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Journal articles on the topic 'PH 6.8 phosphate buffer'

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Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Stepaniak, Leszek, and Patrick F. Fox. "Isolation and characterization of heat stable proteinases fromPseudomonasisolate AFT 21." Journal of Dairy Research 52, no. 1 (1985): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900023918.

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SUMMARYPseudomonasstrain AFT 21 produced three heat stable extracellular proteinases in milk and nutrient broth at 7 or 21 °C, but the proportions depended on medium and cultivation temperature. The three proteinases were EDTA- ando-phenanthroline-sensitive metalloenzymes and were not inhibited byN-ethylmaleimide or phosphoramidon. Proteinases I and II showed maximum activity at pH 7–7·5 and proteinase III at pH 8·5. All three enzymes showed maximum activity at 45–47·5 °C, but had relatively high (19–27% of maximum) activity at 4 °C. They were unstable at 55 °C in phosphate buffer, pH 6·6, or

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2

Joice, Aney, and Farheen Mohammed Zubair Sange. "Comparative UV Spectroscopic Method Analysis and Validation for Estimation of Rifaximin in Pharmaceutical Preparation." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 13, no. 9 (2023): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i9.6193.

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In the present research work the absorption characteristics of rifaximin was studied and validated in different solvents in visible region for its quantitative estimation in bulk and dosage forms by UV spectrophotometric method. The solution of Rifaximin were prepared in 0.1N HCL (pH 1.2), Phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) & Phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and showed maximum absorption at wavelength 439 nm, 440 nm & 433 nm in respective solvents. The drug obeyed Beer–Lambert’s law in the concentration range of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 µg/mL with coefficient of correlation (r2) of 0.998. The estimation method

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3

R., Sailaja* P. Jogi Naidu S. Sandhya N. Kamakshi Jagadeesh Panda. "Prevention Of Cap Locking Problem in Syrups by Additives And pH Adjustment Method." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 2 (2025): 1595–603. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14891422.

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Background:Cap locking is a filling problem in sugar syrups. The sugar in the syrup crystallizes on the bottle cap and the threads, making it difficult to remove the cap. The study investigates the inhibition of sucrose crystallization on the bottleneck and cap of sugar syrup-containing products by treating them with various additives and buffers in the manufacturing process. Methodology:  Simple syrup (66% w/w sucrose) and partially inverted syrup (in which 66% w/w sucrose was treated with Citric acid, Citric monohydrate, Sodium hydroxide, Buffers (with pH-4, pH-5,and pH-6)) were prepare

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4

Abdul Kuddus, Syed, Afsana Alam, Abdullah Md. Sifat, et al. "Effect of Polymer Concentration on the Release of Naproxen from Enteric Coated Sustained Release Tablets." Journal of Biosciences and Experimental Pharmacology 1, no. 1 (2023): 70–90. https://doi.org/10.62624/jbep00.0005.

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Five different formulations of naproxen sodium core tablets were prepared using different amounts of Methocel K15M CR by direct compression method. From a particular formulation, 50 % of tablets were kept uncoated and enteric coating was applied to the remaining 50 % using cellulose acetate phthalate (6 % w/w). Dissolution, swelling and erosion tests of uncoated tablets were conducted 8 hours in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). For enteric coated tablets, dissolution test was performed for first 2 hours in acidic medium (pH 1.2) then 8 hours in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Enteric coating was able to

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5

Verdon, Eric, and Pierrick Couëdor. "Multiresidue Analytical Method for the Determination of Eight Penicillin Antibiotics in Muscle Tissue by Ion-Pair Reversed-Phase HPLC after Precolumn Derivatization." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 82, no. 5 (1999): 1083–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.5.1083.

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Abstract A high-performance liquid chromatographic multiresidue method was developed for the determination of 8 penicillin compounds (benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, and dicloxacillin) at trace levels in muscle tissue. This method involves extraction of the penicillins with phosphate buffer pH 9 followed by cleanup and concentration on a C18 solid¯phase extraction column and reaction with benzoic anhydride at 50°C for 5 min and with 1,2,4-triazole and mercury(II) chloride solution pH 9 at 65°C for 10 min. The derivatized co

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6

Ordoñez, Juan A., M. Angeles Aguilera, M. Luisa Garcia, and Bernabe Sanz. "Effect of combined ultrasonic and heat treatment (thermoultrasonication) on the survival of a strain ofStaphylococcus aureus." Journal of Dairy Research 54, no. 1 (1987): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900025206.

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SummaryThe combined effect of ultrasonic waves (20 kHz, 150 W) and heat treatment applied simultaneously (thermoultrasonication) on the survival of a strain ofStaphylococcus aureuswas studied in 0·05 m-phosphate buffer pH 6·8 and ultra-heat-treated whole milk. This combined process decreased by 63% the decimal reduction times for the heat treatment when the organism was suspended in buffer and by 43% when suspended in milk. These effects were much greater than the additive effect of the two agents considered independently.

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7

Kazama, Futaba. "Viral inactivation by potassium ferrate." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 5-6 (1995): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0591.

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The kinetics of inactivation by potassium ferrate were studied using a bacteriophage, F-specific RNA-coliphage Qβ as a viral model. The inactivation appeared to be expressed by Hom's model in phosphate buffer at pH 6, 7, and 8. The rate of inactivation depended on pH; the lower pH, the faster inactivation observed. To consider the mechanism by which ferrate caused inactivation, the efficiency of inactivation was checked after ferrate decomposition in buffer. Effective inactivation following Hom's model was also observed after the complete decomposition of ferrate ion; however, the efficiency o

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8

Kalinkevich, O. V., M. V. Pogorielov, I. M. Babich, et al. "In-vitro degradation of the chitosan membranes under various syntheses conditions." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 60, no. 6 (2014): 636–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20146006636.

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The hydrolytic degradation of polymer films, which were obtained by application of 2% and 3% chitosan solutions in 1% acetic acid on a base sheet has been investigated. As the solvent was removed, these firms were either treated with 0.5% NaOH for 3 min or with phosphate buffer (рН 8) for 10 min. The degrees of degradation for the obtained samples were studied during 1-96 h in solutions with pH values of 5.0, 7.0 and 8.5. The results revealed resistance of the films within the first 6 h, followed by their subsequent degradation. The rate of degradation depended on pH of the solution, chitosan

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9

Patel, Jully, Karunamay Majee, and Sumanta Kumar Padhi. "[RuV(NCN-Me)(bpy)(O)]3+ mediated efficient photo-driven water oxidation." RSC Advances 6, no. 66 (2016): 61959–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra12074a.

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The complex [Ru(NCN-Me)(bpy)H<sub>2</sub>O](PF<sub>6</sub>)<sub>2</sub> acts as an active catalyst for the photo-driven oxidation of water, when employed with [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> as photosensitizer and Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> as sacrificial electron acceptor at pH 6.5 phosphate buffer, with a TON of 130.

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10

Rodríguez, Providencia, and Olga Bello. "Enzymatic dephosphorylation of retinyl monophosphate by rat liver." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 64, no. 9 (1986): 864–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o86-115.

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Rat liver has been shown to contain an enzyme that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of retinyl monophosphate. This activity was extracted with 0.1 M Tris buffer (pH 7.5). Maximum reaction rate was observed at a pH range of 7.0–7.5. It did not require metal ions for activity and was sensitive to fluoride ion. The retinyl monophosphate phosphatase activity was proportional to time and protein and substrate concentration. Triton X-100 (range of 0.05–0.10%) increased the activity 100%, whereas other detergents (Tween 80, cholate, and deoxycholate) did not activate the enzyme. A number of phosphoryl

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11

B. Borse, Laxmikant, Atul R. Bendale, Sandhya L. Borse, Vaishali D. Naphade, and Anil G. Jadhav. "Formulation and Evaluation of Mouth Dissolving Tablet Rivaroxaban and its Validation." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 19, no. 4 (2022): 943–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3043.

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ABSTRACT: The foremost intention of present research was the preparation and assessment of mouth dissolving formulation Rivaroxaban and its validation. During present work, this tablet was formulated by straight compression technique by means of Cros-carmellose sodium and Sodium starch glycolate as super-disintegrants (concentration of 2, 4, 6%) and Avicel 102 as a binder. The formulated preparations were exposed to different consideration parameters like hardness test, friability test, disintegration test, release of drug and content of drug. The calibration curve of API using solvent phospha

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12

Alekya, Thota, Dudhipala Narendar, Donthi Mahipal, Narala Arjun, and Banala Nagaraj. "Design and Evaluation of Chronomodulated Drug Delivery of Tramadol Hydrochloride." Drug Research 68, no. 03 (2017): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-119072.

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AbstractRheumatoid arthritis is an auto immune disease which requires chronotherapy as it occurs during early morning. Tramadol hydrochloride (TH) is an analgesic drug, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of the present investigation was to develop chronomodulated drug delivery system of tramadol hydrochloride such that it releases the drug early in the morning, during which the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis worsen. To develop chronomodulated drug delivery system of TH, initially core tablets of TH were prepared using three different supradisintegrants followed by coating with pH de

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13

Young, S. Y., and B. T. Forschler. "Evaluation of Bacillus Thuringiensis Products for Control of a Mixed Vbc:Gcw Population on Soybean, 1990." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 17, no. 1 (1992): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/17.1.283a.

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Abstract Commercial B. thuringiensis products were evaluated against a mixed VBC:GCW population on soybean in Lafayette Co., Ark. Treatments were applied on 26 Sep with a manually propelled 4 row boom (2 nozzles per row) sprayer using TX-6 nozzles at 1.6 km/h and calibrated to deliver 96 liters/ha. Water used for mixing insecticides had a pH of 8.4; Bactec I and Bactec III preparations were buffered to pH 7.0 using phosphate buffer supplied by Bactec Corp. A randomized complete block experiment was used with 4 replicates. Plots were 8 rows with 0.98 m spacing × 30.8 m in length. Plots were sep

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14

Hall, Richard M., and Mark D. Sobsey. "Inactivation of Hepatitis a Virus and MS2 by Ozone and Ozone-Hydrogen Peroxide in Buffered Water." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 3-4 (1993): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0377.

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The comparative inactivation of highly purified hepatitis A virus (HAV) and MS2 by 1 mg H2O2/L, 2.0 and 0.4 mg O3/L, and 2.0 mg O3/L plus 0.6, 1.0, or 1.6 mg H2O2/L, at 3-10°C, in 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 6-10) was determined. Both HAV and MS2 were completely inactivated (3.9-6 log10) within 5 seconds in ozone solutions. Hydrogen peroxide did not inactivate MS2, but did inactivate 95% of the HAV. Both HAV and MS2 were completely (3.3-5.5 log) inactivated within 5 seconds in the oxidant mixtures at pH 6-8, but MS2 survival exceeded that of HAV at pH 10. MS2 was found to be a good model for p

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15

Vaughn, James M., Yu-Shiaw Chen, James F. Novotny, and Deborah Strout. "Effects of ozone treatment on the infectivity of hepatitis A virus." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 36, no. 8 (1990): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m90-097.

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The inactivation of a large-focus-forming variant of hepatitis A virus (HM-175) by ozone was investigated. Experiments using mainly single-particle virus preparations suspended in phosphate–carbonate buffer were conducted over a range of pH levels (6–8) at 4 °C. Viral enumerations involved the use of a radioimmunofocus assay. While some tolerance to lower (i.e., 0.1–0.5 mg/L) ozone residuals was noted, the exposure of virus particles to ozone concentrations of 1 mg/L or greater at all pH levels resulted in their complete (5 log) inactivation within 60 s. The pH-related effects that were observ

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16

Jemelková, Zuzana, Jiří Zima, and Jiří Barek. "Voltammetric and amperometric determination of doxorubicin using carbon paste electrodes." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 74, no. 10 (2009): 1503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2009081.

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Direct current voltammetric (DCV) and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) determination of antineoplastic agent doxorubicin (DOX) at a carbon paste electrode (CPE) was developed. Britton–Robinson buffer (pH 7.0) was used as a supporting electrolyte. The limits of detection are 8 × 10–7 mol l–1 (DCV) and 6 × 10–8 mol l–1 (DPV). The accumulation of DOX at the electrode surface was used to decrease the limits of detection down to 2.2 × 10–7 mol l–1 for adsorptive stripping DC voltammetry (DCAdSV) and 2.8 × 10–9 mol l–1 for adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry (DPAdSV) at CPE. The

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17

Nayyar, Parvez, Yadav Suman, and A.K.Bakhshi. "DESIGN OF KETOCONAZOLE MICROSPHERES - FORMULATIVE APPROACHES." Continental J. Medical Research 1 (November 4, 2007): 13–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3526867.

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Sustained release microspheres containing ketoconazole were prepared using 22 factorial design and were characterized for their release properties and micromeritic properties (intraquartile coefficient of skewness and kurtosis). The surface topography of the microspheres was investigated with scanning electron microscopy.  In vitro drug release studies were performed using modified USP apparatus I in 0.1N HCl pH 1.20 for 2 h followed by phosphate buffer pH 7.20 as dissolution medium at 37°±0.5°C at 50 rpm for the next 6 h.  Maximum drug release was observed with the KT

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18

Gao, Yudong, Zhengkun Xie, Yulong Zhang, Lina Zou, and Baoxian Ye. "A Simple and Sensitive Voltammetric Method for the Determination of Orange II Based on a Functionalized Graphene-Modified Electrode." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 99, no. 5 (2016): 1287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.16-0138.

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Abstract A simple and sensitive voltammetric sensor for Orange II was developed, based on a poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate)-functionalized graphene-modified glassy carbon electrode. This voltammetric sensor showed strong accumulation ability and an excellent voltammetric response for Orange II. The electrochemical behavior of Orange II was systematically investigated in a pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution. By linear sweep voltammetry, under optimum conditions, a good linear relationship was obtained between peak currents and Orange II concentrations in the wider range of 3 × 10−8 to 5 × 10−6 mo

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19

Baishya, Nystha, Mohammad Momouei, Karthik Budidha, Meha Qassem, Pankaj Vadgama, and Panicos A. Kyriacou. "Near infrared spectrometric investigation of lactate in a varying pH buffer." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 28, no. 5-6 (2020): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967033520905374.

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Lactic acidosis is commonly observed in various disease states in critical care and can be adopted as a hemodynamic biomarker, as well as a target for therapy. pH is the main biomarker for the diagnosis of acid–base disorders and is currently measured utilizing invasive blood sampling techniques. Therefore, there is a need for a non-invasive and continuous technology for the measurement of pH and lactate levels. In this work, near infrared spectroscopy is explored as a technique for investigating lactic acidosis. In-vitro studies on 20 isotonic phosphate buffer solutions of varying pH with con

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20

Khan, Adil, Jaiprakash N. Sangshetti, and Kamran Mukarram. "Potential of Nitrofurantoin Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Complex to Enhance Solubility and Masking Bitter Taste." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 13, no. 04 (2023): 1267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.4.23.

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This study aimed to produce b-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based nanosponges (NS) loaded with nitrofurantoin (NFN) to improve oral bioavailability, solubility, and dissolution rate while concealing bitter tastes. The cross-linker diphenyl carbonate and β-CD were reacted in various ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8) to produce NFN-loaded NS. The developed NS were evaluated for phase solubility study, particle size, drug loading, polydispersity index, scanning electron microscope (SEM), zeta potential, fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), a study of phosphate buff

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21

Gray, Ian James, Rui Ren, Bernhard Westermann, and Ronald Kluger. "Lanthanum-catalyzed aqueous acylation of monosaccharides by benzoyl methyl phosphate." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 84, no. 4 (2006): 620–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v06-047.

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It was previously reported that diols dissolved in water (pH 8, EPPS buffer) react with benzoyl methyl phosphate (BMP) in the presence of lanthanide ions to form monobenzoyl esters. We have investigated the possibility of extending this process to include formation of esters of monosaccharides in water from lanthanide-catalyzed reactions with BMP. The combination of methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside and BMP in the presence of lanthanum trichloride gave selective monoacylation of the 2- and 6-hydroxyl groups in a ratio of 2:1. The likely mechanism involves preferential bisbidentate coordination of BMP

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22

Shirsand, SB, RT Gumate, V. Jonathan, and Shailashri. "Novel Co-processed Spray Dried Super Disintegrants Designing of Fast Dissolving Tablets Using." Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, no. 2 (2017): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v15i2.30933.

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In the present study, novel co-processed superdisintegrants were developed by spray drying method using microcrystalline cellulose and mannitol in different ratios (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) for use in the fast dissolving tablet formulations. The developed excipients were evaluated for angle of repose, Carrs index and Hausners ratio in comparison with physical mixture of superdisintegrants. The angle of repose of the developed excipients was found to be < 30o, Carrs index in the range of 9-15 % and Hausners ratio in the range of 1.12-1.16. Fast dissolving tablets of glibenclamide were prepared

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23

Al-Temimi, Nora T., Wasan K. Al-Temimi, and Alaa G. Al-Hashimi. "Utilization of Partially Purified Transglutaminase Enzyme for Improving the Quality of Oatmeal Bread." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1487, no. 1 (2025): 012123. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1487/1/012123.

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Abstract Transglutaminase was extracted from different plant sources (cowpea, pea and defatted soybean) using different buffer solutions such as distilled water, potassium phosphate, Tris-HCl and sodium acetate at concentrations 0.2, 0.1 and 0.1 molar, respectively, at different pH ranges (6, 6.5, 7, 7.5 and 8). The protein concentration, enzymatic activity and specificity of the plant extracts were estimated. The lowest enzymatic and specific enzyme activity of transglutaminase was recorded in distilled water extraction for all plants, ranging from 25.213-53.319 units/ml and 19.098-31.252 uni

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24

HAYES, MAURICE G., MICHAEL J. HURLEY, LOTTE B. LARSEN, et al. "Thermal inactivation kinetics of bovine cathepsin D." Journal of Dairy Research 68, no. 2 (2001): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029901004757.

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Cathepsin D, the principal indigenous acid proteinase in bovine milk, is a lysosomal proteinase, which exists in milk in four forms, including the inactive zymogen procathepsin D. The thermal inactivation kinetics of bovine cathepsin D, isolated from spleen and milk, were studied under isothermal conditions, using a specific HPLC assay to determine residual activity. Inactivation of the blood enzyme preparation followed first order kinetics, with z-values in phosphate buffer (pH 6·7) and skimmed milk of 6·5 and 7·6 °C, respectively, the enzyme being far more stable in the latter environment. I

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25

Yang, Li, and Robert Josephs. "The structure of frozen-hydrated membrane skeletons of human red blood cells." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100162752.

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The red cell membrane skeleton is a two-dimensional network of structural proteins attached to the cytoplasmic surface of the erythrocyte membrane. The major components of the skeletal network are spectrin, actin and band 4.1. Reversible shape changes in the red cell are believed to be mediated by changes in the conformation of spectrin. In this study cryo electron microscopy was used to examine membrane skeletons that were embedded in a thin layer of vitreous ice supported by a fenestrated carbon film. This avoids drying and flattening effects and the attendant changes in salt concentrations

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26

Sutor-Świeży, Katarzyna, Justyna Proszek, Łukasz Popenda, and Sławomir Wybraniec. "Influence of Citrates and EDTA on Oxidation and Decarboxylation of Betacyanins in Red Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Betalain-Rich Extract." Molecules 27, no. 24 (2022): 9054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27249054.

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The influence of stabilizing activity of citric buffers on betacyanins, as well as their thermal dehydrogenation and decarboxylation in a beetroot betalain-rich extract (BRE), was studied at pH 3–8 and temperature 30, 50 and 85 °C with an additional effect of EDTA. In acetate/phosphate buffers, the highest stability is observed at pH 5 and it decreases toward pH 3 as well as pH 8, which is more remarkable at 85 °C. For the citrates, a contradictory effect was observed. Citric buffers tend to stabilize the substrate pigments and their intermediary products in acidic solutions, although increase

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27

Souza, Danivia Endi S., Lucas M. F. Santos, João P. A. Freitas, et al. "Experimental and Computational Analysis of Synthesis Conditions of Hybrid Nanoflowers for Lipase Immobilization." Molecules 29, no. 3 (2024): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29030628.

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This work presents a framework for evaluating hybrid nanoflowers using Burkholderia cepacia lipase. It was expanded on previous findings by testing lipase hybrid nanoflowers (hNF-lipase) formation over a wide range of pH values (5–9) and buffer concentrations (10–100 mM). The free enzyme activity was compared with that of hNF-lipase. The analysis, performed by molecular docking, described the effect of lipase interaction with copper ions. The morphological characterization of hNF-lipase was performed using scanning electron microscopy. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy performed the phys

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Sobsey, Mark D., Takashi Fuji, and Patricia A. Shields. "Inactivation of Hepatitis a Virus and Model Viruses in Water by Free Chlorine and Monochloramine." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 11-12 (1988): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0310.

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The kinetics and extent of inactivation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) as well as three other viruses, coxsackievirus B5 (CB5) and coliphages MS2 and ϕX174, by 0.5 mg/l free chlorine, pH 6-10, and 10 mg/l monochloramine, pH 8, at 5°C in 0.01 M phosphate buffer were determined. HAV wae relatively sensitive to 0.5 mg/l free chlorine but relatively resistant to 10 mg/l monochloramine. Compared to HAV, CB5 was quite resistant to inactivation by free chlorine but similar in resistance to inactivation by monochloramine. Inactivation of ϕX174 by free chlorine was rapid at pH 6-9 and intermediate between

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29

Kudupudi, Venkateswarlu, Ravi Shankar Kakarparthy, Prakash Nathaniel Kumar Sarella, and Venkata Ramana Murthy Kolapalli. "Formulation Development and Characterization of Vancomycin Hydrochloride Colon-Targeted Tablets Using In-Situ Polyelectrolyte Complexation Technique." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology(IJPSN) 16, no. 3 (2023): 6533–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2023.16.3.7.

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Introduction: Vancomycin hydrochloride (VH) is an amphoteric glycopeptide antibiotic used to manage enterocolitis and pseudomembranous colitis. However, VH is prone to proteolytic degradation in the stomach, thus obscuring the drug entry into the colon. Colon-targeted drug delivery can prevent gastric degradation and localise the drug in the colon.  Methodology: The applicability of in situ polyelectrolyte complexation technique using the polymers Chitosan, Karaya gum, and Hupu gum at various concentrations along with enteric coating using Eudragit S100 was studied for the preparation of

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Machuca, Angela, Hiroshi Aoyama, and Nelson Durán. "Production and characterization of thermostable phenol oxidases of the ascomycete Thermoascus aurantiacus." Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 27, no. 3 (1998): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-8744.1998.tb00497.x.

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The effect of some culture conditions on extracellular phenol oxidase (PO) production by the thermophilic ascomycete Thermoascus aurantiacus was studied. The effect of different lignocellulosic and an aromatic compound (p‐anisidine) as inducers of PO activity was studied in liquid culture. The most effective substrate, wheat bran, induced between 1 and 2 units/ml PO activity when utilized at a concentration of 1.5% (w/v). The type and size of fungal inoculum influenced the PO production. However, the agitation of cultures did not increase PO production. An initial pH between 6 and 8 resulted i

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Liu, Jifeng, Weidong Cao, Haibo Qiu, Xiuhua Sun, Xiurong Yang, and Erkang Wang. "Determination of Sulpiride by Capillary Electrophoresis with End-Column Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Detection." Clinical Chemistry 48, no. 7 (2002): 1049–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/48.7.1049.

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Abstract Background: Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)32+]-electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) detection is a promising method for clinical analysis. In this study, a method combining CE with Ru(bpy)32+ ECL (CE-ECL) detection that can be applied to amine-containing clinical species was developed, and the performance of CE-ECL as a quantitative method for determination of sulpiride in human plasma or urine was evaluated. Methods: Sulpiride was separated by capillary zone electrophoresis in uncoated fused-silica capillaries [50 cm × 25 μm (i.d.)]

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32

Nuñez, Alberto, Thomas A. Foglia та George J. Piazza. "Cofactor recycling in a coupled enzyme oxidation–reduction reaction: conversion of ω‐oxo‐fatty acids into ω‐hydroxy and dicarboxylic acids". Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 29, № 3 (1999): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-8744.1999.tb00550.x.

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Aldehydes are reduced to alcohols by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), whereas the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (AldDH) oxidizes aldehydes to carboxylic acids. ADH and AldDH require, respectively, the reduced and oxidized forms of the cofactor NAD (NAD+/NADH). By combining both oxidation and reduction reactions into one process, it is possible to produce alcohols and carboxylic acids simultaneously from aldehydes by continuous recycling of the NAD+/NADH cofactor. However, both enzymes need to be active within the same pH region and buffer system. To test this hypothesis, the pH profile

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Gowda, Jayant I., Rahul B. Kantikar, Devaraddi G. Harakuni, Kirankumar Y. Jadhav, Vinay C. Chanagoudar, and Sharanappa T. Nandibewoor. "Electrochemical Determination of Albendazole at Glassy Carbon Electrode." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 99, no. 6 (2016): 1522–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.16-0009.

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Abstract In this article, the electrochemical behavior on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was investigated and the electrochemical parameters of albendazole (ALB) were calculated. ALB effectively accumulated on the GCE surface and caused a pair of redox peaks at around 1.095 V and 1.028 V and an oxidation peak at 0.844 V (versus saturated calomel electrode) in 0.2 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 3.0). Under optimized conditions, the anodic peak current was linear to the ALB concentration the range of 1.5 × 10−7 M to 4.0 × 10−5 M. The regression equation was: Ipa (10−6 A) = 0.79 [ALB] (μM) + 0.

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Zhang, Can, Jian Rong Cai, Yu Qing Duan, and Liang Xu. "Preparation of Carbaryl-Imprinted Capillary Monolithic Column for Screening of Carbaryl from Three Carbamates Mixture." Advanced Materials Research 937 (May 2014): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.937.248.

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A carbaryl molecularly imprinted capillary monolith was prepared by organic-inorganic hybrid approach. Methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomer, γ-methacryloxypropytrimethoxysilane (γ-MAPS) as crosslinker, carbaryl as template molecule, and acetonitrile/dichloromethane mixture (v/v, 1:4) were used as porogen. The molar ratio of 1:6:8 (carbaryl:MAA: γ-MAPS, for which the retention factor k was 7.57, was expected to be highest for carbaryl on the optimum capillary monolith. The condition of 20 mmol/L phosphate buffer with pH value 3.5 containing 30% acetonitrile favored the carbaryl separati

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Lehoux, E., and H. Guderley. "Thermally induced changes in intracellular pH and modulators of phosphofructokinase in trout white muscle." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 5 (1997): 931–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.5.931.

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The intracellular pH (pHi) and the concentrations of lactate and selected modulators of phosphofructokinase (PFK; EC 2.7.1.11) were measured in white epaxial muscle of 15 &deg;C-acclimated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) maintained at 8, 15 or 22 &deg;C for 48 h and sampled at rest and after 10 min of exhaustive exercise. The lactate accumulation resulting from exercise was 13 % smaller at 22 &deg;C than at 8 and 15 &deg;C. The estimated duration of burst performance was shorter at cold than at warm temperatures, whereas the average rate of lactate accumulation during burst

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Verdon, Eric, Pierric Couëdor, Pierre Maris, et al. "Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Ampicillin Residues in Porcine Muscle Tissue by a Multipenicillin Analytical Method: European Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 85, no. 4 (2002): 889–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/85.4.889.

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Abstract A collaborative study involving 14 laboratories was conducted to determine residues of ampicillin in porcine muscle tissue by using a liquid chromatographic method developed for multipenicillin analysis that can quantitate 8 penicillin compounds (benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, and dicloxacillin) at trace levels in muscle tissue. This method involves extraction of the penicillins with phosphate buffer, pH 9, followed cleanup and concentration on a C18 solid-phase extraction column and reaction with benzoic anhydrid

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Metcalfe, George D., Thomas W. Smith, and Michael Hippler. "On-line analysis and in situ pH monitoring of mixed acid fermentation by Escherichia coli using combined FTIR and Raman techniques." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 412, no. 26 (2020): 7307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02865-5.

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Abstract We introduce an experimental setup allowing continuous monitoring of bacterial fermentation processes by simultaneous optical density (OD) measurements, long-path FTIR headspace monitoring of CO2, acetaldehyde and ethanol, and liquid Raman spectroscopy of acetate, formate, and phosphate anions, without sampling. We discuss which spectral features are best suited for detection, and how to obtain partial pressures and concentrations by integrations and least squares fitting of spectral features. Noise equivalent detection limits are about 2.6 mM for acetate and 3.6 mM for formate at 5 m

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Keskin, Ertuğrul, Shabnam Allahverdiyeva, Amer Alali, and Yavuz Yardım. "Voltammetric quantification of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent diflunisal based on the enhancement effect of cationic surfactant on boron-doped diamond electrode." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 40, no. 1 (2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2021.2172.

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The present work describes a simple, fast, and inexpensive voltammetric method for diflunisal measurement using a non-modified boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode. The oxidation of the agent was irreversible and presented a diffusion‐controlled process. The sensitivity of the square wave voltammetric measurements were significantly improved when the cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), was present in the supporting electrolyte solution. Using square-wave mode, a linear response was obtained for diflunisal quantification in 0.1 mol L-1 phosphate buffer solution (pH 2.5) s

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LIZENG, WANG, MA CHENGSONG, ZHANG XIAOLI, SHEN DAZHONG, and GUO SHOUPENG. "Adsorption Voltammetry Determination of Lysine Traces of its o-Chlorobenzaldehyde Derivative." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 75, Aug 1998 (1998): 488–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5936337.

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Chemistry College, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 P. R. China Shandong Metallurgical Institute, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China <em>Manuscript received 10 September 1997, revised 22 December 1997, accepted 10 March 1998</em> An adsorption voltammetric method for the determination of lysine is reported, based on the reduction of the Schiff base compound formed by lysine and <em>o</em>-chlorobenzaldehyde in phosphate buffer solution (pH 11.1). The Schiff base product can be adsorbed on a hanging mercury drop electrode and reduced with peak potential of about -1.15 V (vs SCE). The derivative peak

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Arkusz, Katarzyna, and Ewa Paradowska. "Impedimetric Detection of Femtomolar Levels of Interleukin 6, Interleukin 8, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Based on Thermally Modified Nanotubular Titanium Dioxide Arrays." Nanomaterials 10, no. 12 (2020): 2399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10122399.

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An inexpensive, easy to prepare, and label-free electrochemical impedance spectroscopy-based biosensor has been developed for the selective detection of human interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (CXCL8, IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα)—potential inflammatory cancer biomarkers. We describe a, so far, newly developed and unexplored method to immobilize antibodies onto a titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) array by physical adsorption. Immobilization of anti-IL-6, anti-IL-8, and anti-TNFα on TNT and the detection of human IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα were examined using electrochemical impedance spect

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Rizk, M., Maha A. Sultan, Basma M. Tawfik, and Rasha Th El-Eryan. "Highly Sensitive and Selective Sensing Probe for Determination of Anti-Covid-19 Remdesvir: Application to Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Biological Fluids." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 2 (2022): 026522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac53ca.

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We reported the first investigational electrochemical study for Remdesvir (REM). REM is a promising antiviral agent used recently for the treatment of the most dangerous pandemic disease nowadays (COVID-19). Anionic surfactant, silica nanoparticles, and multiwall carbon nanotubes modified carbon paste (SDS/SiO2/MWCNT/CPE) sensor was designed to introduce our approach. The results revealed irreversible diffusion oxidative reaction of REM with two well-defined peaks (E1/V = 1.19, E2/V = 1.35) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer of pH 6 using differential pulse (DP) voltammetry. A linear relationship betwe

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Reddy, B. V., J. Venkata Raju, M. Jalaiah, Nageswara Rao, and P. Divya. "ENHANCEMENT OF ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY AND DISSOLUTION RATE OF ACECLOFENAC USING SOLID DISPERSIONS BY DROPPING METHOD." INDIAN DRUGS 49, no. 12 (2012): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.49.12.p0036.

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In the present study, the aim was to enhance the oral bioavailability and dissolution rate of aceclofenac by solid dispersions using polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) as a carrier and to study the effect of carrier on dissolution rate. Initial studies were carried out using physical mixtures of the drug and carrier. Solid dispersions were prepared by fusion technique using dropping method. Aceclofenac was formulated as physical mixtures and solid dispersions (dropping method) using 1:2, 1:4, 1:6 and 1:8 ratios of drug and carrier (PEG 6000). Saturation solubility study for pure drug, physical mix

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Benjamin, Shiny, Roshni LNU, Sabeena Susan Thomas, and Mohan Thomas Nainan. "Grape Seed Extract as a Potential Remineralizing Agent: A Comparative in vitro Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 4 (2012): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1162.

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ABSTRACT Objective Remineralization is an effective treatment that may stop or reverse early tooth decay. Grape seed extract (GSE) is the potential remineralizing agent under investigation. Materials and methods Sound human tooth sections were obtained from the cervical portion of the root and stored in demineralizing solution at 37°C for 96 hours to induce artificial root caries lesions. The sections were divided into four treatment groups including 6.5% grape seed extract, sodium monofluorophosphate (220 ppm) with 0.05% calcium glycerophosphate, 0.5% calcium glycerophosphate and control (no

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Tchieno, Francis, Ignas Tonle, Evangeline Njanja, and Emmanuel Ngameni. "A Sensitive and Low-cost Analytical Method for the Electrochemical Determination of Quercetin, Based on 1-Ethylpyridinium Bromide/Carbon Paste Composite Electrode." International Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 2 (2015): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v7n2p27.

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We report a simple, sensitive and low-cost electrochemical procedure for the quantification of quercetin (QCT), a flavonoid and an antioxidant, based on 1-ethylpyridinium bromide modified carbon paste electrode. A 1-ethylpyridinium bromide/carbon paste composite electrode was used. The cyclic voltammogram of QCT showed two oxidation peaks at +0.575 V (vs Ag/AgCl/3M KCl) and +0.865 V (vs Ag/AgCl/3M KCl), and a reduction peak at +0.371 V (vs Ag/AgCl/3M KCl) in HCl/KCl solution at pH 1. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) analysis in HCl/KCl at pH 1 showed three well-defined oxidation peaks whil

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Gaya, Eduardo, Nieves Menendez, Eva Mazario, and Pilar Herrasti. "Fe3O4-Nanoparticle-Modified Sensor for the Detection of Dopamine, Uric Acid and Ascorbic Acid." Chemosensors 11, no. 2 (2023): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11020079.

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A simple electrochemical sensor based on electrochemically synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles was constructed by an ink with the nanoparticles, isopropanol, NAFION and carbon Vulcan to detect dopamine, uric acid and ascorbic acid. The electrocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles for the oxidation of the analyte molecules was examined by means of cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. The parameters controlling the performance of the sensor were optimized, such as the amount of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10 mg), amount of binder (5, 10, 15 µL) and carbon Vulcan in the ink (4, 6

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Chaudhry, A. S. "Estimation of in vitro degradation of dietary proteins in ruminants by using enzymes." BSAP Occasional Publication 22 (1998): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00032882.

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Protein degradation in the rumen determines the supply of dietary nitrogen (N) to microbes and undegraded amino acids for direct absorption. The current systems of feeding ruminants identify rumen degradable protein (RDP) from undegraded protein (UDP) which is digestible post ruminally (Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC), 1992; Huntington and Givens 1995). The in sacco method has been useful to estimate RDP, UDP and rate of degradation of proteins in ruminants. However, its use is constrained by the fact that it requires surgically modified animals, is laborious, inconsistent and do

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EL Ouafy, Hayat, Tarik EL Ouafy, Mustapha Oubenali, Aziz EL Haimouti, Ahmed Gamouh, and Mohamed Mbarki. "Electrocatalytic Effect of Al2O3 Supported on Clay in Oxidizing of Ibuprofen at Graphite Electrode." Methods and Objects of Chemical Analysis 16, no. 2 (2021): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/moca.2021.81-87.

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In this work, the electro-catalytic oxidation of ibuprofen was studied using aluminum oxide supported on clay (Clay/Al2O3). The latter has been successfully prepared by impregnating aluminum particles in the clay by heat treatment. The electro-catalytic performances of Clay/Al2O3 for the oxidation of ibuprofen were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry, and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in 0.1 mol L-1 of the phosphate buffer (pH = 7). It has been shown that the proposed catalyst exhibits remarkably an electro-catalytic effect performance vis-a-vis the oxidation of ibu

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Hirlekar, Sneha Dekate Shreeram, Srinivas Bhairy, Srinivas Bhairy, Rajashree Hirlekar, and Rajashree Hirlekar. "PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ORAL NANOSUSPENSION LOADED WITH CURCUMIN." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 6 (2018): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i6.22027.

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Objective: The principle objective of the present research work was to improve the bioavailability of curcumin (CUR) by decreasing its particle size. Nanosuspension (NS) of CUR was prepared using poloxamer-188 (P188) as a surfactant. The prepared NSs were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, drug loading, saturation solubility, and drug release kinetic studies.Methods: Components required for NS preparation, such as solvent, anti-solvent and surfactant were screened. Precipitation high-speed homogenization (HSH) method was used for the preparation of NS

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Sauer, S. K., C. Weidner, R. W. Carr, et al. "Can Receptor Potentials Be Detected With Threshold Tracking in Rat Cutaneous Nociceptive Terminals?" Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 1 (2005): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00655.2004.

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Threshold tracking of individual polymodal C- and Aδ-fiber terminals was used to assess membrane potential changes induced by de- or hyperpolarizing stimuli in the isolated rat skin–nerve preparation. Constant current pulses were delivered (1 Hz) through a tungsten microelectrode inserted in the receptive field, and the current amplitude was controlled by feedback with a laboratory computer programmed to serially determine the electrical threshold using the method of limits. During threshold tracking, the receptive fields of the fibers were heated (32–46°C in 210 s) or superfused with modified

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Husseın, Zhivan Tayeb Ali, and Muhammet Güler. "Development Of Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical P-Nitrophenol Sensor Based On Carboxylated Graphene Oxide Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode." Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 14, no. 4 (2024): 1649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21597/jist.1514004.

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The current work reports a new electrochemical p-nitrophenol (p-NP) sensor which depends upon the carboxyl functionalized graphene oxide (GO-COOH) modified of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed to examine the morphology of GO-COOH. The GO-COOH/GCE sensor was electrochemically characterized by means of chronoamperometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). A distinct cathodic peak of p-NP was seen on the GO-COOH/GCE in 0.1 M phos

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