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Academic literature on the topic 'Phagocytose – Réponse immunitaire'
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Journal articles on the topic "Phagocytose – Réponse immunitaire"
Mwamengele, G. L. M., and S. Larsen. "L’ultrastructure de lamicrovasculature cérébrale de chèvres infectées expérimentalement avec Cowdria ruminantium." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 46, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1993): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9372.
Full textGagné, François, Christian Blaise, Jocelyne Pellerin, and Michel Fournier. "Études de biomarqueurs chez la mye commune (Mya arenaria) du fjord du Saguenay : bilan de recherches (1997 à 2006)." 22, no. 2 (June 15, 2009): 253–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037484ar.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Phagocytose – Réponse immunitaire"
Perrodou, Emmanuel. "Caractérisation chez la drosophile de molécules de la famille C3 du complément / α2-macroglobuline : Recherche de fonction." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13047.
Full textAwad, Rida. "Caractérisation des régulateurs d'ELMO : identification des ligands du domaine polyprolines d'ELMO." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV048/document.
Full textMulticellular organisms development, tissue organization and morphogenesis, nerve connection network or even immune response lead to programmed cell death or apoptosis. Phagocytosis is the mean for the engulfment of the apoptotic corpses and can thus be considered as the final step of the apoptotic pathway. Both non-professional and professional phagocytic cells are implicated to achieve an efficient clearance of the apoptotic cells and debris, and very little dead cells are actually present in tissues under normal circumstances, preventing secondary necrosis and further inflammation. Two family of proteins, ELMO and DOCK have been identified as major characters in the signaling pathway leading to the activation of the small GTPase Rac, and actin remodeling, that eventually leads to engulfment. Nevertheless, very little is yet known about the upstream events leading to ELMO activation. Recently, ELMO has been characterized as a target for the hematopoietic cell kinase Hck, and consequent phosphorylation participates in ELMO activation. In the course of the present work, we demonstrated that both N- and C-terminal domains of ELMO are binding the SH3 domain of Hck. In contrast with the SH3 domain of DOCK, the SH3 domain of Hck binding to the C-terminal of ELMO is strictly dependent upon the polyproline motif. Our data obtained using transfected cells, further suggest the polyproline dependent interaction also occurs in cells. Taking into account the differential behavior of both SH3 domains from DOCK and Hck we next demonstrated a ternary complex formation between ELMO and both partners in vitro. Finally, we investigated the possible role for the Hck phosphorylation of Y720 located at the edge of the polyproline motif of ELMO and demonstrated that this phosphorylation clearly increases the Kd of ELMO/Hck interaction suggesting this phosphorylation could be part of a regulation loop in Hck dependent ELMO activation
Eliautout, Remi. "Etude de la réponse immunitaire de la cicadelle Circulifer haematoceps au cours de l'infection par Spiroplasma citri." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0260/document.
Full textSpirop/asma citri is phytopathogenic bacteria transmitted by the leafhopper Circuliferhaematoceps. The absence of symptoms despite the multiplication of S. citri in the hemolymph,suggests that the immune system plays an important role in the tolerance of the leafhopper towardsthe spiroplasma infection. The purpose of this thesis was to study the immune response of C.haematoceps during the infection by 5. citri.The characterization of the immune system of the leafhopper showed that an antibacterial activity anda phenoloxidase activity were present in the plasma. The main types of hemocytes were identified.Among them, granulocytes and plasmatocytes are capable to phagocyte bacteria. The genes involvedin these immune processes were searched using subtractive hybridization method. lnterestingly, noneof the genes known to encode receptors or effectors of the immune system were identified. On theother hand 23 putative immune genes were identified. Six of these genes were retained to follow theirexpression in the early time of a bacterial infection. The results showed that the genes encodingHexamerin, DDBPl and Thioredoxin peroxidase were up-regulated during the infection by 5. citri. Afunctional approach by gene silencing showed that Hexamerin was involved in the phenoloxidaseactivity and played an important role in the survival of C. haematoceps during the infection by S. citri.Finally, the follow-up of the phenoloxidase activity and phagocytosis by hemocytes showed anadaptation and an evasion of S. citri from the immune response of the insect, according to the resultsobtained for 5. pou/sonii-infected drosophila.Keywords : 5piroplasma citri, phenoloxidase, phagocytosis, hemocytes, gene silencing, Hexamerine,subtractive hybridization
Lewkowicz, Elodie. "Réorganisations de l'actine lors de la phagocytose : nouveaux rôles pour CLIP-170 et Bcl-10." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066075.
Full textRuer, Ségolène. "Les systèmes "chaperone-usher" CupB et CupC chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa : assemblage et fonctions, caractérisation du "P-usher", une protéine bi-fonctionnelle impliquée dans l'assemblage de fimbriae et la sécrétion d'une protéine TpsA." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22010.pdf.
Full textIn the environment, bacteria live mostly attached to a surface in a sedentary and multicellular community called biofilm. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a human opportunistic Gram negative pathogen, responsible for nosocomial infections and respiratory infections of cystic fibrosis patients. This bacterial lifestyle represents a strategy to persist in colonized hosts and constitutes a passive or active mechanism of resistance towards antimicrobial molecules. The establishment of P. Aeruginosa in biofilm is due to macromolecular machines of the “chaperone-usher” (CU) family. My thesis work consisted in the characterisation of P. Aeruginosa CupB and CupC systems of the CU family. These two systems are functional and specifically assemble fimbriae through their own outer membrane protein, the usher. The cupB cluster encodes two periplasmic chaperones CupB2 and CupB4, which are respectively responsible for the capture in the périplasme and targeting of the major pilin CupB1 and the adhesin CupB6, respectively, to the CupB3 usher protein. The cupB cluster encodes a TpsA substrate of the two partner secretion system (TPS), CupB5, which secretion occurs through the “P-usher”. The “P-usher” is therefore a bi-functional protein capable of both the assembly of CupB fimbriae and the secretion of CupB5 protein. The “P-usher” results from the fusion of a POTRA domain and of an “usher” domain, highlighting a genetic rearrangement in the P. Aeruginosa cupB gene cluster. This is strongly supported by the restoration of the P. Aeruginosa TPS substrate (CupB5) secretion, in the absence of the “P-usher”, by the introduction of the heterologous TpsB outer membrane protein from the P. Fluorescens cupB cluster. The study of the fimbriae CupB and CupC fimbriae showed their implication in biofilm formation and host cell response, particularly of the CupB5 protein which plays a role in phagocytosis
Brandhonneur, Nolwenn. "Évaluation de la réponse immunitaire systémique à une glycoprotéine virale recombinante E2 microencapsulée et optimisation de la capture cellulaire de microsphères par greffage de ligands." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S009.
Full textThe majority of infections starts with mucosal contact and the administration of vaccine directly at the site of pathogen entry is often necessary to induce a protective immunity. Our study focused on the design of polymeric microparticles loaded with a purified recombinant glycoprotein E2 (rE2) for mucosal vaccination. For that purpose, we evaluated the vaccine potential of rE2 loaded in PLGA microspheres in rabbits after administration by different routes (intramuscular, oral and nasal). The nasal administration induced the production of specific serum antibodies which is less variable and more significant than after oral administration. To optimize the accessibility to immunocompetent cells, we studied the influence of ligand grafting (WGA, an RGD containing-peptide and mannose-PEG3-NH2) on the rate and intensity of uptake of PLGA microparticles by macrophages. This work showed that ligand grafting enhanced the uptake of microparticles. We also observed the simultaneous presence of two phenomena, i. E. , a specific and a non-specific process. The relative contribution of specific and non-specific processes to the overall uptake varied greatly according to the ligands, and was dependent on the particle-to-cell ratio
Alby-Laurent, Fanny. "Régulation de la réponse immunitaire au cours du sepsis Low-dose mycophenolate mofetil improves survival in a murine model of Staphylococcus aureus sepsis Histone deacetylases inhibitor reduces mortality after secondary pneumonia in a murine model of sepsis-induced immunosuppression." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB151.
Full textSepsis remains a leading cause of critical illness and mortality worldwide despite recent advances in supportive care. It has been recently redefined as life-threatening organ dysfunction that is caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. After invasion with a pathogen, the immune response fails to return to homeostasis, thus culminating in a pathological syndrome that is characterized by sustained excessive inflammation and immune suppression. The objective of this thesis was to identify mechanisms of immune response regulation in order to find new therapeutic targets in sepsis. At the early stage of infection, a tight regulation of the pro-inflammatory response is necessary to tip the balance toward efficient phagocytosis while avoiding organ failure. Negative regulators of Toll-like receptors (TLR) signaling pathway play an important role in the control of the pro-inflammatory response that contributes to sepsis-induced tissue injury. Inhibition of these regulators can potentiate NF-κB activation and improve bacterial clearance. We have reported that ionosine monophosphate dehydrogenase II, the target of immunosuppressant drug mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), is a negative regulator of NF-κB after TLR2 activation. Whether low-dose MMF has an impact on survival and on innate immune response in sepsis, with a limited effect in adaptive immunity is unknown. In order to answer to this question, we infected C57BL/6J mice intraperitonealy with 108 CFU of S. aureus, and treated them or not with low dose of MMF (20mg/kg OD during 5 days). We observed that MMF-treated mice exhibited improved survival compared to non-treated ones. MMF treatment also improved local and systemic bacterial clearance leading to a significant cytokines secretion decrease. MMF treatment was associated with improved phagocytosis activity of peritoneal macrophages, suggesting that MMF could improve fatal outcome during S.aureus sepsis by increasing pathogen killing and therefore avoiding tissue injury. At the early stage of sepsis, anti-inflammatory response must also be tightly regulated in order to avoid sepsis-induced immunosuppression (SIIS) that is responsible of fatal secondary infections. Several studies have indicated that immunological defects that define SIIS including quantitative and functional defects of both innate and immune cells, resulted from sepsis-induced epigenetic alterations. Indeed, a shift toward repressive histone modifications is observed in patients with SIIS. We therefore made the hypothesis that epigenetic drugs could prevent SIIS. In order to test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of trichostatin A (TSA), histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitor, in a relevant murine model of SIIS. We treated or not C57BL/6J mice treated with TSA (2 mg/kg ip) 30 min before induction of sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and surviving mice underwent intratracheal instillation of 2.106 CFU of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8 days after CLP. Whereas treatment with TSA did not change survival after CLP, TSA improved survival and bacterial clearance in the bronchoalveolar lavage after pneumonia. We observed effect of TSA on T-cells was responsible of this phenotype. Indeed, treatment with TSA significantly reduced T-cell depletion 8 days after sepsis by preventing sepsis-induced T-cell apoptosis 1 day after CLP. TSA also prevented sepsis-induced T-cell overexpression of PD1 and PDL-1 one day after sepsis. Histone 3 acetylation was increased in these cells and after transcriptomic analysis 8 days after sepsis, we observed TSA prevented sepsis-induced down-regulation of genes implicated in immune response. These results suggest that HDAC inhibitor could reduce SIIS by preventing sepsis-induced T-cell abnormalities. Our results provide new insights in the pathophysiology of sepsis and suggest potential therapeutic applications
Potiron, Laurent. "Rôle des phagocytes mononuclées dans la réponse immunitaire innée contre cryptosporidium parvum." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR3809.
Full textNewborns (children, ruminants) are particularly susceptible to intestinal infection by the parasite Cryptosporidium parvum because their immune system is still developing. To date, parasite control methods are limited. There is no vaccine and the only molecule which possess a marketing authorization for calves, Halocur ™, presents toxicity at 2 times the therapeutic dose. The development of new immunoprophylactic methods requires better understanding of the immune mechanisms occurring during infection. Innate immunity plays a major role in controlling the acute phase of infection and we previously demonstrated in the laboratory that intestinal mononuclear phagocytes CD11c+ are key players in the protection process. In this thesis, we confirmed the role of dendritic cells (DC) CD103+ using mice BatF3-/- in which the development of the two DC subsets CD103+CD11b+ and CD103+CD11b- is altered in the intestine making these animals more susceptible to infection. This high susceptibility can be partially mitigated by preventive administration of IL-12 to Batf3-/- neonatal mice. Batf3-/- adult mice which are only deficient for the CD103+CD11b- DC subset were transiently susceptible to infection in contrast to conventional mice that are highly resistant
Da, Silva Clément. "Fonction des phagocytes de la plaque de Peyer dans la réponse immunitaire mucosale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0251.
Full textIn this study, we first showed that lysozyme expressing cells are found in human PP and share features with their mouse counterpart, such as location and origin. Then, we investigated the behaviour of mouse PP phagocytes upon TLR7 stimulation, using the small synthetic agonist, R848. In PP TLR7 is expressed by monocyte derived cells and plasmacytoid DC, but not by cDC. Nevertheless, TLR7 stimulation triggers a quick activation of cDC. This activation relies on TNF secretion and leads to a massive migration of cDC from the dome associated villi to the IFR and to an increase of MHCII, co-stimulatory molecules and interferon-stimulated gene expression. Stimulation by TLR7 also induces a massive production of IL12p40 by LysoDC and some macrophages. Interestingly, we observed a similar increase of IL-12 p40 production by LysoDC and macrophages shortly after weaning. We thus investigated the impact of Il-12 p40 secretion on the development of the mucosal immune response. Therefore, our study provides clues on the mechanisms involved in the establishment of the mucosal immune response following microbiota colonization
Eichholz, Karsten. "Influence de protéin[e]s de l'hôte sur la réponse immunitaire innée face aux adénovirus humains dans les phagocytes humains." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS059.
Full textHuman adenoviruses (HAdV) cause a broad spectrum of clinical diseases in immunocompromised and –competent patients and are also versatile tools for gene transfer and vaccination. Pre-existing humoral immunity may be in part responsible for the adverse responses towards AdV vectors seen in several clinical vaccine trials. Furthermore, a variety of host proteins like mouse coagulation factor X (FX) or immunoglobulin G bind HAdV exacerbate the pro-inflammatory response. Pre-clinical risk assessment is often done in mice, albeit there are multiple differences between human and mice in the interaction with HAdV. The binding of FX to HAdV activates a pro-inflammatory response in mouse via Toll-like receptor 4. In another clinical relevant scenario, immune complexed-HAdV (IC-HAdV-C5) induces more inflammasome activation in human phagocytes than HAdV-C5 alone but by unknown mechanism. In this regard, I participated in two studies. First, we investigated a potential role of FX and TLR4 in the innate response to HAdV-C5 by using only human components. We found that there is no detectable FX-HAdV-TLR4 axis in human and FX did not affect the innate immune response elevated by IC-HAdV-C5 in human phagocytes.Second, we addressed the underlying mechanism of IC-HAdV-C5-induced inflammation. We found that IC-HAdV-C5 induces inflammasome formation in monocyte-derived dendritic cells and this is dependent on pVI-mediated endosomal escape and activation of cytosolic inflammasome sensors. Our findings help us to better understand the differences in preclinical testing in mice and clinical use in humans and how pre-existing immunity shapes the innate immune response to HAdV to improve treatment for HAdV diseases and HAdV vector effectiveness