Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Phagosome'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Phagosome.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Guo, Manman. "Phagosome proteomes in activated macrophages." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2015. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/c5a94702-2164-4acc-9763-bdfcaf1229dc.
Full textSmith, Leanne May. "Investigating phagosome dynamics of microbial pathogens." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4937/.
Full textBoucherit, Nicolas. "Mécanisme d'interférence de la conversion du phagosome par Coxiella burnetii." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5061/document.
Full textTo survive and replicate in their host, microbes have evolved several strategies to hijack the microbicidal properties of the immune cells. C. burnetii, the q fever agent, survive and replicate in macrophages through the alteration of the phago-lysosome biogenesis. To further analyze the nature of the defect phagosome maturation of C. burnetii, I studied the role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of C. burnetii in the intracellular trafficking of the bacteria. The LPS is unable to activate the p38α MAPKinase, which explains that the virulent bacteria are not directed to a degradative compartment . The lack of activation of the p38α MAPKinase , which involves a commitment TLR4 antagonist by LPS, has the effect of preventing the recruitment of the HOPS complex ( homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting complex) , a complex require for the phagosomal conversion. I have shown that the recruitment of HOPS requires phosphorylation of protein Vps (vacuolar protein sorting) 41. Transfection of macrophages by an activator of p38 and using phosphomimétiques mutants VPS41 showed restoration of phagosome maturation. It thus appears that the p38α MAPK and his dialogue with VPS41 play a central role in phagosome maturation of C. burnetii in the phagolysosome. Use of the unique structure of the LPS allows C. burnetii to evade the protective response of the host
Pietersen, Ray-Dean Donovan. "Proteomic analysis of the Mycobacterium avium-containing phagosome membrane." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12226.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 139-158).
Pathogenic mycobacteria, like [Mycobacterium tuberculosis] M.tb and Mycobacterium avium (M.av), reside intracellularly in phagosomes where they are able to survive, because they block the process of phagosome maturation. ... An approach of characterizing M.av-containing phagosomes in terms of cell surface-derived glycoconjugates, revealed that these phagosomes show a 3- to 4-fold depletion of these glycoconjugates as compared to early endosomes with which the phagosomes continuously fuse and exchange membrane molecules... The aim of this study is to identify the depleted / possibly enriched cell surface derived glycoproteins on the phagosome membrane of M.av-containing phagosomes, because they might play a role in mycobacteria's intracellular survival.
Geffken, Anna Christina [Verfasser]. "Mycobacterium tuberculosis – host-cell interactions in the phagosome / Anna Christina Geffken." Lübeck : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1098170482/34.
Full textHackam, David Joel. "Mechanisms of phagosome formation, maturation and acidification, implications for intracellular infection." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0003/NQ41434.pdf.
Full textBajno, Lydia. "Focal exocytosis of VAMP3-containing vesicles at sites of phagosome formation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0018/MQ53328.pdf.
Full textSchnettger, L. "The role of the small GTPase Rab20 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis phagosome biology." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1532039/.
Full textPei, Gang [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Steinert. "Role of Rab20 in phagosome maturation and mycobacterial killing / Gang Pei ; Betreuer: Michael Steinert." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1175822019/34.
Full textBilkei-Gorzo, Orsolya. "Ubiquitylation regulates vesicle trafficking and innate immune responses on the phagosome of inflammatory macrophages." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2018. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/8661922d-9d5e-4a4a-bfd4-b0f5e5717c61.
Full textRamond, Elodie. "Métabolisme des acides aminés dans l’échappement de Francisella tularensis du phagosome des macrophages infectés." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T026/document.
Full textFrancisella tularensis, the etiologic agent of the zoonotic disease tularemia, is a facultative intracellular bacterium which can infect multiple cell types with specific tropism for macrophages. This bacterium is responsible for severe infections in numerous animal species and in humans. Of note, F. tularensis subsp. tularensis has been classified as a type A bioterrorism agent because of its high infectivity and very low infectious dose. Genome sequence analyses and genome-scale genetic studies have revealed the importance of genes involved in metabolic functions throughout the bacterial intracellular cycle. Among these genes, several amino acid transporter where found to belong to the amino-acid-polyamine organocation subfamily (APC), prompting us to address the role of these transporters in bacterial virulence. We first focused on the APC transporter encoded by gene FTN_0571 in F. tularensis subsp. novicida and named GadC. We showed that GadC was a genuine glutamate importer, necessary for Francisella intracellular multiplication and virulence. gadC inactivation completely blocked bacterial phagosomal escape. Remarkably, multiplication of a gadC mutant was restored in gp91phox-/- macrophages that are unable to generate reactive oxygen species. Altogether, our study revealed that glutamate uptake was critical in bacterial oxidative stress resistance in the phagosomal compartment and highlighted possible links between glutamate utilization and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. These results prompted us to address the role of a second APC transporter sharing 33 % amino acid identity with GadC and named ArgP. argP inactivation severely delayed bacterial phagosomal escape, thus impairing intracellular multiplication and virulence. We demonstrated that ArgP was a high affinity arginine transporter, suggesting that impaired phagosomal escape might be directly linked to an arginine import defect. argP inactivation in the F. tularensis subsp. holarctica Live vaccine strain also leads to a severe intracellular multiplication defect, consistent with a conserved role among all F. tularensis subspecies. Arginine is an essential amino acid for F. tularensis. To understand the importance of this amino acid during the phagosomal phase of the Francisella intracellular life cycle, a proteomic analysis of the bacteria, in conditions of arginine limitation, was carried out. This analysis revealed that arginine limitation affected in the argP mutant the expression of a series of proteins and in particular of all the ribosomal proteins. One may imagine that intracellular bacteria could also sense nutrient limitations in the phagosome as a subcellular localization signal. Altogether, these studies constitute the first demonstration of the importance of amino acid acquisition during F. tularensis phagosomal escape
Abnave, Prasad. "Exploring mammalian immunity against intracellular bacteria through planarian flatworms." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5049.
Full textHost-pathogen interaction is a vast and complex interplay between pathogen and hostto conquer the battle of pathogenesis. Several model organisms are being studied to illustratethe mechanisms involved in these interactions. In my thesis I have used planarians as a modelorganism to explore host-pathogen interactions. As different model organismscan highlight different features of immunity I decided to take advantage of lack of knowledgeabout planarian immunity and get benefits from exploring unexplored. In my project I haveinfected planarians with 16 pathogenic bacteria and I found that in contrary to othercommonly used model organisms such as Drosophila, C. elegans and zebrafish the planariansare highly resistant to bacterial infections. To explore the mechanism behind this resistance Iperformed infection induced transcriptome profiling followed by RNA interference screeningof up-regulated gens. I discovered genes governing antibacterial resistance in planarians andinterestingly the screening highlighted a gene MORN2 of which the immunological functionwas completely unknown. The human ortholog of MORN2 is then further assessed for itsantimicrobial function. Induced expression and down regulation of MORN2 in macrophagesrevealed that MORN2 controls uptake, replication and trafficking of bacteria inside the cell.In my study I demonstrated that MORN2 is a component of LC3-associated phagocytosis andit can overcome phagosome maturation blockage imposed by pathogenic bacteria. Thus mythesis propounds the importance of using unusual model organisms to unveil unexploredmechanisms and molecules involved in host-pathogen interactions
MacGurn, Jason. "Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-mediated phagosome maturation arrest and a role for Esx-1 secretion." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3251936.
Full textThi, Emily Phaps. "Studies in phagosome maturation : modulation by both the host phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110alpha and the mycobacterial protein PE-PGRS62." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43699.
Full textDumas, Audrey. "Macrophage et infection par le VIH‐1 : perturbation des fonctions de clairance et d’activation." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T039/document.
Full textPhagocytosis, a crucial function of macrophages, is composed of two well defined steps : the early step of internalization leading to phagosome formation and the late step of phagosome maturation. The immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) infects macrophages, which disturbs theirs functions. The effects of HIV-1 infection are poorly characterized in this cell type compared to T lymphocytes. Previous results have already shown that the early step of internalization of large particles and bacteria are half blocked by Nef in HIV-1 infected primary macrophages and that the cytokine response is attenuated in infected patients. Thus, we have studied the effect of HIV-1 infection on the late step of phagocytosis : phagosome maturation and the resulting macrophage activation. We shown that HIV-1 impairs late phagocytic events affecting the phagosome maturation, as defined by late endocytic markers and hydrolases recruitment, and reactives oxygens species production. HIV-1 infected macrophages exhibited a basal preactivation but appeared unable to respond efficiently to phagocytic triggers leading to cytokine and transcriptional modifications. Centripetal migration of phagosomes and microtubule dynamics were deeply altered upon viral infection. Surprisingly, the Vpr viral protein was implicated in these pertubations, while Nef was not. Our results revealed that elements of the endosomal sorting machinery were hijacked to the virus-containing compartments in HIV-infected macrophages. With this study, we identify Vpr as a modulator of the microtubule dynamics and intracellular trafficking, leading to alterations in phagosome maturation and bacterial clearance in HIV-1 infected macrophages. This work contribute to better understanding of the establishment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients
Gouzy, Alexandre. "Étude de l'utilisation des acides aminés aspartate et asparagine dans la virulence de mycobacterium tuberculosis." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2144/.
Full textTuberculosis causes about 2 million dead per year in the worldwide and constitutes the first cause of human death due to a single bacterial pathogen. The etiologic agent of tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a facultative intracellular pathogen who replicates inside macrophages in a specialized membrane-bound vacuole, the phagosome, whose pH is slightly acidic and where access to nutrients is limited. Understanding how the bacillus extracts and incorporates nutrients from its host may help develop novel strategies to combat tuberculosis. Here, we could demonstrate that M. Tuberculosis exploits the amino acids aspartate and asparagine as a major nitrogen source to support growth during infection through the transporters AnsP1 and AnsP2 and the asparaginase AnsA. This work provide the evidence, for the first time, that amino acids are major nitrogen providers during host colonization and thus pave the way to identify new antituberculous compounds targeting assimilation of amino acids by the bacterium upon infection
Tancred, Linda. "Mechanisms of the intracellular survival of Francisella tularensis." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Klinisk bakteriologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-45869.
Full textCaution, Kyle J. "Legionella pneumophila and caspases: modulation of the actin cytoskeleton." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1449147516.
Full textLang, Thierry. "Etude des interactions macrophage-bactérie cinétique des communications entre le phagosome contenant des bactéries pathogènes ou non pathogènes et les autres compartiments membranaires impliqués dans l'endocytose /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606952j.
Full textLang, Thierry. "Etude des interactions macrophage-bacterie : cinetique des communications entre le phagosome contenant des bacteries pathogenes ou non pathogenes et les autres compartiments membranaires impliques dans l'endocytose." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077126.
Full textBotella, Hélène. "Étude du zinc et des ATPases de type P dans l'interaction entre Mycobacterium tuberculosis et les cellules hôtes." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1386/.
Full textMycobacterium tuberculosis thrives within macrophages by residing in phagosomes and preventing them from maturing and fusing with lysosomes. A parallel transcriptional survey of intracellular mycobacteria and their host macrophages revealed signatures of heavy metal poisoning, in particular, mycobacterial genes encoding P-type ATPases CtpC, CtpG, and CtpV. These proteins are predicted to export heavy metals, such as Zn2+, Cd2+ or Cu+. In the host cell transcriptome, genes coding for metallothioneins and the zinc exporter ZnT1, were induced during infection. Consistent with this pattern of gene modulation, we observed a burst of free zinc inside macrophages, and Intraphagosomal zinc accumulation within a few hours postinfection. Zinc exposure led to rapid CtpC induction, and ctpC deficiency caused zinc retention within the mycobacterial cytoplasm, leading to impaired intracellular growth of the bacilli. Using a deficient strain of Escherichia coli in zntA, coding for its main zinc exporter, we obtained the same results of zinc accumulation and impairment of the growth in macrophages. Thus, the use of P1-type ATPases represents a M. Tuberculosis strategy to neutralize the toxic effects of zinc in macrophages. We propose that heavy metal toxicity and its counteraction might represent yet another chapter in the host-microbe arms race
O'Brien, David Kenneth. "The Interactions of Clostridium Perfringens With Phagocytic Cells." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27164.
Full textPh. D.
Hara, Hideki. "Cytolysin-dependent escape of the bacterium from the phagosome is required but not sufficient for induction of the Th1 immune response against Listeria monocytogenes infection : distinct role of listeriolysin O determined by cytolysin gene replacement." Kyoto University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135771.
Full textBlocker, Ariel. "Analyse des interactions entre phagosomes et microtubules." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112390.
Full textMaurin, Max. "Rôle du pH phagolysosomial dans l'action des antibiotiques sur les bactéries intracellulaires." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077067.
Full textHorth, Cynthia. "Effect of Nramp1 on maturation of phagosomes containing Leishmania donovani." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84039.
Full textOkai, Blessing. "The role of Rab14 in the maturation of macrophage phagosomes containing Candida albicans." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=214847.
Full textLührmann, Anja. "Analyse der Reifung von Afipien- und Rhodokokken-enthaltenden Phagosomen in Makrophagen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=966000323.
Full textMarie-Anaïs, Florence. "Mécanismes de formation et de fermeture des phagosomes dans les macrophages." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB072/document.
Full textPhagocytosis is an important cellular mechanism. It plays a role in both the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and in the immune system. This process, performed by phagocytic cells, including dendritic cells, polymorphonuclear neutrophils or macrophages, enables daily ingestion and elimination of large particles (> 0.5 microns) e.g. bacteria, fungi or cellular debris. It is induced by many phagocytic receptors such as the receptors for crystallizable fragments of immunoglobulins (FcR) and complement receptor (CR3). These receptors induce different signaling cascades but ultimately lead to a remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane. Next there is the formation of a phagocytic cup which surrounds and encloses the ingested particle in a closed compartment called the phagosome. While many studies have dissected the phagocytic cup organization induced by the FcR, the mechanism of phagosome closure was not understood. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms involved in phagosome formation following CR3 engagement are less well described. In this work, we analyzed the role of dynamin 2, a GTPase involved in fission mechanisms of endocytosis vesicles, and in the formation and closure of phagosomes. We used an original experimental system using the total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) to show that dynamin 2 is recruited with actin during phagocytic cup formation and accumulates at the site of phagosome closure in living macrophages. The inhibition of its GTPase activity induced an inhibition of phagocytosis and a defect in actin dynamics during pseudopod extension. Surprisingly, the depolymerization of actin lead to a defective recruitment of dynamin 2 at the phagocytic site showing there is a cross-regulation between dynamin 2 and actin. Finally, this study showed that dynamin 2 plays a critical role in the scission of the phagosome. Secondly, we initiated the study of the mechanisms involved in regulating the activity of the complement receptor CR3. Enabling this phagocytic receptor, part of the integrin family, requires anchoring actin which is necessary for signaling to the actin polymerization and the formation of phagocytic cups. All these results contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in phagocytosis purposes
Lyall, Natalie. "The role of RAB2 in the maturation of macrophage phagosomes containing Candida albicans." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=238253.
Full textLawand, Myriam. "Rôle des transporteurs de peptides dans la présentation antigénique par les cellules dendritiques." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T053.
Full textDendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells, capable of activating resting T cells and of initiating primary and stimulating memory immune responses. DCs can efficiently use internalized antigens for presentation by major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) molecules: a phenomenon referred to as “cross-presentation.” Cross-presentation is important in priming of CD8+ T-cell responses to a variety of pathogens and to tumors as well as in immune tolerance to self and in autoimmunity. The molecular and cell biological mechanisms underlying cross-presentation have been studied intensively but important issues remain unclear. Our laboratory has previously shown that the pre-incubation of TAP-deficient DCs at low temperature normalized surface MHC-I expression and cross-presentation of phagocytosed antigens in a proteasome-dependent pathway. This suggested that phagosomes might harbor an alternative peptide transporter to import peptides generated by cytosolic proteasome complexes. As the source of MHC-I loaded in this pathway remains unclear, it is possible that the principal or partial role of TAP in proteasome-dependent cross-presentation of phagocytosed antigens is to provide recycling cell surface class I molecules. Our aim was to assess the exact role of TAP in peptide transport into phagosomes and to examine the role of the transporter associated with antigen processing-like (TAP-L), a lysosomal transporter with a putative function in antigen presentation. We have developed an assay of peptide transport using flow cytometry (phagoFACS) and shown that TAP is present in DC phagosomes and capable of transporting at least peptides with high affinity to TAP in an ATP-dependant manner. Using this assay, which allowed for eliminating background due to leaky vesicles, we were able to provide direct evidence of peptide accumulation inside phagosomes. ATP-dependant peptide accumulation inside phagosomes was affected by phagosomal maturation and by the presence of a peptide-binding MHC class I-molecule. Surprisingly, in the absence of TAP, another peptide transporter may be able to transport a peptide with intermediate affinity to TAP, namely the ovalbumin peptide SIINFEKL, in an ATP-dependant manner. We used the same technique to assess the function of TAP-L in peptide transport and found that TAP-L may be involved in peptide import into phagosomes. Additional results suggest that TAP-L plays a role in MHC-II presentation and cross-presentation of phagocytosed antigens at low temperature. The latter was shown in DCs lacking both transporters, suggesting that TAP and TAP-L might cooperate to ensure peptide import into phagosomes. The mechanisms underlying these functions should be explored to understand the relative contribution of each peptide transporter to antigen presentation
Holm, Åsa. "Leishmania donovani lipophosphoglycan : effects on actin and phagosomal maturation /." Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2003/med800s.pdf.
Full textKeller, Steve [Verfasser], and Holger [Akademischer Betreuer] Kress. "Abhängigkeit des phagosomalen Transportes von der Größe des Phagosomes / Steve Keller ; Betreuer: Holger Kress." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1190170892/34.
Full textDixon, Claire Marie. "Investigation of phagosomal compartments and prey digestion in protozoan predators." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.551660.
Full textPretat, Lionel. "Trafic intracellulaire de bactéries intracellulaires au sein des macrophages." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20721.
Full textCzora, Kathrin [Verfasser]. "Charakterisierung ausgewählter Proteine des Phagosoms von Tetrahymena thermophila auf proteinbiochemischer und molekularbiologischer Ebene / Kathrin Czora." Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1056818476/34.
Full textLê-Bury, Gabrielle. "Infection des macrophages par le VIH-1 : facteurs moléculaires impliqués dans la production virale et dans le développement de bactéries opportunistes The HIV-1 protein Vpr impairs phagosome maturation by controlling microtubule-dependent trafficking Pronounced stealth phenotype and differential pyroptosis induction by invasive Salmonella Typhimurium revealed by coinfection of human macrophages with HIV Role of Solute Carriers in efficient HIV-1 production by human macrophages." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB094.
Full textHuman Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infects macrophages. In contrast to CD4+ T cells, macrophages are resistant to the cytotoxic effects of the virus and represent a reservoir for the pathogen. In these cells, the new virions are produced and stored in a specific intracellular compartment called Virus-Containing Compartment (VCC). This non-acidic compartment, transiently connected to the plasma membrane, remains poorly characterized. In addition, HIV-1 induces an alteration of macrophage function, allowing the development of opportunistic bacteria, such as specific strains of Salmonella Typhimurium. In particular, we studied invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella Typhimurium (iNTS) strains that developed in HIV-positive patients. The aims of my thesis have been to identify the molecular factors involved in the production of HIV-1 in primary human macrophages and to study the development of the invasive strains of Salmonella Typhimurium. First, I participed in studying the effects of HIV-1 infection on macrophage function. Their main role is phagocytosis, which is a defense mechanism enabling internalization and degradation of pathogens. It has previously been shown in the host laboratory that in HIV-1 infected macrophages, the internalization step is partially inhibited by the virulence factor Nef. In this work, we have shown that the infection of these cells by HIV-1 also inhibits the maturation of phagosomes, in this case, via the viral protein Vpr. Further, we have demonstrated that HIV-1 leads to a pre-activation state of the macrophage, while preventing the cell from responding to subsequent stimuli, such as bacterial superinfection. Secondly, I studied the coinfections between HIV-1 and an invasive strain of Salmonella Typhimurium that was compared to reference strains. This work demonstrated that bacteria do not hijack the viral compartment for their survival in co-infected macrophages. Additionally, the invasive strain of Salmonella Typhimurium was observed to induce less cell death by pyroptosis than a reference strain. The signaling pathways upstream of this cell death were determined to be associated with an inflammatory mechanism. Hence, it was demonstrated that the invasive strain of Salmonella hijacks the mechanism of pyroptosis to survive in macrophages. This may explain the dissemination observed in patients. Finally, a study of new cellular factors involved in viral production in macrophages was conducted. Following a transcriptomic analysis of human primary macrophages infected, or not, with HIV-1, we identified a large number of membrane transporters called SLC (Solute Carrier) whose expression was modulated by the infection. After selecting some of the candidates for further study, I have demonstrated that some of these SLCs are important for viral production in macrophages. In conclusion, this work contributes to defining how HIV-1 infects macrophages and disturbs their activation and clearance functions, and how opportunistic pathogenic bacteria develop
Kühnel, Mark Philipp. "Biology of mycobacteria containing phagosomes acidification, fusion and actin nucleation ; with an emphasis on Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=966096770.
Full textPeyron, Pascale. "Etude des voies d'entrée des mycobactéries dans les neutrophiles et de l'inhibition de la fusion entre phagosomes et lysosomes." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30070.
Full textGrosz, Magdalena [Verfasser], and Thomas [Gutachter] Rudel. "Identification of phagosomal escape relevant factors in Staphylococcus aureus infection / Magdalena Grosz ; Gutachter: Thomas Rudel." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1119710197/34.
Full textLindmark, Maria. "Regulation of phagocytosis and phagolysosome fusion in human leukocytes /." Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2003/med818s.pdf.
Full textDupieux, Céline. "Mécanismes de pathogénie intracellulaire des Straphylococcus aureus hypervirulents au cours de l'infection osseuse." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1107.
Full textStaphylococcus aureus is able to invade eukaryotic cells, in particular during bone infections, and induce cell death. Two mechanisms have been described as associated with S. aureus cytotoxicity: phagosomal escape and autophagy subversion. We investigated these two mechanisms and the respective roles of several staphylococcal toxins, alpha-toxin (Hla), phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) and beta-toxin (Hlb), in cell death, using an in vitro intracellular infection model and isogenic mutants of S. aureus. Because Hlb is required for phagosomal escape but this toxin is inactivated by a prophage inserted into the hlb gene in most of clinical isolates of S. aureus, we tested the hypothesis of an excision of this phage induced by intracellular stress. We showed that restoration of Hlb expression due to the excision of hlb-converting phage exists spontaneously but is not induced by intracellular environment and does not increase the cytotoxicity of the strain. In a second part, we explored the cytotoxicity of an hypervirulent strain of S. aureus and demonstrated that it is associated with a subversion of host cell autophagy via an inhibition of autophagosome-lysosome fusion, in a PSMa-dependent manner. Conversely, Hla, PSMß and d-toxin appear to have no intracellular role in the cytotoxicity of hypervirulent S. aureus strains. Finally, we showed that, in another genetic background of S. aureus associated with diabetic foot ulcer, cytotoxicity was linked to the ability of intracellular replication of the strain, which was modulated by the presence of a phage
Heigl, Ulrike [Verfasser], and Wulf [Akademischer Betreuer] Schneider. "Impact of tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 signalling to Listeria monocytogenes-containing phagosomes and its role for bacterial eradication / Ulrike Heigl. Betreuer: Wulf Schneider." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1030177740/34.
Full textRay, Alistair Frank. "Expression and localisation of the Mycobacterium marinum potential virulence factor, MPM70 during infection : evidence for a post-phagosomal role in pathogenesis." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10079.
Full textKlose, Matthias [Verfasser], and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Linder. "Sorting Nexin-3 beeinflusst die Reifung von Borrelien-haltigen Phagosomen durch Bildung einer Plattform für PI(3)P, Rab5a und Galectin-9 / Matthias Klose ; Betreuer: Stefan Linder." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1200102045/34.
Full textMeyer, Lena. "The Francisella pathogenicity island : its role in type VI secretion and intracellular infection." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för klinisk mikrobiologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101321.
Full textGuérin, Isabelle. "Strategies de survie des mycobacteries pathogenes dans les macrophages : role du cytosquelette d'actine sur la modulation des interactions entre les phagosomes hebergeant m. avium et les compartiments de la voie d'endocytose." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077102.
Full textCebrián, José Ignacio. "Intracellular trafficking during antigen cross presentation in dendritic cells." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T045.
Full textDendritic cells (DCs) are essential players in the initiation of adaptive T cell-mediated immune responses. They present phagocytosed antigens on class I and II molecules of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) to activate CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes, respectively. In contrast to MHC class II-restricted presentation, the intracellular pathways involved in the presentation of internalized antigens on MHC class I molecules, a process known as cross presentation, remain unclear. DCs have been shown to be the only antigen presenting cells that can perform efficiently antigen cross presentation, and this process has been involved in establishing cytotoxic immune responses against bacteria, tumours and certain viruses that do not infect DCs. Among the many features that have been proposed to be important for cross presentation, the presence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) components in phagosomes has generated a big controversy in the field. This is in part due to the fact that there is no evidence about the mechanism by which these components are recruited to the internalization pathway to encounter the antigens. Also, it is not clear if such fusion between phagosomes and the ER is absolutely required for cross presentation. Here we identify Sec22b as key regulator of cross presentation and of phagosomal functions in DCs. This protein that belongs to the SNARE family localizes to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment and pairs to the plasma membrane SNARE Syntaxin 4, which is present in phagosomes. Depletion of Sec22b in DCs inhibits the recruitment of ER-resident proteins to phagosomes and to the vacuole containing the Toxoplasma gondii parasite. In Sec22b silenced DCs, cross presentation is compromised after antigen phagocytosis or endocytosis, as well as after invasion by T. Gondii or infection by E. Coli. We also observed that ER-deficient phagosomes acquire more rapidly lysosomal markers and display a higher proteolytic activity than normal DC phagosomes. Our results suggest that the fusion of the ER to phagosomes is essential for cross presentation not only by contributing with the MHC class I presentation machinery, but also by delaying phagosome maturation and promoting cross presentation conditions
Adiko, Assi Aimé Cézaire. "Le rôle de la PI3Kinase gamma dans la fonction des cellules dendritiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC307.
Full textDendritic cells (DCs) have a major role in the immune system, being on the borderline between innate and adaptive immunity. Via their innate immune receptors, such as Toll-like receptors, they trigger an inflammatory response and via the antigen presentation by the class I and II major histocompatibility complexes (MHC), they activate the naive T cells. During my PhD, we have highlighted first several mechanisms by which DCs activate CD8 + T cells. Next, we described new mechanisms by which DCs control the inflammatory responses triggered by endosomal TLRs. We have shown that the p110 / p84 complex of PI3Kγ controls the presentation of immune complexes by facilitating the production of reactive oxygen species in type 2 conventional DCs and in monocyte-derived DCs. In parallel, we described the role of storage endosomes, a particular endosomal population, in the control of TLR9-driven inflammatory response. Finally, we contributed to the identification of the factors that regulate the dynamics of endosomes of storage in inflammatory DCs. All these results will help understanding the mechanisms that allow DC to be the best antigen presenting cell and to improve vaccination strategies or anti-tumor immunotherapy
Algret, Romain. "Le complexe SEA : Structure et Fonction d’un Nouveau Régulateur de la Voie TORC1." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T006.
Full textThe TORC1 pathway plays a major role in controlling cell growth and response to various stresses. Deregulation of this pathway is found in many cancers and other diseases. In my thesis, I have shown that the SEA complex emerges as a central regulator of the various activities of TORC1. During the nitrogen deficiency, deletions of SEA complex genes in the model organism S.cerevisiae lead to the relocation of Tor1 kinase to the cytoplasm, to defects in autophagy and the fragmentation of the vacuole. Inactivation of TORC1 by treatment with rapamycin or nitrogen starvation changes the level of expression of SEA complex members. Moreover, the SEA complex interacts with mitochondrion, plays a role in oxidative stress response and can serve as a molecular link between mitochondrial functions and TORC1 pathway. Finally, I observed that the SEA complex is involved in the mechanisms of resistance to a drug often used in chemotherapy, the doxorubicin. I present in my work the first interconnectivity map protein of the SEA complex component. Our data suggest that the SEA complex emerges as a platform that can coordinate structural and enzymatic activities necessary for the efficient function of the TORC1 signalling pathway