Academic literature on the topic 'PH level control'

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Journal articles on the topic "PH level control"

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Yasin, Muhammad Naqiuddin Mohamad. "Freshwater pH Level Control and GUI System for Prawn Breeding." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering 9, no. 4 (2020): 5887–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2020/250942020.

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Rathedi, Maemo, Oduetse Matsebe, and Nonofo M. J. Ditshego. "Performance Evaluation of Hydroponics Control Systems for pH, Temperature, and Water Level Control." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 65 (August 8, 2023): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-rbt3yu.

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This study evaluates different control algorithms used in a hydroponic farming system to improve the quality of farm produce and resource efficiency. It focuses on three key hydroponic control parameters(potential hydrogen (pH), water level, and temperature control). Mathematical models are derived from the literature to represent hydroponic environments. These models are used for simulation purposes in MATLAB software to implement various control algorithms to evaluate their performance against each other and the system requirements utilizing transient performance parameters. Transient perfor
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Yaqin, Nurul, Ahmad Fawaid Zuhri, and Tholib Hariono. "Automatic Control of Hydroponic Plant Ph Levels Using Sensor Sku Sen 0161." NEWTON: Networking and Information Technology 1, no. 3 (2022): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32764/newton.v1i3.2094.

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The hydroponic method of growing has developed rapidly in recent years because it can save agricultural land. Hydroponic planting systems need to pay more attention to the pH content of the water because water is the main factor for the growth of hydroponic plants. So far, hydroponic owners still use manual methods to monitor Ph levels in the water, measuring PH levels using a PH meter and then giving a solution to lower or increase PH levels according to the measurement results. This activity must be done regularly to maintain plant fertility. This research develops a solution in the form of
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Fathurrahman, T. I. Nasution, H. W. Ningsih, K. Tarigan, and I. H. Pulungan. "Automatic and Realtime Control of pH Level in Water Catfish Cultivation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1428 (January 2020): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1428/1/012055.

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Md Zain, Badrul Aisham, Muhammad Farhan Khasim, Salihatun Md Salleh, and Md Saidin Wahab. "Design Concept of Two Tank Reservoirs to Maintain pH Value for Tiger Prawn." Applied Mechanics and Materials 660 (October 2014): 851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.851.

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Shrimp culture is the fastest growing sector of the aquaculture industry in Malaysia. In culturing tiger prawn, the pH level needed for water is around 7.0-8.5. Currently, prawn farmer in Malaysia still using a manual method to control the water pH level by adding chemical (Lime), in which, the process required constant monitoring and control by labor. Since the prawns are so sensitive on pH level, an automatic pH control system is required to maintain the water pH automatically and precisely. This research was conducted to design a system that can control and provide feedback on the changes o
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Gunung, I. Nyoman, I. Nengah Ludra Antara, I. Nyoman Sutarna, Kadek Agus Mahabojana D. P., and Made Dika Nugraha. "Simulation Design Of Animal Waste Treatment Installation System Using Water Level Control System." LOGIC : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi 23, no. 1 (2023): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/logic.v23i1.8-15.

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The simulation design of this animal waste treatment plant is a design that applies the sewage treatment plant system which is made to cope with environmental pollution, especially rivers due to indiscriminate disposal of animal waste. Making this animal waste treatment plant provides information to readers or the public about how to design an animal waste treatment plant system and the performance of the sewage treatment system so that people know how to deal with environmental pollution caused by the livestock themselves. The manufacture of this installation system uses data collection metho
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Rachman, Abdillah Ali, and Muhamad Ariandi. "Optimization of Catfish Pond Water pH with PID Control using Outseal PLC." Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro 5, no. 3 (2023): 398–406. https://doi.org/10.12928/biste.v5i3.8944.

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The increasing need for national consumption fish every year makes the business of cultivating consumption fish such as catfish increasingly developed. In catfish farming, the pH level factor in water affects the growth and development of catfish. If the pH level is not appropriate, it causes catfish disease and catfish appetite decreases. So it is necessary to control the pH level of water automatically which makes it easy to maintain pH levels in fish ponds using PID control. The system is designed using Outseal which is an Arduino bootloader-based PLC (Progammable Logic Control) which is op
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Zainudin, M. R., H. W. You, K. E. Lee, and A. M. Zahidi. "Quality Control Assessment in the River of Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1135, no. 1 (2023): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1135/1/012003.

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Abstract This paper investigates the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and the pH level along Jelok River, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. The BOD and pH level are of major interest as microbial activity. Five water sampling locations along the river have been selected. To test the pH level of each water sample, a pH meter was used. To test the BOD of each water sample, the 5-days BOD test was conducted. Using the collected data, the Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the pH and BOD was calculated. The computed Pearson correlation coefficient is -0.67988, indicating that pH does affect BOD of
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Panjapornpon, Chanin, Patcharapol Chinchalongporn, Santi Bardeeniz, Ratthanita Makkayatorn, and Witchaya Wongpunnawat. "Reinforcement Learning Control with Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Algorithm for Multivariable pH Process." Processes 10, no. 12 (2022): 2514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10122514.

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The pH treatment unit is widely used in various processes, such as wastewater treatment, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and fermentation. It is essential to get the on-specifications product. Thus, controlling pH is key management for accomplishing the manufacturing objective. However, the highly nonlinear pH characteristics of acid–base titration make pH regulation difficult. Applications of artificial intelligence for process control have progressed and gained popularity recently. The development of reinforcement learning (RL) control with a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm
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Abdullah, Abdullah, and Silvy Asri Ramadhani Siregar. "CONTROL SYSTEM OF SWIMMING POOL BASED pH LEVEL, RAINFALL AND LIGHT INTENSITY." FISITEK : Jurnal Ilmu Fisika dan Teknologi 4, no. 1 (2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/fisitek.v4i1.8066.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PH level control"

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Favaro, Juliana. "Controle preditivo aplicado à planta piloto de neutralização de pH." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3139/tde-16072013-170810/.

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Uma das técnicas de controle avançado que vem ganhando destaque no cenário econômico e ecológico, focando maior sustentabilidade e a otimização dos processos, é o controle preditivo, o qual já vem sendo aplicado em indústrias químicas e petroquímicas. Esta dissertação trata do desenvolvimento de um controle preditivo aplicado a uma planta piloto de neutralização de pH, presente no Laboratório de Controle de Processos Industriais da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo. O desenvolvimento do projeto pode ser dividido em quatro etapas: implementação das malhas de controle regulatório,
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De, La Cruz Anthony, Jaime Cardenas, and Leonardo Vinces. "Development of a Machine to Control the Level of Washing in Panca Chili Seeds." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653774.

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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.<br>The washing of Panca chili seeds requires innovative solutions that allow controlling this process. It is necessary to handle variables (conductivity, pH, colorimetry) in the face of the challenge of working with small seeds. At present, there are no machines that are dedicated to the washing of this type of seeds, since in many companies this work is done manually, which is not the one indicated because this technique cannot guarantee homogene
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Book chapters on the topic "PH level control"

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Varfolomeev, Sergey, Viktor Bykov, and Svetlana Tsybenova. "Kinetic modelling of processes in the cholinergic synapse. Mechanisms of functioning and control methods." In ORGANOPHOSPHORUS NEUROTOXINS. Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/22_127-139.

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The kinetic model describing the dynamics of synaptic “discharge” taking into account the kinetics of the injection of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, the pH-dependence of catalytic activity of the enzyme and diffusion withdrawal of protons is proposed and studied. In the framework of the kinetic model, the functioning of the cholinergic synapse is considered. The results of mathematical modeling of changes in the level of acetylcholine, induced pH impulse, the influence of the frequency of impulse transfer and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase are presented. Physico-chemical ex
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Varfolomeev, Sergey, Viktor Bykov, and Svetlana Tsybenova. "Kinetic modelling of processes in the cholinergic synapse. Mechanisms of functioning and control methods." In Organophosphorous Neurotoxins. Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/chapter_5e4132b600e1c6.27895580.

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The kinetic model describing the dynamics of synaptic “discharge” taking into account the kinetics of the injection of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, the pH-dependence of catalytic activity of the enzyme and diffusion withdrawal of protons is proposed and studied. In the framework of the kinetic model, the functioning of the cholinergic synapse is considered. The results of mathematical modeling of changes in the level of acetylcholine, induced pH impulse, the influence of the frequency of impulse transfer and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase are presented. Physico-chemical ex
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Eck, Mathilde, Oliver Körner, and M. Haïssam Jijakli. "Nutrient Cycling in Aquaponics Systems." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_9.

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AbstractIn aquaponics, nutrients originate mainly from the fish feed and water inputs in the system. A substantial part of the feed is ingested by the fish and either used for growth and metabolism or excreted as soluble and solid faeces, while the rest of any uneaten feed decays in the tanks. While the soluble excretions are readily available for the plants, the solid faeces need to be mineralised by microorganisms in order for its nutrient content to be available for plant uptake. It is thus more challenging to control the available nutrient concentrations in aquaponics than in hydroponics.
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Blain Grégory. "Control of Breathing: Regulation of Exercise Hypernea." In Biomedical and Health Research. IOS Press, 2010. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-497-9-78.

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In healthy humans at sea level, alveolar ventilation is precisely regulated to match metabolic rate and maintain pH and arterial partial pressure of dioxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) at, or close to, resting levels over a wide range of workloads. However, the mechanism that links ventilation to O2demand and metabolic CO2production remains highly controversial.
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"Control of Drug Degradation." In Organic Chemistry of Drug Degradation. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781849734219-00262.

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This final chapter provides a high level overview of the strategies for controlling drug degradation based on the understanding of the degradation pathways and mechanisms. The overview consists of thirteen discussion topics, which cover the strategies for controlling drug degradation from the perspectives of (1) early phase drug design and development, (2) consideration of multiple degradation pathways, (3) formulation development with regard to the use of antioxidants, preservatives, chelating agents, control of pH, variability of excipient impurities, and the use of excipients that shield or
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Kumara, Varuna, T. A. Mohanaprakash, Shaik Fairooz, K. Jamal, T. Babu, and Sampath B. "Experimental Study on a Reliable Smart Hydroponics System." In Human Agro-Energy Optimization for Business and Industry. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4118-3.ch002.

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Hydroponics is becoming increasingly popular because it can be used in unconventional locations such as inside warehouses, marginal lands, and water-scarce regions. Hydrogen (pH), nutrient level, water level, temperature, and other parameters must be monitored on a daily basis in a typical hydroponic design. A hydroponic setup that is not dependent on the environment outside has been developed. The technology consumes less water and fertiliser as compared to a soil-based system. This system uses the idea of a relay and alarm connected to a microcontroller to make sure that nutrient solution is
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Kanakarani, Dr P., Dr J. Sathya, Dr R. Thiruppathi, Dr J. Gayathri, and Dr M. Babu. "AN ANALYSIS OF TRIBUTARIES POLLUTION IN TAMIL NADU." In Futuristic Trends in Social Sciences Volume 3 Book 23. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bjso23ch4.

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Due to industrialization, urbanization and economic development the level of pollution in rivers is rapidly rising. The failure to control and prevent the level of water pollution had increased the demand for fresh water. Tamil Nadu, the Southern state India had 17 river basins, of which Cauvery is the major one. Apart from 17 river basins, there are many small rivers and tributaries in Tamil Nadu which are ephemeral in nature joining the major river. The Central Pollution Control Board has identified that nine rivers in Tamil Nadu such as Adyar, Amravati, Bhavani, Cauvery, Palar, Sarabanga, T
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P. Uspensky, Yury, Natalia V. Baryshnikova, Yulia A. Fominykh, Alexey A. Krasnov, Sergey V. Petlenko, and Vera A. Apryatina. "Alpha-Glutamyl-Tryptophan in the Treatment of Chronic Atrophic Gastritis, Associated with Helicobacter pylori." In Helicobacter pylori Infection - An Up to Date on the Pathogenic Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Clinical Management [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108346.

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To evaluate the effectiveness of alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan as a cytoprotector in comparison with the control group (placebo) as part of the complex therapy of chronic atrophic H. pylori (HP)-associated gastritis. A total of 121 patients with chronic atrophic HP-associated gastritis were observed in 3 research centers. Before and after treatment blood test “Gastropanel”, stomach endoscopy with biopsies of atrophied mucosa for histological examination, rapid urease test for H. pylori detection, and daily pH-metry were performed. After HP eradication, according to randomization, the study drug (n
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Nwulu, Nnamdi, Darshal Suka, and Eustace Dogo. "Automated Hydroponic System Integrated With an Android Smartphone Application." In Examining the Impact of Deep Learning and IoT on Multi-Industry Applications. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7511-6.ch013.

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Hydroponics farming is fast gaining acceptance globally as an alternative and viable method of farming, instigated by the contemporary challenges posed by climate change, exploding population growth, and global food insecurity. Hydroponics farming can be greatly improved by leveraging on innovative technological advances that will allow for the effective and efficient utiliza-tion of limited natural resources such as water, energy (sunlight), and dwindling agricultural farmlands, consequently resulting in higher yields. This paper presents the design and implementation of an automated flood an
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Nnaemeka, Stephen, and Cosmas Chikezie. "Activated Charcoal: A Novel Utility Product for Enhanced Animal Health and Production from Agricultural Wastes (Pig Dung and Palm Oil Wastes)." In Agricultural Waste - New Insights [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107484.

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Feed remains the most important component of the cost of production in any poultry operations. Hence, the need to harness the potentials of numerous alternative ingredients such as activated charcoal (AC) produced from agricultural wastes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the physic-chemical properties of AC produced from a blend of agro-wastes for use as feed additives. 120 day old broilers were distributed into four treatment groups (T1-T4) of thirty birds each and were maintained on a starter and finisher diet for 3 weeks each respectively with T1 (control) fed diet contai
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Conference papers on the topic "PH level control"

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Mouleeshuwarapprabu, R., K. Rajkumar, T. Kalavathidevi, S. Suganth, and P. Revathi. "Wireless Process Control For Monitoring Level and pH of Water." In 2024 15th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt61001.2024.10724633.

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Ghaziof, Soroor, Keith Lichti, Kazumi Osato, et al. "Application of Corrosion Inhibitors for K55 Casing Corrosion Control in Acidic Geothermal Well Fluids." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-11066.

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Abstract Many acidic geothermal wells with low-carbon steel casing materials benefit from the application of pH control chemicals such as NaOH. However, at high temperatures this can result in rapid scaling by anhydrite. In addition oxidation of iron in acid wells can lead to reductive deposition of heavy metals and in localized galvanic corrosion. Control of production fluid pH can require frequent adjustment of the NaOH addition. Corrosion inhibitors have been proposed as an alternative to pH adjustment in mildly acidic geothermal wells both for control of corrosion and scaling as well as fo
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Yépez, Omar, Nihal Obeyesekere, and Jonathan Wylde. "Study of Sour Corrosion Mechanism under Controlled pH." In CORROSION 2016. NACE International, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2016-07795.

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Abstract In order to control and predict the influence of hydrogen sulfide on carbon steel corrosion, it is of a paramount importance to understand its corrosion mechanism. What is the mechanism and kinetics of formation and growth of a FeS layer? Highlight as a very important issue because of the different electrochemical roles that these corrosion products can accomplish. One of these roles is to assist the hydrogen evolution reaction, where the iron sulfide corrosion product will act as a cathode. However, another role could be its direct action as a cathodic fuel. In this paper, it was fou
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Kittel, J., F. Grosjean, G. R. Joshi, G. Parer, F. Quinio, and JC Brevot. "A Study of the Compatibility of Carbon Steel for MEG Reclaiming Systems: Impact of pH Adjustment." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19467.

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Abstract In this communication, we will describe an integrated monoethylene (MEG)-reclaiming process using carbon steels metallurgy for most of the lines and vessels that handle MEG slurry solutions. Due to the potentially highly corrosive conditions in this type of facility, corrosion resistant alloys such as duplex stainless steels often constitute the preferred option for this process. The aim of this work is to check if carbon steels represent a viable alternative. Corrosion tests were conducted on carbon steel (UNS K02100) and a duplex stainless steel (UNS S32205) at 120°C in MEG solution
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Harvey, J. E., and J. S. Roti. "Handling System Upsets Using High Phosphate Corrosion Inhibitor Programs: New Polymer Technology Reduces Operating Problems." In CORROSION 1988. NACE International, 1988. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1988-88021.

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Abstract High phosphate-based cooling water treatment programs have been used extensively throughout industry over the past 8-10 years. Although corrosion protection and deposit control can be achieved at a cost-effective level, a primary drawback of these treatments has been the necessity of very tight system control. Cycles of concentration must be maintained to limit calcium and iron levels in the water, pH must be controlled within acceptable parameters and the concentration of phosphate corrosion inhibitor and deposit control agent must also be tightly controlled in order to achieve low c
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Tomlin, John L. "Hints on Improving Microbiological Control in Cooling Water." In CORROSION 1985. NACE International, 1985. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1985-85295.

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Abstract The importance of controlling microbial growth is vital to the success of an overall cooling water treatment program. A basic understanding of the factors that can affect microbial growth rates, and the effectiveness of generic microbiocides used in the industry today, can be very helpful in designing and maintaining a control program. The relevance of cooling system factors such as pH, organic loading and process contaminants toward optimum efficiency of certain microbiocide compounds, along with the impact on performance of microbial immunity, the concentration of a microbiocide and
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Emygdio, Guilherme, and Annelise Zeemann. "Failures of 17-4 PH Steel Parts in Non Sour Environments." In CORROSION 2014. NACE International, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2014-4298.

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Abstract 17-4 PH material is a Cr-Ni low carbon martensitic stainless steel containing Cu as the precipitation hardening element, to be solution annealed and aged (or double aged) to acquire different levels of strength, usually higher than 100 ksi (689 MPa) Yield Strength. This material is adopted for parts like stems and springs, where any corrosion damage may affect the component functionality. The main nightmare of a designer that selects a corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) is that the future operational environment sometimes may be not exactly the one analyzed when the materials selection w
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Noland, James, David Comer, Parag Shah, and Nigel Hilton. "Work Life Balance – Revisiting the Relationship between Desalting Efficiency and Overhead Corrosion Control." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09514.

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Abstract It has been well documented that improved desalting efficiency reduces the risk of corrosion and vice versa. The work life balance of the refinery corrosion engineer is frequently challenged by concerns that the risk of overhead corrosion is increasing as refineries process more challenging crudes and run lengths increase. One component of this problem is the risk of ammonia and amine salt formation. As the concentration of ammonia and amines increase, the probability of salt formation increases. Computer modelling is employed to calculate this risk and to assure the selection of a ne
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Bennett, Jack, John Bartholomew, and Thomas Turk. "Cathodic Protection Criteria Related Studies under SHRP Contract." In CORROSION 1993. NACE International, 1993. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1993-93323.

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Abstract Criteria related studies have been conducted under SHRP Contract C-102D for the cathodic protection of reinforced concrete structures. Corrosion rate studies were conducted in a packed bed of sand wetted with simulated pore water solution to facilitate weight loss measurements. Corrosion rates were determined in such cells as a function of chloride concentration, pH and temperature at various levels of cathodic protection current. Corrosion rate was found to be especially sensitive to chloride concentration and pH. Cathodic protection current was found to be a highly effective means o
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Gerios, Veronica Lynn, Natalie Becerra-Stasiewicz, Sean Morefield, and Cristina Fleig Mayer. "Visualizing Correlations of Water Quality and Cathodic Protection Parameters." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19333.

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Abstract Two remote monitoring &amp; control units (RMCU) and four remote monitoring units (RMU) were installed at the cathodic protection systems on Selden Lock &amp; Dam. Water quality parameters recorded upstream from Selden Lock &amp; Dam were correlated to different remote monitoring unit parameters. For RMUs, coupon AC current density, coupon DC current density, structure AC potential, structure DC potential, and coupon DC instant off measurements were compared to temperature, specific conductance, total dissolved solids, pH, and dissolved oxygen. For RMCUs, rectifier downstream current,
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Reports on the topic "PH level control"

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Shomer, Ilan, Ruth E. Stark, Victor Gaba, and James D. Batteas. Understanding the hardening syndrome of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber tissue to eliminate textural defects in fresh and fresh-peeled/cut products. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587238.bard.

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The project sought to understand factors and mechanisms involved in the hardening of potato tubers. This syndrome inhibits heat softening due to intercellular adhesion (ICA) strengthening, compromising the marketing of industrially processed potatoes, particularly fresh peeled-cut or frozen tubers. However, ICA strengthening occurs under conditions which are inconsistent with the current ideas that relate it to Ca-pectate following pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity or to formation of rhamnogalacturonan (RG)-II-borate. First, it was necessary to induce strengthening of the middle lamellar c
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Weinberg, Zwi G., Adegbola Adesogan, Itzhak Mizrahi, Shlomo Sela, Kwnag Jeong, and Diwakar Vyas. effect of selected lactic acid bacteria on the microbial composition and on the survival of pathogens in the rumen in context with their probiotic effects on ruminants. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598162.bard.

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This research project was performed in context of the apparent probiotic effect of selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) silage inoculants on the performance of ruminants (improved feed intake, faster live-weight gain, higher milk yields and improved feed efficiency). The overall objective was to find out how LAB affect ruminant performance. The project included several “chapters” as follows: 1. The effect of LAB silage inoculants on the survival of detrimental bacteria in rumen fluid, in vitro study (Weinberg et al., The Volcani Center). An in vitro model was developed to study the interaction
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Droby, Samir, Michael Wisniewski, Ron Porat, and Dumitru Macarisin. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Tritrophic Interactions in Postharvest Biocontrol Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7594390.bard.

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To elucidate the role of ROS in the tri-trophic interactions in postharvest biocontrol systems a detailed molecular and biochemical investigation was undertaken. The application of the yeast biocontrol agent Metschnikowia fructicola, microarray analysis was performed on grapefruit surface wounds using an Affymetrix Citrus GeneChip. the data indicated that 1007 putative unigenes showed significant expression changes following wounding and yeast application relative to wounded controls. The expression of the genes encoding Respiratory burst oxidase (Rbo), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
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Blumwald, Eduardo, and Avi Sadka. Sugar and Acid Homeostasis in Citrus Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697109.bard.

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Citrus fruit quality standards have been determined empirically, depending on species and on the particular growing regions. In general, the TSS (total soluble solids) to total acidity (TA) ratio determines whether citrus fruit can be marketed. Soluble sugars account for most of the TSS during harvest while TA is determined almost solely by the citric acid content, which reaches levels of 1-5% by weight in many cultivated varieties. Acid and sugar homeostasis in the fruit is critical for the management of existing cultivars, the development of new cultivars, the improvement of pre- and post-ha
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Prusky, Dov, Noel T. Keen, and Stanley Freeman. Elicitation of Preformed Antifungal Compounds by Non-Pathogenic Fungus Mutants and their Use for the Prevention of Postharvest Decay in Avocado Fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7570573.bard.

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C. gloeosporioides attacks unripe avocado fruits in the orchard. Germinated spores produce appressoria that germinate and breach the cuticle, but the resultant subcuticular hyphae become quiescent and do not develop further until fruit is harvested and ripens. Resistance of unripe avocado to attach by C. gloeosporioides is correlated with the presence of fungitoxic concentrations of the preformed antifungal compound, 1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxoheneicosa-12, 15 diene in the pericarp of unripe fruits. The objective of this proposal was to study the signal transduction process by which elicitors in
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Hackbarth, Carolyn, and Rebeca Weissinger. Water quality in the Northern Colorado Plateau Network: Water years 2016–2018 (revised with cost estimate). National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279508.

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Water-quality monitoring in National Park Service units of the Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) is made possible through partnerships between the National Park Service Inventory &amp; Monitoring Division, individual park units, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Utah Division of Water Quality. This report evaluates data from site visits at 62 different locations on streams, rivers, and reservoirs in or near ten NCPN park units between October 1, 2015 and September 30, 2018. Data are compared to state water-quality standards for the purpose of providing information to park managers abou
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