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Academic literature on the topic 'Phalombe District (Malawi)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Phalombe District (Malawi)"
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Jailos, Philip, Peter J. Chimtali, and Ephraim Vunain. "Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Areas Surrounding Thundulu Phosphate Mine, Phalombe District, Malawi." Tanzania Journal of Science 47, no. 3 (2021): 1310–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v47i3.38.
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Water is one of the renewable resources essential for sustaining all forms of life and quality of drinking water is very fundamental for human health. Human activities such as mining act as sources of water contamination which consequently lead to ecological, environmental and health problems. To the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted around the Thundulu Phosphate Mine to establish the quality of drinking water. In this regard, this study was carried out to evaluate the physico-chemical water quality parameters of areas surrounding the Thundulu Phosphate Mine in Phalombe District. Groundwater samples from the villages surrounding the Phosphate Mine were collected both during the wet and dry seasons for analysis of physico-chemical water quality parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, nitrate, chloride, sulphate, fluoride, iron, calcium and magnesium). The study also investigated microbiological water characteristics mainly Escherichia coli and faecal coliforms. Results showed that pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, nitrate, chloride, sulphate, phosphate, calcium and magnesium complied with the national and international standards set by Malawi Bureau of Standards (MBS) and World Health Organization (WHO). As regards to microbiological characteristics, it was revealed that water from three sources (B2, B3 and B4) was contaminated with Escherichia coli and faecal coliforms.
 Keywords: Physico-chemical; Groundwater; Phalombe; Borehole; Electrical Conductivity; Turbidity; Phosphate;
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Mthepheya, Chimwemwe Cealla Lita, and Lignet Chepuka. "Knowledge and Practices About Cervical Cancer and Screening Among Married Men in Traditional Authority Nkhumba, Phalombe District." Journal of Global Oncology 3, no. 2_suppl (2017): 30s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2017.009555.
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Abstract 37 Background: Cancer of the cervix is one of the reproductive cancers that are claiming the lives of women worldwide, and Malawi has not been spared. Of the 16 countries with the highest incidence of cervical cancer in Africa, Malawi has been rated the highest, with an incidence of 75.9. Being a reproductive disease, male involvement is critical as men control approximately 95% of sexual relationships in Malawi, but their role in cervical cancer prevention is not known. This study was carried out to investigate the knowledge and practices of married men regarding cervical cancer and screening. Methods: A cross-sectional study recruited 396 married men. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS for Windows version 16 (SPSS, Chicago, IL). Results: The majority of respondents were not knowledgeable about cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening, as 84.1% did not know the cause, nor did 88.9% know the signs or symptoms of cervical cancer. Only 4% of respondents knew the risk factors, whereas 75.5% had no knowledge. On prevention, 76.5% had no knowledge, and 68.2 % had some knowledge on cervical cancer treatment. Almost all respondents (99%) said they would encourage their spouses to undergo screening, and 71.7 % said that men, as heads of families, are responsible for deciding whether their spouse should access screening services or not. Conclusion: Men have a stake in taking part in cervical cancer prevention. This is a window of opportunity that the Ministry of Health can use to develop strategies that are tailored toward men to participate fully in cervical cancer prevention to reduce its burden. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from either author.
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Chilikutali, Andrew, Lily Kumbani, and Ursula Kafulafula. "Predictors of maternal satisfaction with childbirth experience among first-time mothers in Phalombe District, Malawi." African Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health 18, no. 1 (2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ajmw.2023.0002.
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Background/Aims Assessing maternal satisfaction with care improves healthcare professionals' understanding of women's needs at maternal healthcare services and can encourage future use of hospital-based intrapartum care. This study's aim was to explore predictors of maternal satisfaction with their childbirth experience at health facilities in Phalombe District, Malawi. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 254 first-time mothers, recruited using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analysed using bivariate and multivariate analyses to determine predictors of maternal satisfaction. Results Only half (49.2%) of participants were satisfied with their childbirth experience. Welcoming and encouraging doctors/midwives (P<0.001) and being kept informed during labour (P=0.001) were the main predictors of maternal satisfaction. Conclusions Maternal satisfaction is impacted by a woman's relationship with her care providers and the information imparted during care. To improve maternal satisfaction with care at the study site, there is a need for healthcare providers to improve their interpersonal relationships with labouring women and provide adequate information during care.
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Chimatiro, Chancy Skenard, Felistas Mpachika-Mfipa, Lumbani Tshotetsi, and Precious L. Hajison. "School-going adolescent girls’ preferences and views of family planning services in Phalombe district, Malawi: A descriptive, cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (2022): e0267603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267603.
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Background Low uptake of family planning services by adolescent girls remains a public health concern. An estimated 120 out of every 1,000 girls aged 15 to 19 years are having unplanned pregnancies in the sub-Saharan region. Between January and June 2020, the Phalombe District of Malawi reported 3,030 adolescent pregnancies. At this stage, most Malawian schools were closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The high rate of adolescent pregnancies prompted the Ministry of Health to provide emergency contraceptives to reduce the number of unplanned pregnancies among adolescents. The provision of emergency contraceptives would be effective if girls were willing and able to access these family planning services. We thus explored the views of school-going adolescent girls regarding their preferences for modern family planning methods including emergency contraceptives in Phalombe, Malawi. Methods This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study, where quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Participants included randomly sampled school-going adolescent girls from eight purposively selected secondary schools and eight randomly selected primary schools. All the schools were sampled from three purposively selected Traditional Authorities namely Nkhulambe, Jenala and Nkhumba which had reported high numbers of adolescent pregnancies. We analyzed the GeoPoints for schools and health facilities using ArcGIS, while adolescent girls’ views were analyzed using STATA. Results Participants included 388 adolescent girls, ranging in age from 10 to 19 years (median age = 15.5 years, SD = 1.9 years). Participants were hesitant to use contraceptives because they were afraid of being stigmatized and embarrassed, had to travel long distances to reach the service center, knew little about modern family planning and were afraid of medical complications. Conclusion The uptake of family planning services by adolescent girls can be improved by bringing healthcare services closer to schools and homes. Family planning services should employ health workers who are non-judgmental and who are able to remove the stigma associated with family planning. Health workers should at any given opportunity, address the misconceptions and beliefs that adolescents have towards contraceptives. Community sensitization and health talks should be done to improve adolescent girls’ understanding of family planning services.
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Gumma, Murali Krishna, Takuji W. Tsusaka, Irshad Mohammed, et al. "Monitoring Changes in the Cultivation of Pigeonpea and Groundnut in Malawi Using Time Series Satellite Imagery for Sustainable Food Systems." Remote Sensing 11, no. 12 (2019): 1475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11121475.
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Malawi, in south-eastern Africa, is one of the poorest countries in the world. Food security in the country hinges on rainfed systems in which maize and sorghum are staple cereals and groundnut and pigeonpea are now major grain legume crops. While the country has experienced a considerable reduction in forest lands, population growth and demand for food production have seen an increase in the area dedicated to agricultural crops. From 2010, pigeonpea developed into a major export crop, and is commonly intercropped with cereals or grown in double-up legume systems. Information on the spatial extent of these crops is useful for estimating food supply, understanding export potential, and planning policy changes as examples of various applications. Remote sensing analysis offers a number of efficient approaches to deliver spatial, reproducible data on land use and land cover (LULC) and changes therein. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products (fortnightly and monthly) and derived phenological parameters assist in mapping cropland areas during the agricultural season, with explicit focus on redistributed farmland. Owing to its low revisit time and the availability of long-term period data, MODIS offers several advantages, e.g., the possibility of obtaining cloud-free Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) profile and an analysis using one methodology applied to one sensor at regular acquisition dates, avoiding incomparable results. To assess the expansion of areas used in the production of pigeonpea and groundnut resulting from the release of new varieties, the spatial distribution of cropland areas was mapped using MODIS NDVI 16-day time-series products (MOD13Q1) at a spatial resolution of 250 m for the years 2010–2011 and 2016–2017. The resultant cropland extent map was validated using intensive ground survey data. Pigeonpea is mostly grown in the southern dry districts of Mulanje, Phalombe, Chiradzulu, Blantyre and Mwanza and parts of Balaka and Chikwawa as a groundnut-pigeonpea intercrop, and sorghum-pigeonpea intercrop in Mzimba district. By 2016, groundnut extent had increased in Mwanza, Mulanje, and Phalombe and fallen in Mzimba. The result indicates that the area planted with pigeonpea had increased by 29% (75,000 ha) from 2010–2011 to 2016–2017. Pigeonpea expansion in recent years has resulted from major export opportunities to Asian countries like India, and its consumption by Asian expatriates all over the world. This study provides useful information for policy changes and the prioritization of resources allocated to sustainable food production and to support smallholder farmers.
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Rivett, Michael O., Shona Symon, Lucas Jacobs, et al. "Paleo-Geohydrology of Lake Chilwa, Malawi is the Source of Localised Groundwater Salinity and Rural Water Supply Challenges." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (2020): 6909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196909.
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Meeting long-term rural community water supply needs requires diligent geohydrological conceptualisation. Study of Malawi’s Lake Chilwa Basin, including sampling of 330 water points in Phalombe District, enabled assessment of groundwater quality influence upon supply. The control of larger Lake Chilwa paleo-environments on current Basin groundwater quality is demonstrated. Lacustrine sediment deposition forming high-level deposits under open lake conditions and terrace deposits under open and closed lake conditions significantly control the groundwater major-ion quality and salinity now observed. Paleo-lake extent marks the transition between low-TDS (total dissolved solids) groundwater suitable for water supply at higher elevations and high-TDS brackish groundwater in areas overlain by lacustrine deposits closer to the current lake level. Low-TDS groundwater is limited to mid-to-low reach influent leakage of rivers incising terraces. Permeable fluvial deposits within the deeper paleo-river channel may possibly provide low-TDS water. The conceptual model, whereby paleo-lake controls groundwater salinity, provides science-based evidence to address policy to manage the significant water point functionality concerns quantified at the district and river basin scales. Targeting of the low-TDS groundwater alongside improved use of upland low-TDS stream/river sources with fewer, but larger capacity, and better maintained gravity-fed supply schemes are recommended. This study hence shows the value of paleo-geohydrology interpretation of the lake–groundwater system conceptualisation to inform Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6.5.1)—integrated water resources management policy for rural water supply.
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Nkhonjera, Joe, Leticia C. Suwedi-Kapesa, Benjamin Kumwenda, and Alinane Linda Nyondo-Mipando. "Factors Influencing Loss to Follow-up among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Exposed Infants in the Early Infant Diagnosis Program in Phalombe, Malawi." Global Pediatric Health 8 (January 2021): 2333794X2110041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x211004166.
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The efforts to prevent mother to child transmission of HIV in Malawi are impeded by the loss to follow-up of HIV-exposed infants (HEI) in care. Early infant diagnosis (EID) of HEI and linkage to care reduces morbidity and mortality. There has been limited attention to infants who are lost to follow up despite their mothers being compliant to the PMTCT program. This study explored factors that influence loss-to-follow up among HEI in the EID program whose mothers were retained in care for up to 24 months in Phalombe district, Malawi. We conducted a descriptive phenomenological qualitative study from May 2017 to July 2018. We purposively conducted 18 in-depth interviews among HIV positive mothers whose HEI were enrolled in the follow-up program and 7 key informant interviews among healthcare workers (HCW). All interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed, and translated verbatim. Data were analyzed manually using a thematic step-by-step approach. Results showed that retention in care is facilitated by aspirations to have a healthy infant and linkage to a nearer facility to a mother’s place of residency. The barriers to retention were non-disclosure of HIV status, inadequate resources, and support, suboptimal guidelines for, a lack of privacy, and unsynchronized hospital visits between a mother and her baby. The study has shown that successful implementation of EID services requires concerted efforts from various contextualized stakeholders whilst focusing on family-centered care. To maximize retention in EID and innovative ways of reaching mothers and babies through flexible guidelines are urgently needed.
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Mategula, Donnie, Collins Mitambo, William Sheahan, et al. "Malaria Burden Stratification in Malawi- A report of a consultative workshop to inform the 2023-2030 Malawi Malaria Strategic Plan." Wellcome Open Research 8 (April 19, 2023): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19110.1.
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Background: Malawi's National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) is developing a new strategic plan for 2023-2030 to combat malaria and recognizes that a blanket approach to malaria interventions is no longer feasible. To inform this new strategy, the NMCP set up a task force comprising 18 members from various sectors, which convened a meeting to stratify the malaria burden in Malawi and recommend interventions for each stratum. Methods: The burden stratification workshop took place from November 29 to December 2, 2022, in Blantyre, Malawi, and collated essential data on malaria burden indicators, such as incidence, prevalence, and mortality. Workshop participants reviewed the malaria burden and intervention coverage data to describe the current status and identified the districts as a appropriate administrative level for stratification and action. Two scenarios were developed for the stratification, based on composites of three variables. Scenario 1 included incidence, prevalence, and under-five all-cause mortality, while Scenario 2 included total malaria cases, prevalence, and under-five all-cause mortality counts. The task force developed four burden strata (highest, high, moderate, and low) for each scenario, resulting in a final list of districts assigned to each stratum. Results: The task force concluded with 10 districts in the highest-burden stratum (Nkhotakota, Salima, Mchinji, Dowa, Ntchisi, Mwanza, Likoma, Lilongwe, Kasungu and Mangochi) 11 districts in the high burden stratum (Chitipa, Rumphi, Nkhata Bay, Dedza, Ntcheu, Neno, Thyolo, Nsanje, Zomba, Mzimba and Mulanje) and seven districts in the moderate burden stratum (Karonga, Chikwawa, Balaka, Machinga, Phalombe, Blantyre, and Chiradzulu). There were no districts in the low-burden stratum. Conclusion: The next steps for the NMCP are to review context-specific issues driving malaria transmission and recommend interventions for each stratum. Overall, this burden stratification workshop provides a critical foundation for developing a successful malaria strategic plan for Malawi.
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Mudege, Netsayi N., Robert O. M. Mwanga, Norita Mdege, Tafadzwa Chevo, and Putri E. Abidin. "Scaling up of sweetpotato vine multiplication technologies in Phalombe and Chikwawa districts in Malawi: A gender analysis." NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences 85 (April 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2018.05.003.
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Kafulatira, Grace. "A qualitative study to explore the immediate effects of cyclone Freddy on vulnerable learners education in Malawi." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Comprehensive Research 3, no. 1 (2024): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54660/ijmcr.2024.3.1.33-41.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore and identify effects of Cyclone Freddy on vulnerable learners in the flood prone areas both at primary and secondary school levels. Methodology: This study used a qualitative study method, which depended on mostly secondary data, using online interviews, reviews of online news articles, social media postings and United Nations reports and observations. Data was collected from the most affected areas of Blantyre Urban, Phalombe, Mulanje, Nsanje and Chikwawa districts. Purposive and convenience sampling was applied to the education institutions to get a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. The study also targeted teachers, parents, and students of the affected schools in the districts. The tools for collecting data were questionnaires using face to face interviews, focus group interviews which mostly included observations. Information was coded and participants in this study were assured of for anonymity and confidentiality. Results: The results of the research provide a better understanding of the impacts of cyclones on education systems and possibly give pointers in terms of preparedness of education systems to cope with disasters of the same magnitude in future. Additionally, due to lack of rapid response on Psycho Social First Aid (PFA), a lot of the victims succumbed to trauma and depression. This made the go back to school campaign very difficult especially for the most vulnerable communities. Contribution to theory and practices and policy: The research findings validates the theory of disaster preparedness that exhaust all areas of rapid response as a recovery strategy, such as evacuation, supply of immediate basic needs in the areas of shelter, food, beddings and psycho-social support especially (PFA). The Government (DODMA) through Ministry of Education and other line Ministries, the donor communities and implementing partners should embark on harmonizing efforts for disaster preparedness and recovery strategies to speed up operations. Watt, (2019), suggests that, while it is a requirement to take pro-active measures to put in place realistic strategies for future natural disasters, education should also be taken as a priority in the recovery strategies.