Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Phaeodactylum tricornutum'
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Lin, Xin. "Charaterization of the Phaeodactylum tricornutum epigenome." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112235/document.
Full textDNA methylation is the most extensively studied and widely conserved epigenetic mark. Here the first whole genome methylome from a stramenopile, the marine model diatom P. tricornutum is reported. In P. tricornutum, around 6% of the genome was methylated in a mosaic landscape. Extensive methylation in transposable elements (TEs), especially in recently amplified Copia-like elements was found. Over 320 genes were found methylated occurring in three different genomic contexts: in the proximity of TEs, in clusters of methylated genes, and in single genes. Furthermore, genes extensively and completely methylated correlated strongly with transcriptional silencing and differential expression under specific conditions. Finally, it was found that genes likely acquired by horizontal gene transfer from bacteria were preferentially inserted within TE-rich regions, suggesting a mechanism whereby the expression of foreign genes can be buffered following their insertion in the genome. In general, P. tricornutum has low DNA methylation with relatively extensive DNA methylation on TEs and a few methylated genes. This first Stramenopile methylome adds significantly to our understanding of the evolution of DNA methylation in eukaryotes. As for the histone modifications, genome wide distribution of H3K4me2, H3K9me2 and H3K27me3 were examined in P. tricornutum. H3K4me2 is mainly associated with genes while both H3K9me2 and H3K27me3 marks target mainly transposable elements (TEs). The distribution of H3K27me3 is unusual and different from what have been profiled in model species so far. The genes marked by H3K27me3 tend to be lowly and differentially expressed. H3K27me3 and H3K9me2 tend to co-mark not only methylated TEs but also heavily methylated genes, which appears to be important for maintaining the silencing of differentially expressed genes. The combinatorial analysis of different histone marks and DNA methylation gave us an overview of diatom chromatin landscapes, and will help to define conserved structural and functional features
Singh, Dipali. "Genome scale metabolic modelling of Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2017. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/25847ffb-0605-4572-9165-a07c849f83c7/1/.
Full textFigueiredo, Bruna Flávia Henriques Tavares. "Carotenoids extraction from the microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/19136.
Full textMicroalgae have been attracting a crescent attention regarding either the potential use of their biomass or the wide range of compounds of interest that they have in their constitution, which can be extracted and applied in several fields of industry, namely carotenoids and in particular fucoxanthin.. Fucoxanthin is a photosynthetic pigment, with numerous applications and benefits, namely in the human healthrelated domains, due to its high antioxidant properties, essential in the prevention and treatment of several diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Hereupon, the development of a feasible route for the production of carotenoids rich in fucoxanthin which could allow its commercialization is of utmost scientific, industrial and even social relevance. The Phaeodactylum tricornutum species is being reported as a relevant producer of fucoxanthin. Still, there are no economic feasible extraction methods for the carotenoids, and in particular fucoxanthin, considering their efficient obtainment with high purity levels. Thus, this work is aiming at the development of a sustainable and feasible production and extraction platform for the extraction of carotenoids (and fucoxanthin) from Phaeodactylum tricornutum. In this sense, a conventional methodology was optimized, as well as a novel extraction methodology based on alternative tensioactive solvents, exclusively in aqueous solution, namely common surfactants, copolymers and tensioactive ionic liquids. Regarding the alternative method developed, it was possible to achieve a final extraction of 32.67 mgcarotenoids/gbiomass with the ionic liquid [C18mim]Cl and 10.69 mgfucoxanthin/gbiomass with [C14mim]Cl, similar values or even superior when compared with those found for the conventional methodology. At the end, the achievement of fucoxanthin in its purest form is foreseen for further industrial application.
As microalgas têm vindo a despertar cada vez mais interesse pelas potencialidades de utilização da biomassa como um todo, quer pela diversidade de compostos de interesse que as constituem, com aplicações variadas, como é o caso dos carotenóides e, em particular, da fucoxantina. Fucoxantina é um pigmento fotossintético com inúmeras aplicações e benefícios, nomeadamente na área da saúde, pelasua elevada atividade antioxidante, importante na prevenção e tratamento de várias doenças, como o cancro e doenças cardiovasculares. Desta forma, é de interesse científico, industrial e mesmo social, o desenvolvimento de uma plataforma economicamente eficiente de produção e extração destes carotenóides que permitam o seu uso em larga escala, visando assim a sua aplicação industrial. Existem diversos estudos que apontam as microalgas como grandes produtoras deste pigmento, nomeadamente a espécie Phaeodactylum tricornutum. No entanto, os métodos de extração e purificação de carotenóides e em particular de fucoxantina que permitam a recuperação destes compostos com elevado grau de pureza são ainda algo deficitários, no que diz respeito ao seu elevado impacto económico e ambiental. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho recai no desenvolvimento de uma plataforma rentável para produção e extração de carotenóides (e fucoxantina) a partir da microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Para tal, o método de extração convencional foi otimizado, assim como foi desenvolvido um método de extração alternativo recorrendo ao uso de solventes alternativos com natureza tensioativa exclusivamente em solução aquosa, nomeadamente surfactantes comuns, copolímeros e líquidos iónicos tensioativos. A partir deste método alternativo foi possível extrair um total de 32.67 mgcarotenoides/gbiomassa com o [C18mim]Cl e 10.69 mgfucoxantina/gbiomassa com [C14mim]Cl, valores semelhantes ou mesmo superiores aos obtidos pelo método convencional.
Kilian, Oliver. "Investigations on functional aspects of secondary endocytobiosis using the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum as a model organism." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=973266724.
Full textDolch, Lina-Juana. "Glycerolipid metabolism and regulation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Nannochloropsis gaditana." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV026/document.
Full textPhaeodactylum and Nannochloropsis are photosynthetic model species for glycerolipid metabolism, standing out by an enrichment of very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs) and high contents of neutral lipids such as triacylglycerol (TAG). Lipid profiles are influenced by environmental factors. We characterized the lipid remodelling occurring in Phaeodactylum in response to nitrogen and phosphate starvation. Nutrient limitations induce neutral lipid accumulation, which may be exploited as biofuels. We identified new triggers of TAG accumulation and investigated a potential role of nitric oxide (NO•) as second messenger in the regulation of neutral lipid levels. We conclude that in dependence of the production site, NO• serves as a signalling molecule for critical life conditions and thereby triggers TAG accumulation.VLC-PUFAs are produced by ER-located elongases and desaturases. We identified a novel class of elongases, called Δ0-ELOs, acting on saturated fatty acids, most importantly 16:0. Knock out of Δ0-ELO1 in Nannochloropsis resulted in reduced monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) levels. MGDG is the major chloroplast lipid. This indicated a role of this initial elongase in fatty acid fate determination and thus in the elusive “omega pathway” for VLC-PUFA trafficking. We have started to investigate the “omega pathway” by reverse genetic approaches and analyses of low-temperature induced lipid remodelling in Nannochloropsis. Diacylglyceryl hydroxymethyltrimethyl-β-serine (DGTS) appears most likely at the base for the chloroplast import of VLC-PUFA, following a dynamically regulated DGTS-to-MGDG pathway. Additionally, we gave insights into possible functions of MGDG and VLC-PUFA in photoprotection and regulation of membrane fluidity
Materna, Arne Christian. "Development of molecular tools in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-52997.
Full textVillanova, Valeria. "Identification du mécanisme de la mixotrophie chez Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV053/document.
Full textDiatoms are photosynthetic organisms with a strong influence on the global biogeochemistry. Moreover, they are extremely interesting as potential feedstocks for the production of high-value molecules and biofuel. They are endosymbiotic organisms originated by the fusion of a heterotrophic ancestor with one or more photosynthetic microalgae. This has led to an extremely flexible cell metabolism. Like other microalgae, diatoms are able to grow in the presence of both light and of a reduced carbon source. The simultaneous use of photosynthesis and respiration can increase biomass productivity and reduce the energy cost of the industrial exploitation of diatoms.In this project, the mechanism and the consequences of mixotrophic metabolism have been studied in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. In the first part, I have studied the molecular mechanism governing the interactions between chloroplast and mitochondrion. We have demonstrated that the NADPH generated in the plastid is exported to the mitochondrion to generate additional ATP, which, once back to the plastid, is used for carbon fixation. Overall, this work shows that the interaction between these two organelles increases carbon fixation and growth in diatoms. We hence suggest that the simultaneous use of carbon and light energy sources (i.e. mixotrophy) should enhance biomass productivity in diatoms. This hypothesis has been tested in the second part of my thesis, where I focused on the consequences of mixotrophy on metabolism. By combining metabolomic, transcriptomic, lipidomic and physiology approaches, I have contributed to elucidate the main pathways targeted by mixotrophy (central carbon, lipid and storage carbon metabolism). In the last part of this work, I have worked on improving the culture conditions and medium composition to boost microalgal productivity by mixotrophy. These conditions have been scaled-up in lab scale photobioreactors, revealing the industrial exploitation potential of Phaeodactylum
Rastogi, Achal. "Phaeodactylum tricornutum genome and epigenome : characterization of natural variants." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE048/document.
Full textSince the discovery of Phaeodactylum tricornutum by Bohlin in 1897, its classification within the tree of life has been controversial. It was in 1958 when Lewin, using oval and fusiform morphotypes, described multiple characteristic features of this species that resemble diatoms structure, the debate to whether classify P. tricornutum as a member of Bacillariophyceae was ended. To this point three morphotypes (oval, fusiform and triradiate) of Phaeodactylum tricornutum have been observed. Over the course of approximately 100 years, from 1908 till 2000, 10 strains of Phaeodactylum tricornutum (referred to asecotypes) have been collected and stored axenically as cryopreserved stocks at various stock centers. Various cellular and molecular tools have been established to dissect and understand the physiology and evolution of P. tricornutum, and/or diatoms in general. It is because of decades of research and efforts by many laboratories that now P. tricornutum is considered to be a model diatom species. My thesis majorly focuses in understanding the genetic and epigenetic makeup of P. tricornutum genome to decipher the underlying morphological and physiological diversity within different ecotype populations. To do so, I established the epigenetic landscape within P. tricornutum genome using various histone post-translational modification marks (chapter 1 and chapter 2) and also compared the natural variation in the distribution of some key histone PTMs between two ecotype populations (chapter 4). We also generated a genome-wide genetic diversity map across 10 ecotypes of P. tricornutum revealing the presence of a species-complex within the genus Phaeodactylum as aconsequence of ancient hybridization (Chapter 3). Based on the evidences from many previous reports and similar observations within P. tricornutum, we propose natural hybridization as a strong and potential foundation for explaining unprecedented species diversity within the diatom clade. Moreover, we updated the functional and structural annotations of P. tricornutum genome (Phatr3, chapter 2) and developed a user-friendly software algorithm to fetch CRISPR/Cas9 targets, which is a basis to perform knockout studies using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing protocol, in 13 phytoplankton genomes including P. tricornutum (chapter 5). To accomplish all this, I used various state-of-the-art technologies like Mass-Spectrometry, ChIPsequencing, Whole genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, CRISPR genome editing protocols and several computational softwares/pipelines. In brief, the thesis work provides a comprehensive platform for future epigenetic, genetic and functional molecular studies in diatoms using Phaeodactylum tricornutum as a model. The work is an addon value to the current state of diatom research by answering questions that have never been asked before and opens a completely new horizon and demand of epigenetics research that underlie the ecological success of diatoms in modern-day ocean
Rastogi, Achal. "Phaeodactylum tricornutum genome and epigenome : characterization of natural variants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE048.
Full textSince the discovery of Phaeodactylum tricornutum by Bohlin in 1897, its classification within the tree of life has been controversial. It was in 1958 when Lewin, using oval and fusiform morphotypes, described multiple characteristic features of this species that resemble diatoms structure, the debate to whether classify P. tricornutum as a member of Bacillariophyceae was ended. To this point three morphotypes (oval, fusiform and triradiate) of Phaeodactylum tricornutum have been observed. Over the course of approximately 100 years, from 1908 till 2000, 10 strains of Phaeodactylum tricornutum (referred to asecotypes) have been collected and stored axenically as cryopreserved stocks at various stock centers. Various cellular and molecular tools have been established to dissect and understand the physiology and evolution of P. tricornutum, and/or diatoms in general. It is because of decades of research and efforts by many laboratories that now P. tricornutum is considered to be a model diatom species. My thesis majorly focuses in understanding the genetic and epigenetic makeup of P. tricornutum genome to decipher the underlying morphological and physiological diversity within different ecotype populations. To do so, I established the epigenetic landscape within P. tricornutum genome using various histone post-translational modification marks (chapter 1 and chapter 2) and also compared the natural variation in the distribution of some key histone PTMs between two ecotype populations (chapter 4). We also generated a genome-wide genetic diversity map across 10 ecotypes of P. tricornutum revealing the presence of a species-complex within the genus Phaeodactylum as aconsequence of ancient hybridization (Chapter 3). Based on the evidences from many previous reports and similar observations within P. tricornutum, we propose natural hybridization as a strong and potential foundation for explaining unprecedented species diversity within the diatom clade. Moreover, we updated the functional and structural annotations of P. tricornutum genome (Phatr3, chapter 2) and developed a user-friendly software algorithm to fetch CRISPR/Cas9 targets, which is a basis to perform knockout studies using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing protocol, in 13 phytoplankton genomes including P. tricornutum (chapter 5). To accomplish all this, I used various state-of-the-art technologies like Mass-Spectrometry, ChIPsequencing, Whole genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, CRISPR genome editing protocols and several computational softwares/pipelines. In brief, the thesis work provides a comprehensive platform for future epigenetic, genetic and functional molecular studies in diatoms using Phaeodactylum tricornutum as a model. The work is an addon value to the current state of diatom research by answering questions that have never been asked before and opens a completely new horizon and demand of epigenetics research that underlie the ecological success of diatoms in modern-day ocean
Gaeta, Salvador Airton. "COMPARACAO DAS RESPOSTAS DE CRESCIMENTO E FOTOSSINTESE DE TRES CLONES DE PHAEODACTYLUM TRICORNUTUM." Universidade de São Paulo, 1985. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21131/tde-16062010-145335/.
Full textA comparison of the maximum growth rates, primary productivity on chlorophyll -a and cell basis, and maximum yield achieved in batch culture of three clones of Phaeodactylum tricornutum has been carried out in order to cheek intraespecifie differences among them. Two of the clones were isolated from samples of Uba-tuba (U3, isolated in 1972 and U5, in 1979 ), while the third one was isolated from samples of Cananéia (C1, isolated in 1980). Three-way analysis of variance was accom-plished and cluster analysis was carried out to distinguish the experimental conditions in which the clones would show distinct physiological responses. During the log phase of growth the three clones usually presented fusiform type of cells. Never theless, rare oval and triradiate cells have been observed. The pattern of the growth curves submitted todifferent temperatures (16,20,24º C) and media (Guillard f1. Erd-Schreiber, ASP2) was the same for the three clones. The results indieated significant differenees in growth rates and primary productivity. Oval morphotypes in clusters have been observed in all clones after the log phase under exausted media. The clone U5 has exhibited this be haviour in a prominent way. Many star-shape clusters, constituted of fusiform morphotypes linked by one of the extremities of each cell were observed in clone Cl. Un the other hand, triradiate and cruciform cells, and the formation of chains, were observed only in clone U3.
Desbois, Andrew P. "Antibacterial free fatty acids from the marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/568.
Full textMaumus, Florian. "Transcriptional and Epigenetic regulation in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Phd thesis, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris - ENS Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00475588.
Full textKhalyfa, Abdelnaby. "Extraction, purification and characterization of chlorophyllase from alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41110.
Full textPyszniak, Andrew M. (Andrew Michael). "Functional organization of the chloroplast in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60095.
Full textSerif, Manuel [Verfasser]. "Characterization of Aureochromes in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum / Manuel Serif." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1171131739/34.
Full textAbida, Heni. "Characterization of lipid metabolism in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS231.
Full textThe ocean dominates the surface of our planet and plays a major role in regulating the biosphere. For example, the microscopic photosynthetic organisms living in the ocean provide 50% of the oxygen we breathe every year, and much of our food and mineral resources are extracted from the ocean. In a time of ecological crisis linked to the accumulation of anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, we must investigate more sustainable energies than fossil fuels. Much attention has been given to biodiesel but so far most efforts to efficiently produce triacylglycerols in microalgae have focused on green algae. In this thesis I propose approaches to better understand another type of microalgae that is significantly divergent from green lineages: diatoms. Diatoms are a major phylum of phytoplankton in the ocean and account for 40% of marine primary productivity. While diatoms appear to be at least as effective as green algae for producing lipids, the fatty acid and glycerolipid biosynthetic pathways leading to their production have not yet been well characterized. Therefore, I propose to better characterize these pathways in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum in order to help unlock the potential of diatoms for lipid-based biotechnological applications.In this thesis, I discuss our attempts to establish a reference for the glycerolipidome of P. tricornutum and of our assessment of the lipid remodeling and accumulation that occurs in response to nitrogen- and phosphorus-starvation. A range of accessions of P. tricornutum isolated from different parts of the ocean were also examined to compare their responses to nutrient deprivation. We found that the metabolic response leading to lipid accumulation in different nutrient-deprived conditions are distinct. Nitrogen-deprivation appears to trigger the recycling of chloroplastic galactoglycerolipids as well as a strong increase in de novo fatty acid synthesis while the response to phosphorus-deprivation was more severe as we observed a higher triacylglycerol pool and the complete depletion of phospholipids. Furthermore, we observed several differences among accessions of P. tricornutum regarding their ability to accumulate triacylglycerol in response to nutrient starvation and propose the hypothesis that these differences are linked to their ability to recycle intracellular carbon from non-lipid storage molecules.Genome-enabled approaches have also allowed significant steps towards elucidating the lipid metabolism of microalgae in the past decade, but our understanding of diatom metabolic pathways is still limited compared to that of other microalgae and higher plants. There have been several attempts to characterize the stress response in P. tricornutum by using transcriptomic approaches but this data is difficult to exploit to its full potential without a better annotation of genes encoding the relevant pathways. Therefore, in this thesis I discuss our attempts to annotate P. tricornutum lipid metabolism genes. Based on this annotation I have attempted to better characterize a selection of genes by genetic engineering and have pursued a comparative study of several published transcriptomes of P. tricornutum in nutrient deprived conditions to produce a list of candidate genes likely to be involved in triacylglycerol accumulation. Finally, we used this data to help interpret genome and transcriptome data of the newly sequenced oleaginous diatom Fistulifera solaris to help understand how it accumulates unusually high amounts of triacylglycerol for applications in the biotechnology and bioenergy industry
Casciaro, Valentina. "Effetto della carenza di Azoto su crescita e composizione di Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9762/.
Full textSACHSE, MATTHIAS [Verfasser]. "Regulation of the Calvin cycle in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum / Matthias Sachse." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1111562792/34.
Full textRagni, Maria. "Circadian patterns in key physiological processes of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Thesis, Open University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413803.
Full textChrismadha, Tjandra. "Growth and lipid production of Phaeodactylum tricornutum bohlin in a tubular-photobioreactor." Thesis, Chrismadha, Tjandra (1993) Growth and lipid production of Phaeodactylum tricornutum bohlin in a tubular-photobioreactor. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 1993. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51716/.
Full textLupette, Josselin. "Développement, architecture et dynamique des gouttelettes lipidiques de la diatomée Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV039/document.
Full textDue to their quality of triacylglycerol (TAG) content in the form of lipid droplets (LDs) accumulating upon abioticstresses, microalgae have emerged as models of interest for many biotechnological applications (nutrition, greenchemistry, biofuels, human health). These stresses, however, are responsible for a growth arrest and lowbiomass yield. A phenotypic screen of small molecules triggering TAG accumulation in Phaeodactylumhighlighted 34 compounds known to act on specific metabolic and signaling pathways. A detailed study of theeffects of 17α-ethynylestradiol is proposed. The identification of compounds interfering with cyclic nucleotides andoxylipins led us to re-evaluate the effects of nitric oxide (NO.) and to characterize the activity of isoprostanoidsafter oxidative stress in the diatom Phaeodactylum.LDs are subcellular structures, conserved from prokaryotes to secondary endosymbionts, containing ahydrophobic core surrounded by a monolayer of polar lipids to which proteins transiently or permanentlyassociate. These proteins may play a structural role or be involved in the function of the droplet. After optimizationof a purification protocol, we determined the glycerolipidome and the proteome of the LD of Phaeodactylum. Thehydrophobic core is only made of TAG surrounded by a monolayer of polar lipids consisting ofphosphatidylcholine (PC), sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) and two molecular species (20:5-16:1 and 20:5-16:2) of DGTA, a betaine lipid. A sterol probably located in the monolayer, brassicasterol, was also detected.Specific enrichment of β-carotene has been observed. The proteome of the LD is composed of 86 proteinsincluding most notably the LD-protein StLDP, metabolic actors, organelle membrane associated proteins, proteinsimplicated in the treatment of genetic information or chaperones involved in protein quality control. This thesisallows us a better understanding of the biogenesis and the discovery of possible new functionalities of thePhaeodactylum LD. We propose an architectural model for the LD, and address the question of its origins. Futureprospects on the functional characterization of LD proteins and relocation of LD to the plasma membrane topromote its extraction are proposed
Simonazzi, Mara. "Crescita della diatomea Phaeodactylum tricornutum in acque reflue da impianto di digestione anaerobica." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14763/.
Full textHuang, Weichao [Verfasser]. "The molecular synthesis pathway of chrysolaminarin in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum / Weichao Huang." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1156655986/34.
Full textZhao, Xue. "Characterization of Post traslational modifications of histones in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB035.
Full textDiatoms are one of the ecologically most successful eukaryotic phytoplankton in the world. They are abundant in a wide range of habitats, their physiology, plasticity and fast adaptation to different environmental conditions help them dominate modern Oceans. Compared to genetic regulation, epigenetic changes can be flexible and reversible and histone modifications are one of the epigenetic mechanisms which can impact gene expression. Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum) is one of the model diatom species, also the first unicellular organism with a full repertoire of post-translational modifications of histones, which makes it an ideal species to study epigenetic regulation in single celled organisms. In this thesis manuscript, I focus on histone modification mechanisms in P. tricornutum, utilize classical reverse genetic method: knockout of candidate genes to identify the catalytic enzyme which is responsible of the deposition of histone modifications. Polycomb group protein (PcG) complexes are evolutionarily conserved epigenetic regulatory components that act antagonistically with Trithorax (TrxG) complexes to regulate genes which are involved in cell differentiation and development. In the first chapter we investigated the diversity of PcG and TrxG genes in marine unicellular species, report the correlation of these epigenetic modifiers and environmental factor for the first time, also emphasise the unique co-occurrence pattern of histone marks in P. tricornutum. Based on those discoveries, further study with chapter two and three focused on two PcG complexes, PRC2 and PRC1. In total, three core components of PcG protein were identified in PRC1 and PRC2 complex respectively, the second part of thesis explored the unique function of PRC2 and its associated mark H3K27me3 which I report related to morphology in P. tricornutum. Chapter three discussed the crosstalk between H3K27me3 and H2AK119Ubi which is deposited by PRC1. The last chapter describes a novel histone modification detected in P. tricornutum was found conserved among eukaryotes. The last chapter reports the characterization of this novel mark and identification of the histone writer
Garofalo, Alessia. "Ottimizzazione della produzione di polisaccaridi e lipidi nella diatomea marina Phaeodactylum tricornutum in coltura." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12647/.
Full textSeydoux, Claire. "Régulation de la photosynthèse par un transporteur de potassium chez la diatomée Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALV031.
Full textSunlight is the inextinguishable primary energy source on which all living beings eventually rely on for their metabolic needs. In spite of the many advantages of light utilization, it conveys heavy, inherent burdens: intermittency and variability. In order to survive, photosynthetic organisms must constantly reshape their light harvesting machinery, in particular by inducing non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) mechanisms. Controlling the balance between photosynthesis and photoprotection is achieved in higher plants and green algae by a fine interplay between the electrical and the osmotic components of the thylakoid proton motive force. Ion homeostasis has therefore a key role in photosynthesis. Fine-tuning the composition of the proton motive force by specific ion exchange is a means for photosynthetic organisms to regulate NPQ induction efficiently, i.e. minimizing energy leaks and preserving ATP synthesis.Diatoms have a foremost ecological role in the global oceans, both as key contributors of the biogeochemical carbon pump and as feedstock for marine life. In diatoms, the molecular of NPQ are just starting to be identified. We have demonstrated, using the model organism Phaeodactylum tricornutum, that NPQ is univocally controlled by the pH component of the proton motive force. We were thus able to refine the current model for NPQ dynamics in P. tricornutum, with a preponderant role of the kinetic control of the xanthophyll cycle by pH.We have identified the K+/H+ antiporter KEA3 as a major regulator of the proton motive force in diatoms. Using a set of CRISPR-Cas9 constructed mutants, we have determined that this transporter is able to modulate the lumen pH and hence to adapt the NPQ response according to environmental conditions. KEA3 converts the ΔpH component of the proton motive force into ΔΨ, thereby not leading to any energy loss, i.e. maintaining the ATP output
Yu, Guilan [Verfasser]. "The role of PEP Carboxylases for carbon fixation in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum / Guilan Yu." Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1233203495/34.
Full textHelmersson, Katarina. "Effects of Microplastic Leachates on Phytoplankton : A Laboratory Study on Nodularia spumigena and Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79453.
Full textRandhir, Ankitha. "Phytosterol production from Phaeodactylum tricornutum: Insights into environmental conditions and their effect on gene expression." Thesis, Randhir, Ankitha (2020) Phytosterol production from Phaeodactylum tricornutum: Insights into environmental conditions and their effect on gene expression. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2020. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/60932/.
Full textFlori, Serena. "Light utilization in microalgae : the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV080/document.
Full textMicroalgae have developed distinct approaches to modulate light absorption and utilization by their photosystems in response to environmental stimuli. In this Ph.D Thesis, I characterised different strategies employed by freshwater (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and marine algae (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) to optimise their acclimation to the environment.In the first part of this work, I used spectroscopic, biochemical, electron microscopy analysis and 3-dimentional reconstitution to generate a model of the entire cell of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. This model has been used to address the following questions: i. how is a secondary chloroplast structured to facilitate exchanges with the cytosol via its four membranes envelope barrier ii. how have diatoms shaped their photosynthetic membranes to optimise light absorption and downstream electron flow and iii. how the cellular organelles interact to optimise CO2 assimilation via ATP/NADPH exchanges.In the second part, I have focused on the regulation of light harvesting and dissipation in Chlamydomonas by studying the role of perception of light colour and metabolism on excess light dissipation via the Non-Photochemical Quenching of energy (NPQ). Using biochemical and spectroscopic approaches, I found a molecular link between photoreception, photosynthesis and photoprotection in Chlamydomonas via the role of the photoreceptor phototropin on excess absorbed energy dissipation (NPQ) and also demonstrated that besides light, downstream metabolism can also affect this acclimation process.Overall this Ph.D work reveals the existence and integration of different signal pathways in the regulation of photoprotective responses by microalgae living in the ocean and in the land
Heijde, Marc. "Molecular study of light responses in the marine microalgae Phaeodactylum triconortum and Ostreococcus tauri." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066164.
Full textHoguin, Antoine. "Study of the C5-DNA methyltransferases and allele specific expression in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS557.
Full textDiatoms are early divergent ubiquitous unicellular brown alga. Diatoms are one of the most lineage rich eukaryotes and are a major group of phytoplankton. In the past decade, efforts have been made to understand the incredible success of diatoms in modern oceans. The methylation of carbon 5 of cytosine is an epigenetic mark involved in the repression of transposable elements, the establishment and maintenance of genomic imprinting and the inactivation of the X chromosome in mammals. However, questions remained about its role in diatoms. This manuscript provides profound insights into the DNA methylation machinery of the divergent Stramenopile-Alevolates-Rhizaria lineages. We also demonstrate for the very first time that the DNMT5 enzyme is required for the propagation of DNA methylation patterns and the repression of transposable elements in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Recent advances in high throughput sequencing technologies revealed that allelic effects are more widespread than previously thought in diploid organisms. Here we formally report random monoallelic expression in Phaeodactylum tricornutum, its extent and potential epigenetic control mechanisms involved in its regulation. This manuscript, contributes to the emergence of Phaeopdactylum tricontum as a model species for the study of epigenetic mechanisms in eukaryotes
Woisard, Kevin Keith. "Mixotrophic Production of Omega-3 Fatty Acid-rich Alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum on Biodiesel-derived Crude Glycerol." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76902.
Full textMaster of Science
Lopes, Rafael Garcia. "Análise molecular da produção do ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA) pela microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum em um contexto ecofisiológico." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2017. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/180896.
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Os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados de cadeia longa (PUFA), especialmente os ácidos Eicosapentaenoico (EPA) e Docosahexaenoico (DHA) da família ?-3 são reconhecidos como nutracêuticos e desempenham papéis importantes na sanidade animal e humana. Entretanto, existe uma crescente preocupação tanto em relação à possível contaminação, quanto à sustentabilidade no fornecimento da matéria-prima fonte desses ácidos graxos. Nesse cenário, as microalgas (produtoras naturais de PUFA) podem se tornar uma fonte alternativa à produção de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados. Uma espécie, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, naturalmente acumula elevadas concentrações de EPA, o que faz dessa diatomácea uma espécie promissora como fonte de PUFA ?-3. Contudo, ainda não é bem compreendido qual é a possível interação ambiental na biossíntese de EPA em um nível molecular. Em um primeiro estudo, foi avaliada a possível modulação nos níveis de transcrição de seis genes envolvidos na biossíntese de EPA ? as desaturases PTD15, PTD6, PTD5 alfa e beta e as elongases ELO6 b1 e b2 ? em diferentes razões N/P (21/1, 14/1 e 7/1) e em diferentes fases de cultivo. Todos os níveis de transcrição foram dependentes da fase de cultivo, enquanto somente dois genes (PTD6 e PTD5 alfa) foram modulados por uma razão N/P. O perfil de expressão gênica (PTD5 alfa) pode estar associado aos níveis de EPA em pelo menos em uma razão N/P (21/1). Com os dados dos níveis de transcritos, concentrações de EPA e a falta de alguns intermediários da via poderiam indicar algum tipo de regulação entre a transcrição gênica e a biossíntese de EPA. Já em um segundo trabalho, foi verificada a influência de três diferentes fotoperíodos (24:0, 16:8 e 12:12) na transcrição dos mesmos seis genes da via de síntese de EPA. Os níveis de transcrição foram distintos entre os três regimes de iluminação empregados, com um padrão de sobre-expressão no fotoperíodo 12:12 em relação aos outros dois tratamentos. No fotoperíodo 16:8, os perfis dos transcritos atingiram um pico de expressão ao final do período escuro. Já as culturas iluminadas continuamente não apresentaram mudanças nos perfis de expressão relativa dos genes associados. Por último, os genes PTD5 alfa e PTD6 apresentaram um padrão de coexpressão em todos o tratamentos, possivelmente indicando a importância de ambos na biossíntese de EPA.
Abstract : The long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), notably the Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids of the ?-3 family are acknowledged as nutraceuticals and play important roles in human and animal health. However, there is a crescent concern in a possible contamination, as well as the sustainability in the fatty acids natural sources supply. In this scenario, microalgae (natural PUFA producers) could become an alternative source at PUFA production and supply. One species, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, naturally accumulates high EPA contents, which makes this diatom a promising species as a ?-3 PUFA source. Nevertheless, it is still not well understood the possible environment interaction on EPA biosynthesis on a molecular level. In the first study, it was evaluated the possible modulation of six gene transcript levels involved in EPA biosynthesis ? desaturases PTD15, PTD6, PTD5 alfa, beta and elongases ELO6 b1, b2 ? in different N/P ratios (21/1, 14/1 and 7/1) and in different cultivation phases. All gene transcription levels were growth phase dependent, while only two genes (PTD6 and PTD5 alpha) were modulated by N/P ratios. At least in one N/P ratio (21/1), one gene expression profile (PTD5 alpha) might be associated with the EPA levels. Data from gene transcripts, EPA concentration, and the lack of some EPA intermediates might indicate some type of regulatory step between gene transcription and actual EPA biosynthesis. In the second work, it was verified the influence of three different photoperiods (24:0, 16:8 and 12:12) in the transcription levels of the same six genes involved in EPA biosynthesis. The transcription levels were distinct among the three illumination regimes employed, with a 12:12 photoperiod upregulation pattern in relation to the other two treatments. In the 16:8 photoperiod, the transcript profiles presented an upregulated expression peak at the end of the dark period. While the cultures with continuous illumination did not present changes at the relative associated gene expression levels. Lastly, the PTD5 alpha and PTD6 genes showed a co-expression pattern in all treatments, which possibly indicates the importance of both expression products in the EPA biosynthesis.
Dotto, Federica. "Analisi del ciclo di vita della coltivazione di Phaeodactylum tricornutum: valutazione di scenari alternativi nell'approvvigionamento di CO2." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14637/.
Full textMorais, Keli Cristiane Correia. "Análise e desenvolvimento de aquicultura da microalga Phaeodactylum Tricornutum em crescimento autotrófico e mixotrófico em fotobiorreatores compactos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/32237.
Full textMoog, Daniel [Verfasser], and Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Maier. "Charakterisierung eines minimierten eukaryoten Cytoplasmas - das periplastidäre Kompartiment der Diatomee Phaeodactylum tricornutum / Daniel Moog. Betreuer: Uwe Maier." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1032314389/34.
Full textDesclés, Julien. "Phaeodactylum tricornutum : un nouveau modèle de diatomée pour l'étude du rôle du silicium dans le monde vivant ?" Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066070.
Full textDal, Bo Davide. "Acteurs moléculaires des interactions énergétiques entre le chloroplaste et la mitochondrie chez la diatomée marine Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV048.
Full textTo produce the energy needed for cell metabolism, eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms rely on two organelles: the chloroplast and the mitochondrion. The former converting light energy into chemical energy, the latter performing cell respiration. Since both organelles have overlapping function, their activities need to be regulated. While in plants and green algae they seem to work overall independently according to environmental conditions, like light and sugar availability, in Diatoms the direct exchange of ATP and NADPH between these two organelles are essential for the cell’s survival. Although the physiology of this energetic crosstalk is well established, the molecular actors of this process are still unknown. During this PhD project, I have selected four candidate proteins, which turned out to play a role the organelles’ cross talk mechanisms. These are transporters predicted to be located within the chloroplast envelope and the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. To understand their physiological role, we compared the photosynthetic performances of the wildtype and the mutant strains with spectroscopic and fluorescence approaches, while the respiration was quantified measuring the oxygen evolution rates.The observed differences suggest that the selected transporters play a role the chloroplast-mitochondrion crosstalk and that other proteins might be involved in this regulative process.The further characterization of these transporters might also validate them as possible targets to improve algal biomass productivity for biotech, promoting the simultaneous use of respiration and photosynthesis (mixotrophy)
Lucas, Pierre-Louis. "Etude et ingénierie de la N-glycosylation des protéines chez la microalgue verte chlamydomanas reinhardtii." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR061/document.
Full textCurrently, more than 70% of the commercialized biopharmaceuticals are glycoproteins. The high production costs lead scientists to develop alternative organisms suitable for such production. Recently, microalgae emerged as a potential interesting production system thanks to their quick growth rate and low production costs. However, prior to start industrial glycoproteins production in microalgae, protein post-translational modifications like Nglycosylation, must be carefully controlled. This PhD thesis focused on the analysis of the Nglycosylation pathway of two different microalgae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (greenmicroalgae) and Phaeodactylum tricornutum (diatom). In order to start N-glycan engineering, heterologous N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnT I) sequences were expressed in C.reinhardtii. This study demonstrated that C. reinhardtii synthetize a linear N-glycan unsuitable for GnT I activity and allows the reinvestigation of the C. reinhardtii N-glycosylation pathway. A second chapter of this work focus on the optimization of a protocol suitable for analyzing the structure of the Dolichol N-linked precursors of C. reinhardtii and P. tricornutum. Lastly, two potential xylosyltransferases (XTA and XTB) from C. reinhardtii were characterized using insertional mutants and N-glycomic analyses by mass spectrometry approaches. This work allows us to propose specific involvement of XTA and XTB in the xylosylation processing of C.reinhardtii N-glycans
Lommer, Markus [Verfasser]. "Acclimation and adaptation to low-iron conditions in the marine diatoms Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira oceanica / Markus Lommer." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1053683308/34.
Full textEwe, Daniela [Verfasser]. "Living well with a scrambled metabolism : CO2 fixation and carbohydrate pathways in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum / Daniela Ewe." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1112604375/34.
Full textKönig, Sarah [Verfasser], Claudia [Gutachter] Büchel, and Eckhard [Gutachter] Boles. "Untersuchungen zur Wirkungsweise des pflanzenähnlichen Cryptochroms CryP im Modellorganismus Phaeodactylum tricornutum / Sarah König ; Gutachter: Claudia Büchel, Eckhard Boles." Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122506643/34.
Full textNorell, Isabella. "Phaeodactylum tricornutum – Compositional Analysis, Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes and Potential Applications of Residual Algal Biomass from Omega 3 Production." Thesis, KTH, Industriell bioteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-292409.
Full textBailleul, Benjamin. "Mécanismes de réponse à la lumière chez trois organismes photosynthétiques unicellulaires marins : Acaryochloris marina, Ostreococcus et Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066336.
Full textGentil, Jonny [Verfasser], and Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Maier. "Identifikation neuer Komponenten der dritten Plastidenmembran und Subkompartimentierung des endoplasmatischen Retikulums in Phaeodactylum tricornutum / Jonny Gentil ; Betreuer: Uwe Maier." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1150398760/34.
Full textDerwenskus, Felix [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Hirth. "Entwicklung und Bewertung eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung von Fucoxanthin und Eicosapentaensäure mit Phaeodactylum tricornutum / Felix Derwenskus ; Betreuer: Thomas Hirth." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223455130/34.
Full textJoshi, Jidnyasa [Verfasser], and Claudia [Akademischer Betreuer] Büchel. "Biochemical characterization of Fucoxanthin Chlorophyll a/c binding proteins in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum / Jidnyasa Joshi. Gutachter: Claudia Büchel." Frankfurt am Main : Univ.-Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1044772700/34.
Full textManzotti, Alessandro. "Response to light stimuli in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum : Involvement of bHLH-PAS proteins in the circadian clock and plastid physiology." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS232.pdf.
Full textDiatoms are eukaryotic microalgae representing one of the most successful groups of phytoplankton. However, little information is available on the regulatory mechanisms controlling gene expression in diatoms. Through the use of the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, the work presented highlighted the role of bHLH-PAS family transcription factors in the regulation of two important light-dependent processes. On the one hand, it was shown that bHLH1a protein, renamed RITMO1, is involved in the modulation of endogenous rhythmicity regulated by light-dark cycles. Overexpression and knock-out mutation of this gene led to a disruption of daily cellular fluorescence oscillations, photosynthetic activity and gene expression under constant light condition, identifying RITMO1 as the first component of diatom circadian clock. It was shown that a paralogous transcription factor, bHLH1b, dimerizes with RITMO1 and a mutation of this protein led to disruptions of cellular fluorescence rhythmicity, indicating its co-implication in the timekeeper. Differently, bHLH-PAS protein bHLH2 has been shown to be involved in the modulation of photosynthetic activity in a light intensity-dependent mechanism not controlled by the endogenous clock. Cell lines presenting a construct for RNA-interference against bHLH2 showed reduced electron flow at the thylakoid level and a subsequent growth deficit. It has been shown that the expression of this protein is controlled by retrograde signalling, thus highlighting a crosstalk between nucleus and plastid. This study represented the first characterization of bHLH-PAS proteins in a photosynthetic organism
Dumontier, Rodolphe. "Ingénierie métabolique de la voie de N-Glycosylation chez la diatomée Phaeodactylum tricornutum Towards deciphering structural features of the oligomannoside isomers of N-glycans in the diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum using a combination of cutting-edge mass spectrometry techniques User-friendly extraction and!multistage tandem mass spectrometry based analysis of!lipid-linked oligosaccharides in!microalgae Toward future engineering of the N-glycosylation pathways in microalgae for optimizing the production of biopharmaceuticals." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR021.
Full textCurrently, monoclonal antibodies represent the major class of recombinant proteins used for therapeutical applications in humans. The constraints due to the production of these monoclonal antibodies in mammalian cells led scientists to develop alternative expression system for the production of monoclonal antibodies. Recently, microalgae have been shown to be able to produce functional monoclonal antibodies. However, the engineering of the N-glycosylation pathway in these microalgae is required in order to optimize the effector functions of the algae-made antibody for some therapeutic applications. In this context, this PhD thesis focused on the study of the N-glycosylation of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Initially, we focused on the structural analysis of the oligosaccharide precursor synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. The results showed that P.tricornutum synthesizes a truncated precursor as compared to the other eukaryotes. Then, I have investigated the detailed structure of the oligomannosidic N-glycans and demonstrated that the Man9GlcNAc2 and Man5GlcNAc2 synthesized were similar to those found in mammals. In addition, the Man5GlcNAc2 synthesized is the acceptor isomer for the N-cetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnT I) which initiates in eukaryotes the synthesis of complex-type N-glycans. Humanization of the N-glycosylation pathway was finally iinitiated by over-expression of the GnT I in the diatom in order to increase the amounts of complex N-glycans carrying N-acetylglucosamine residues in the terminal position