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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pfi

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Academic literature on the topic 'Pfi'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pfi"

1

Umar, Abdullahi A., Noor Amila Wan Abdullah Zawawi, Abdul Ganiyu Otairu, and Idris Othman. "Private Finance Initiatives (PFI): Getting it Right." Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (June 2014): 601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.601.

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Recently, the UK government reformed the popular PFI into what is now referred to as PF2 after years of denying that the PFI was not delivering value for money. The reform is the result of many factors, principal of which was public sector PFI capacity deficiencies which has compromised the success of many projects. Therefore, this study set out to determine the most important PFI skills from the perspectives of public and private sector PFI practitioners and if there exists differences in opinion between the sectors. A survey of the most important PFI skills was conducted among practitioners during the course of 2 infrastructure conferences held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Factor analysis of 17 PFI skills produced 3 factor groupings that broadly explain the PFI skills requirements. These skills include Contract design skills, Contract Management skills, and Risk identification and Management skills. There was however no statistically significant difference in opinion between the public and private sector respondents.

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Varnavskii, V. "A New Concept of the Public-Private Partnerships in the UK." World Economy and International Relations, no. 8 (2014): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2014-8-67-75.

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A new Public-Private Partnerships concept Private Finance 2 (PF2) adopted by UK government instead of the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) is analyzing. PF2 follows the Open Public Services Program according to recent changes in the economic policy. A description and evaluation of PFI concept are given. The reasons for termination of PFI are also revealed. Special attention is paid to the new problems of the Concept, as an access to lax credit, concerning the public sector as an equal co-investor, and risks reduction. The increased importance of institutional investors such as banks, funds, insurance companies, international export-import agencies is shown.The paper is partly devoted to the issues of PFI/PF2 administration in UK. The role of governing authorities in Public-Private Partnerships implementation and their standing in the government structure are disclosed and analyzed as well as their functions and outcomes of their activities. PF2 reaffirms UK government’s commitment to Public-Private Partnerships. It remains to be a predominant form of drawing private investments into infrastructure development. The British government hopes that PF2 will increase private sector interest to finance public investment projects such as schools, roads, hospitals, waste utilization and other large-scale infrastructure.

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Kakkar, Preeti Handa, R. M. Saxena, and Mamta Joshi. "Histopathological analysis of liver in Puntius ticto exposed to water soluble fraction (WSF) of petrol." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 290–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v2i2.136.

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The fresh water fish Puntius ticto were exposed to lethal concentration of water soluble fraction (WSF) of petrol (5%-PF1, 10%-PF2, 15%-PF3, 20%-PF4 and 25%-PF5) for 96 hours. The exposure of WSF produced some conspicuous histopathological changes in liver. The swelling of hepatocytes, degeneration, necrosis, hemolysis, dilation, congestion and fibrosis in blood sinusoids were the prominent changes observed. The histological analysis showed increasing damages dose-dependents and time-dependents.

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Eaton, David, and Charmaine O'Connor. "PFI/DBFO." Journal of Structured Finance 7, no. 4 (January 31, 2002): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jsf.2002.320266.

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Eaton, David, and Charmaine O'Connor. "PFI/DBFO." Journal of Structured Finance 8, no. 1 (April 30, 2002): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jsf.2002.320273.

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Eaton, David, Charmaine O'Connor, and Andrew Turner. "PFI/DBFO." Journal of Structured Finance 8, no. 2 (July 31, 2002): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jsf.2002.320281.

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Esan, A. M., Z. Khan, R. Kiran, T. O. Omolekan, K. A. Aremu, and H. R. Y. Adeyemi. "Ameliorative Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescence Strains on Growth and Antioxidant Potential of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Plant under Nematode Infection." European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 2, no. 3 (June 5, 2021): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2021.2.3.168.

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Meloidogyne incognita is a plant pathogen causing root-knot nematodes disease in many crops worldwide. Due to the environmental threat on the use of chemical fumigants, there is a need for a biological control method using microbial antagonists on root-knot nematodes disease. Therefore, this study was conducted to screen and evaluate the biocontrol potential of P. fluorescens strains against root-knot nematodes. The effectiveness of six P. fluorescens strains viz., Pf1, Pf2, Pf3, Pf4, Pf5and Pf6 were tested in vitro and also in pots experiment for their inhibitory activities and biocontrol potential against root-knot nematodes disease caused by Meloidogyne incognita on okra plant. Treatments of the nematode with 1.0-6.0% concentrations of 108 CFU/mL of Pf4 and Pf5 strains caused 70.0-95.0% inhibition on nematode egg-hatch and 2nd stage juveniles activity. Pf3, Pf4 and Pf5showed a decrease in the number of roots galling with increased root and shoot dry weights of stressed okra plant. Moreover, there was 25.99-36.43%, 37.76-79.145% and 42.62-62.37%, 69.83-98.09% increase in shoot length and leaf areas after 15th and 30th day respectively of P. fluorescens inoculation. The inoculated okra plants exhibited higher photosynthetic pigments, higher antioxidant enzymes activity and mineral contents than the nematode treated groups. Higher mineral contents were observed in the roots than the leaves of the okra plant subjected to the nematode infection. The bacteria strains especially Pf4 and Pf3 have considerable potential to reduce the menace of the nematodes in the treated okra plant. Therefore, the strains can be used for crop management against root-knot nematodes disease.

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Sleath, J. "PFI rides again." BMJ 320, no. 7237 (March 18, 2000): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7237.797.

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Rowan, Kirsty, and Tuvi Keinan. "IT PFI Projects." Computer Law & Security Review 18, no. 6 (November 2002): 411–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0267-3649(02)01106-8.

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Kerr, Derek. "The PFI Miracle." Capital & Class 22, no. 1 (March 1998): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030981689806400103.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pfi"

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Seoh, Seungwon 1975. "Innovative application of PFI to Korea." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47920.

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Henderson, Wendy M. "User satisfaction in PFI and non-PFI hospitals in the UK : in particular the outpatients' department reception/waiting areas." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/300624.

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Few studies have been undertaken which examine the correlation between design of the receptionl/waiting areas of the outpatients' departments and the implications for Private Finance Initiative (PFI) and non-PFI hospitals, in particular the interior environment with reference to user satisfaction. This study investigates to what degree user satisfaction has been achieved in the design of the receptionlwaiting areas in PFI and non-PFI hospitals. The aim of the investigation is to determine whether user satisfaction can be achieved in PFI or non-PFI hospital environments, particular in the outpatients' department. To ascertain whether hospital environments facilitate user friendly and therapeutic characteristics/attributes conducive to user satisfaction, two strands of investigation were undertaken; a) investigation and analysis of PFI and non-PFI hospital design; b) the study of users (PFI and non-PFI) via questionnaire surveys and analysis of their perceptions. The research methods utilised combinations of qualitative information from interviews, discussions with hospital end users, architects/designers and Consortium executives. The surveys undertaken with patients, hospital staff and NHS Trust Managers provided quantitative data to measure the degree to which user satisfaction had been achieved. The main findings of the design analysis identify the strengths and weaknesses in the design of the 'main' and 'sub' reception/waiting areas respectively. The results of the patient surveys, discussions and interviews revealed more positive perceptions of the hospital facilities for PFI hospitals and a general acceptance of the hospital facilities in the non-PFI hospitals. However, the other comments section of the questionnaires reveals some psychological needs of the user were not being met. The hospital staff surveys, discussions and interviews revealed the spatial planning was not ideal for their functional needs. The survey of NHS Trust Managers, Architects/Designers and Building Contractors revealed the difficulties associated with the collaborative process and the implications for the design development process, when reflecting upon 'cost effectiveness' and 'value for money' issues. The conclusions drawn from the study suggest that there is a case for the standardisation of therapeutic environments in the development of 'new build' hospital projects via the design development and collaborative process. The recommendation (see p. 313) provides a design protoeo/that enhance and aids the design development process via selective expertise, which addresses the functional and psychological needs of the hospital end user.

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Rintala, Kai Matias. "The economic efficiency of accommodation service PFI projects." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415227.

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Henjewele, Christian. "Modelling Client's Value for Money Uncertainties in PFI Projects." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525196.

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Private Finance Initiative (PFI) has successfully transformed the management of public sector construction projects by minimising construction risks and delivering projects with higher certainty in the time, cost, quality, and customer satisfaction than is with the counterpart traditional approach. The success rests in the principles of better Value for Money (VfM) demonstrated through the focus on whole-life costs and quality as the measure for economic, effective, and efficient procurement of the private sector and the delivery of the project and services thereafter. However, PFI has not addressed in full the expectation to provide better VfM due to uncertainties in the estimated project costs and persistent decrease in the specified client requirements as the project advances in the procurement process; hence, attracting distrust and resistance to the initiative. This highlights the need for a new approach to ensure that VfM is not only demonstrated at a point of procurement, but also monitored and sustained over the whole PFI contract period. This research explored the exposure of PFI projects to VfM uncertainty and developed a VfM Optimisation and Sustainability (VaS) model as it main scientific contribution. The developed model works abreast a Process Map, Taxonomy of uncertainty factors, and VfM Simulation and Monitoring Templates to define and develop VfM processes, create VfM, assess and test for its robustness, and sustain it through the entire project life. The model follows from a systematic analysis of the current practice and the uncertainties it creates. The analysis based on an empirical research that adopted a mixed-methods approach involving healthcare and transport PFI projects. The model was evaluated by experts from PFI projects and academics and by using simulation case studies. Adopting the model has the potential to improve the delivery of VfM through optimization of the benefits and costs during the project appraisal process, monitor and sustain VfM during the operating phase, and utilise lessons learnt for improvements in the future.

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Maier, Victoria. "UK PFI policymaking : punctuations and private sector impression management." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678946.

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This study focuses on Private Finance Initiative (PFI) policy in the UK and specifically the relative policy inertia that has characterised the development of this procurement method. PFI is a contract between the public and private sector, where the private sector is responsible for the design, build, finance and operation of a public sector asset and associated services. UK PFI policy has persisted virtually unchanged in its structure for almost two decades, despite criticisms of the policy and a lack of evidence that it is effective and efficient. In order to explain this pattern this study explores the responses of the National Audit Office (NAG), Parliament and PFI private sector companies to the developments of UK PFI policy via a content analysis of relevant reports. In doing so, this dissertation is able to present PFI policymaking as a dynamic process in which different stakeholders (the NAO, Parliament and private sector companies) react to policy challenges and actively influence policy developments. Accordingly, it is noted that the private sector has not been a passive bystander in the PFI policymaking process but used assertive impression management techniques during periods of change in PFI use to gain and maintain legitimacy of PFI in public policy contexts; and thus was able to maintain favourable conditions for itself. The study also suggests that the NAO frequently commented on PFI in ways, which legitimised existing practice, whereas Parliament (particularly the Public Accounts Committee) was more critical of PFI and placed greater focus on potential taxpayer concerns. As an overall conclusion, this work suggests that the NAO, Parliament and private sector responses can help explain the continued political support for PFI and its relatively unchanged structure, which has been maintained despite criticisms and concerns regarding fundamental principles, such as value for money.

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Kraus, Stefan, John D. Monnier, Michael J. Ireland, Gaspard Duchêne, Catherine Espaillat, Sebastian Hönig, Attila Juhasz, et al. "Planet Formation Imager (PFI): science vision and key requirements." SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622530.

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The Planet Formation Imager (PFI) project aims to provide a strong scientific vision for ground-based optical astronomy beyond the upcoming generation of Extremely Large Telescopes. We make the case that a breakthrough in angular resolution imaging capabilities is required in order to unravel the processes involved in planet formation. PFI will be optimised to provide a complete census of the protoplanet population at all stellocentric radii and over the age range from 0.1 to similar to 100 Myr. Within this age period, planetary systems undergo dramatic changes and the final architecture of planetary systems is determined. Our goal is to study the planetary birth on the natural spatial scale where the material is assembled, which is the "Hill Sphere" of the forming planet, and to characterise the protoplanetary cores by measuring their masses and physical properties. Our science working group has investigated the observational characteristics of these young protoplanets as well as the migration mechanisms that might alter the system architecture. We simulated the imprints that the planets leave in the disk and study how PFI could revolutionise areas ranging from exoplanet to extragalactic science. In this contribution we outline the key science drivers of PFI and discuss the requirements that will guide the technology choices, the site selection, and potential science/technology tradeoffs.

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Ezulike, Ekene Ifeanyi. "Construction compainies and their strategies in the emerging PFI industry." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633091.

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The aim of the thesis is to report on how construction companies are approaching the PFI market and the strategies which they are adopting in the PFI industry. Utilising material from semi-structured interviews with three categories of construction company, small, medium-size and large, consideration is given to: the structural characteristics in the PFI industry; the barrier to entry in the PFI industry; the problems constraining the development in the PFI industry; and the strategies which construction companies are adopting in the PFI industry, in order to establish whether Porter's framework of an emerging industry is applicable to the PFI industry. Consideration is also given to the applicability of the research findings to existing business and strategic management literature. The research finding suggest that construction companies in the PFI industry are adopting a number of strategies which are compatible with those suggested in existing business and strategic management literature. The research findings also suggest that Porter's emerging industry framework has limited applicability to the PFI industry namely because: his framework is generic and of a general nature; all industries are likely to have characteristics which are unique; and his framework is based on industries that involve the manufacture of a standard product.

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Badi, S. M. "Sustainable energy innovation (SEI) within private finance initiative (PFI) projects." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1344175/.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the capacity of the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) project delivery model to support the implementation of Sustainable Energy Innovation (SEI) within the context of the UK government’s Building Schools for the Future (BSF) programme. The study attends to a significant gap in knowledge as there is a lack of conceptual and empirical work on managing innovative processes for sustainable energy in PFI projects. Adopting Complex Product Systems (CoPS) Innovation Management Theory, the BSF PFI project is conceptualised as a CoPS supply network where success in innovation largely depends on the interactive relationships among multiple project participants (Hobday, 1998, 2000; Hobday et al., 2000; Gann and Salter, 2000). A conceptual framework is developed based on three determinants of CoPS innovation, particularly: (1) clarity of the requirement, (2) communication and collaboration and (3) contractual incentives. Taking such a system‐oriented perspective is considered important for SEI due to the increasing levels of functional dependency and component complexity associated with environmental innovations. Thus, effective interaction among producers, clients and users is seen to be critical for their successful development (Rohracher, 2001; Intrachooto and Horayangkura, 2007). Following a four‐case qualitative research methodology, the empirical findings point to the significance of the three determinants of CoPS innovation in shaping the environment in which private sector producers operate and innovate in BSF PFI projects. However, while the qualitative nature of the chosen research methodology limits the ability to generalise, the case study findings provide empirical evidence to the limited capacity of the PFI delivery model to support SEI based on the key determinants postulated in CoPS Innovation Management Theory. The research establishes that the capacity of the BSF PFI project delivery model to support SEI is weakened by: the limited clarity of the sustainable energy requirement particularly in relation to its specificity and achievability; ineffective multidisciplinary communication and collaboration within the integrated ProjectCo due to restricting internal contractual relationships and the misalignment of Design‐ Construction‐Operation sustainability objectives; and ineffective Client/User‐Producer communication and collaboration brought in by the restricted nature of BSF engagement processes as well as the misalignment of Client/User‐Producer sustainability objectives. Contractual incentives were found to support SEI, albeit by fear of financial penalties through risk allocation, rather than pursuit of reward for innovation. The study concluded that the BSF PFI project delivery model, as a procurement policy, may not adequately appreciate the system dynamics needed for successful SEI. Indeed, the study underlined a number of problematic issues, or ‘hotspots’ (Hansen and Rush, 1998; Hobday and Rush, 1999), weakening the key determinants of CoPS innovation success in BSF PFI projects. Recommendations were developed to rectify the identified problematic issues. Future research directions were also suggested.

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Mustapa, Muzani. "Facilities management knowledge in private finance initiative (PFI) healthcare projects." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12843.

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An organisation's accumulation of knowledge has been identified as a key factor in its progress and survival. This is particularly the case for a business that involves service delivery and is very pertinent to the construction industry. The key to success in managing organisational knowledge is recognising the importance of managing (and maintaining) the knowledge of the staff in the face of staff retention challenges. Knowledge retention is integral to ensuring that the experience and tacit knowledge acquired by the staff during their service will not be lost when the staff leave the organisation. The concept of Knowledge Management (KM) is seen as the solution through the inculcation of knowledge sharing via various tools and techniques in managing the knowledge within parties in construction. The aim of this research is to identify where and how KM initiatives being used within PFI-FM healthcare projects as a result of the unique character of the associated PFI contracts and a wide range of FM services. The complexities involved in managing and delivering services at the operational stage of PFI projects and the vast amount of tasks and services stipulated in the FM context, particularly regarding the planning, types of services, time, place, tools and resources needed, make it a suitable area for KM adoption. This research, which involved exploratory studies, literature reviews, analyses of three case studies involving PFI-FM healthcare projects and structured interviews with the Facilities Managers, has managed to discover the adoption of KM tools in managing FM healthcare services among Facilities Managers in PFI healthcare projects. However, KM has not been used to its fullest potential; the incomplete application of KM initiatives has, thus, created some problems with regard to delivering PFI-FM healthcare services. The outcome has resulted in the formulation of a framework that combines the best practices of KM initiatives with practical approaches of managing organisational knowledge of FM healthcare services which derived from the case studies. The framework has been validated by experts evaluated from the industry and refined to ensure that the framework developed is practical. The most pertinent achievements of this research include demonstrations of the needs for KM initiatives in delivering PFI-FM healthcare services and the development of a framework to enable better service delivery among the PFI-FM healthcare service providers, particularly with regard to addressing the challenges derived from PFI contracts and the vast scope of FM healthcare services. Overall, the study provides a clear justification and indication from a theoretical point of view and empirical evidence from the facilities managers perspective of the significance of KM initiatives in delivering PFI-FM healthcare services in the UK. Furthermore, recommendations have been made to improve and enable comprehension of the framework application and facilitate its implementation in the construction industry.

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Romeiras, de Lemos M. "Sustainable competitive advantage in PFI : a systematic and holistic approach to identify the CSFs in risk management in PFI, taking into account the whole life cycle." Thesis, University of Salford, 2002. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14839/.

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I wish to express my gratitude to Professor Martin Betts and Professor Luis Tadeu de Almeida, my joint supervisors, for their support and encouragement throughout the entire period of my research. My special thanks to Dr. David Eaton for his invaluable assistance, continued support, encouragement and patience. I would like to thank all staff from the School of Construction and Property Management of Salford University and from the Departamento de Engenharia e Gestão do Instituto Superior Técnico for their help during this period. My thanks to my colleagues in my Department in Lisbon and to my research colleagues in Salford. Their insights, opinions and support were of great value to my research and for myself. I would like also to express my gratitude to all that contributed to my research, making themselves available for interviewing and also providing material for my research. Thanks to my parents, all my family and friends for their support. Finally, a very special kiss to my sons and daughter: Luis Miguel, Maria Joana and Filipe Manuel for their love, encouragement and patience during this period as my time was short for them.

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Books on the topic "Pfi"

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Labour Research Department. Profiting from PFI. London: UNISON, 2003.

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Institution, of Professionals Managers and Specialists. Private finance initiative (PFI). London: Institution of Professionals, Managers and Specialists, 1996.

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PFI no hōmu to jitsumu. 2nd ed. Tōkyō: Kin'yū Zaisei Jijō Kenkyūkai, 2012.

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Treasury, HM. PFI: Meeting the investment challenge. London: HM Treasury, 2003.

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Cost planning of PFI building projects. London: Taylor & Francis, 2006.

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Office, National Audit. The operational performance of PFI prisons. London: Stationery Office, 2003.

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Office, National Audit. Making changes in operational PFI projects. London: Stationery Office, 2008.

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McFadyean, Melanie. School governors and Haringey Schools PFI scheme. London: Menard Press, 2002.

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Shovelton, Chris. IM&T PFI deals in the NHS. Kingston upon Thames: Croner Publications, 1997.

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McFadyean, Melanie. PFI versus democracy?: The case of Birmingham's hospitals. London: Menard Press, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pfi"

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Gass, Saul I., and Carl M. Harris. "PFI." In Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science, 614. New York, NY: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0611-x_751.

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Michalos, Alex C. "Press Freedom Index (PFI)." In Encyclopedia of Business and Professional Ethics, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23514-1_1195-1.

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Ramsaran, Ramesh F. "Private Foreign Investment (PFI)." In An Introduction to International Money and Finance, 234–54. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26356-1_9.

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Merrill, Gary James. "Union Canutes Cannot Halt PFI." In The Political Content of British Economic, Business and Financial Journalism, 99–142. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04012-3_4.

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Asenova, Darinka, and Matthias Beck. "Obstacles to Accountability in PFI Projects." In Policy, Finance & Management for Public-Private Partnerships, 47–63. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444301427.ch3.

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Burtonshaw-Gunn, Simon A. "Pre-Contract Risk in International PFI Projects." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 187–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79934-6_12.

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Scott, Jon, and Herbert Robinson. "The Payment Mechanism in Operational PFI Projects." In Policy, Finance & Management for Public-Private Partnerships, 414–35. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444301427.ch22.

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Farquharson, Edward. "Managing PFI Projects in the United Kingdom." In Public Investment and Public-Private Partnerships, 187–96. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230593992_12.

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Toms, Steven, and Darinka Asenova. "Refinancing and the Profitability of UK PFI Projects." In Policy, Finance & Management for Public-Private Partnerships, 64–81. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444301427.ch4.

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Khosrowshahi, Farzad, Rodney Howes, and Ghassan Aouad. "A Building Maintenance Decision Tool for PFI Projects." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 213–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30103-5_25.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pfi"

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Mittal, M., G. Zhu, H. J. Schock, T. Stuecken, and D. L. S. Hung. "Burn Rate Analysis of an Ethanol-Gasoline, Dual Fueled, Spark Ignition Engine." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66139.

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An experimental study is performed to investigate the combustion characteristics of an ethanol-gasoline, dual fueled, single cylinder spark ignition (SI) engine. A dual fuel injection system with both Direct-Injection (DI) and Port-Fuel-Injection (PFI) is used in this work. The performance of PFI-E85 and DI-gasoline, and PFI-gasoline and DI-E85 systems is presented. E85 is a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline by volume. In each test, the percentage of E85 is varied from 100 (0% gasoline) to 0 (100% gasoline) to compare the various cases. PFI-gasoline and DI-gasoline (PFI & DI-gasoline) results are also presented to provide a baseline for comparison. The cycle-to-cycle variability is presented using coefficient of variation (COV) of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP). Mass fraction burned (MFB) and burn duration are determined from the analysis of measured in-cylinder pressure data. The well known Rassweiler and Withrow method (Model 1), with a new linear model for the polytropic index, is used to obtain the MFB curves. The differences are presented for the net pressure method (Model 2) to evaluate the burn rates. It is found that combustion is faster with the increase in PFI percentage for all the three setups with dual fuel injection. The PFI-E85 and DI-gasoline system showed that the burn duration decreases significantly with the increase in PFI percentage; however, the PFI-gasoline and DI-E85 system showed only slight differences with the increase in PFI percentage. Model 2 showed good agreement with Model 1 at high load conditions; however, it predicts slower combustion at light load conditions.

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Huang, Wei, Junyan Jin, and Shoujian Zhang. "PFI Risk Management Research." In ICCREM 2015. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479377.086.

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Linder, S. P., and B. Shafai. "Robust PFI Kalman filters." In Proceedings of the 1998 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.1998.688445.

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4

Su, Jianye, Weiyang Lin, Jeff Sterniak, Min Xu, and Stanislav V. Bohac. "Particulate Matter Emission Comparison of Spark Ignition Direct Injection (SIDI) and Port Fuel Injection (PFI) Operation of a Boosted Gasoline Engine." In ASME 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2013-19157.

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Abstract:

Spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) gasoline engines, especially in downsized boosted engine platforms, are increasing their market share relative to port fuel injection (PFI) engines in U.S., European and Chinese vehicles due to better fuel economy by enabling higher compression ratios and higher specific power output. However, particulate matter (PM) emissions from engines are becoming a concern due to adverse human health and environment effects, and more stringent emission standards. To conduct a PM number and size comparison between SIDI and PFI systems, a 2.0 L boosted gasoline engine has been equipped and tested with both systems at different loads, air fuel ratios, spark timings, fuel pressures and injection timings for SIDI operation and loads, air fuel ratios and spark timings for PFI operation. Regardless of load, air fuel ratio, spark timing, fuel pressure, and injection timing, particle size distribution from SIDI and PFI is shown to be bimodal, exhibiting nucleation and accumulation mode particles. SIDI produces particle numbers that are an order of magnitude greater than PFI. Particle number can be reduced by retarding spark timing and operating the engine lean, both for SIDI and PFI operation. Increasing fuel injection pressure and optimizing injection timing with SIDI also reduces PM emissions. This study provides insight into the differences in PM emissions from boosted SIDI and PFI engines and an evaluation of PM reduction potential by varying engine operating parameters in boosted SIDI and PFI gasoline engines.

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Soloiu, Valentin, Marvin Duggan, Jabeous Weaver, Brian Vlcek, Spencer Harp, and Gustavo Molina. "RCCI Operation With PFI of n-Butanol and DI of Biodiesel Compared With DI of Binary Mixtures of n-Butanol and Biodiesel." In ASME 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2013-19245.

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In this study the Reactive Controlled Combustion Ignition (RCCI) obtained by early port fuel injection (PFI) of n-butanol and direct injection (DI) of biodiesel were compared with in cylinder direct injected binary mixture of n-butanol and biodiesel with the same mass ratio of 3:1 in both fuelling strategies. The combustion and emissions characteristics were investigated at 5 bars IMEP at 1400 rpm. The ignition for DI of n-butanol-biodiesel binary blends showed a delay by approximately 7.5°CAD compared with the PFI case. For the binary mixture, n-butanol-biodiesel, the combustion pressure has decreased by 50% compared to the PFI of butanol. The maximum in cylinder gas temperature decreased by 100K for the n-butanol-biodiesel mixture versus ULSD#2 and has also experienced a 10° CAD delay. The premixed charge combustion has been split into two regions of high temperature heat release, an early one BTDC, and a second stage, ATDC for the PFI strategy. Increasing the load to 7.5 bars IMEP, heavy knock occurred for the PFI case. The soot emissions showed a 90% decrease with n-butanol injection PFI and by 98% reduction for DI of n-butanol binary mixture with the biodiesel, while the NOx emissions were reduced by 40% in both cases. The aldehyde emissions exhibited a significant 95% decrease for the n-butanol-biodiesel binary mixture compared with the n-butanol PFI. The mechanical efficiency at 80% and thermal efficiency and 38% were found similar, for both fuelling strategies. The results of this work suggest that the DI of n-butanol-biodiesel binary mixtures is more effective in reducing emissions than PFI of n-butanol combined with DI of biodiesel and also less likely to produce knock.

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6

Mozurkewich, David, John Young, and Michael Ireland. "Practical beam transport for PFI." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Fabien Malbet, Michelle J. Creech-Eakman, and Peter G. Tuthill. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2232382.

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7

Wang, Nannan, Ronggui Ding, Milan Radosavljevic, and Hua Sun. "Practicing sustainability in PFI project management." In 2011 IEEE International Technology Management Conference (ITMC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itmc.2011.5996048.

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8

Hai-ling, Li, and Liu Ke-jian. "Dynamic Assessment of PFI Project Implementation Process." In 2010 International Conference on Computing, Control and Industrial Engineering. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccie.2010.68.

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9

Verhelst, Sebastian, and Roger Sierens. "Combustion Studies for PFI Hydrogen IC Engines." In Asia Pacific Automotive Engineering Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-3610.

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Boretti, Alberto A., and Harry C. Watson. "Comparison of Pfi and Di Superbike Engines." In Motorsports Engineering Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-2943.

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Reports on the topic "Pfi"

1

Goto, Hisashi, Takeshi Morikawa, Mineo Yamamoto, and Minoru Iida. Predictive Simulation of PFI Engine Combustion and Emission. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-32-9169.

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2

Elkelawy, Medhat. Numerical Study on the Hydrogen Fueled SI Engine Combustion Optimization through a Combined Operation of DI and PFI Strategies. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2012-32-0072.

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3

Rogers, Edwin Lloyd. Search for $B_c \to B_s \pi$, $B_s \to J/\psi \phi$ decay with the CDF Detector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1369237.

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4

Aubert, B., R. Barate, M. Bona, D. Boutigny, F. Couderc, Y. Karyotakis, J. P. Lees, et al. Search for B+ ->phi pi+ and B0->phi pi0 Decays. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/882836.

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5

Makhoul, Khaldoun. CP Violation in Flavor Tagged $B_s \to J/\psi \phi$ Decays. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/981875.

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6

Weatherall, James H. A measurement of the B0 --> J/psi pi+pi- branching fraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/801776.

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7

Georgiopoulos, Christos H. Observation of the Cabibbo Suppressed Decay D+- ---> phi pi+-. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1433241.

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Weatherall, James H. A Measurement of the B{sup 0} {yields} J{psi}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} Branching Fraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/799034.

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9

Cibinetto, Gianluigi. Study of the final state J/Psi pi+- in charmonium decays. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/948167.

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10

Jessop, Colin P. Measurement of the Branching Fraction for D(S)- -> phi pi-. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/813218.

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