embryonic fibroblasts; PFF=porcine fetal fibroblasts.

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Sumtsov, D. G., I. Z. Gladchuk, G. O. Sumtsov, N. I. Hyriavenko, M. S. Lyndin, V. V. Sikora, and V. M. Zaporozhan. "Problems of primary fallopian tube cancer diagnostics during and after surgery." REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY, no. 59 (July 22, 2021): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18370/2309-4117.2021.59.66-71.

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To date, the reliable diagnoses primary fallopian tube cancer (PFTC) before surgery range from 0% to 10–15%. Number of misdiagnosis even during operations reaches 30–50% and PFTC is often disguised as innocent hydro-hematosalpinx or other diseases.Research objective: to study the possibilities of PFTC diagnosis during laparotomy and laparoscopy, macroscopic examination of removed macrodrugs, suboperative use of morphological studies, problems of histological interpretation of PFTC after surgery.Materials and methods. During the period from 1966 to 2020 authors of article selected and retrospectively studied quite informative medical histories of 105 patients with PFTC aged 34 to 78 years (mean age 55.8 years). All patients were operated. Revision of the pelvic organs and abdominal cavity was performed during operations. Removed macrodrugs were examined macroscopically and histologically. According to the indications during operations histological and cytological methods of rapid diagnosis were used. Immunohistochemical methods were used to interpret rare and difficult to diagnose tumors after surgery.Results. Only 7 (6.6%) from 105 patients with PFTC was not recognized during surgery, and 18 (17.1%) were diagnosed only after suboperative histological examination. Errors during operations in the initial PFTC forms (without careful study of macrodrugs and suboperative morphological examination) can reach 23.8%. Problems with the primary lession interpretation, which arose in 11 (10.5%) patients with a pronounced tumor process, did not prevent the choice of adequate surgery. The tumor dissemination of the fallopian tube outside was detected in 69 (72.4%) patients, in 25 (26.2%) among them there were lymph node metastases.Conclusion. Careful revision of the abdominal organs and macroscopic examination of removed drugs using suboperative morphological studies avoids errors in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with PFTC.

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Casey, David, Jocelyn Cottrell, Edward DiCarlo, Russell Windsor, and Timothy Wright. "PFC Knee Replacement." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 464 (November 2007): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/blo.0b013e3181591c62.

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Kudla, Marek J., Aleksandra Beczkowska-Kielek, Katarzyna Kutta, and Justyna Partyka-Lasota. "Proximal femoral focal deficiency of the fetus – early 3D/4D prenatal ultrasound diagnosis." Medical Ultrasonography 18, no. 3 (September 18, 2016): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.11152/mu.2013.2066.183.kud.

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Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency (PFFD) is a rare congenital syndrome of unknown etiology. Additional disorders can be present up to 70% of PFFD cases. Management (including termination) depends on the severity of the malformation. We present a case of a 32-year-old woman referred for routine ultrasound examination in the 12th week of pregnancy. Detailed 3D/4D evaluation revealed asymmetry of lower limbs and diagnosis of isolated PFFD was established. Parents were fully informed and decided to continue the pregnancy. We stress here the importance of early 3D/4D ultrasound diagnosis. Our paper presents the earliest case where the diagnosis of PFFD was established with 3D/4D ultrasound.

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Mirza, Nida, Smita Malhotra, and Anupam Sibal. "A Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutation in ABCB4 Gene Leading to Cholelithiasis, Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis (Type 3), and Cirrhosis in a Child." Journal of Child Science 10, no. 01 (January 2020): e134-e136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1717106.

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AbstractProgressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive disorders of childhood which presents with intermittent or progressive episodes of cholestasis, with jaundice and pruritus as most common presenting symptoms. PFIC type 3 occurs due to mutations in the ABCB4 gene, mutation in this gene has wide spectrum of features which include intrahepatic stones, cholelithiasis, PFIC type 3, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Here, we are reporting a peculiar case of young male adolescent with novel variant compound heterozygote missense mutation in ABCB4 gene who had gall stone as initial symptom, followed by symptoms of PFIC and eventually decompensated chronic liver disease.

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Hwang, Tzonelih, and Prosanta Gope. "PFC-CTR, PFC-OCB: Efficient stream cipher modes of authencryption." Cryptologia 40, no. 3 (November 17, 2015): 285–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2015.1055386.

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Wheeldon, J. M. "Commissioning of the circulating PFBC in the Foster Wheeler advanced PFBC train at the PSDF." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 43, no. 4 (July 2002): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6701(02)86283-x.

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Özdemir, Meltem, Rasime Pelin Kavak, Arda Halil Ceylan, and Zeycan Kübra Cevval. "Isolated unilateral proximal focal femoral deficiency presenting in a young woman." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 1 (January 2020): e232714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-232714.

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Proximal focal femoral deficiency (PFFD) is a rare congenital skeletal abnormality characterised by the partial absence of the proximal femoral segment with shortening of the entire lower extremity. It typically presents as a shortened thigh, which is flexed, externally rotated and abducted. Some other skeletal anomalies, especially fibular hemimelia, usually accompany the disorder. The diagnosis of PFFD is made in early childhood and based mainly on conventional radiography. However, the radiographic appearance of the disease evolves as the child grows. In addition, treatment procedures applied to the child affect the radiographic presentation of the disease in adulthood. Almost all cases of PFFD reported to date are in young children and in the current literature, there is a paucity of radiographic images of PFFD in mature skeleton. The aim of this case report is to present the radiographic appearance of PFFD in an adult patient and to increase awareness among radiologists about this disease.

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Philibert, Ingrid, Carl Patow, and Jim Cichon. "Incorporating Patient- and Family-Centered Care Into Resident Education: Approaches, Benefits, and Challenges." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-03-02-34.

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Abstract Purpose A design conference with participants from accredited programs and institutions was used to explore how the principles of patient- and family-centered care (PFCC) can be implemented in settings where residents learn and participate in care, as well as identify barriers to PFCC and simple strategies for overcoming them. Approach In September 2009, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) held a conference with 74 participants representing a diverse range of educational settings and a group of expert presenters and facilitators. Small group sessions explored the status of PFCC in teaching settings, barriers that need to be overcome in some settings, simple approaches, and the value of a national program and ACGME support. Findings Participants shared information on the state of their PFCC initiatives, as well as barriers to implementing PFCC in the learning environment. These emerged in 6 areas: culture, the physical environment, people, time and other constraints, skills and capabilities, and teaching and assessment, as well as simple strategies to help overcome these barriers. Two Ishikawa (Fishbone) diagrams (one for barriers and one for simple strategies) make it possible to select strategies for overcoming particular barriers. Conclusions A group of participants with a diversity of approaches to incorporating PFCC into the learning environment agreed that respectful communication with patients/families needs to be learned, supported, and continuously demanded of residents. In addition, for PFCC to be sustainable, it has to be a fundamental expectation for resident learning and attainment of competence. Participants concurred that improving the environment for patients concurrently improves the environment for learners.

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Journal articles on the topic 'PFFC'

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