Relevant bibliographies by topics / PGCD

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'PGCD'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "PGCD"

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Cherny, RA, TM Stokes, J. Merei, L. Lom, MR Brandon, and RL Williams. "Strategies for the isolation and characterization of bovine embryonic stem cells." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 6, no. 5 (1994): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9940569.

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The practical application of advanced breeding technologies and genetic manipulation of domestic animals is dependent on the efficient and routine isolation of embryonic stem (ES) cell lines from these species. ES cell lines of proven totipotency have thus far been isolated only from the mouse. Murine ES cells can be identified by a number of criteria including morphology and characteristics in culture, the presence of specific markers, differentiative capacity and contribution to chimaeras. Reported cell lines derived from ruminant preimplantation embryos do not stably exhibit these characteristics. As demonstrated for the mouse, primordial germ cells may provide an alternative source for pluripotential cell lines. The isolation, culture and preliminary characterization of bovine primordial germ cell-derived (PGCd) cells are described in this paper. The PGCd cells are capable of differentiation in vitro and display murine ES cell markers including alkaline phosphatase. With farm animals, long generation intervals and small numbers of offspring make it important to develop techniques for evaluating chimaeric embryos in vitro before embarking on expensive in vivo programmes. A method for labelling putative pluripotential cells with a fluorochrome marker to follow the fate of such cells was developed. Labelled PGCd cells were injected into blastocysts and the chimaeric embryos were monitored in vitro. Preliminary results demonstrate that the labelled PGCd cells incorporate preferentially within the inner cell mass of the host blastocyst.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Martin, Bruno, Christian Mauduit, and Joël Rivat. "PROPRIÉTÉS LOCALES DES CHIFFRES DES NOMBRES PREMIERS." Journal of the Institute of Mathematics of Jussieu 18, no. 1 (2017): 189–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474748017000044.

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Let $b$ be an integer larger than 1. We give an asymptotic formula for the exponential sum $$\begin{eqnarray}\mathop{\sum }_{\substack{ p\leqslant x \\ g(p)=k}}\exp \big(2\text{i}\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}p\big),\end{eqnarray}$$ where the summation runs over prime numbers $p$ and where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\in \mathbb{R}$, $k\in \mathbb{Z}$, and $g:\mathbb{N}\rightarrow \mathbb{Z}$ is a strongly $b$-additive function such that $\operatorname{pgcd}(g(1),\ldots ,g(b-1))=1$.
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Cheng, L., D. P. Gearing, L. S. White, D. L. Compton, K. Schooley, and P. J. Donovan. "Role of leukemia inhibitory factor and its receptor in mouse primordial germ cell growth." Development 120, no. 11 (1994): 3145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.11.3145.

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The pleiotropic cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is able to promote the growth of mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) in culture. It is unclear whether LIF acts directly on PGCs or indirectly via feeder cells or embryonic somatic cells. To understand the role of LIF in PGC growth, we have carried out molecular and cell culture analyses to investigate the role of both the LIF ligand and its receptor in PGC development. LIF is able to stimulate PGC growth independently of the presence of feeder cells supporting the hypothesis that LIF acts directly on PGCs to promote their growth. We show here that transcripts for the low-affinity LIF receptor (LIFR), an integral component of the functional LIF receptor complex, are expressed in the developing gonad. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis, using an anti-LIFR antiserum, demonstrates that LIFR is present on the surface of PGCs, suggesting that PGCs are likely to be a direct target of LIF action in culture. Signalling via LIFR is essential for PGC growth in culture since the anti-LIFR antiserum, which blocks LIF binding to its receptor, abolishes PGC survival in culture. Two LIF-related cytokines, namely oncostatin M and ciliary neurotrophic factor, can also promote PGC growth in culture in addition to LIF. Thus one or more of these LIFR-dependent cytokines may play an important role in PGC development in mice.
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Yoshimizu, T., M. Obinata, and Y. Matsui. "Stage-specific tissue and cell interactions play key roles in mouse germ cell specification." Development 128, no. 4 (2001): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.4.481.

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Primordial germ cells (PGCs) in mice have been recognized histologically as alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity-positive cells at 7.2 days post coitum (dpc) in the extra-embryonic mesoderm. However, mechanisms regulating PGC formation are unknown, and an appropriate in vitro system to study the mechanisms has not been established. Therefore, we have developed a primary culture of explanted embryos at pre- and early-streak stages, and have studied roles of cell and/or tissue interactions in PGC formation. The emergence of PGCs from 5.5 dpc epiblasts was observed only when they were co-cultured with extra-embryonic ectoderm, which may induce the conditions required for PGC formation within epiblasts. From 6.0 dpc onwards, PGCs emerged from whole epiblasts as did a fragment of proximal epiblast that corresponds to the area containing presumptive PGC precursors without neighboring extra-embryonic ectoderm and visceral endoderm. Dissociated epiblasts at these stages, however, did not give rise to PGCs, indicating that interactions among a cluster of a specific number of proximal epiblast cells is needed for PGC differentiation. In contrast, we observed that dissociated epiblast cells from a 6.5-b (6.5+15-16 hours) to 6.75 dpc embryo that had undergone gastrulation gave rise to PGCs. Our results demonstrate that stage-dependent tissue and cell interactions play key roles in PGC determination.
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Hayashi, Yohei, Kei Otsuka, Masayuki Ebina, et al. "Distinct requirements for energy metabolism in mouse primordial germ cells and their reprogramming to embryonic germ cells." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 31 (2017): 8289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1620915114.

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Primordial germ cells (PGCs), undifferentiated embryonic germ cells, are the only cells that have the ability to become gametes and to reacquire totipotency upon fertilization. It is generally understood that the development of PGCs proceeds through the expression of germ cell-specific transcription factors and characteristic epigenomic changes. However, little is known about the properties of PGCs at the metabolite and protein levels, which are directly responsible for the control of cell function. Here, we report the distinct energy metabolism of PGCs compared with that of embryonic stem cells. Specifically, we observed remarkably enhanced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and decreased glycolysis in embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) PGCs, a pattern that was gradually established during PGC differentiation. We also demonstrate that glycolysis and OXPHOS are important for the control of PGC reprogramming and specification of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into PGCs in culture. Our findings about the unique metabolic property of PGCs provide insights into our understanding of the importance of distinct facets of energy metabolism for switching PGC and PSC status.
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Wang, Bei, Ai-Quan Jia, Hong-Mei Yang, Jing-Long Liu, and Qian-Feng Zhang. "Encapsulation of ferrocenes by hydrogen-bonded pyrogallol[4]arene dimers." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 73, no. 8 (2018): 597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2018-0083.

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AbstractThe treatment of C-iso-butylpyrogallarene (PgC4) or C-ethylpyrogallarene (PgC2) with ferrocene (FcH) in a 2:1 molar ratio under different reaction conditions afforded the host–guest compounds FcH@(PgC4)2·CH3OH·3H2O (1) and FcH@(PgC2)2·3EtOH·2H2O (2), respectively. Complexes 1 and 2 are both pyrogallarene dimers providing capsule-type voids. Single crystal X-ray crystallography was used to investigate the role of hydrogen bonding networks in the assembly of the two host–guest systems.
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De Felici, Massimo, Anna Di Carlo, and Maurizio Pesce. "Role of stem cell factor in somatic–germ cell interactions during prenatal oogenesis." Zygote 4, no. 04 (1996): 349–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199400003373.

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During embryogenesis germ cells originate from primordial germ cells (PGCs). The development of mammalian PGCs involves a number of complex events (formation and segregation of PGC precursors, PGC migration and proliferation) which lead to the differentiation of oocytes or prospermatogonia (for a review see De Feliciet al., 1992). During recent years developments in methods for isolation, purification and culture of mouse PGCs have led to significant progress in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of migration, proliferation and differentiation of these cells (for reviews see De Felici, 1994; and De Felici & Pesce, 1994a). In this paper we describe the key role played by stem cell factor (SCF) in PGC development and early folliculogenesis.
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Weidinger, Gilbert, Uta Wolke, Marion Köprunner, Christine Thisse, Bernard Thisse, and Erez Raz. "Regulation of zebrafish primordial germ cell migration by attraction towards an intermediate target." Development 129, no. 1 (2002): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.1.25.

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Migration of primordial germ cells (PGCs) from their site of specification towards the developing gonad is controlled by directional cues from somatic tissues. Although in several animals the PGCs are attracted by signals emanating from their final target, the gonadal mesoderm, little is known about the mechanisms that control earlier steps of migration. We provide evidence that a key step of zebrafish PGC migration, in which the PGCs become organized into bilateral clusters in the anterior trunk, is regulated by attraction of PGCs towards an intermediate target. Time-lapse observations of wild-type and mutant embryos reveal that bilateral clusters are formed at early somitogenesis, owing to migration of PGCs towards the clustering position from medial, posterior and anterior regions. Furthermore, PGCs migrate actively relative to their somatic neighbors and they do so as individual cells. Using mutants that exhibit defects in mesoderm development, we show that the ability to form PGC clusters depends on proper differentiation of the somatic cells present at the clustering position. Based on these findings, we propose that these somatic cells produce signals that attract PGCs. Interestingly, fate-mapping shows that these cells do not give rise to the somatic tissues of the gonad, but rather contribute to the formation of the pronephros. Thus, the putative PGC attraction center serves as an intermediate target for PGCs, which later actively migrate towards a more posterior position. This final step of PGC migration is defective in hands off mutants, where the intermediate mesoderm of the presumptive gonadal region is mispatterned. Our results indicate that zebrafish PGCs are guided by attraction towards two signaling centers, one of which may represent the somatic tissues of the gonad.Movies available on-line
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Ying, Ying, Xiao-Ming Liu, Amy Marble, Kirstie A. Lawson, and Guang-Quan Zhao. "Requirement of Bmp8b for the Generation of Primordial Germ Cells in the Mouse." Molecular Endocrinology 14, no. 7 (2000): 1053–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/mend.14.7.0479.

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Abstract In the mouse embryo, the generation of primordial germ cells (PGCs) from the epiblast requires a bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) signal from the adjacent extraembryonic ectoderm. In this study, we report that Bmp8b, a member of the Gbb-60A class of the BMP superfamily, is expressed in the extraembryonic ectoderm in pregastrula and gastrula stage mouse embryos and is required for PGC generation. A mutation in Bmp8b on a mixed genetic background results in the absence of PGCs in 43% null mutant embryos and severe reduction in PGC number in the remainder. The heterozygotes are unaffected. On a largely C57BL/6 background, Bmp8b null mutants completely lack PGCs, and Bmp8b heterozygotes have a reduced number of PGCs. In addition, Bmp8b homozygous null embryos on both genetic backgrounds have a short allantois, and this organ is missing in some more severe mutants. Since Bmp4 heterozygote embryos have reduced numbers of PGCs, we used a genetic approach to generate double-mutant embryos to study interactions of Bmp8b and Bmp4. Embryos that are double heterozygotes for the Bmp8b and Bmp4 mutations have similar defects in PGC number as Bmp4 heterozygotes, indicating that the effects of the two BMPs are not additive. These findings suggest that BMP4 and BMP8B function as heterodimers and homodimers in PGC specification in the mouse.
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Xin-Yan, Tang, Zeng Wei-Dong, Mi Yu-Ling, Liu Hong-Yun, and Zhang Cai-Qiao. "Isolation, culture and characterization of chicken primordial germ cells." Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology 3, no. 3 (2006): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cjb2006107.

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AbstractPrimordial germ cells (PGCs) were isolated from the genital ridges of chicken (Gallus domesticus) embryos at the 19th stage and purified by Ficoll density-gradient centrifugation. PGCs were co-cultured with somatic cells in preliminary culture and subcultured. Identification of PGCs was carried out by histochemical methods, including alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and periodic acid–Schiff (PAS). The proliferating activity of PGCs in subculture was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Meanwhile, proliferating PGCs were compared under different culture conditions of 5–20% fetal cattle serum (FCS), insulin–transferrin–selenite (ITS) medium, conditioned medium (CM), 15% FCS+ITS, 15% FCS+40% CM. The results showed that the cultured PGCs were positive for AKP and PAS staining and displayed intensive proliferating activity by PCNA. The PGCs without centrifugation grew better than those with centrifugation. The PGCs formed larger colonies in media with 5% FCS or ITS than other media, indicating that 5% FCS or ITS supplemented media could be an ideal culture system for PGC proliferation in the PGC-somatic cell co-culture, in addition to the embryonic fibroblast feeder layer.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PGCD"

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Bouraoui, Rachid. "Calcul sur les grands nombres et VLSI : application au PGCD, au PGCD étendu et à la distance euclidienne." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343219.

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Dans le cadre de cette thèse nous avons étudie l'implantation des algorithmes de l'arithmétique en ligne. En particulier, la réalisation de deux circuits destines aux applications exigeant une précision infinie est exposée. En effet, dans de nombreux domaines tels que la génération de nombres aléatoires, cryptographie, calcul formel, arithmétique exacte, réduction de fraction en précision infinie, calcul modulaire, traitement d'images..., les opérateurs classiques manquent d'efficacité. Face a ce type de problèmes, un remède peut être apporte par le calcul en ligne selon lequel les calculs sont faits en introduisant les opérandes en série chiffre a chiffre en notation redondante. Nous obtenons ainsi un haut degré de parallélisme et une précision variable linéairement. Le premier circuit présenté implante un algorithme de pgcd nomme Euclide offrant, d'après les simulations, le meilleur compromis cout matériel/performance. Il donne également les coefficients de Bezout. Ce circuit est appelé a résoudre les problèmes lies au temps de calcul du pgcd par les méthodes classiques rencontrées dans beaucoup d'applications. Une deuxième application montre la possibilité de fusionner des opérateurs en ligne afin d'obtenir un opérateur complexe. L'exemple traite dans cette thèse est celui de la distance euclidienne: z=x#2+y#2 utilisée, entre autres, pour la resolution du moindre carre des systèmes linéaires
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SEDJELMACI, SIDI MOHAMED. "Contribution au calcul parallele du pgcd de deux entiers." Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA132031.

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La complexite du calcul du plus grand commun diviseur (pgcd) de deux entiers en parallele est encore un probleme ouvert et on ne sait pas s'il est dans la classe nc ou p-complet. Les meilleurs algorithmes connus a l'heure actuelle sont ceux de chor and goldreich et de sorenson qui ont une complexite de o (n/logn) en temps utilisant o(n 1 + ) processeurs sur des crcw pram. La premiere partie de ce travail est consacree a un bref historique du probleme et un rappel sur la complexite en parallele. Nous proposons ensuite une classification d'algorithmes du pgcd selon qu'ils manipulent les premiers ou les derniers bits des nombres. Le chapitre 3 porte sur des ameliorations de l'algorithme de weber (un des plus puissants algorithmes paralleles) et l'etude de sa complexite dans le pire des cas. Nous presentons dans le chapitre 4 une nouvelle technique de division modulaire (appelee ppi pour pen and paper inverse) avec ses multiples applications. Au chapitre 5, nous suggerons la notion de reduction comme outil d'etude pour les algorithmes du pgcd et proposons une nouvelle reduction appelee reduction k-aire rapide (ou fast k-ary). Une extension aux reductions mixtes est traitee en chapitre 6. Elles sont obtenues en combinant plusieurs reductions a la fois. En conclusion, nous exposons quelques remarques ainsi que certaines voies de recherche futures.
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RUPPRECHT, DAVID. "Elements de geometrie algebrique approchee : etude du pgcd et de la factorisation." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5389.

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Cette these presente quelques resultats novateurs de geometrie algebrique approchee, branche recente de la geometrie algebrique effective. Les algorithmes habituels dans ce domaine reposent sur l'utilisation de nombres exacts et sont mis a defaut lorsque nous devons utiliser des approximations numeriques. Nous proposons ici non seulement de nouveaux algorithmes prenant en compte le fait que nous ne disposons que de donnees approchees, mais surtout nous donnons des theoremes permettant de certifier les resultats obtenus, ainsi que des implementations efficaces et utilisables de ces algorithmes. L'etude se decompose en deux grandes parties. Tout d'abord, nous etudions le calcul du pgcd approche de deux ou plusieurs polynomes d'une variable. Nous proposons, analysons et comparons plusieurs algorithmes permettant ce calcul et donnons plusieurs criteres certifiant les resultats, ce qui constitue l'un des points fondamentaux de ce travail. Cette etude est realisee aussi bien dans un cadre reel que dans un cadre p-adique. Nous appliquons ensuite ces resultats a l'etude des decompositions sans facteur carre d'un polynome a coefficients reels. Nous abordons, ensuite, l'etude de la factorisation de polynomes. Dans un premier temps, nous detaillons un nouvel algorithme, tres rapide, de factorisation absolue d'un polynome a deux variables a coefficients rationnels. Ce nouvel algorithme est base en grande partie sur des calculs approches, avant de retourner finalement une reponse exacte. Il sert ensuite de base a un algorithme calculant une factorisation approchee d'un polynome a deux variables a coefficients reels.
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Lhote, Loïck. "Algorithmes du PGCD et Fouille de Données : le point de vue de l’analyse dynamique." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2021.

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Cette thèse aborde deux domaines de l'algorithmique: la fouille de données et l'arithmétique. Le point de vue adopté est celui de l'analyse en moyenne et, plus précisément, celui de l'analyse dynamique, qui combine des méthodes d'analyse d'algorithmes et des systèmes dynamiques. Les algorithmes de type Euclide calculent le pgcd de deux nombres ;ce sont donc des briques de base du calcul formel, mais leur comportement probabiliste fin reste encore mal connu. Tout récemment, les méthodes dynamiques ont permis des avancées significatives dans ce domaine. Nous étendons cette approche à l'analyse fine d'autres paramètres, comme la complexité binaire et la taille des restes. Ces paramètres s'avèrent essentiels pour l'analyse de l'algorithme de type diviser pour régner introduit par Knuth et Schönhage. Nous utilisons également l'analyse dynamique dans le calcul prouvé de grandeurs spectrales. L'approche dynamique s'adapte aussi à l'algorithme d'Euclide sur les polynômes, même si, dans ce cas, les méthodes de la combinatoire analytique classique s'appliquent déjà. Nous abordons également la fouille de données. Nous nous limitons à des bases de données binaires où la connaissance se représente sous forme de 'motifs fréquents'. Le nombre de ces motifs est un paramètre essentiel pour les algorithmes. D'après les expérimentations, il varieconsidérablement selon les paramètres de la base, et l'analyse dans le pire des cas n'est donc pas significative en pratique. Dans cette thèse, nous élucidons le comportement moyen du nombre de motifs fréquents dans un modèle très général, où les bases sont construites à partir de sources possiblement corrélées<br>This thesis deals with two main algorithmical domains : Data Mining and Arithmetical computations. In both, we are interested in the average-case analysis of algorithms, and, we adopt more precisely the dynamical analysis point of vue which is a mixed method between Analysis of Algorithms and Dynamical Systems. The Euclid algorithms compute the gcd of two numbers ; these are fundamental blocks in computer algebra, but their fine probabilistic behavior is always unknown. Thanks to Dynamical Analysis methods, recent important results have been obtained. In this thesis, we extend this approach to a precise analysis of parameters, as the binary complexity or the size of remainders. These parameters are essential for the Divide and Conquer gcd algorithm due to Knuth-Schönhage. Dynamical Analysis is also used for proven computations of spectral constants. The dynamical approach is then adapted to on polynomial Euclid algorithms even if, in this case, classical Analytic Combinatorics already applies. We also deal with Data Mining. We restrict ourselves to binary databases where the knowledge is represented by 'frequent patterns'. The number of frequent patterns is essential for analysing algorithms but experiments show that it significantly changes with the parameters of the database. Then, the worst case analysis is not meaningful in practice. In this thesis, we elucidate the average beahvior of the number of frequent patterns under a large model of databases built with eventually correlated sources
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MORENO, MAZA MARC. "Calculs de pgcd au-dessus des tours d'extensions simples et resolution des systemes d'equations algebriques." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066471.

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Cette these est consacree a la resolution des systemes d'equations polynomiales a l'aide d'ensembles triangulaires. Une premiere partie consiste en la presentation de deux algorithmes permettant de calculer des pgcd de polynomes a coefficients dans une tour d'extensions simples. Le premier, realise avec renaud rioboo, s'applique aux tours algebriques. Le second, est une adaptation du precedent au cas plus general des tours separables. Ces algorithmes ont permis l'implantation efficace de deux methodes proposees par daniel lazard pour resoudre les systemes d'equations algebriques a l'aide d'ensembles triangulaires. Ces programmes ont permis la resolution automatique de problemes, inaccessibles auparavant. La deuxieme de ces methodes n'etait qu'esquissee ; aussi une seconde partie est consacree aux developpements theoriques necessaires a une implantation correcte. De plus, un travail d'unification theorique et de comparaison experimentale avec les methodes voisines de wu wen-tsun, dongming wang et michael kalkbrener a ete realise avec philippe aubry.
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Roch, Jean-Louis. "Calcul formel et parallélisme : l'architecture du système PAC et son arithmétique rationnelle." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00334457.

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Pac est un système de calcul formel dédié a une machine Mind massivement parallèle. Dans une première partie, l'architecture du système est décrite. Elle est illustrée par une modélisation théorique et pratique de la parallélisation du produit de deux polynômes. Le système Pac est implante sur la machine t40 de Fps (32 processeurs). Dans une deuxième partie, l'arithmétique nodale en précision infinie sur les rationnels est étudiée. Différents algorithmes sont dégagés, notamment pour la multiplication, la division et le pgcd d'entiers de taille quelconque. Une vectorisation de l'arithmétique de base est discutée et expérimentée
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Stehlé, Damien. "Algorithmique de la réduction de réseaux et application à la recherche de pires cas pour l'arrondi defonctions mathématiques." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011150.

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Les réseaux euclidiens sont un outil particulièrement puissant dans<br />plusieurs domaines de l'algorithmique, en cryptographie et en théorie<br />algorithmique des nombres par exemple. L'objet du présent mémoire est dual : nous améliorons les algorithmes de réduction des réseaux,<br />et nous développons une nouvelle application dans le domaine<br />de l'arithmétique des ordinateurs. En ce qui concerne l'aspect algorithmique, nous nous intéressons aux cas des petites dimensions (en dimension un, où il s'agit du calcul de pgcd, et aussi en dimensions 2 à 4), ainsi qu'à la description d'une nouvelle variante de l'algorithme LLL, en dimension quelconque. Du point de vue de l'application, nous utilisons la méthode<br />de Coppersmith permettant de trouver les petites racines de polynômes modulaires multivariés, pour calculer les pires cas pour l'arrondi des fonctions mathématiques, quand la fonction, le mode d'arrondi, et la précision sont donnés. Nous adaptons aussi notre technique aux mauvais cas simultanés pour deux fonctions. Ces deux méthodes sont des pré-calculs coûteux, qui une fois <br />effectués permettent d'accélérer les implantations des fonctions mathématiques élémentaires en précision fixée, par exemple en double précision.<br /><br />La plupart des algorithmes décrits dans ce mémoire ont été validés<br />expérimentalement par des implantations, qui sont<br />disponibles à l'url http://www.loria.fr/~stehle.
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Luu, Ba Thang. "Représentation matricielle implicite de courbes et surfaces algébriques et applications." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00610499.

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Dans cette thèse, nous introduisons et étudions une nouvelle représentation implicite des hypersurfaces rationelles et des courbes rationnelles plongées dans un espace projectif de dimension arbitraire. Nous illustrons les avantages de cette représentation matricielle en abordant plusieurs problèmes importants intervenant en conception géométriqueassistée par ordinateur: les problèmes d'intersection entre deux courbes, entre une courbe et une surface ou bien encore entre deux surfaces, le problème d'appartenance d'un point à une courbe ou une surface, le problème du calcul de la pré-image d'un point donné par une paramétrisation et enfin le problème du calcul des singularités d'une courbe rationnelle. L'approche développée dans ce travail de thèse est basée sur la combinaison de méthodes symboliques et numériques. En effet, un première étape symbolique consiste à transformer le problème considérer en un pinceau de matrices. La deuxième étape consiste alors à calculer les valeurs propres généralisées de ce pinceau à l'aide de méthodes numériques. Pour cela, un algorithme d'extraction de la partie régulière d'un pinceau univarié, respectivement bivarié, de matrices non carrées est présenté. Une implémentation de ces travaux dans les systèmes de calcul formel Mathemagix et Maple est présentée en appendice. Le dernier chapitre est conscré à un algorithme qui, étant donné un ensemble de polynômes univariés f1 , ..., fs construit un ensemble de polynômes u1 , ..., us dont les degrés sont prescrits, tels que le degré du pgcd(f1 + u1 , ..., fs + us ) est supérieur ou égal à un entier donné sous des hypothèses de généricité.
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Jellis, Christopher Henry. "Metalearning : PGCE students learning about learning." Thesis, Durham University, 2006. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2583/.

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As students, trainee teachers are required to reflect upon and take ownership of their own learning, but because of their future position as teachers, they also have to understand the learning of others. Trainee teachers have many ideas about teaching, but unless they have previous experience in the field, it is likely that their main understanding of what constitutes teaching and learning will be from their experiences of themselves as students. Many trainee teachers follow an uninterrupted route from school to university and then straight onto a PGCE course and will throughout their time in education have been experiencing teaching only from one direction 一 that of a student. During this time, many will develop ideas about what teachers actually do, but since a lot of what teachers do is preparation outside of the classroom, can students really get a balanced idea of the working life of a teacher? Trainee teachers, and indeed all postgraduate students need to reflect on their own learning in order to maximise their ability to assimilate and understand new information. This is the idea behind the concept of metalearning. Metalearning is a comparatively new phrase and as such, its meaning is still evolving. Originally defined by John Biggs (1985) as a process of being aware, and taking control, of one's own learning, it has subsequently been revisited and redefined. Some authors equate the concept with a practical form of metacognition, others with ideas involving reflective practice whilst others consider the phrase to mean "learning about learning" (Jackson, 2004). In the text which follows, the word is taken to mean "learning about learning" which could, in many cases be shown to subsume both the metacognitive and reflective theories. In any case, it is a very apt description of the principal role of trainee teachers. This longitudinal study tracks a group of trainee teachers following a PGCE course in order to observe their development and understanding of learning, both their own and that of their pupils and also to gain some insights into the experience of being a PGCE student in the 21 St Century.
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Reyes, Pilar. "Science PGCE students' understanding of secondary science teaching." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246757.

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Books on the topic "PGCD"

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Moore, Phil. PGCE mentor's guide. University of Warwick, 1994.

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Ingolič, Anton. Tajno društvo PGC. Zal. Karantanija, 1997.

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Department of Education & Science. Kingston Polytechnic: 11-18 PGCE Course. Department of Education and Science, 1990.

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Great Britain. Department for Education. Her Majesty's Inspectorate. Warwick University: Secondary PGCE programme : a report. DFE, 1992.

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Chambers, Jos'e. Industrial and economic awareness: Issues for the PGCE. INDTEL, 1991.

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Swanwick, Keith. Teacher education and the PGCE course: A research report. Institute of Education, University of London, 1989.

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Department of Education & Science. The training of modern languages teachers in PGCE courses. Department of Education and Science, 1990.

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Chinesta, Francisco, and Pierre Ladevèze, eds. Separated Representations and PGD-Based Model Reduction. Springer Vienna, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1794-1.

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Tyler, Ken. Dealing with child protection issues on a primary PGCE course. Loughborough University Department of Education, 1992.

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Sewell, Keira. Doing Your PGCE At M-Level: A Guide for Students. SAGE Publications Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781473957831.

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Book chapters on the topic "PGCD"

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Villena, Josep A. "PGC-1a." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_101752.

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Villena, Josep A. "PGC-1a." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules. Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6438-9_101752-1.

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Bayefsky, Michelle, and Bruce Jennings. "Paying for PGD." In Regulating Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis in the United States. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137515445_5.

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Chinesta, Francisco, Roland Keunings, and Adrien Leygue. "PGD Versus SVD." In The Proper Generalized Decomposition for Advanced Numerical Simulations. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02865-1_3.

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Bolton, Virginia N. "Embryology and PGD." In Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis in Clinical Practice. Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2948-6_6.

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Winter, Daniel. "Permeate Gap Membrane Distillation (PGMD)." In Encyclopedia of Membranes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_447-4.

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Bayefsky, Michelle, and Bruce Jennings. "Regulating PGD in Practice." In Regulating Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis in the United States. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137515445_4.

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Chinesta, Francisco, and Elías Cueto. "PGD-Based Computational Homogenization." In PGD-Based Modeling of Materials, Structures and Processes. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06182-5_3.

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El-Toukhy, Tarek. "PGD Facts and Figures." In Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis in Clinical Practice. Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2948-6_12.

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Jones, Alison, Pamela Renwick, Alison Lashwood, and Tarek El-Toukhy. "New Developments in PGD." In Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis in Clinical Practice. Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2948-6_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "PGCD"

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Banusić, Gregor B., Rupak Majumdar, Marcus Pirron, Anne-Kathrin Schmuck, and Damien Zufferey. "PGCD." In ICCPS '19: ACM/IEEE 10th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems. ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3302509.3311052.

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Zhu, Futang, Li Chen, and Chengliang Yin. "Scheme Design and Optimal Selection for HEV Planetary Gear Coupling Mechanism." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86716.

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More and more planetary gear mechanisms are being used in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) as multi-energy coupling mechanisms because of their compact structure, high transmission efficiency and strong load bearing capacity. In order to get all the planetary gear schemes that satisfy the requirements of topological characteristics and select the optimal scheme for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Planetary Gear Coupling Mechanism (HEV-PGCM) as the references for the following analysis and structure design. Firstly, a variety of HEV-PGCM schemes with required topological characteristics are designed by applying the Creative Design Method. Secondly, according to the design requirements of planetary gear transmission and HEV power coupling mechanism, combined with Matrix Theory, the scheme evaluating indicators and method for HEV-PGCM are presented and used for scheme analysis and optimal selection. The results indicate that this method is general for common use and it can provide reference schemes for the following structure parameter design and analysis of HEV-PGCM.
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Zhu, Dingju, and Jianping Fan. "PGDC: Parallel Generation of Digital City." In 2008 International Conference on Cyberworlds (CW). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cw.2008.25.

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Riza Ghazali, Ahmad, M. Jamaal Hoesni, Shaidin Arshad, Wan Ismail Wan Yusoff, and M. Hafizal Mad Zahir and M. Faizal A. Rahim. "Overpressure Characterization in Baram Delta: Rock Properties to Seismic Velocities Evaluation." In PGCE 2005. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.257.26.

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Choo, Matthew, Alexander Bray, and John Voon. "Identifying Hydrocarbon Accumulation with Sea Bed Logging." In PGCE 2005. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.257.3.

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Ahmad, Mansor, Norhafizah Mohamed, and Kazuo Nakayama. "Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Distribution in the Malay Basin, Malaysia." In PGCE 2005. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.257.4.

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Shaari Abdullah, Che. "Exploring for High Pressure and High Temperature (HPHT)Hydrocarbon Pools: Technology Challenges Versus Pessimism - Guling Deep-1 Experience." In PGCE 2005. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.257.5.

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Shahar, Suhaileen. "The Prospectivity of Fractured Basement Play of The Malay Basin." In PGCE 2005. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.257.6.

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McKinley, George, and Chris Manuel and Rick Walia. "Depth versus Time Imaging of 3D seismic data – Tabu Field." In PGCE 2005. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.257.7.

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Jirin, Shamsudin, Mahani Mohamed, Sanatul Salwa Hassan, and Md Wakif Sukahar. "High resolution Biostratigraphy for enhanced reservoircorrelation in the Bergading field." In PGCE 2005. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.257.8.

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Reports on the topic "PGCD"

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Treadwell, Jonathan R., James T. Reston, Benjamin Rouse, Joann Fontanarosa, Neha Patel, and Nikhil K. Mull. Automated-Entry Patient-Generated Health Data for Chronic Conditions: The Evidence on Health Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb38.

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Background. Automated-entry consumer devices that collect and transmit patient-generated health data (PGHD) are being evaluated as potential tools to aid in the management of chronic diseases. The need exists to evaluate the evidence regarding consumer PGHD technologies, particularly for devices that have not gone through Food and Drug Administration evaluation. Purpose. To summarize the research related to automated-entry consumer health technologies that provide PGHD for the prevention or management of 11 chronic diseases. Methods. The project scope was determined through discussions with Key Informants. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (via EMBASE.com), In-Process MEDLINE and PubMed unique content (via PubMed.gov), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews or controlled trials. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov for ongoing studies. We assessed risk of bias and extracted data on health outcomes, surrogate outcomes, usability, sustainability, cost-effectiveness outcomes (quantifying the tradeoffs between health effects and cost), process outcomes, and other characteristics related to PGHD technologies. For isolated effects on health outcomes, we classified the results in one of four categories: (1) likely no effect, (2) unclear, (3) possible positive effect, or (4) likely positive effect. When we categorized the data as “unclear” based solely on health outcomes, we then examined and classified surrogate outcomes for that particular clinical condition. Findings. We identified 114 unique studies that met inclusion criteria. The largest number of studies addressed patients with hypertension (51 studies) and obesity (43 studies). Eighty-four trials used a single PGHD device, 23 used 2 PGHD devices, and the other 7 used 3 or more PGHD devices. Pedometers, blood pressure (BP) monitors, and scales were commonly used in the same studies. Overall, we found a “possible positive effect” of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for coronary artery disease, heart failure, and asthma. For obesity, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (body mass index/weight) as likely no effect. For hypertension, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (systolic BP/diastolic BP) as possible positive effect. For cardiac arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities we rated the health outcomes as unclear and the surrogate outcome (time to arrhythmia detection) as likely positive effect. The findings were “unclear” regarding PGHD interventions for diabetes prevention, sleep apnea, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most studies did not report harms related to PGHD interventions; the relatively few harms reported were minor and transient, with event rates usually comparable to harms in the control groups. Few studies reported cost-effectiveness analyses, and only for PGHD interventions for hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; the findings were variable across different chronic conditions and devices. Patient adherence to PGHD interventions was highly variable across studies, but patient acceptance/satisfaction and usability was generally fair to good. However, device engineers independently evaluated consumer wearable and handheld BP monitors and considered the user experience to be poor, while their assessment of smartphone-based electrocardiogram monitors found the user experience to be good. Student volunteers involved in device usability testing of the Weight Watchers Online app found it well-designed and relatively easy to use. Implications. Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated some PGHD technologies (e.g., pedometers, scales, BP monitors), particularly for obesity and hypertension, but health outcomes were generally underreported. We found evidence suggesting a possible positive effect of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for four chronic conditions. Lack of reporting of health outcomes and insufficient statistical power to assess these outcomes were the main reasons for “unclear” ratings. The majority of studies on PGHD technologies still focus on non-health-related outcomes. Future RCTs should focus on measurement of health outcomes. Furthermore, future RCTs should be designed to isolate the effect of the PGHD intervention from other components in a multicomponent intervention.
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Puigserver, Pere. Maintenance of Glucose Homeostasis Through Acetylation of the Metabolic Transcriptional Coactivator PGC1-alpha. Defense Technical Information Center, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada551301.

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Chaparadza, Diana. An Analysis of Patient-Generated Health Data in Assisting Nurses and Physicians to Better Treat Patients with Hypertension. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/chp.hiim.0080.

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Patient Generated Health Data (PGHD is not new but it has gained more attention these past years due to the advent of smart devices, remote monitoring devices and many applications on various smart devices. PGHD reflects medications and treatment, lifestyle choices, and health history. Unlike traditional medical visits, where clinicians collect and manage data within their offices, PGHD is collected by patients throughout the course of their day and provides an insight of how they are responding to treatments or lifestyle choices. Examples include blood glucose monitoring or blood pressure readings using home health equipment, exercise and diet tracking using mobile applications or wearable devices such as the Fitbit or other smart watches.
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Puigserver, Pere. Maintenance of Glucose Homeostasis through Acetylation of the Metabolic Transcriptional Coactivator PGC-1alpha. Defense Technical Information Center, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada467976.

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