Journal articles: 'Phaethornis – Habitat – Costa Rica'

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Snow, Barbara K. "COMPARISON OF THE LEKS OF GUY'S HERMIT HUMMINGBIRD PHAETHORNIS GUY IN COSTA RICA AND TRINIDAD." Ibis 119, no. 2 (April 3, 2008): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1977.tb03543.x.

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Harger, Margaret, and David Lyon. "FURTHER OBSERVATIONS OF LEK BEHAVIOUR OF THE GREEN HERMIT HUMMINGBIRD PHAETHORNIS GUY AT MONTEVERDE, COSTA RICA." Ibis 122, no. 4 (April 3, 2008): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1980.tb00911.x.

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RIFKIND, JACQUES. "New Central American and Mexican Enoclerus Gahan (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Clerinae): Part II." Zootaxa 3397, no. 1 (July 24, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3397.1.1.

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The following nineteen new species are described: Enoclerus anctus, E. hespenheidei and E. citricornis from Costa Rica;E. boquete and E. opitzi from Panamá; E. skillmani, E. melissae and E. urbanus from Costa Rica and Panamá; E. mcnallyi,E. fibrillatus, E. toledoi, E. boblloydi, E. chamelae, E. mocho, E. albidulus and E. crinitus from México; E. gilli and E.regnadkcin from Guatemala; E. cavei from El Salvador. In addition, E. silbermannii aeternitatis n. subsp. is describedfrom El Salvador and Costa Rica. The biogeography of the genus in México and Costa Rica is discussed, based on life zone and habitat records for 95 species.

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Herrera, Bernal Rodríguez, Federico Chinchilla Miranda, and Laura J. May Collado. "Lista de especies, endemismo y conservación de los mamíferos de Costa Rica." Revista Mexicana de Mastozoología (Nueva Epoca) 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ie.20074484e.2002.6.1.104.

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Abstract: The geographical position of Costa Rica has historically played an important role in the composition and diversity of our mammalian fauna, consisting of species originating both in the Neartic and Neotropical regions. Based on published data, new descriptions and reports, we here present an updated list of all terrestrial and aquatic Costa Rican mammals. We summarize available information on their status, and present our concerns regarding those species with populations under alarming conditions. The mammalian fauna of Costa Rica is mainly Neotropical. A total of 238 species, grouped in 140 genera and 44 families, were documented. The order Chiroptera is the most diverse, followed by Rodentia, Cetacea, and Carnivora. About 7% of the species are endemic to Costa Rica (or Costa Rica-Nicaragua, Costa Rica-Panamá). Unfortunately, despite of all the efforts to protect our fauna and flora, threat to Costa Rican mammals is increasing, and a number of species have gone, and are going extinct. As in most other areas, habitat loss, both in terrestrial and coastal ecosystems, poses the greatest threat to mammalian diversity of Costa Rica. Other factors, such as poaching, inappropriate gear used in fisheries, and other human exploitation are also threatening mammal populations in Costa Rica. Future conservation efforts should focus on more detailed conservation and management strategies, particularly of large mammals (e.g. monkeys, felids).Key words: Costa Rica, species richness, mammals, conservation, endemism.

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Sáenz, Rocio, Richard A. Bissell, and Francisco Paniagua. "Post-Disaster Malaria in Costa Rica." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 10, no. 3 (September 1995): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00041935.

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AbstractIntroduction:In recent years, controversy has surrounded the issue of whether infectious disease should be considered a serious potential consequence of natural disasters. This article contributes to this debate with evidence of a significant outbreak of malaria in Costa Rica's Atlantic region after the 1991 earthquake and subsequent floods.Methods:This study is an epidemiologic investigation of the incidence of malaria for the periods of 22 months before the April 1991 Limon earthquake and for 13 months afterward. Data were obtained from the Costa Rican Ministry of Health's malaria control program.Results:Some of the cantons in the region experienced increases in the incidence of malaria as high as 1,600% and 4,700% above the average monthly rate for the pre-earthquake period (p ≤0.01). Causal mechanisms are postulated as relating to changes in human behavior (increased exposure to mosquitoes while sleeping outside, and a temporary pause in malaria control activities), changes in the habitat that were beneficial to mosquito breeding (landslide deforestation, river damming, and rerouting), and the floods of August 1991.Conclusions:It is recommended that there be enhanced awareness of the potential consequences of disaster-wrought environmental changes.Date of Event: 22 April 1991; Type: Earthquake, 7.4 Richter scale; Location: Costa Rica; Number of deaths and casualties: 54 deaths and 505 moderate to severe injuries.

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Reid, J. Leighton, J. Berton C. Harris, and Rakan A. Zahawi. "Avian Habitat Preference in Tropical Forest Restoration in Southern Costa Rica." Biotropica 44, no. 3 (September 26, 2011): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00814.x.

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Hamm, Christopher A. "What pollinatesLantana camarain the mountains of Costa Rica?" Journal of Tropical Ecology 28, no. 3 (April 12, 2012): 313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467412000053.

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Lantana camaraL. (Verbenaceae) is a shrub of Neotropical origin that has spread to at least 60 countries (Dayet al. 2003), and its ability to rapidly occupy disturbed habitat has led to it being named one of the ten worst weeds on the planet (Cronk & Fuller 1995, Sharmaet al. 2005). A number of traits may have contributed to its success as an invasive species. For example,L. camaraincreases the available soil nitrogen in otherwise nitrogen-poor ecosystems (Sharma & Raghubanshi 2009), it is extremely resilient to disturbance (Gentle & Guggin 1997a, Hiremath & Sundram 2005), it is allelopathic to native plants (Achhireddy & Singh 1984, Gentle & Duggin 1997b) and its fruits are dispersed by a variety of birds (Mandon-Dalgeret al. 2004, Swarbricket al. 1998). A potentially unappreciated aspect ofL. camarabiology that may also contribute to its invasiveness relates to pollination ecology.

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Moran, Matthew D., Allison Monroe, and Lindsay Stallcup. "A proposal for practical and effective biological corridors to connect protected areas in northwest Costa Rica." Nature Conservation 36 (September 12, 2019): 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.36.27430.

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Habitat loss and increases in habitat isolation are causing animal population reductions and extirpations in forested areas of the world. This problem extends to protected areas, which, while often well-conserved, can be too small and isolated to maintain species that exist at low densities and require large contiguous areas of habitat (e.g. some large mammals). Costa Rica has been at the forefront of tropical forest conservation and a large proportion of the country’s land area is currently under some form of protection. One such area is the northwest portion of Costa Rica, which is an extremely biodiverse region with several noteworthy national and privately-owned protected areas. However, each protected area is an isolated island in a sea of deforestation. Within Costa Rica’s existing framework of biological corridors, we propose four sub-corridors as targets for restoration and full protection. These sub-corridors would link five major protected areas in northwest Costa Rica, with all of them linking to larger protected areas in the central portion of the country, while impacting a small number of people who reside within the corridors. After natural or active reforestation of the corridors, the result would be a contiguous protected area of 348,000 ha. The proposed sub-corridors would represent a 3.7% increase in protected area size in the region and only 0.2% of Costa Rica’s total land area. Using the jaguar (Panthera onca) as a model umbrella species, we estimated that each current isolated protected area could support between 8–104 individuals. Assuming lack of dispersal between protected areas (distance between each ranges from 8.1 to 24.9 km), these population sizes are unlikely to be viable in the long term. However, the combined protected areas, connected by biological sub-corridors, could support about 250 jaguars, a population size with a higher probability of surviving. Our study shows that focusing conservation efforts on a relatively small area of Costa Rica could create a large protected area derived from numerous small isolated preserves.

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Boinski, Sue, Katharine Jack, Craig Lamarsh, and Jessica A. Coltrane. "Squirrel monkeys in Costa Rica: drifting to extinction." Oryx 32, no. 1 (January 1998): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1998.00017.x.

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Central American squirrel monkeys Saimiri oerstedii are limited to Costa Rica and Panama, and have never been abundant. The Costa Rican population is now decimated. Based on our survey of squirrel monkeys throughout a large portion of the Costa Rican range of this species in 1996, we can confirm that at least 1246 squirrel monkeys remain in 26 spatially dispersed localities. Despite probable undercounts of squirrel monkeys within sites and potentially missed localities, the total population size should be considered far below a size that would provide longterm genetic viability. Deforestation and habitat fragmentation spurred by agricultural and tourism development are the familiar culprits contributing to this decline. Our strong recommendation is that future conservation efforts be targeted at the level of each specific locality, perhaps recruiting local, national and international sponsors. A focused strategy would allow management efforts to be tailored to the circumstances specific to each site and thus allocate scarce resources more efficiently.

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WRIGHT, TIMOTHY F., THOMAS C. LEWIS, MARTÍN LEZAMA-LÓPEZ, GRACE SMITH-VIDAURRE, and CHRISTINE R. DAHLIN. "Yellow-naped AmazonAmazona auropalliatapopulations are markedly low and rapidly declining in Costa Rica and Nicaragua." Bird Conservation International 29, no. 2 (July 9, 2018): 291–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270918000114.

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SummaryAccurate assessments of population sizes and trends are fundamental for effective species conservation, particularly for social and long-lived species in which low reproductive rates, aging demographic structure and Allee effects could interact to drive rapid population declines. In the parrots (Order Psittaciformes) these life history characteristics have combined with habitat loss and capture for the pet trade to lead to widespread endangerment, with over 40% of species classified under some level of threat. Here we report the results of a population survey of one such species, the Yellow-naped Amazon,Amazona auropalliata, that is classified as ‘Endangered’ on the IUCN Red List. We conducted a comprehensive survey in June and July of 2016 of 44 night roosts of the populations in contiguous Pacific lowlands of northern Costa Rica and southern Nicaragua and compared numbers in Costa Rica to those found in a similar survey conducted in June 2005. In 2016 we counted 990 birds across 25 sites surveyed in Costa Rica and 692 birds across 19 sites surveyed in Nicaragua for a total population estimate of only 1,682 birds. Comparisons of 13 sites surveyed in both 2005 and 2016 in Costa Rica showed a strong and statistically significant decline in population numbers over the 11-year period. Assessment of group sizes approaching or leaving roosts indicated that less than 25% of groups consisted of three or more birds; there was a significantly higher proportion of these putative family groups observed in Nicaragua than Costa Rica. Taken together, these results are cause for substantial concern for the health of this species in a region that has previously been considered its stronghold, and suggest that stronger conservation action should be undertaken to protect remaining populations from capture for the pet trade and loss of key habitat.

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ECHAVARRIA, MARCO A. ZUMBADO, EDWIN A. BARRANTES BARRANTES, CHARLES R. BARTLETT, ERICKA E. HELMICK, and BRIAN W. BAHDER. "A new species of planthopper in the genus Myxia (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cixiidae) from the Reserva Privada el Silencio de Los Angeles Cloud Forest in Costa Rica." Zootaxa 4915, no. 3 (January 22, 2021): 351–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4915.3.4.

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A new species of Myxia Bahder & Bartlett (Cixiidae: Cixiinae: Oecleini) is established as Myxia baynardi sp. n. collected from native palms in cloud forest habitat in Costa Rica. Placement in the genus Myxia is supported by molecular analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 18S loci as well as morphological characters. Haplaxius delta (Kramer) was collected along the Caribbean coast as a new country record for Costa Rica. Based on morphological characters observed and molecular analysis of COI and 18S, H. delta is herein moved to the genus Myxia.

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Bogarín, D. "A new species of Eurystyles (Orchidaceae: Spiranthinae) from Costa Rica." Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 65, no. 1 (July 3, 2020): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2020.65.01.07.

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Eurystyles comprises about 23 species ranging from Mexico to northern Argentina. Six species are recognized in Mexico and Central America and three in Costa Rica. A new species, named E. uxoris, is here described and illustrated based on Costa Rican material. The species is similar to Eurystyles auriculata and E. standleyi, however, it differs by the smaller plants up to 3 cm tall, smaller leaves of less than 1.6 cm long, flowers with brown dorsal sepal and brown lip apex, petals callose or thickened at apex, and a pandurate lip. Information about distribution, habitat, ecology, etymology and phenology of the newspecies is provided. An updated key to the Costa Rican species of Eurystyles is presented.

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Hilje, Branko, Gerardo Chaves, Jeremy Klank, Ferdy Timmerman, Joshua Feltham, Scott Gillingwater, Teresa Piraino, and Emmanuel Rojas. "Amphibians and Reptiles of the Tirimbina Biological Reserve: a baseline for conservation, research and environmental education in a lowland tropical wet forest in Costa Rica." Check List 16, no. 6 (November 30, 2020): 1633–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/16.6.1633.

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The Tirimbina Biological Reserve is located in the lowlands on the Atlantic versant of Costa Rica. We provide an updated comprehensive herpetofauna species list and summarize the results of all the herpetofauna research conducted at Tirimbina over the last 10 years (2009–2019) across a variety of microhabitats. We also added historical records from occasional sightings and reports from researchers, staff, visitors, interns, fellows, and volunteers since the 1990s. We found 52 amphibian and 78 reptile species on the reserve, including a few species considered at-risk according to the IUCN Red List. We conclude that Tirimbina is a herpetofauna biodiversity hot spot in Costa Rica because it provides unique habitat characteristics for a variety of species, including habitat for both forest and forest-edge specialists.

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Vaughan, Christopher. "Change in dense forest habitat for endangered wildlife species in Costa Rica from 1940 to 1977." UNED Research Journal 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 99–161. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v3i1.213.

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El hábitat es un elemento clave en la extinción de especies. Con base en mapas de vegetación, estimaciones de densidad poblacional y teoría de ecología insular analizo la pérdida de bosque denso para 27 especies de Costa Rica. Entre 1940 y 1977, sufrieron en promedio 35% de destrucción del hábitat de bosque denso. Especies como Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Panthera onca, Harpia harpyja y Ara ambigua probablemente se van a extinguir en Costa Rica dentro del próximo siglo debido a que les hace falta suficientes áreas de bosque denso para sobrevivir. Es fundamental la importancia de proteger áreas grandes de hábitat de bosque denso para conservar poblaciones “viables” de vida silvestre.

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Boinski, S. "Habitat Use by Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri oerstedi) in Costa Rica." Folia Primatologica 49, no. 3-4 (1987): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000156319.

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Ramírez-Arce, Daniel. "Habitat use and surface activity scorpion Centruroides margaritatus in Palo Verde, Guanacaste National Park, Costa Rica." UNED Research Journal 7, no. 2 (December 15, 2015): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v7i2.1154.

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Centruroides margaritatus is one of the most common scorpions in Costa Rica, however almost null ecological or population-based studies have been conducted. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to characterize the habitat use and surface activity of this species in Palo Verde National Park, Costa Rica. Scorpions were searched intensively along transects at three sites: road, camp and forest. The microhabitat in each capture was characterized and the surface activity of the scorpions was recorded at the time of capture. C. margaritatus was found in different microhabitats: soil, leaf litter, herbaceous plants, shrubs, trees, and under rocks and fallen logs, with a preference to use vegetation to heights less than 50 cm. The scorpions were in an ambush behavior most of the times and were observed mostly in the vegetation, while they were in a resting behavior mainly under fallen trunks and rocks. The use of vegetation can represent a strategy to obtain food and also be in a safe place against predators. Nevertheless, the species adaptability provides the ease of using many microhabitats in sites where vegetation is scarce. While the study period was short, this research provides the first observations about the habitat use of this species in Costa Rica, which serves as a basis for future investigation.

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Marín, Pablo, José Manuel Mora, Lucia I. López, José Alberto Pérez Arrieta, Miguel A. Rodríguez, Alison Vega Cambronero, and Ignacio Arias. "New records on the distribution and habitat of the northern naked-tailed armadillo, Cabassous centralis (Mammalia, Cingulata, Chlamyphoridae) in Costa Rica." Neotropical Biology and Conservation 16, no. 3 (August 27, 2021): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.16.e67969.

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The northern naked-tailed armadillo, Cabassous centralis, is a rare and elusive species. It ranges from southern Mexico to northern South America. It has been detected in several types of habitats, but appears to prefer Tropical and Subtropical broadleaf forests. In Costa Rica, this species is difficult to observe and there are only eight records reported in the scientific literature. To search records of this armadillo, we used camera traps in north-western Costa Rica and visited several additional localities in the centre and the Caribbean lowlands of the country. We also examined and assessed records of this species from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database. We added four new locality records for C. centralis in Costa Rica, based on photos from camera traps and field observations. We found only three localities (five records) in GBIF additional to the eight reported in literature. Habitat in these new Costa Rican localities reported here varied from mature dense forest (one site) to semi-urban areas (two sites). Additionally, two individuals were detected in secondary forest patches, one of them adjacent to mature riparian forest. Given the species’ scarcity, much additional information still is required to ground protection actions in a scientific framework.

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Koronkiewicz, Thomas J., Mark K. Sogge, Charles Van Riper, and Eben H. Paxton. "Territoriality, Site Fidelity, and Survivorship of Willow Flycatchers Wintering in Costa Rica." Condor 108, no. 3 (August 1, 2006): 558–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/108.3.558.

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AbstractWe studied wintering Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii) in two seasonal freshwater wetland habitats in northwestern Costa Rica during five boreal winters, to determine habitat occupancy, overwinter and between-year site and territory fidelity, and the degree to which the sexes maintain and defend winter territories. Both males and females used agonistic displays, song, and other vocalizations to maintain and defend mutually exclusive winter territories. Males were generally more abundant than females, but this varied by site and year. There was no significant difference in male and female territory size, nor any indication of sexual habitat segregation. Similarity in morphology and aggressiveness between the sexes may account for the lack of habitat segregation and the ability of females to maintain territories at wintering sites. Each year, 80%–92% of banded flycatchers that were present in midwinter remained at the site until late winter; of these, 86%–100% of individuals maintained the same territories throughout the entire period. We also observed nonterritorial floaters that subsequently established and held winter territories. Between-year site fidelity averaged 68%, and almost all returning birds established territories with boundaries similar to the previous year. Between-year apparent survivorship estimates ranged annually from 54%–72%, with no difference between sites but weak support for higher survivorship of males compared to females. Values for winter site and territory fidelity were generally higher than those reported for other species and for Willow Flycatchers on the breeding grounds; between-year survivorship estimates were similar to those reported for breeding flycatchers.

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Jiménez, José Esteban, and Jairo Hidalgo-Mora. "Matelea tarrazuana (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), a new critically endangered ocellate species from Central Pacific of Costa Rica." Webbia 76, no. 2 (September 7, 2021): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/jopt-10804.

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Matelea tarrazuana, a new species endemic to Costa Rica, is described and illustrated. It is similar to M. pusilliflora, a vine from Yucatan Peninsula because of its green flowers with a reflective white spot in the apex at the apex of each lobe, but differs from that species by its longer pedicels, larger corolla lobes, staminal corona purple (vs. orange), gynostegium with the style apex purple (vs. green) and inhabiting premontane forests of Costa Rica. Data on its distribution and habitat, phenology, conservation status and taxonomy are included, as well as photographs of the living plant, and a key to identify the five related species in Mesoamerica.

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Vargas, Manuel, María Mora, William Ulate, and José Cuadra. "The Living Atlases Community in Action: Sharing Species Pages through the Atlas of Living Costa Rica." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 21, 2018): e25990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25990.

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The Atlas of Living Costa Rica (http://www.crbio.cr/) is a biodiversity data portal, based on the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA), which provides integrated, free, and open access to data and information about Costa Rican biodiversity in order to support science, education, and conservation. It is managed by the Biodiversity Informatics Research Center (CRBio) and the National Biodiversity Institute (INBio). Currently, the Atlas of Living Costa Rica includes nearly 8 million georeferenced species occurrence records, mediated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), which come from more than 900 databases and have been published by research centers in 36 countries. Half of those records are published by Costa Rican institutions. In addition, CRBio is making a special effort to enrich and share more than 5000 species pages, developed by INBio, about Costa Rican vertebrates, arthropods, molluscs, nematodes, plants and fungi. These pages contain information elements pertaining to, for instance, morphological descriptions, distribution, habitat, conservation status, management, nomenclature and multimedia. This effort is aligned with collaboration established by Costa Rica with other countries such as Spain, Mexico, Colombia and Brazil to standarize this type of information through Plinian Core (https://github.com/PlinianCore), a set of vocabulary terms that can be used to describe different aspects of biological species. The Biodiversity Information Explorer (BIE) is one of the modules made available by ALA which indexes taxonomic and species content and provides a search interface for it. We will present how CRBio is implementing BIE as part of the Atlas of Living Costa Rica in order to share all the information elements contained in the Costa Rican species pages.

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Méndez Solano, Rodrigo Alberto, and Marlon Salazar Chacón. "Geophysical characterization of the habitat of Patagioenas fasciata (Columbiformes: Columbidae) in Costa Rica." UNED Research Journal 8, no. 1 (June 10, 2016): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v8i1.1226.

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In Costa Rica, Patagioenas fasciata is distributed in forested areas of the highlands, from 900 m above sea level to the top of the ridges. We identified the main habitats of this species with thematic maps in GIS and did a geophysical analysis. The species is found in the highlands of Rincon de la Vieja, SanIgnacio de Acosta and San Vito de Coto Brus. Our information about possible migration routes, altitudes, weather elements and geomorphology of the sites where it moves and lives is relevant to the species’ management and conservation.

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Kranzfelder, Petra, and Leonard C. Ferrington, Jr. "Chironomidae (Diptera) species diversity of estuaries across a land use gradient on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica." Revista de Biología Tropical 66, no. 3 (July 4, 2018): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i3.31927.

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The family Chironomidae (Diptera) is the most widely distributed, most diverse, and often the most abundant of all families of benthic macroinvertebrates in aquatic ecosystems, including estuaries and other coastal marine ecosystems. Chironomid assemblages are likely to provide a useful measure of biotic integrity in estuaries of Costa Rica, which lack an intensive estuarine bioassessment tool to support environmental monitoring and regulatory programs. We characterized the taxonomic composition of Chironomidae, tested a Chironomidae Index of Biotic Integrity (CIBI) developed from extrinsic pollution tolerance values for its efficacy in evaluating the surface water quality and physical habitat, and made recommendations for increasing the sensitivity of the CIBI to detect differing degrees of stress across a range of estuaries in Costa Rica. Specifically, we selected nine estuaries within six different watersheds across a land use gradient located on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica and collected Chironomidae surface-floating pupal exuviae (SFPE) samples biannually for two consecutive years (July 2012, Jan. 2013, July 2013, Jan. 2014). We identified 228 morphospecies and 70 genera from 17 071 Chironomidae pupal exuviae collected from nine estuaries, which ranked in the following order from lowest to highest biotic integrity based on CIBI scores: Estero Negro, Laguna Cuatro, Laguna Jalova, Laguna del Tortuguero, Río Parismina, Laguna Barra del Colorado, Río Pacuare, Río Bananito, and Río Estrella. The CIBI successfully differentiated between estuaries with poor versus good biotic integrity, indicating that CIBI could be used to evaluate the surface water quality and physical habitat of Costa Rican estuaries. We recommend that future studies refine our approach by developing regionally accurate genus and corresponding species-level tolerance values to improve the sensitivity of the CIBI for biological monitoring of Costa Rican estuaries.

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Juárez, Pedro, and J. Francisco Morales. "Pleurothyrium amissum (Lauraceae), a New Endemic Tree from the Talamanca Montane Forest in Costa Rica." Novon, A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 29 (April 29, 2021): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/2021655.

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Pleurothyrium amissum P. Juárez & J. F. Morales (Lauraceae), a new species endemic to the highland oak forests of the Costa Rican Talamanca range, is described and illustrated. Pleurothyrium amissum and P. pauciflorum van der Werff & Hammel have similar floral morphology but differ by their height, leaf size, inflorescence size, number of flowers per inflorescence, flower color, and habitat. Photographs, a distribution map, and a key to the species of Pleurothyrium Nees in Costa Rica are presented.

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SHORT, A. E. Z. "Two new species of Enochrus Thomson, subgenus Hugoscottia Knisch, from Costa Rica and Mexico (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." Zootaxa 865, no. 1 (February 23, 2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.865.1.1.

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Two species of Enochrus Thomson, subgenus Hugoscottia Knisch, are described as new: Enochrus (Hugoscottia) plicatus, new species, from Jalisco State, Mexico and E. (H.). talamanca, new spe- cies, from Cartago Province, Costa Rica. This is the first report of Hugoscottia outside of South America. Photographs and remarks on the habitat of E. (H.) talamanca are provided. The male genitalia of both species are illustrated.El género Enochrus subgénero Hugoscottia, se registra por primera vez fuera de Sudamérica. Se describen dos especie nueva: Encochrus (Hugoscottia) plicatus, nueva especie, del Estado de Jalisco, México y E. (H.) talamanca, especie nueva, de la Provincia de Cartago, Costa Rica. Se proporcionan fotografías y notas del hábitat de E. (H.) talamanca. Se ilustra la genitalia masculina de las dos especies.

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Lattanzio, Matthew. "Escape tactic plasticity of two sympatric Norops (Beta Anolis) species in Northeast Costa Rica." Amphibia-Reptilia 30, no. 1 (2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853809787392658.

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AbstractOptimal Escape Theory (OET) has been used extensively to predict escape responses of lizards facing predation, yet few studies have examined the responses of two species that share the same habitat, even though such lizards may exhibit distinct patterns of spatial habitat use and behaviour. Furthermore, while OET may predict when escape behaviour should occur, it does not account for any variation in tactics used. Here, the escape behaviour of sympatric Norops humilis and N. limifrons lizards were studied. Lizard microhabitats were categorized and approach speeds were randomised such that each lizard was approached at one of two speeds, slow or fast. Approach speed of a simulated predator had no significant effect on approach distances for either species. Ambient and surface temperatures varied throughout the study period, yet had no significant effect on the escape responses of either species. Species differences in escape tactics correlated with microhabitat: Norops humilis were found more often on small shrubs and typically escaped by jumping to adjacent shrub branches or leaves. Norops limifrons, on the other hand, were typically found on tree trunks and thicker stems, and used squirrelling (horizontal movement around a trunk, branch, or stem) as a primary escape tactic. Additionally, all lizards encountered at ground-level ran. These results thus illustrate the variety of escape tactics used by sympatric N. humilis and N. limifrons within their structurally diverse habitat.

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ECHAVARRIA, MARCO A. ZUMBADO, EDWIN A. BARRANTES BARRANTES, CHARLES R. BARTLETT, ERICKA E. HELMICK, and BRIAN W. BAHDER. "A new species of Myxia (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cixiidae) collected on palms from the Reserva Privada el Silencio de Los Angeles Cloud Forest in Costa Rica." Zootaxa 5027, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5027.3.7.

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A new species of Myxia Bahder & Bartlett (Cixiidae: Cixiinae: Oecleini) is established as Myxia hernandezi sp. n. collected from native palms in cloud forest habitat in Costa Rica. Placement in the genus Myxia is supported by molecular analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 18S loci as well as morphological characters.

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Guyer, Craig, and Maureen A. Donnelly. "Length-mass relationships among an assemblage of tropical snakes in Costa Rica." Journal of Tropical Ecology 6, no. 1 (February 1990): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400004041.

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ABSTRACTLength-mass relationships within an assemblage of tropical snakes are used to describe morphological groups. We report patterns of body size based on length and mass measurements of 603 individual snakes of 27 species captured at La Selva, Costa Rica from March 1982 through August 1984. This assemblage of snakes is composed of at least four morphological groups each of which consists of species with similar habitat preferences. These groups are heavy-bodied terrestrial forms, light-bodied arboreal forms, long-tailed leaf-litter forms, and forms of unextreme relative mass and tail length. This tropical snake assemblage is more diverse in species richness and morphological diversity than a temperate assemblage.

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Young, Allen M. "Habitat differences in cocoa tree flowering, fruit-set, and pollinator availability in Costa Rica." Journal of Tropical Ecology 2, no. 2 (May 1986): 163–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400000754.

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ABSTRACTPhenological patterns of flowering and fruit-set were studied in cocoa trees (Theobroma cacao) (Sterculiaceae) at monthly intervals in two contrasting habitats in Costa Rica for a one-year period. One of these habitats, a well-maintained plantation, had irregular and broken shade cover {Erythrinatrees in particular) while in the other habitat, a ‘cocoa forest’, cocoa trees were heavily shaded byHuara crepitans(Euphorbiaceae). ‘Matina’ variety cocoa trees of about the same age (50–60 years) were censused in both habitats. Cocoa-pollinating midge (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae and Cecidomyiidae) availability was estimated by sampling immature stages in experimentally-distributed ground-cover breeding substrates, comparing overall abundances and species numbers between the two habitats over three census dates (dry, mid-rainy, and late-rainy seasons), along with examination of fungal-rotted (diseased) cocoa pods both on trees and the ground.Although total flower production was much greater in the plantation habitat, total production of new pods was similar between habitats. Flowering followed a cyclic temporal pattern in the forest but not in the plantation. Sudden leaf drop of forest shade trees in the dry season probably triggered a cyclic response in which flowering peaked in the first half of the rainy season.There was an inverse relation for frequencies of mature cocoa pods killed by squirrels and pathogenic fungi (Monilia roreriandPhytophthora) between the two habitats: squirrel-killed pods were far more abundant in the plantation than in the forest, and the opposite for fungus-killed pods. Fungus-killed but otherwise intact pods, and not squirrel-killed pods rotting on trees, were a major breeding site for midges, particularly during the late rainy season. Ceratopogonidae were most abundant in the dry season and frequently encountered in cocoa pod husks and banana tree trunk sections in both habitats, and much more so in the forest habitat. The abandoned cocoa plantation (cocoa forest) supported a more diverse assemblage of pollinating midges than the plantation.In the plantation but not in the forest, a negative correlation was discovered between distance from shade trees and the numbers of pods on trees, suggesting greater pollinating activity by midges in cocoa trees beneath shade trees than away from them. The uniform dense shade cover in the adjacent forest probably obliterated such a pattern.

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Lattanzio, Matthew S., and Thomas C. LaDuke. "Habitat Use and Activity Budgets of Emerald Basilisks (Basiliscus plumifrons) in Northeast Costa Rica." Copeia 2012, no. 3 (September 20, 2012): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/cp-11-025.

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Wolfe, Jared D., Matthew D. Johnson, and C. John Ralph. "Do Birds Select Habitat or Food Resources? Nearctic-Neotropic Migrants in Northeastern Costa Rica." PLoS ONE 9, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): e86221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086221.

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Matlock, Robert B., and Peter J. Edwards. "The Influence of Habitat Variables on Bird Communities in Forest Remnants in Costa Rica." Biodiversity & Conservation 15, no. 9 (July 1, 2006): 2987–3016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-005-4873-3.

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Thomas, C. D. "Habitat use and geographic ranges of butterflies from the wet lowlands of costa rica." Biological Conservation 55, no. 3 (1991): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(91)90032-5.

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Fernández, Melania, Diego Bogarín, and Franco Pupulin. "A A new Muscarella (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from Tapantí National Park, Costa Rica." Webbia 76, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/jopt-10029.

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A new species of Muscarella from Costa Rica, is described and illustrated. Muscarella tapantiensis most resembles M. coeloglossa but differs in the longer pedicels (3-5 vs. 1-2 mm), the shorter (2.5-2.8 vs. 3.75 mm), connate (vs. free) lateral sepals, and the lip with triangular (vs. broadly rounded) lower lateral lobes. Muscarella xanthella also resembles M. tapantiensis; however, it differs in the successively flowered raceme with alternate pedicels, the deeply fimbriate petals and the thick, rounded lip with densely verrucose lateral lobes. We provide illustrations, etymology, notes on ecology, pictures of the plants and habitat, and a distribution map of the new species. We discuss the inclusion of this species in the genus Muscarella.

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Ramírez-Fernández, José Daniel, Jim Córdoba-Alfaro, Diego Salas-Solano, Francisco J. Durán A., and Bernal Rodríguez-Herrera. "Extension of the known geographic distribution of Diplomys labilis (Mammalia: Rodentia: Echimyidae): first record for Costa Rica." Check List 11, no. 5 (September 20, 2015): 1745. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.5.1745.

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The Rufous Tree Rat, Diplomys labilis, is known to range geographically from Central Panamá to Colombia and probably Ecuador. It occurs in a variety of habitat types where it moves by the branches in the high canopy at night. We report the Rufous Tree Rat for Costa Rica, ranging outside its geographical distribution about 490 km west from its type locality.

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Pupulin, F., and A. P. Karremans. "A new and unusual species of Dichaea (Orchidaceae: Zygopetalinae) from Costa Rica." Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 65, no. 1 (July 3, 2020): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2020.65.01.06.

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A new and florally unusual species of the genus Dichaea is described and illustrated from Costa Rica, where it is apparently endemic, and its relationships are discussed. Dichaea auriculata is compared with the group of species close to D. graminoides, from which it can be distinguished by the lip with a long isthmus, provided with two rounded auricles at the base, instead of the sessile lip typical of the group. It is also compared with another Costa Rican endemic in the same complex, D. gracillima, from which it can be distinguished by the autogamous, mostly cleistogamous, flowers, the3-lobed lip with rounded basal lobes, the high keel along the lip isthmus, and the bifid ligule of the column. Notes on the habitat and the ecology of the new species are provided.

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Wolfe, John, and Cyrus B. McQueen. "Biogeochemical Ecology of six Species of Sphagnum in Costa Rica." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 5, no. 1 (December 1, 1992): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.5.1.11.

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There is very little information on the biogeochemical ecology of Sphagnum species in tropical regions. The majority of the ecological information on Sphagnum species in the tropics consists of general habitat information and pH values that are reported in new species descriptions and regional floras such as those of Crum (1980, 1989), Crum and Buck (1988), Karlin (1991), and McQueen (1989).

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Zullini, Aldo, and Pieter A. A. Loof. "Freeliving nematodes from nature reserves in Costa Rica. 1. Dorylaimina." Nematology 2, no. 6 (2000): 605–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854100509493.

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AbstractThis article gives the first results of a study of dorylaims found in nature reserves in Costa Rica. The material examined shows the great interest of the nematofauna of these reserves. Two species were found for which new generic names had to be erected: Parapalus n.gen. for a species resembling Paraxonchium but with a long symmetrical odontostyle as in Gopalus; the single species P.arboricola n.sp. lives in epiphytic mosses. Inbionema n.gen. is conspicuous for the very widely separate lips and the long (but not needle-shaped) odontostyle; the single species I. biforme n.sp. (named because there are two classes of odontostyle length, under 44 and over 59 μ m) lives in the same habitat as the previous species. Other new species found are: Pachydorylaimus schizodontus n.sp. (furcate part ca 33% of odontostyle length), Sicorinema esquiveli n.sp. (cuticular annules 0.5 μ m wide, body length over 1 mm); Brasilaimus bidentatus n.sp. (24-26 longitudinal ridges, each onchium with an additional denticle), B. vinciguerrae n.sp. (32 ridges, odontostyle slender), Xiphinemella monohystera n.sp. (female monodelphic, tail conoid in both sexes) and Tyleptus bongersi n.sp. (liplets amalgamated into disc-like structure, distance vulva-cardia very short). The female of Idiodorylaimus annulatus (von Daday, 1905) is reported for the first time. The following nominal species were found and redescribed: Practinocephalus secundus Andrássy, 1986, Axonchium labiatum Thorne, 1939, Metaxonchium micans (Thorne, 1939), Oxydirus tropicus Thorne, 1964, O. tenuicaudatus Thorne, 1964, Funaria acuta (Zullini, 1973), Caveonchus saccatus (Goseco et al., 1981) and Sclerostylus xiphinemoides (Monteiro, 1970). A key to the species of Pachydorylaimus is given. The subfamily Paraxonchiinae and the position of the genus Gopalus are discussed. Nématodes libres des réserves naturelles du Costa Rica. 1. Dorylaimina - Cet article donne les premiers résultats d'une étude sur les Dorylaimides récoltés dans les réserves naturelles du Costa Rica. Le matériel examiné montre le grand intérêt de la nématofaune de ces réserves. Il a été trouvé deux espèces pour chacune desquelles un nouveau genre a dß être créé: Parapalus n.gen. pour une espèce ressemblant à Paraxonchium mais possédant un odontostyle long et symétrique comme chez Gopalus; l'espèce unique P. arboricola n.sp. vit dans les mousses épiphytes. Inbionema n.gen. se distingue par ses lèvres largement séparées et un odontostyle long mais non aciculaire; l'espèce unique I. biforme n.sp. - ainsi nommé à cause des deux classes de longueur de son odontostyle, moins de 44 et plus de 59 μ m - occupe le même habitat que la précédente espèce. Les autres nouvelles espèces rencontrées sont: Pachydorylaimus schizodontus n.sp. (partie fourchue de l'odontostyle équivalent à 33% de sa longueur totale), Brasilaimus bidentatus n.sp. (24-26 crêtes longitudinales; chaque onchium pourvu d'une denticule additionnelle), B. vinciguerrae n.sp. (32 crêtes longitudinales; odontostyle mince), Sicorinema esquiveli n.sp. (longueur du corps de plus d'1 mm; largeur des anneaux cuticulaires 0.5 μ m), Xiphinemella monohystera n.sp. (femelle monoprodelphe; queue conoïde chez les deux sexes) et Tyleptus bongersi n.sp. (petites lèvres amalgamées en une structure discoïde; distance cardia - vulve très courte). La femelle d'Idiodorylaimus annulatus est signalée pour la première fois. Les espèces nominales suivantes ont été récoltées et sont redécrites: Practinocephalus secundus Andrássy, 1986, Axonchium labiatum Thorne, 1939, Metaxonchium micans (Thorne, 1939), Oxydirus tropicus Thorne, 1964, O. tenuicaudatus Thorne, 1964, Funaria acuta (Zullini, 1973), Caveonchus saccatus (Goseco et al. , 1981) and Sclerostylus xiphinemoides (Monteiro, 1970). Une clé des espèces du genre Pachydorylaimus est proposée. La sous-famille des Paraxonchiinae et la position du genre Gopalus sont discutées.

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PETRESCU, IORGU, and RICHARD W. HEARD. "Three new species of Cumacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) from Costa Rica." Zootaxa 721, no. 1 (November 11, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.721.1.1.

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Three new species of Cumacea are described from Costa Rican coastal waters. The bodotriids, Cyclaspys breedyae n. sp. and Cyclaspis vargasae n. sp., occurred on the Pacific coast, and the nannastacid, Cumella spinifera n. sp., came from a shallow back reef habitat of the Caribbean coast. Cyclaspis breedyae n. sp., which was collected from shallow water (1 1.5 m) at a beach just north of Puerto Caldera, has affinities with Cyclaspis varians Calman, 1912 from the northwestern Atlantic; it differs by having a carapace with fewer (usually 4), but larger, dorsal spines behind the ocular lobe and by having the pseudorostrum not extending beyond the ocular lobe. Cyclaspis vargasae n. sp., which was collected at a depth of 35 m off San Jos Island on the northwest coast, has some similarities with western Atlantic species, Cyclaspis alba Roccatagliata & Moreira 1986 and C. variabilis Roccatagliata & Moreira, 1986, but it differs from these species by having a carapace with oblique dorsal crests and a lateral ridge running anteriorly from the posteroventral margin of the carapace to just above the antennal notch. Cumella spinifera n. sp. was collected on the Caribbean coast at Puerto Vargas and has its closest affinities with C. zimmeri Petrescu, Iliffe, & Sarbu, 1994, known from shallow Caribbean waters off Jamaica. It is distinguished from the Jamaican species by several characters, including having the female carapace with more dorsal spines (10 verses 3 on the carapace of C. zimmeri) and being more dorsally pronounced with a papulate integument.

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Ngo, H. T., J. Gibbs, T. Griswold, and L. Packer. "Evaluating bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) diversity using Malaise traps in coffee landscapes of Costa Rica." Canadian Entomologist 145, no. 4 (May 21, 2013): 435–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2013.16.

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AbstractEven though Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica Linnaeus, Rubiaceae) can self-pollinate, bees are important pollinators, without which there is lower fruit quality and yield. We studied bee diversity in coffee agroecosystems in Costa Rica during two coffee flowering seasons (2005 and 2006). Malaise traps were used as a passive sampling method to collect bees during coffee blooms. We collected 1012 bee individuals from three different site types: nonagricultural fields and shaded and unshaded coffee farms. Unshaded coffee farms had significantly higher species richness (S) and number of bee individuals (n) than did the shaded coffee farms and nonagricultural sites. Overall bee diversity did not differ among site types but evenness (J′) was significantly lower in unshaded coffee farms. Using a more detailed community analysis, there was a significant association between functional groups and habitat type with more species and individuals of small-bodied ground-nesting bees (Lasioglossum (Dialictus) Robertson) associated with unshaded coffee farms. A large proportion (49%) of bees collected were of this subgenus, which was never before reported as common in coffee agroecosystems. Further studies should establish whether Dialictus is important in coffee pollination. We propose strategies involving conservation of native bees through simple habitat management for small-scale coffee farms that may improve crop quality and quantity.

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Latta, Steven C., Nathan L. Brouwer, Alison Olivieri, Julie Girard-Woolley, and Judy F. Richardson. "Long-term monitoring reveals an avian species credit in secondary forest patches of Costa Rica." PeerJ 5 (June 30, 2017): e3539. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3539.

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Degraded and secondary forests comprise approximately 50% of remaining tropical forest. Bird community characteristics and population trends in secondary forests are infrequently studied, but secondary forest may serve as a “safety net” for tropical biodiversity. Less understood is the occurrence of time-delayed, community-level dynamics such as an extinction debt of specialist species or a species credit resulting from the recolonization of forest patches by extirpated species. We sought to elucidate patterns and magnitudes of temporal change in avian communities in secondary forest patches in Southern Costa Rica biannually over a 10 year period during the late breeding season and mid-winter. We classified birds caught in mist nets or recorded in point counts by residency status, and further grouped them based on preferred habitat, sensitivity to disturbance, conservation priority, foraging guild, and foraging strata. Using hierarchical, mixed-effects models we tested for trends among species that share traits. We found that permanent-resident species increased over time relative to migrants. In both seasons, primary forest species generally increased while species typical of secondary forest, scrub, or edge declined. Species relatively sensitive to habitat disturbance increased significantly over time, whereas birds less sensitive to disturbance decreased. Similarly, generalists with higher habitat breadth scores declined. Because, we found very few changes in vegetation characteristics in secondary forest patches, shifts in the avian community toward primary forest species represent a species credit and are likely related to vegetation changes in the broader landscape. We suggest that natural regeneration and maturation of secondary forests should be recognized as a positive conservation development of potential benefit even to species typical of primary forest.

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CHINCHILLA, ISLER F. "A new tree species of Cupania (Sapindoideae, Sapindaceae) from Quepos, Costa Rica." Phytotaxa 475, no. 3 (December 11, 2020): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.475.3.2.

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A new species of Cupania, endemic to Costa Rica, is described and illustrated. The species is similar to C. largifolia, but it differs by having vinaceous young leaves, the longest petioles more than 8 cm long, trilobed capsules, each lobe obtuse, dorsally costate, epicarp greenish-yellow, densely puberulent, rugose, and endocarp tomentulose. Notes on its distribution, habitat, phenology, conservation assessment, etymology, and discussion on taxa with similar morphology are provided.

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Arroyo-Arce, Stephanny, James Guilder, and Roberto Salom-Pérez. "Habitat features influencing jaguar Panthera onca (Carnivora: Felidae) occupancy in Tortuguero National Park, Costa Rica." Revista de Biología Tropical 62, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v62i4.13314.

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Murase, Atsunobu, Arturo Angulo, Yusuke Miyazaki, William Bussing, and Myrna López. "Marine and estuarine fish diversity in the inner Gulf of Nicoya, Pacific coast of Costa Rica, Central America." Check List 10, no. 6 (December 9, 2014): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/10.6.1401.

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A checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of the inner part of the Gulf of Nicoya, Pacific coast of Costa Rica, Central America, was compiled by examining a museum fish collection, resulting in 72 families and 274 species. Of these species, 127 (46.4%) were marine species and 147 (53.6%) were estuarine-associated species. In terms of their life history and considering the habitat type classification, 188 (almost 70% of the total) were categorized as species inhabiting soft-bottom habitats, reflecting the large estuarine environment and rich fish diversity of the Gulf despite its relatively small area in the tropical Eastern Pacific region. Furthermore, the list contains 13 threatened species of IUCN Red List, which need further research to understand their abundance and their exposure to habitat loss in the Gulf. Further detailed studies on its fish fauna and habitat are needed to better understand and conserve biodiversity within the whole Gulf.

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Pfeiler, Edward, Sarah Johnson, and Therese A. Markow. "Insights into Population Origins of NeotropicalJunonia(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae) Based on Mitochondrial DNA." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/423756.

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Cytochromecoxidase subunit I (COI) sequences were used to estimate demographic histories of populations of the buckeye butterflyJunonia genoveva(Cramer) from Costa Rica and Mexico. Previous studies have revealed significant structure between populations ofJ. genovevafrom coastal regions of northwestern Mexico, which utilize black mangroveAvicennia germinans(Acanthaceae) as a larval host plant, and inland populations from Costa Rica that feed on different hosts in the families Acanthaceae and Verbenaceae. The Mexico population ofJ. genovevareported on here is located near the Northern limit of black mangrove habitat on the Pacific coast of North America and is hypothesized to have been established by northward migrations and colonization from southern source populations. The mismatch distribution, Bayesian skyline analyses, and maximum likelihood analyses carried out in FLUCTUATE were used to estimate changes in female effective population size (Nef) over time in the two populations. Differences found in COI haplotype diversity, present-dayNef, and the timing of population expansions are consistent with the hypothesis that the Mexico population ofJ. genovevais the more recently evolved.

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Chandler, Richard B., and David I. King. "Habitat quality and habitat selection of golden-winged warblers in Costa Rica: an application of hierarchical models for open populations." Journal of Applied Ecology 48, no. 4 (May 18, 2011): 1038–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02001.x.

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Espinal, Mario Roberto, and José Manuel Mora. "Distributional extension for a dry forest species, Mesoscincus managuae (Dunn, 1933) (Squamata, Scincidae), on the Subhumid Caribbean versant of Honduras." Check List 15, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/15.2.269.

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Mesoscincus managuae (Dunn, 1933) (Squamata, Scincidae) is a typical dry-forest species found along the Pacific versant of Central America from Guatemala to northwestern Costa Rica. Here, we report the occurrence of this species on the Caribbean versant of Honduras, specifically on the Sula Plain, Deparment of Cortés. This is a subhumid habitat similar to others in the Mesoamerican region which have comparable herpetofauna assemblages and where M. managuae has already been recorded.

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Rogan, Jordan E. "First Locality Record of Melanistic Oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus) in Monteverde, Costa Rica." Neotropical Biology and Conservation 16, no. 3 (August 11, 2021): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.16.e65464.

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The persistence of the coat color polymorphism melanism has been reported for several tropical felids, but its evolutionary advantages remain an active area of research. Few publications have explored melanism in the elusive species, oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus) within the Neotropical part of their range in Costa Rica. Herein, I present the first record of a melanistic oncilla within the montane cloud forest of Monteverde, Costa Rica. Recent studies have found support for theories (e.g. Temporal Segregation Hypothesis and Gloger’s Rule) explaining the ecological advantages driving melanism in oncilla and tropical felid populations. However, it is unclear what is driving melanism in this Monteverde oncilla population due to the singular observation. Further research investigating whether melanism is occurring at a higher frequency in other individuals in the region is critical to better understanding the occurrence of melanism in local populations of this cryptic species. The montane cloud forest in Monteverde provides critical habitat to this vulnerable species within the small Neotropical part of their range. Melanistic individuals may be particularly threatened by land-use change and increasing human pressure if theories for the evolutionary advantages and ecological conditions motivating melanism are supported.

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Ortiz, Orlando O., Marco Cedeño-Fonseca, José E. Jiménez, Jairo Hidalgo-Mora, Marco López-Mora, and Riccardo M. Baldini. "Novelties in Costa Rican aroids (Araceae) with nomenclatural notes." Acta Botanica Mexicana, no. 128 (September 8, 2020): e1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/abm128.2021.1750.

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Background and Aims: Araceae is a worldwide family of herbaceous plants, most notable for its striking morphological diversity and broad habitat diversity. It comprises eight subfamilies, 143 genera, and 3667 species. The Central American region has about 780 species, of which 262 are distributed in Costa Rica. In this contribution, we include four new aroid records for the Costa Rican flora belonging to the genera Anthurium, Philodendron, and Spathiphyllum. In addition, nomenclatural aspects of A. myosuroides are discussed. Methods: The new records resulted from fieldwork on Fila Anguciana, Cerro Turrubares, and Volcán Miravalles. The correct taxonomic identity of the species was confirmed based on literature and comparison with herbarium specimens, especially type specimens from the herbaria of the Universidad de Panama (PMA) and the Missouri Botanical Garden (MO), as well as consultation of the JSTOR Global Plants database and the collections of the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris (P) online. Descriptions, taxonomic discussions, and figures of the morphological characteristics of the new records are provided. Key results: We present Anthurium roseospadix, A. myosuroides, Philodendron pseudauriculatum and Spathiphyllum dressleri as new records for the Costa Rican flora. Moreover, lectotypification for Pothos myosuroides is proposed. Conclusions: Considering the new records presented in this work, the aroid flora of Costa Rica now comprises 266 species, and the total species numbers for Anthurium, Philodendron, and Spathiphyllum increased to 94, 63, and 10, respectively.

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Wasko, Dennis K., and Mahmood Sasa. "Habitat Selection of the Terciopelo (Serpentes: Viperidae: Bothrops asper) in a Lowland Rainforest in Costa Rica." Herpetologica 66, no. 2 (June 2010): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/08-064r2.1.

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Maynard, Lauren D., Ariana Ananda, Maria Fernanda Sides, Hannah Burk, and Susan R. Whitehead. "Dietary resource overlap among three species of frugivorous bat in Costa Rica." Journal of Tropical Ecology 35, no. 4 (May 3, 2019): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467419000129.

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AbstractThe maintenance of biodiversity in tropical forests is thought to be dependent on fine-scale mechanisms of niche partitioning that allow species to coexist. This study examined whether three species of short-tailed fruit bat that co-occur at a lowland tropical forest site in Costa Rica (Carollia castanea, C. perspicillata, C. sowelli) avoid inter- and intraspecific competition through dietary specialization on species in the genus Piper. First, dietary composition was examined using faecal samples (N = 210), which yielded three main findings: (1) bat species and sexes vary in overall reliance on fruits of Piper, with a higher percentage of seeds of Piper detected in the diets of C. castanea (98.2%) and females (91.5%); (2) adults and juveniles partition species of Piper by habitat, with a lower percentage of mid- to late-successional species of Piper detected in adults (20.8%); and (3) overall, there is a strong dietary overlap among and within the three species of Carollia. Second, controlled choice experiments were conducted with individual bats (N = 123) to examine preferences for different species of Piper. These results indicated few differences in Piper preference based on bat species, sex, age class or reproductive status, suggesting preference is not the primary mechanism shaping the observed differences in dietary composition. Overall, the dietary composition and preference similarities suggest there is strong competition both among and within the three species of Carollia for food resources.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Phaethornis – Habitat – Costa Rica'

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