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Seoh, Seungwon 1975. "Innovative application of PFI to Korea." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47920.
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Henderson, Wendy M. "User satisfaction in PFI and non-PFI hospitals in the UK : in particular the outpatients' department reception/waiting areas." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/300624.
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Few studies have been undertaken which examine the correlation between design of the receptionl/waiting areas of the outpatients' departments and the implications for Private Finance Initiative (PFI) and non-PFI hospitals, in particular the interior environment with reference to user satisfaction. This study investigates to what degree user satisfaction has been achieved in the design of the receptionlwaiting areas in PFI and non-PFI hospitals. The aim of the investigation is to determine whether user satisfaction can be achieved in PFI or non-PFI hospital environments, particular in the outpatients' department. To ascertain whether hospital environments facilitate user friendly and therapeutic characteristics/attributes conducive to user satisfaction, two strands of investigation were undertaken; a) investigation and analysis of PFI and non-PFI hospital design; b) the study of users (PFI and non-PFI) via questionnaire surveys and analysis of their perceptions. The research methods utilised combinations of qualitative information from interviews, discussions with hospital end users, architects/designers and Consortium executives. The surveys undertaken with patients, hospital staff and NHS Trust Managers provided quantitative data to measure the degree to which user satisfaction had been achieved. The main findings of the design analysis identify the strengths and weaknesses in the design of the 'main' and 'sub' reception/waiting areas respectively. The results of the patient surveys, discussions and interviews revealed more positive perceptions of the hospital facilities for PFI hospitals and a general acceptance of the hospital facilities in the non-PFI hospitals. However, the other comments section of the questionnaires reveals some psychological needs of the user were not being met. The hospital staff surveys, discussions and interviews revealed the spatial planning was not ideal for their functional needs. The survey of NHS Trust Managers, Architects/Designers and Building Contractors revealed the difficulties associated with the collaborative process and the implications for the design development process, when reflecting upon 'cost effectiveness' and 'value for money' issues. The conclusions drawn from the study suggest that there is a case for the standardisation of therapeutic environments in the development of 'new build' hospital projects via the design development and collaborative process. The recommendation (see p. 313) provides a design protoeo/that enhance and aids the design development process via selective expertise, which addresses the functional and psychological needs of the hospital end user.
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Rintala, Kai Matias. "The economic efficiency of accommodation service PFI projects." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415227.
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Henjewele, Christian. "Modelling Client's Value for Money Uncertainties in PFI Projects." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525196.
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Private Finance Initiative (PFI) has successfully transformed the management of public sector construction projects by minimising construction risks and delivering projects with higher certainty in the time, cost, quality, and customer satisfaction than is with the counterpart traditional approach. The success rests in the principles of better Value for Money (VfM) demonstrated through the focus on whole-life costs and quality as the measure for economic, effective, and efficient procurement of the private sector and the delivery of the project and services thereafter. However, PFI has not addressed in full the expectation to provide better VfM due to uncertainties in the estimated project costs and persistent decrease in the specified client requirements as the project advances in the procurement process; hence, attracting distrust and resistance to the initiative. This highlights the need for a new approach to ensure that VfM is not only demonstrated at a point of procurement, but also monitored and sustained over the whole PFI contract period. This research explored the exposure of PFI projects to VfM uncertainty and developed a VfM Optimisation and Sustainability (VaS) model as it main scientific contribution. The developed model works abreast a Process Map, Taxonomy of uncertainty factors, and VfM Simulation and Monitoring Templates to define and develop VfM processes, create VfM, assess and test for its robustness, and sustain it through the entire project life. The model follows from a systematic analysis of the current practice and the uncertainties it creates. The analysis based on an empirical research that adopted a mixed-methods approach involving healthcare and transport PFI projects. The model was evaluated by experts from PFI projects and academics and by using simulation case studies. Adopting the model has the potential to improve the delivery of VfM through optimization of the benefits and costs during the project appraisal process, monitor and sustain VfM during the operating phase, and utilise lessons learnt for improvements in the future.
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Maier, Victoria. "UK PFI policymaking : punctuations and private sector impression management." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678946.
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This study focuses on Private Finance Initiative (PFI) policy in the UK and specifically the relative policy inertia that has characterised the development of this procurement method. PFI is a contract between the public and private sector, where the private sector is responsible for the design, build, finance and operation of a public sector asset and associated services. UK PFI policy has persisted virtually unchanged in its structure for almost two decades, despite criticisms of the policy and a lack of evidence that it is effective and efficient. In order to explain this pattern this study explores the responses of the National Audit Office (NAG), Parliament and PFI private sector companies to the developments of UK PFI policy via a content analysis of relevant reports. In doing so, this dissertation is able to present PFI policymaking as a dynamic process in which different stakeholders (the NAO, Parliament and private sector companies) react to policy challenges and actively influence policy developments. Accordingly, it is noted that the private sector has not been a passive bystander in the PFI policymaking process but used assertive impression management techniques during periods of change in PFI use to gain and maintain legitimacy of PFI in public policy contexts; and thus was able to maintain favourable conditions for itself. The study also suggests that the NAO frequently commented on PFI in ways, which legitimised existing practice, whereas Parliament (particularly the Public Accounts Committee) was more critical of PFI and placed greater focus on potential taxpayer concerns. As an overall conclusion, this work suggests that the NAO, Parliament and private sector responses can help explain the continued political support for PFI and its relatively unchanged structure, which has been maintained despite criticisms and concerns regarding fundamental principles, such as value for money.
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Kraus, Stefan, John D. Monnier, Michael J. Ireland, Gaspard Duchêne, Catherine Espaillat, Sebastian Hönig, Attila Juhasz, et al. "Planet Formation Imager (PFI): science vision and key requirements." SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622530.
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The Planet Formation Imager (PFI) project aims to provide a strong scientific vision for ground-based optical astronomy beyond the upcoming generation of Extremely Large Telescopes. We make the case that a breakthrough in angular resolution imaging capabilities is required in order to unravel the processes involved in planet formation. PFI will be optimised to provide a complete census of the protoplanet population at all stellocentric radii and over the age range from 0.1 to similar to 100 Myr. Within this age period, planetary systems undergo dramatic changes and the final architecture of planetary systems is determined. Our goal is to study the planetary birth on the natural spatial scale where the material is assembled, which is the "Hill Sphere" of the forming planet, and to characterise the protoplanetary cores by measuring their masses and physical properties. Our science working group has investigated the observational characteristics of these young protoplanets as well as the migration mechanisms that might alter the system architecture. We simulated the imprints that the planets leave in the disk and study how PFI could revolutionise areas ranging from exoplanet to extragalactic science. In this contribution we outline the key science drivers of PFI and discuss the requirements that will guide the technology choices, the site selection, and potential science/technology tradeoffs.
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Ezulike, Ekene Ifeanyi. "Construction compainies and their strategies in the emerging PFI industry." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633091.
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The aim of the thesis is to report on how construction companies are approaching the PFI market and the strategies which they are adopting in the PFI industry. Utilising material from semi-structured interviews with three categories of construction company, small, medium-size and large, consideration is given to: the structural characteristics in the PFI industry; the barrier to entry in the PFI industry; the problems constraining the development in the PFI industry; and the strategies which construction companies are adopting in the PFI industry, in order to establish whether Porter's framework of an emerging industry is applicable to the PFI industry. Consideration is also given to the applicability of the research findings to existing business and strategic management literature. The research finding suggest that construction companies in the PFI industry are adopting a number of strategies which are compatible with those suggested in existing business and strategic management literature. The research findings also suggest that Porter's emerging industry framework has limited applicability to the PFI industry namely because: his framework is generic and of a general nature; all industries are likely to have characteristics which are unique; and his framework is based on industries that involve the manufacture of a standard product.
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Badi, S. M. "Sustainable energy innovation (SEI) within private finance initiative (PFI) projects." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1344175/.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the capacity of the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) project delivery model to support the implementation of Sustainable Energy Innovation (SEI) within the context of the UK government’s Building Schools for the Future (BSF) programme. The study attends to a significant gap in knowledge as there is a lack of conceptual and empirical work on managing innovative processes for sustainable energy in PFI projects. Adopting Complex Product Systems (CoPS) Innovation Management Theory, the BSF PFI project is conceptualised as a CoPS supply network where success in innovation largely depends on the interactive relationships among multiple project participants (Hobday, 1998, 2000; Hobday et al., 2000; Gann and Salter, 2000). A conceptual framework is developed based on three determinants of CoPS innovation, particularly: (1) clarity of the requirement, (2) communication and collaboration and (3) contractual incentives. Taking such a system‐oriented perspective is considered important for SEI due to the increasing levels of functional dependency and component complexity associated with environmental innovations. Thus, effective interaction among producers, clients and users is seen to be critical for their successful development (Rohracher, 2001; Intrachooto and Horayangkura, 2007). Following a four‐case qualitative research methodology, the empirical findings point to the significance of the three determinants of CoPS innovation in shaping the environment in which private sector producers operate and innovate in BSF PFI projects. However, while the qualitative nature of the chosen research methodology limits the ability to generalise, the case study findings provide empirical evidence to the limited capacity of the PFI delivery model to support SEI based on the key determinants postulated in CoPS Innovation Management Theory. The research establishes that the capacity of the BSF PFI project delivery model to support SEI is weakened by: the limited clarity of the sustainable energy requirement particularly in relation to its specificity and achievability; ineffective multidisciplinary communication and collaboration within the integrated ProjectCo due to restricting internal contractual relationships and the misalignment of Design‐ Construction‐Operation sustainability objectives; and ineffective Client/User‐Producer communication and collaboration brought in by the restricted nature of BSF engagement processes as well as the misalignment of Client/User‐Producer sustainability objectives. Contractual incentives were found to support SEI, albeit by fear of financial penalties through risk allocation, rather than pursuit of reward for innovation. The study concluded that the BSF PFI project delivery model, as a procurement policy, may not adequately appreciate the system dynamics needed for successful SEI. Indeed, the study underlined a number of problematic issues, or ‘hotspots’ (Hansen and Rush, 1998; Hobday and Rush, 1999), weakening the key determinants of CoPS innovation success in BSF PFI projects. Recommendations were developed to rectify the identified problematic issues. Future research directions were also suggested.
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Mustapa, Muzani. "Facilities management knowledge in private finance initiative (PFI) healthcare projects." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12843.
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An organisation's accumulation of knowledge has been identified as a key factor in its progress and survival. This is particularly the case for a business that involves service delivery and is very pertinent to the construction industry. The key to success in managing organisational knowledge is recognising the importance of managing (and maintaining) the knowledge of the staff in the face of staff retention challenges. Knowledge retention is integral to ensuring that the experience and tacit knowledge acquired by the staff during their service will not be lost when the staff leave the organisation. The concept of Knowledge Management (KM) is seen as the solution through the inculcation of knowledge sharing via various tools and techniques in managing the knowledge within parties in construction. The aim of this research is to identify where and how KM initiatives being used within PFI-FM healthcare projects as a result of the unique character of the associated PFI contracts and a wide range of FM services. The complexities involved in managing and delivering services at the operational stage of PFI projects and the vast amount of tasks and services stipulated in the FM context, particularly regarding the planning, types of services, time, place, tools and resources needed, make it a suitable area for KM adoption. This research, which involved exploratory studies, literature reviews, analyses of three case studies involving PFI-FM healthcare projects and structured interviews with the Facilities Managers, has managed to discover the adoption of KM tools in managing FM healthcare services among Facilities Managers in PFI healthcare projects. However, KM has not been used to its fullest potential; the incomplete application of KM initiatives has, thus, created some problems with regard to delivering PFI-FM healthcare services. The outcome has resulted in the formulation of a framework that combines the best practices of KM initiatives with practical approaches of managing organisational knowledge of FM healthcare services which derived from the case studies. The framework has been validated by experts evaluated from the industry and refined to ensure that the framework developed is practical. The most pertinent achievements of this research include demonstrations of the needs for KM initiatives in delivering PFI-FM healthcare services and the development of a framework to enable better service delivery among the PFI-FM healthcare service providers, particularly with regard to addressing the challenges derived from PFI contracts and the vast scope of FM healthcare services. Overall, the study provides a clear justification and indication from a theoretical point of view and empirical evidence from the facilities managers perspective of the significance of KM initiatives in delivering PFI-FM healthcare services in the UK. Furthermore, recommendations have been made to improve and enable comprehension of the framework application and facilitate its implementation in the construction industry.
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Romeiras, de Lemos M. "Sustainable competitive advantage in PFI : a systematic and holistic approach to identify the CSFs in risk management in PFI, taking into account the whole life cycle." Thesis, University of Salford, 2002. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14839/.
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I wish to express my gratitude to Professor Martin Betts and Professor Luis Tadeu de Almeida, my joint supervisors, for their support and encouragement throughout the entire period of my research. My special thanks to Dr. David Eaton for his invaluable assistance, continued support, encouragement and patience. I would like to thank all staff from the School of Construction and Property Management of Salford University and from the Departamento de Engenharia e Gestão do Instituto Superior Técnico for their help during this period. My thanks to my colleagues in my Department in Lisbon and to my research colleagues in Salford. Their insights, opinions and support were of great value to my research and for myself. I would like also to express my gratitude to all that contributed to my research, making themselves available for interviewing and also providing material for my research. Thanks to my parents, all my family and friends for their support. Finally, a very special kiss to my sons and daughter: Luis Miguel, Maria Joana and Filipe Manuel for their love, encouragement and patience during this period as my time was short for them.
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Akbiyikli, Rifat. "The holistic realisation of PFI road project objectives in the UK." Thesis, University of Salford, 2005. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26503/.
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Owen, Kevin Julian. "Success factors in the procurement of privately financed tolled transportation infrastructure projects in the UK." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272433.
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McNally, Keith Christopher. "Values orientation influencing relationship cooperative behavioural mechanisms between health PFI project leaders." Thesis, Kingston University, 2009. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20884/.
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Complex multi-sector relationships are created in long-term health private finance initiative (PFI) projects within and across the inter-organisational (IOR) boundary. Relationship engagement and cooperative behaviour are influenced by an individual's values orientation, which in turn affects attitude and influences the selection and operation of various cooperation mechanisms. The study considered the use of behavioural cooperation mechanisms by project leaders within role-sets created within a PFI environment from the theoretical positions of role-set theory (Katz and Kahn, 1966), behavioural mechanisms influencing cooperation (Chen et al. 1998), and values orientation (Schwartz, 1992). The research adopted the position that values act as general guiding principles in one's life (Schwartz, 1992), a stance that extends Rokeach's (1973) research of the universal nature of human values. A mixed methodology was used to obtain the values orientation profiles of twenty-nine respondents from six project environments using the Schwartz Values Survey Instrument (SVS) combined with repertory grid interviews to elicit the individuals' construct structures. Cluster and principal components analyses were subsequently carried out to enable values profiles to be assessed against construct categorisation. Two-dimensional values domains were obtained for all respondents where respondent propensity tended towards self-transcendent and openness-to-change domains (Schwartz, 1992). Values orientation was examined against elicited constructs after cluster and principal components analysis was carried out for each repertory grid interview response. Analysis enabled construct categorisation to be aligned with the categories identified in an amended model of cooperation. Cooperation mechanisms clustered into two groupings. These reflected the high importance to the sample of trust and accountability in relationships, and the lower importance of group membership, communication process and goals. However, the ranking of the second cluster of attributes was highly sensitive to a changing order. Consistently, the least important behavioural mechanism was reward structures.
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Hakim, Hagir. "Effective contract structures and value for money in PFI social housing projects." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.550352.
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In the last 20 years the UK has witnessed a continuous evolution in the use of private finance for the procurement of public infrastructure and services. social housing is the new frontier in utilising PFI in the provision of public service. Private involvement in social housing is complicated by the highly social nature of the sector. Given the often conflicting objectives between the public and the private sectors, the challenge is to structure PFI projects in such a way that they are viable to both parties. Due to the private sector need for confidentiality research to date has been severely constrained by having access to only one of the stakeholders resulting in only a partial understanding of the risk allocation and risk sharing procedures in PFI. This PhD research had the unique and unprecedented opportunity to access confidential .' , data including contracts, financial models on one of the first social housing PFI projects. The Grove Village PFI pathfinder has transformed the run-down housing estate from a crime-ridden place to a vibrant community. Empirical data accessed was utilised to build a detailed and exhaustive case study of the internal processes of the project to extract the key differences between the risk perceptions of different project parties and explain how competing objectives of the project parties were reconciled. The research revealed several facts in the development of social housing PFI projects that reduce value for money and developed mechanisms by which parties can reconcile the differences that exist between them. The research provides evidence on how PFI projects can maximise value for money for the various stakeholders involved.
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Sohnlein, Bradford Raymond. "PFI-ZEKE SPECTROSCOPY AND THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS OF TRANSITION METAL-AROMATIC HYDROCARBON COMPLEXES." UKnowledge, 2007. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/527.
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Transition metal-aromatic hydrocarbon complexes were generated in a supersonic jet and studied by zero electron kinetic energy (ZEKE) photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The target metal complexes were identified using time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and their ionization thresholds were located via photoionization efficiency spectroscopy. ZEKE spectroscopy was used to measure the ionization energies and vibrational frequencies of the metal complexes. Their electronic states and corresponding molecular structures were determined by comparing the experimental spectra to quantum chemical calculations and Franck-Condon simulations. In this dissertation, the metal complexes of four different aromatic hydrocarbon ligands were studied: benzene (bz), naphthalene (np), biphenyl (bp) and 1-phenyl naphthalene (phnp). In these complexes, the metal atom or ion was determined to bind to either one or two -rings. Three different bonding schemes were observed in these complexes. A twofold bonding scheme was observed in M+/M-np (M = Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf), while a sixfold bonding scheme was observed in Sc+/Sc-bz and M+/M-bz2 (M = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mo, W). In the metal-polyphenyl complexes (i.e. Sc-, La-, and Ti-bp and Sc-phnp), twelve-fold metal-ligand bonding occurred, sixfold to two -rings of the ligand. This twelve-fold bonding mechanism requires rotation of the -rings by ~ 42 o and bending of the -rings by 40 to 57 o to clamp the metal atom or ion between the two -surfaces. Although the ground state spin multiplicities of the bare metal atoms and ions varied quite extensively, the multiplicities of the metal complexes were determined to be either singlet or doublet, except for Sc+/Sc-bz, V+-bz2, Ti-np, and Zr-np, where the triplet or quartet spin multiplicities were favored. The low spin and relatively narrower range of electron-spin multiplicities in the complexes were the result of d orbital splitting, where the degeneracy of the d orbitals was broken. Thus, the valence electrons were paired in each metal d-based molecular orbital of the complex to form low-spin singlet or doublet spin states. Some complexes favored triplet and quartet multiplicities, because the energy difference between the two highest occupied molecular orbitals was smaller than the electron pairing energy.
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Beattie, David A. "ZEKE-PFI photoelectron spectroscopy of halogens and iodine van der Waals complexes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10766.
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Hope, Alex. "Greener homes for the future? : sustainability in PFI local authority social housing." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2011. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/5667/.
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The United Kingdom is committed to cutting greenhouse gas emissions by 80 percent by 2050 as part of a strategy to mitigate climate change. As housing is responsible for approximately 26 percent of all UK carbon emissions, housing carbon reduction is a key component in meeting this target. Local Authorities are faced with the problem of how to improve the quality of existing housing stock, provide additional social housing to meet increasing demand, and cutting emissions from both new and existing housing stock. The Private Finance Initiative (PFI) is being used as a means to deliver new and refurbished social housing using private, rather than public capital, and is expected to enable the delivery of sustainable, rented homes. However there have been concerns about the use of the PFI model to deliver public sector housing which meet sustainability goals. The overall aim of this thesis is to examine whether the UK’s Public Finance Initiative (PFI) can achieve the procurement of sustainable social housing. In order to address this aim, the study considers the technical and contextual issues that affect sustainability in PFI housing projects, focussing specifically on one such project in the North East of England. With regard to the technical issues, the research introduces a methodological tool that has been developed to assess the sustainability of PFI housing projects. It is envisioned that the tool will be useful for assessing the sustainability of other housing projects procured under a public private partnership arrangement. The contextual issues are examined by means of an ethnographic study carried out from within North Tyneside Councils PFI procurement team over a period of 2 years. The results of the study suggest that the PFI procurement model can be used to deliver sustainable housing, but is currently hampered by a lack of skills, knowledge and understanding. These problems are particularly acute at the project management and governance level within the procuring local authority. The study identifies the need for clear guidance on incorporating sustainability into the procurement of PFI projects. It also recommends the use of appropriate tools to assess the sustainability of plans and build capacity within local authority procurement teams.
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Owolabi, Hakeem A. "Public accountability : the case of government guarantee scheme in PFI/PPP projects." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2018. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/34567/.
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Although government guarantee scheme has become a well-known policy strategy for encouraging public-private infrastructure delivery. However, a huge concern with government guarantee in PFI/PPP is the issue of weak public accountability scrutiny. This study therefore investigates accountability mechanisms necessary for evaluating PFI/PPP government guarantee scheme within UK context. Using exploratory sequential mixed methodology approach, constructs from accountability theory (Process-Based Accountability Mechanisms, Ethics-Based Accountability Mechanisms, Democratic Accountability Mechanisms, and Outcome-Based Accountability Mechanisms) were examined. Sixteen (16) accountability mechanisms (value for money, parliamentary scrutiny, rule of law etc.) useful for evaluating PFI/PPP government guarantee scheme were identified and used to formulate theoretical hypotheses. Through literature review, documentation and case study interviews with experts in public and private sectors, 78 indicators contributing towards each accountability mechanism were uncovered. Confirming the relevance of each indicators from experts in the qualitative study, a final questionnaire survey was developed and distributed to wider audiences. Series of statistical tests were performed on the collected questionnaire data including Descriptive Mean Rating, Reliability Analysis, Mann Whitney U Test of Significant Differences in Perceptions and Structural Equation Modelling. The results revealed fourteen out of the sixteen tested hypotheses were validated, with two rejected (Benchmarking and Budgetary Reporting). Findings also identified the top-five accountability mechanisms critical for evaluating PFI/PPP government guarantee scheme comprising: Value for Money, Competition, Social and Political Impact, Risk Management, and Parliamentary Scrutiny. The study culminated in a multidimensional framework for public accountability in PFI/PPP government guarantee scheme. Contributing towards existing accountability theory, the study confirmed a combination of multiple accountabilities, as against a single-dimensional accountability, is necessary for strengthening public accountability in PFI/PPP government guarantee scheme. For UK policy formulators, the result suggested need for future re-dimensioning of accountability frameworks for infrastructure government guarantee schemes, especially as the nation faces new geo-political and economic complexities in years to come.
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Vu, Phuong Anh. "Gender stereotypes in story textbooks for primary school students in Vietnam /." Oslo : Institute for Educational Research, Universitetet i Oslo, 2008. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/pfi/2008/77612/vu_thesis.pdf.
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Yang, Xing. "Higher education and the labour market in China : a case study of three universities in Shanxi province /." Oslo : Pedagogisk forskningsinstitutt, Universitetet i Oslo, 2008. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/pfi/2008/74320/formalxpaper.pdf.
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Li, Fuhui. "School leadership training in China : a cultural perspective /." Oslo : Pedagogisk forskningsinstitutt, Universitetet i Oslo, 2007. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/pfi/2007/58048/MasterThesis_FuhuiLi.pdf.
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Bilkyte, Jurgita. "Adult education and work life : a comparative study of Norway and Japan /." Oslo : Pedagogisk forskningsinstitutt, Universitetet i Oslo, 2008. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/pfi/2008/76551/masterxsxtheses_jurgita_bilkyte.pdf.
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Awaleh, Mahad. "Child labour and access to education : an investigation of the situation in Bangladesh /." Oslo : Institute for Educational Research, Universitetet i Oslo, 2007. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/pfi/2007/58409/MahadxAwalehxMasterxThesisxChildxLaborxinxBangladeshxUio.pdf.
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Shahjamal, Mirja Mohammad. "Student politics and quality of education : an exploratory study on Dhaka University /." Oslo : Institute for Educational Research, Universitetet i Oslo, 2007. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/pfi/2007/60229/Thesis_final_Mirja.pdf.
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Bodin-Ek, Erik. "Kalibrering av en transient GT-Power modell av en SI PFI turbo motor." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-100184.
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I detta arbete behandlas transient simulering i ett 1D-simuleringsprogram, i detta fall Gamma technologies GT-Power. Vad som behöver ändras i en modell för att den skall kunna simulera en motor under transienta driftsfall med god noggrannhet har undersökts. När detta är gjort, skall det undersökas hur väl den transient kalibrerade modellen kan simulera en motor med förändrad rörgeometri på insugs- eller avgassidan, och vad som måste omkalibreras om detta inte är fallet. Den viktigaste slutsatsen av detta arbete är vikten av att ha en korrekt framtagen kompressormapp i modellen. Den som fanns tillgänglig under arbetet hade bara mätdata ned till 70000 rpm. Detta resulterade i en överskattning av massflödet i den lägre regionen i den av GT-Power framställda kompressormappen. Detta pga. att GT-power verkar överskatta massflödet under extrapolationen av mappen. För att få ett korrekt simulerat turbovarvtal under transienten var turbineffektivitetsmultiplikatorer introducerade. Med det var inte tillräckligt med tvåpunkts kalibrering av dessa och låta GT-Power interpolera emellan utan flera varvtal behövde kalibreras in för att få ett korrekt simulerat turbovarvtal. Andra viktiga områden att modifiera för att kunna simulera transienter var förbränningen, luft/bränsleförhållandet och grenrörets termiska egenskaper. När sedan geometrin i modellen förändrades krävdes en omkalibrering av turbineffektivitetsmultiplikatorerna. Studien var uppdelad i en kalibreringsdel och en valideringsdel. I kalibreringsdelen kalibrerades GM-motorn med modellbeteckningen L850 mot transienta mätdata. När modellen var kalibrerad studerades hur väl den kunde simulera samma motor men med olika rörgeometrier på insug och avgassidan. Detta för att ta reda på hur mycket kalibreringen behöver ändras när geometrin ändras.The subject of this thesis work is to investigate transient simulations in a 1Dsimulation program, in this case Gamma Technologie’s GT-Power. The investigation consists of a study what needs to be changed on a model in order to make it perform transient simulations of an engine with accurate results. And when the simulation is calibrated the model is validated to see if it can predict transients accurately when the piping system is changed to different geometries, and if not what is needed to be recalibrated in the model to do so. The most important conclusion of this work is the importance to have a correctly generated compressor map in the model. The one present in the investigation had only measured data beginning from a turbo speed of 70000 rpm an up. This resulted in an over-predicted massflow in the lower region of the GT-power generated compressor map. This is because GT-Power seems to overestimate the massflow when extrapolating the map. To get an accurately modeled turbo, turbine efficiency multipliers (TEM) had to be introduced. It was not sufficient to do a two point calibration and let GT-Power interpolate in between. More calibrated points had to be introduced to model the turbo speed accurately. Other important areas to alter to make them able to perform transient simulations are the combustion, AFR and thermal properties of the exhaust. When changing the geometry of the piping system the calibrated TEM’s had to be recalibrated. The study was made up of a calibration part and a validation part. In the calibration part a model of the GM engine L850 was calibrated against transient measurements. When the model was calibrated the validation part of the work commenced by changing the geometry of the piping system around the engine to se what parts had to be recalibrated.
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Khadaroo, M. I. "Exploring perceptions of accountability and value for money in school PPP/PFI contracts." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437432.
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MacDonnell, Moira Anne Elizabeth. "Real options in construction projects and as a possible alternatives to PFI projects." Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678652.
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Ottosson, Daniel, and Konstantinos Zioris. "Experimental comparison of DI and PFI in terms of emissions and efficiencyrunning Ethanol-85." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-157040.
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It has in recent year become more and more important to find an alternative to fossil fuel in our vehicles due to the increasing fuel price and to reduce their negative impact on the environment. One alternative is already in widespread use around the world, namely ethanol. Ethanol has, besides its environmental qualities, properties that makes it a favorable fuel to use in Internal Combustion Engines (ICE). Its high octane rating combined with its high heat of evaporation makes it resilient against knock which allows for an engine with higher compression ratios and overall increased efficiency. The traditional SI engines use Port Fuel Injection (PFI) while modern engines are moving towards Direct Injection (DI). There are many advantages of the DI system, most notably increased efficiency and performance by increased volumetric efficiency and knock suppression while poorer air/fuel mixing and added complexity are the negatives. The positive effects of DI seem to be further increased when utilizing ethanol's improved charge cooling effect and its higher octane number. In order to investigate if an ethanol fueled SI engine is suitable for HD application both DI and PFI are evaluated in terms of efficiency and emissions on a Scania D12 HD engine. The engine is modified to accomedate a sparkplug. The Scania XPI is used as DI with some light modifications in order to run ethanol. The DI system is evaluated at two SOIs, stratified and homogenous, and a SOI sweep is performed for both DI and PFI in order to find the optimum SOIs. DI homogeneous and PFI are found to produce similar results while DI stratified stands out with its; low knock propensity, much faster combustion, lower HC emissions and lower CoV of IMEP. Railpressure is found to have little or no effect on homogeneous DI while it slightly increases the combustion speed, HC and CO emissions and efficiency as well as lowers the CoV of IMEP for stratified DI. No conclusions can be drawn about efficiency in this study due to a lack of reliable fuel flow measuraments.Det har på senare tid blivit allt viktigare att hitta ett alternativ till fosila bränslen i våra fordon på grund av, dels det höga bränlsepriset men, framför allt för att reducera deras negativa effect på klimatet. Ett sådant alternative finns redan idag tillgängligt i stor skala, nämligen etanol. Etanol har, förutom låg klimatpåverkan, egenskaper som gör det till ett fördelaktigt bränsle i förbränningsmotorer. Det höga oktantalet tillsammans med det högre förångingsvärmet gör att etanol blir väldigt knackbeständigt vilket I sin tur möjligör en motor med högre kompressionsförhållande och verkningsgrad. Traditionella Otto motorer har använt portinsprutning medans moderna motorer mer och mer gått över till direktinsprutning. Det finns manga fördelar med direktinsprutning och då framförallt högre verkningsgrad på grund av den högra volumetriska verkningsgraden och knackbeständigheten. Nackdelar med direktinsprutning kan vara sämre A/F blanding och ökad komplexitet. De positiva effekterna av direktinsprutning tycks ytterligare förstärkas när det används i kombination med etanols bättre charge cooling effekt och högre oktantal. För att undersöka om en etanol driven otto motor är lämplig för HD undersöks både DI och PFI med avseende på verkningsgrad och emissioner på en Scania D12 HD motor. Motorn modifieras för att möjligöra otto drift med tändsstift. Scanias XPI system används som DI med endast några mindre modifikaktioner för att möjliggöra etanol drift. DI systemet utvärderas vid to insprutningsvinklar, en stratifierad och en homogen. Ett SOI svep görs för att identifiera de optimala SOIs. Homogen DI och PFI produceras liknande resultat medans stratifierad DI sticker ut på grund av sin; knackbeständighet, mycket snabbare förbränning, lägre HC emissioner och lägre CoV. Railtryck har ingen eller lite effekt på homogen DI medan den ses öka förbränningshastigheten, HC och CO emissioner, verkningsgrad samt sänkt CoV för stratifierad DI. Inga slutsater kunde dras gällande verkningsgraden för de olika insprutningssystemen. Detta på grund av problematiska bränsleflödes mätningar.
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Jiao, Junhui. "Student aid policy of Chinese higher education /." Oslo : Pedagogisk forskningsinstitutt, Universitetet i Oslo, 2008. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/pfi/2008/72091/Thesis-JunhuixJiao.pdf.
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Zhao, Ke. "Life cycle and career patterns of academic women in higher education in China today /." Oslo : Pedagogisk forskningsinstitutt, Universitetet i Oslo, 2008. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/pfi/2008/75091/2008xThesisxfinalxxxZhaoxKe2.pdf.
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Anwar, Wasim. "Higher education in Pakistan : from state control to state supervision /." Oslo : Institute for Educational Research, Universitetet i Oslo, 2007. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/pfi/2007/67351/thesisx291007.pdf.
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Pombeiro, António Almeida Figueiredo Barbosa. "As PPP/PFI - parcerias público privadas e a auditoria destas pelas instituições supremas de auditoria." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3355.
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Mestrado em Gestão/MBAO problema em investigação que a Tese desenvolve é o da construção de um modelo alternativo de «procurement» para a Administração Pública que minimize os vícios e limitações do «procurement» tradicional e aumente a economia, eficiência e eficácia desta no provimento das necessidades públicas. A Tese desenvolve-se ao longo de cinco capítulos, sendo o primeiro consagrado à delimitação e relevância do tema, o segundo à caracterização e análise do «procurement» tradicional e o terceiro à definição, caracterização e análise do modelo alternativo proposto, o «procurement» PPP/PFI. O propósito do quarto capítulo é o de fornecer princípios de boa prática para a auditoria do «procurement» PPP/PFI, no âmbito das Instituições Supremas de Auditoria. O quinto capítulo conclui, no plano teórico dedutivo, sobre as vantagens e os riscos do «procurement» PPP/PFI reconhecendo-o como um modelo prescritivo e contingencial cuja adequabilidade a cada caso e correcta aplicação é indispensável para que atinja a plenitude dos seus efeitos. Em consequência, recomenda uma atenção particular nas auditonas a realizar pelos órgãos superiores de controlo e bem assim a adopção, nestas, de um corpo de princípios de boa prática cobrindo as áreas de risco assinaladas. Termina o capítulo com as conclusões sobre o «procurement» PPP/PFI confirmadas ou pelo menos não contraditadas pelos trabalhos de «research» realizados e conhecidos até à data.
The first three chapters of this dissertation aim to define characterise and analyse the Public Private Partnerships and more specifically its most generalized model, the PFI -Private Finance Initiative by contrast with traditional procurement. The analyses and characterization is based on Spain, France, UK and USA experience. Unfortunately, at the time, for Portugal, there was no documentation available on the subject, except audit reports on the first PPP/PFI contracts, signed by «Tribunal de Contas», the Supreme Audit Institution of Portugal, which were studied and considered, as mentioned in the bibliography. Along with the characterisation and analysis of PFI are deducted, on theory, the advantages and risks of the model in its perfection. A special weight is devoted to the distinction between the traditional procurement and the PPP/PFI procurement Chapter four tries to develop guidelines on auditing of PPP/PFI procurement by the Supreme Audit Institutions. The nature of the debate about the use of public private partnerships in the delivery of public services is about more than the use of a PPP/PFI in a specific situation. Last chapter, on one hand, conclude upon the realty of PPP/PFI based on the preliminary conclusions sustained by the few research works available .and, on the other hand, explores the implication of PPP/PFI expansion by raising the main questions which remain to be answered for lack of research.
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Matsumoto, Takuji S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Risk management and governance for PFI Project : technology policy lessons from the case of Japan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72896.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)-- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-81).
Japan has a long history of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs); however, it has experienced many failures but learned various lessons from them. The representative example is a management failure of the third sector, which is a joint corporation capitalized by both the public and private sectors. In fact, many of the third sectors were successively bankrupted or serious questions were raised concerning their decision processes and management systems. This is because the governance of the third sector did not have a specific system for responsibility sharing but instead relied on a cozy relationship between the public and private sectors. Based on these experiences, the new scheme "Private Finance Initiative" (PFI) was introduced and actively promoted with great expectations. PFI is based on the concept of clarifying the responsibility by contractual governance, which solves the problem of the ambiguous risk sharing. Because the definite risk allocation of the PFI makes it possible to produce the private sector's ingenuities, many successful projects have been implemented to achieve economical and efficient operations. Currently, the PFI projects in Japan have been limited in their application area and scale, but both are expected to increase due to an amendment to the PFI law that was enacted in May 2011. Hence, this thesis reviews the problems of Japanese PFIs and proposes policy recommendations. By citing some case studies, this thesis describes some problems that exist in Japanese PFIs regarding the public-private relationship, risk management, contractual governance, and decision-making process. Regarding the relationship and risk management, this thesis claims the need for risk workshops, an effective use of private finance, and an improvement of guidelines for a better risk allocation. Concerning the contractual governance, the thesis discusses the need to develop precise contract standards or guidelines that allow for the creation of proper incentives for the private sectors and the flexibility to appropriately deal with the risk and uncertainty derived from a long-term contract. With respect to the decision-making process, it also claims to increase the transparency and accountability of PFI projects through an evaluation by a third party.
by Takuji Matsumoto.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
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Ahmad, Salman. "Exploring the private finance initiative (PFI) in the UK's transport sector of roads : a governmentality perspective." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675941.
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Braun, Peter. "The practical impact of E.U. public procurement law on PFI procurement practice in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10913/.
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The emergence of Private Finance Initiative (PFI) in the 1990s has been described as the largest cultural change for decades in the way the public sector operates. PFI projects distinguish themselves from traditional methods of public purchasing by their commercial complexity and long contractual term. Most of these projects have to be delivered within the regulatory framework of public procurement which has remained largely unchanged since the 1970s. The overall objective of the study has been to gain a complete picture of PFI practice in the light of the apparent divergence between the law and commercial requirements. It was aimed to investigate whether this divergence has brought about a "PFI procurement practice." If so, it was aimed to examine the reasons for the emergence of the practice and whether it deviated from procurement law. To achieve these objectives, PFI practice was approached from an outsider and insider perspective. The perspective of insiders was gained by conducting a qualitative empirical study based on interviewing PFI experts. The outsider perspective was derived from legal analysis backed up by relevant material provided by interviewees. The main conclusion of the study is that legal practitioners have adopted solutions in different PFI projects largely resembling each other. The resemblance justifies referring to them as PFI procurement practice. This, practice was found to be not always in compliance with a literal interpretation of procurement law. Factors driving the divergence between law and practice include the perception of practitioners that strict compliance disproportionately hampers the commercially oriented PFI procurement practice. In addition, H. M. Treasury has increased the divergence by publishing guidance notes on PFI procurement which disregard procurement law in many respects. A further reason for the divergence is that private sector bidders have abstained from enforcing procurement law in the courts. In so doing, they have significantly reduced the risk of challenges for authorities developing PFI procurement practice.
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Ghazali, Farid Ezanee Mohamed. "A reenginered model for effective risk management in pre-contractual procurement process for NHS PFI hospitals." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589033.
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This research explores effective management and governance of PFIIPPP projects, and particularly the NHS PFI hospitals, through an appropriate integration of risk management in the pre-contractual procurement process into the proposed reengineered model. A brief review of the literature on general approaches to PFIIPPP in the construction industry and the NHS is undertaken and a more detailed review of the literature on risk classification in PFIIPPP construction projects and the established risk management procedures are presented. A case study is carried out for the purpose of assessing the way the risks have been managed in an actual NHS PFI hospital project. The findings suggest that a lack of knowledge and experience of key personnel within a NHS Trust on PFI transactions and a lack of appropriate risk management guidelines for the PFIIPPP procurement process have lead to some contentious results in the case study. Two initial models have been developed to identify key elements for the pre-contractual procurement process and risk prioritisation of the NHS PFI hospital projects through SADT- IDEFO and AHP techniques respectively. The findings from these models identify gaps in terms of offering effective risk management in the pre-contractual procurement process for PFIIPPP projects and the NHS PFI hospitals in particular. A reengineered model that integrates risk management into the pre-contractual procurement process for effective management and governance of PFIIPPP projects is developed. Key process elements and sub-elements, which need to be carried out systematically when the proposed reengineered model is implemented in the actual construction industry practice, have also been identified in this thesis to ensure a successful VFM delivery of PFIIPPP projects, and particularly the NHS PFI hospitals, with effective risk management. IX
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石, 磊. "PFI事業のインセンティブ設計と効率性に関する研究." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136202.
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Roehrich, Jens Kurt. "The dynamics of inter-organisational governance : contractual and relational mechanisms in public-private supply arrangements." Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520327.
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This research investigates the dynamic interplay of contractual and relational governance mechanisms in long-term supply arrangements. The thesis contributes to an emerging debate that examines the combination of contractual and relational governance in inter-organisational exchanges. Contractual and relational governance mechanisms have been positioned as precluding mechanisms, which may result in destructive effects if combined for governing inter-organisational relationships. Previous research studies have increasingly acknowledged that the use of contractual mechanisms does not exclude the use of relational mechanisms and vice-versa. However, the recent literature offers limited insights into the dynamic interaction of both inter-organisational governance mechanisms and their impact on overall performance. The analysis in this research utilises a conceptual framework and a number of theoretical lenses through which the dynamic interplay of contractual and relational governance mechanisms is explained. Based on empirical case analysis of six public-private supply arrangements across three sectors: healthcare, waste management and emergency services, the research explores the dynamic interplay of both governance mechanisms and their impact on overall performance. Retrospective case study data was collected deploying semi-structured interviews and the critical incident technique was used to investigate the governance interplay over time. The contribution to knowledge is a conceptual framework that refines contractual and relational governance components in supply relationships over time. The findings indicate the importance of the interplay between inter-personal and inter-organisational trust in combination with complex contracts and intermediate contractual agreements. From this the conclusion is drawn that organisations entering into long-term supply relationships need to deploy both contractual and relational governance mechanisms in combination in order to achieve better overall performance.
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Avadhany, Sareena. "Analysis of various fuels in DISI and PFI engines : separating mixing effects from crevice and quench layer effects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86269.
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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, June 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 43-44).
The United States consumes billions of gallons of gasoline per year, threatening national security and causing environmental problems. Research in automotive research aims to resolve such problems. Solutions include turbocharged direct injection, spark ignition (DISI) engines for higher output and efficiency. But this comes at the cost of greater concentrations of unburned hydrocarbons (UBHC) in the exhaust during cold start, when the catalytic converter is further away from the engine. The time the catalytic converter takes to heat to an optimum efficiency is longer. UBHC can also accumulate in the cylinder chambers and can be caused by quenching effects or poor mixing. A system was set up to determine the significance of mixing in producing high concentrations of UBHC. A GM 2009 LNF Ecotec was modified to run PFI and DISI under operating conditions representative of cold start for isopentane, and gasoline with varying concentrations of ethanol. Results were inconclusive, indicating no relationship between neither the UBHC count in the exhaust of increasing ethanol concentration, nor differences between PFI and DISI. To make test results more reliable, more ethanol containing fuel types should be tested, and a sweep of spark times should be assessed. The set up does provide a good foundation for further studies in mixing research.
by Sareena Avadhany.
S.B.
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Caproni, Tiago Vieira. "Fatores críticos sobre manifestações de interesse em Parcerias Público-Privadas e as propriedades da visão do produto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18156/tde-28052018-084219/.
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Os Procedimentos de Manifestação de Interesse (PMI) e Propostas Não Solicitadas (PNS) são mecanismos para a viabilização de projetos de Parcerias Público-Privadas (PPP/PFIs). Contudo, a ausência de critérios claros para avaliação e priorização de parceiros, de forma transparente e técnica, leva à seleção adversa de propostas, contribuindo para o insucesso dos projetos. O principal instrumento utilizado na avaliação PPP/PFIs é uma análise quantitativa baseada no Value For Money (VfM). O propósito deste trabalho foi investigar os problemas relacionados com os processos de avaliação das propostas dos PMI submetidas aos órgãos demandantes dos serviços. Iniciou-se com a análise do Fatores Críticos para o Sucesso (FCSs) das PPP/PFIs, dos PMI e PNS, identificadas na literatura. Os Fatores Críticos foram apresentados a um conjunto de 78 especialistas que responderam também sobre a processo de análise das propostas. No questionário os autores foram confrontados também com as propriedades da visão. O resultado indica que a análise com o VfM seria incompleta e insuficiente para capturar a complexidade do escopo destes projetos. A pesquisa possibilitou ainda organizar os fatores críticos em 7 dimensões a serem consideradas na avaliação destes projetos. Essas dimensões podem ser utilizadas para a criação de instrumentos de avaliação e um exemplo foi proposto, um indicador nomeado de índice \"T\", avaliado por um grupo de 12 especialistas em projetos de PPP/PFIs. A pesquisa contribui, portanto, para apoiar a criação de instrumentos de avaliação de PPP/PFIs que considerem uma análise mais ampla, considerando aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos.Unsolicited Proposals (UNPs) are one of the main mechanisms for verifying the feasibility of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP/PFIs/PFIs) projects. However, the lack of clear criteria to evaluate and to prioritize the partner, in a transparent and technical way, has led to adverse selection of proposals increasing the level of failure of these projects. The main instrument used in the PPP/PFIs evaluation is a quantitative analysis based on Value for Money. The purpose of this research was to investigate the problems related with the processes of evaluation of the Unsolicited Proposals (UNPs) that are submitted to the respective government offices. The study compiles the analysis of Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for Public-Private Partnerships (PPP/PFI) and the Unsolicited Proposals (UNPs), identified in the literature, and synthetized by the evaluation of a group of 78 specialists, resulting in the organization of 7 (seven) dimensions to be considered in the evaluation of these projects. This study also demonstrated that, according to these experts, the analysis with VfM would be incomplete and insufficient to capture the complexity of the scope of these projects. As an alternative a set of 7 (seven) indicators where created related to each dimension and a general index that synthetize the performance in the dimensions, considering qualitative and quantitative aspects. The index was labeled as \"T\" index and evaluated by a group of 12 (twelve) experts on PPP/PFI projects. The results from the analyses indicate that the index allows a linear comparative analysis between the proposals received by the public entity requesting the Public- Private Partnership (PPP/PFI) services. The model of indicators decreases the subjectivity of the choices made by public managers, resulting in greater transparency for the process of proposal qualification and security to the market.
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Hoag, Matthew W. "Effects of fuel rail design and fuel injector durability on the starting performance of a liquid LPG fuelled PFI engine." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62221.pdf.
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Bakhteyari, Karim. "Public Private Partnerships : As a public infrastructure optimizer." Thesis, Mälardalen University, Department of Public Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-734.
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A public private partnership is an alternative to procurement of the facility by the public sector, using funding from tax revenues or public borrowing. In a typical public sector procurement, the public authority sets out the specifications and design of the facility, calls for bids on the basis if this detailed design, and pays for construction of the facility by a private sector contractor. The public authority has to fund the full cost of construction, including cost overruns. Operation and maintenance of the facility are handled by the public authority and the contractor takes no responsibility for the long term performance of the facility after the construction warranty period has expired. In a public private partnership, on the other hand, the authority specifies its requirements in terms of outputs, which set out the public services which the facility is intended to provide, but which do not specify how these are to be provided. It is then left to the private sector to design, finance, build and operate the facility to meet the longterm output specifications. The project company receives payments over the life of the PPP contract, which are supposed to repay the financing costs and give a return to investors. The payments are subject to deductions for failure to meet output specifications, and there is no extra allowance for cost overruns which happen during construction or in operation of the facility.
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Bellucci, Marco. "Analisi cfd in un motore pfi del moto di tumble a carico parzializzato al variare dell'angolo di rotazione della valvola a farfalla." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8535/.
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Borg, Lena. "Incentives and choice of construction technique." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-37285.
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Hellowell, Mark Stephen. "Fair return for risk? : an examination of structure, competition and profitability in the market for private finance in the National Health Service." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7895.
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Since 1993, the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) has been the dominant form of large-scale infrastructure procurement used by National Health Service (NHS) organisations in the United Kingdom. As of April 2011, 123 PFI projects for new hospital facilities had been agreed between NHS organisations and private sector consortia, representing privately financed investment of £15.9 billion (in 2010 prices), and a projected long-term cost to the NHS of £70.5 billion. Eight additional hospital PFI schemes were being procured or prepared for tender as of April 2011, with an estimated capital investment value of £2 billion. Despite the financial significance of PFI projects to the NHS, the literature has not assessed whether, or the extent to which, the returns expected by investors are excessive. This gap in the evidence base is highly problematic. The presence of excess returns to investors will have an impact on the cost efficiency and affordability of PFI projects, and consequently the financial sustainability of the NHS organisations that pay for them. This thesis evaluates the returns that investors in NHS-commissioned PFI projects expect to earn with reference to the scale of risk being borne by these investors, and explores the sources of the identified excess via an examination of the structure and competitiveness of the PFI financing markets. The study therefore comprises two substantial empirical components. The first draws on the financial models of 11 NHS PFI projects to describe and evaluate the return to investors. Cost of capital benchmarks, constructed on the basis of the Capital Asset Pricing Model, are used as comparators to assess the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) for the 11 projects, and as discount rates to calculate Benefit-Cost Ratios. Both measures agree on the presence of significant excess returns for investors on each project – with large “spreads” between the IRRs and the corresponding cost of capital benchmarks, and high Benefit-Cost Ratio scores. The second empirical component provides an analysis of the structure and competitiveness of the market for private finance. Two indicators of this market’s structure – concentration and entry/exit rates – in addition to the dynamics of the procurement process are the focus of measurement and evaluation. It is demonstrated that: (a) the market for private finance in this sector is an oligopoly, (b) market share is highly concentrated when assessed against UK regulatory standards, and (c) churn and market penetration rates are extremely low. Constraints on the competitiveness of the market are identified as: (i) the low number of bidders; and (ii) the extensive period of non-competitive bidding in the final phase of the procurement process, in which the output specifications of projects are materially altered. The thesis concludes that recent reforms to the procurement process have been ineffective, and the problems underpinning a lack of competitive pressure in procurement may be insuperable, given the inherent complexity of this form of investment and the need to secure external financing. For the NHS, this source of cost inefficiency implies substantial opportunity costs (i.e. foregone opportunities for additional capital investment) and excess costs (i.e. a higher than necessary burden on the revenue budget). A stronger regulatory regime, incorporating regulation of the profitability of PFI projects for investors, is required to minimise the threat posed by this policy to the financial sustainability of the NHS.
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Melander, Erik. "The effect of charged groups on the beatability of pulp fibres." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-35226.
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The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to investigate how charged groups within the pulp fibre affect the beatability and the strength of the papers. To obtain different levels of charges on the pulp it was carboxymethylated. The different pulp samples were beaten to different degrees to investigate how charges interact with the beating. A PFI-mill was used for the beating because of the relatively homogenous effect on the fibres and the low demand for pulp fibres for each beating. The influence of the amount of charged groups on the surface and bulk swelling, as a result of the beating process, was evaluated. The fibres were then analysed in a Fibre tester and using a microscope to see what had happened to the fibre structure. The results showed that the PFI-mill mainly affects the surface of the fibres. The beatability, defined as the swelling obtain for a specific energy input, was greatly increased by the introduction of charges. It was also shown that there is a possibility to replace some of the energy input in the mill with the introduction of charges to obtain the same swelling and strength. Paper sheets were formed from the different samples and some mechanical properties were analyzed. It was shown that the strength was initially improved by the introduction of charges but the improvement was partially lost during the beating. At the highest rate of beating the difference in strength between the samples had disappeared. This can be explained by the fact that the fibres, from the sample with highest number of charges, were destroyed. Microscopic images showed that the fibre was delaminated and at some sites there were extreme balloon-like swellingsSyftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka hur laddade grupper hos massafibrer påverkar malbarheten och styrkan hos de papper som tillverkats av dessa fibrer. För att skapa olika laddningsnivåer karboxymetylerades viss del av massan för att introducera laddade grupper, två delar av ursprungsmassan karboxymetylerades och en del användes som referensmassa. De olika massaproverna maldes i olika nivåer för att undersöka hur laddningarna och malningen interagerade. En PFI-kvarn användes för att mala fibrerna då det endast krävs små mängder fibrer och denna typ av kvarn påverkar fibrerna relativt homogent. Fibrerna analyserades sedan i en Fibre tester och med ett mikroskop för att se vad som hade hänt med fiberstrukturen. Resultaten visade att en PFI-kvarn till största delen påverkar fibrernas yta. Malbarheten, som definierades som den svällning som åstadkoms vid en viss energiinsats i form av malvarv i kvarnen, ökades markant då ytterligare laddningar fanns närvarande i fibrerna. Det visades också att det går att ersätta en del av malningen med introduktion av laddningar till fibrerna för att uppnå samma svällning och styrka. Pappersark tillverkades därefter av de olika massatyperna och några mekaniska egenskaper testades. Det visades att styrkan ökades initialt av introduktionen av laddningar men denna förbättring minskade vid malningen. Vid den högsta malgraden hade skillnaden mellan de olika massorna försvunnit. Det kan förklaras av att fibrerna, från den massatyp med mest laddningar, hade förstörts. På vissa ställen hade fibern helt delaminerats och extrema ballonglika svällningar fanns.
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Islam, Md Mainul. "Optimizing Concessionary Items' Values for Procuring Privately Financed Infrastructure Projects." Thesis, Griffith University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366981.
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To provide reliable and cost-effective infrastructure services to the public, governments around the globe often seek participation from the private sector with an emphasis on their ability to provide private finance. As such, most countries exploit competitive tendering to award Privately Financed Infrastructure (PFI) projects to sponsors representing the private sector. Within the framework of competitive procurement, sponsors not only strive to maximize their potential of winning such ventures at the tendering stage, but they also aspire to achieve a certain level of profit reflecting the risk associated with their investment. Moreover, owing to their limited financial capacity, sponsors must seek external funds from financial institutions (lenders) and, consequently, make their best efforts to maximize the potential of attracting lenders. This challenging process is mainly governed by a project’s concession length, base price (such as initial tariff/toll), and debt-to-equity ratio – collectively known as concessionary items.
Owing to multiparty involvement, a state of optimality always reigns in determining the ideal values of concessionary items. Although profitability plays the pivotal role, chasing optimal values of concessionary items thus appears as an intrinsic uphill struggle to potential sponsors. Without resolving multiparty conflicting financial interests, the selected values of concessionary items may not only be suboptimal but may also be erroneous, leading to the sponsor’s failure in winning the bid for procuring the project. An exhaustive review of existing literature reveals that previously developed financial analysis models cannot adequately capture the complexities associated with determining optimal values of concessionary items through evaluating their aggregated impact on PFI project cash flows.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Vodden, Angela. "A review and analysis of PPP/PFI in the context of EU and UK legislation relating to freedom of movement, competition and state aid." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515732.
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Gonzales, Mora Hector Enrique. "Étude des effets de la force de cisaillement au cours du raffinage PFI sur les propriétés d'une pâte à haut rendement de pin gris /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2002. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2238726R.html.
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