Academic literature on the topic 'Pharmaceutic Aids'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pharmaceutic Aids"
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Hafsa, Asfa, Nuha Rasheed, and Abdul Saleem Mohammad. "Pharmaceutical Aids-a Review Study." Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 7, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2231-5713.2017.00001.0.
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The Lancet. "Pharmaceutical interests versus AIDS in Africa." Lancet 362, no. 9378 (July 2003): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13890-1.
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Chaves, Jorgete Carneiro, Ana Cristina Lo Prete, Orenzio Soler, and Carolina Heitmann Mares Azevedo Ribeiro. "Intervenções farmacêuticas e seus desfechos em portadores de HIV/AIDS em atendimento de média complexidade." Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde 13, no. 4 (April 24, 2021): e4390. http://dx.doi.org/10.25248/reas.e4390.2021.
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Objetivo: Investigar evidências sobre tipos de intervenções, dando ênfase às intervenções farmacêuticas, e seus respectivos desfechos clínicos, epidemiológicos, de acesso, humanístico e econômicos em portadores de HIV/Aids em atendimento de média complexidade. Métodos: Revisão sistemática com estratégia de busca nos estudos publicados nas bases Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, Health Evidence, Health Systems Evidence, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e Google Scholar; incluindo Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) e Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS), incluindo os domínios “Pharmaceutical attention”, “Pharmaceutical Care”, “Pharmaceutical Interventions”, “Pharmaceutical Services”, “HIV/AIDS”, “Medium Complexity Attention” e “Medium Complexity Care”, sendo adaptada para as distintas bases eletrônicas, utilizando-se dos operadores booleanos OR e AND. Resultados: Há evidências de que as intervenções farmacêuticas profissionais, financeiras, governamentais e multifacetadas, melhoram os desfechos clínicos, epidemiológicos, de acesso e equidade, humanístico e econômicos em portadores de HIV/Aids em atendimento de média complexidade. Considerações finais: Diversas intervenções farmacêuticas ao portador de HIV/Aids se mostraram importantes na melhora de desfechos clínicos, epidemiológicos, humanísticos e de acesso e equidade, tendo assim o cuidado farmacêutico se mostrado importante para fortalecer as estratégias do uso racional de medicamentos e promovendo a melhoria da qualidade de vida do paciente.
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Scheffer, Mario Cesar. "Interaction between pharmaceutical companies and physicians who prescribe antiretroviral drugs for treating AIDS." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 132, no. 1 (2014): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2014.1321609.
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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Given that Brazil has a universal public policy for supplying medications to treat HIV and AIDS, the aim here was to describe the forms of relationship between physicians and the pharmaceutical companies that produce antiretrovirals (ARVs). DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted in the state of São Paulo. METHODS : Secondary database linkage was used, with structured interviews conducted by telephone among a sample group of 300 physicians representing 2,361 professionals who care for patients with HIV and AIDS. RESULTS : Around two thirds (64%) of the physicians prescribing ARVs for HIV and AIDS treatment in the state of São Paulo who were interviewed declared that they had some form of relationship with pharmaceutical companies, of which the most frequent were receipt of publications (54%), visits by sales promoters (51%) and receipt of small-value objects (47%). CONCLUSIONS: Two forms of relationship between the pharmaceutical industry and physicians who deal with HIV and AIDS can be highlighted: facilitation of professionals' access to continuing education; and antiretroviral drug brand name promotion.
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Young, Donna. "National Pharmaceutical Stockpile aids homeland health security." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 58, no. 22 (November 15, 2001): 2112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/58.22.2112.
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Prashar, Deepak, Pooja Johri, and Sanjay Kumar. "Pharmaco-Economical Projection of HIV/AIDS Therapy." Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 2 (May 10, 2021): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52711/2231-5659.2021-11-2-10.
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The Pharmaceutical aspects of the medications are very much essential for proper drug scheduling. But the economical prospect is also essential for the proper patient compliance. These two parameters act in symbiotic relationship. Therefore, there is always the prerequisite for combining these parameters as Pharmaco-economical. This present work tries to present the Pharmaceutical medications of HIV/AIDS from economical view point/scenario.
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Chaiton, Michael, Lori M. Diemert, Susan J. Bondy, Joanna E. Cohen, Michael D. Fung, Bo R. Zhang, and Roberta G. Ferrence. "Real-World Effectiveness of Pharmaceutical Smoking Cessation Aids: Time-Varying Effects." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 22, no. 4 (September 27, 2018): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty194.
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Abstract Background There are a limited number of studies that have examined the real-world effectiveness of smoking cessation aids and relapse longitudinally in population-representative samples. This study examines the association between use of nicotine gum, patch, bupropion, and varenicline and time to relapse as well as any changes in the association with increased length of abstinence. Methods Data of 1821 current adult smokers (18+) making their first serious quit attempt were compiled from 4504 individuals enrolled in the Ontario Tobacco Survey, a representative telephone survey of Ontario adults, which followed smokers every 6 months for up to 3 years. Use of cessation aids at the time of initial report of a quit attempt was analyzed. A flexible parametric survival model was developed to model length of abstinence, controlling for potential confounders. Results The best fit model found knots at 3, 13, 43, and 212 days abstinent, suggesting different rates of relapse in the periods marked by those days. Use of the patch and varenicline was associated with lower rates of relapse, but no positive effect was found for bupropion or nicotine gum. The effectiveness of the patch reversed in effect after the first month of abstinence. Conclusions This study is one of few reports of long-term quitting in a population-representative sample and demonstrates that the effectiveness of some pharmacological cessation aids (the patch and varenicline can be seen in a population sample). Previous failures in real-world studies of the effectiveness of smoking cessation aids may reflect differences in the products individuals use and differences in the timing of self-reported cessation. Implications While a large number of randomized controlled trials have shown the efficacy of many pharmaceutical smoking cessation aids, evidence of their effectiveness in observational studies in the real world is ambiguous. This study uses a longitudinal cohort of a representative sample of smokers to show that the effectiveness of pharmaceutical cessation aids can be demonstrated in real-world use situations, but effectiveness varies by product type and has time-varying effects.
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Bomfim, José Henrique Gialongo Gonçales. "Pharmaceutical Care in Sports." Pharmacy 8, no. 4 (November 16, 2020): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8040218.
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Pharmaceutical care in sports is a new field of work to clinical pharmacists, focused on promoting pharmacotherapeutic follow up and clinical services to athletes, physical activity practitioners and enthusiasts of any sports modality. A broad range of pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements and herbal drugs have been used historically as performance promoters, doping or ergogenic aids. In this context, the role of pharmacists in prevent adverse events, drug interactions or any drug related problems, as doping issues, was described. Its actions can be important to contribute with a multi professional clinical health team, leading athletes to use these resources in a rational way, promoting and optimizing the therapeutic when its necessary.
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Awofeson, Niyi, Pieter Degeling, Jan Ritchie, and Mark Winters. "Thabo Mbeki and the AIDS 'jury'." Australian Health Review 24, no. 3 (2001): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah010074a.
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This paper examines the debate regarding efforts by the South African government to control the spread of HIVinfections, with particular reference to events surrounding the 13th International AIDS conference. We posit that thereaction of the medical, pharmaceutical, and media sectors to the stance by the President Mbeki on HIV controlamounts to an over-simplification of a very complex issue. Empathy and sincere partnership are required to addressSouth Africa's worsening AIDS situation.
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Esparza, René. "“Qué Bonita Mi Tierra”." Radical History Review 2021, no. 140 (May 1, 2021): 107–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-8841706.
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Abstract Employing an anticolonial and anticapitalist approach to HIV/AIDS, the activists of the Latina/o Caucus of ACT UP/NY pushed beyond a biomedical framework of “drugs into bodies” that tended to dominate the larger organization. As US queer racialized/colonial subjects, Latinx AIDS activists enacted a queer and feminist decolonial activism that looked past the continental United States to the global South. In Puerto Rico, Latinx AIDS activists helped establish the first chapter of ACT UP in a Spanish-speaking country. Together, the Latina/o Caucus and ACT UP/Puerto Rico spearheaded a campaign against the colonial policies of the United States, the corporate greed of island-based pharmaceutical firms, and the heteropatriarchal investments of church and commonwealth officials—conditions that exacerbated the disproportionate rates of HIV/AIDS among Puerto Rican island and diasporic communities. Through these efforts, Latinx AIDS activists transformed the domestic and global fight against AIDS into a queer, feminist, and decolonial endeavor.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pharmaceutic Aids"
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Mutsago, Alither R. "Pharmaceutical pricing : assessing the impact of factors influencing HIV/AIDS and AIDS related medicine prices in Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5728.
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Bibliography: leaves 106-114.HIV IAIDS death and mortality rates have proven to be one of the largest threats to the economies of many developing countries, in particular Zimbabwe. Twenty five percent of the adult population in Zimbabwe is HIV positive and it is estimated that at least 2000 people die every week of the disease. Consequently, there is an urgent need to find means and ways of reducing the number of premature deaths due to AIDS. Access to affordable drugs will have great impact on reducing these premature deaths in the country. However high AIDS and opportunistic infections drug prices have rendered these medicines unaffordable and inaccessible to the vast majority of the population infected with the virus. Moreover the majority of the population has to meet most of its drug cost through out of pocket payments.
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Piccoli, Nilo Jorge. "Avaliação da assistência farmacêutica em HIV/AIDS em unidades de saúde do município de Niterói." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3083.
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O fortalecimento das políticas de Assistência Farmacêutica aos usuários com HIV/AIDS é de grande importância para garantir a sustentabilidade do programa, principalmente pelos altos custos envolvidos para sua implantação e execução. Neste trabalho foi realizada uma avaliação da Assistência Farmacêutica em HIV/AIDS no município de Niterói, com ênfase no seu gerenciamento. O trabalho teve como objetivo responder duas perguntas avaliativas: As condições de estrutura e os processos de trabalho existentes são adequados para que se exerça uma assistência farmacêutica de qualidade às pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS (PHVA) atendidas no município de Niterói? As condições de estrutura e os processos de trabalho existentes são adequados para que se garanta o acesso aos medicamentos ARV e para infecções oportunistas às PHVA atendidas no município de Niterói? O desenho da avaliação foi o de um estudo de caso, e a abordagem utilizada foi uma avaliação normativa com foco na qualidade, envolvendo análise da estrutura, do processo e dos resultados, através da construção de um modelo lógico teórico. Das oito UDM existentes no município, seis foram avaliadas neste trabalho. Foram construídas matrizes de relevância e de análise e julgamento, em que os indicadores foram divididos em quatro grupos, de acordo com os componentes da assistência farmacêutica sob a responsabilidade do município descritos no modelo lógico. Os indicadores foram inicialmente analisados individualmente, destacando-se como pontos positivos a disponibilidade dos ARV, a ausência de medicamentos vencidos e de prescrições em desacordo com o consenso de tratamento para pacientes com HIV/AIDS, bem como a boa orientação dos pacientes no uso dos medicamentos ARV. Como problemas destacaram-se os baixos índices de conformidade em relação a boas práticas de dispensação e armazenamento e um prazo elevado para a distribuição dos medicamentos. Foram também efetuadas análises por componente da assistência farmacêutica, em que apenas o componente distribuição obteve um grau de qualidade aceitável. Considerando-se as dimensões de avaliação disponibilidade de recursos, organização da assistência e qualidade técnica, os resultados mostraram deficiências na dimensão organização da assistência. O resultado individual de cada UDM mostrou que apenas duas possuem grau de qualidade bom, e o resultado geral para a FMS de Niterói foi de 50,3% de atendimento aos critérios de qualidade, considerado apenas regular. Foram sugeridas propostas de ações e intervenções, entre elas, a melhoria nas condições estruturais das farmácias das unidades de saúde do município, e aumento na capacitação dos profissionais envolvidos com a assistência para melhoria dos processos de trabalho
The strengthening of the pharmaceutical services to patients having HIV/AIDS is of major importance to maintain the sustainability mainly for its high implementation and execution costs. On this paper it was performed an evaluation of the pharmaceutical HIV services in the city of Niterói, emphasizing its management. The study aimed to answer two evaluative questions: The structure and existing work processes are suitable for guarantee pharmaceutical services’ quality to people living with HIV (PHVA) in Niterói? The structure and existing work processes are adequate to ensure access to medicines for opportunistic infections and ARV patients to PHVA in Niterói? The evaluation design was a case study, and a normative approach focusing on quality was also used, involving analysis of the structure, process and results, by building a logical theoretical model. Out of the eight existing UDM in the city, six were evaluated in this study. Matrices of relevance and analysis and judgment were created, in which the indicators were divided into four groups according to the components of the pharmaceutical services under the responsibility of the city described in the logical model. The indicators were initially analyzed individually, where as positive points, the availability of ARVs, the absence of expired drugs and prescriptions in disagreement with the consensus of treatment for patients with HIV / AIDS as well as good guide of patients in the use of antiretroviral medications were highlighted. The main problems identified were the low levels of conformity against good practice criteria of dispensing and storage and a high period for the medicine distribution. Pharmaceutical services components were also analyzed and distribution was the only component that obtained an acceptable level of quality. The dimensions availability of resources, organization of services and technical quality were investigated and the organization of services aspect obtained the lowest grade. The individual result of each UDM showed that only two achieved good quality degrees, and the overall result to Niterói’s FMS was 50.3 %, which was considered only regular. Actions and interventions have been suggested, amongst them, the improvement of the structural conditions of pharmacies’ health facilities in the city, and an increase in the training of professionals involved with assistance to improve work processes
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Ledwaba, Neria Hunadi. "Identification of employees needs to be addressed in the HIV/AIDS programme at Aventis Pharmaceutical Company." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11182003-132232.
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Ludick, Christopher Vernon. "Assessing the micro-economic impact of HIV/AIDS on a South African pharmaceutical manufacturer as well as evaluating their policy on HIV/AIDS." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49857.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV infection has increased sharply in SA over the past decade, from almost zero to a level where between 4-6 million citizens are estimated to be HIV positive (i.e. around Il percent of the total population). Given the considerable lag and link between the HIV and AIDS epidemic, the mortality consequences of this exponential increase in HIV infection over the 1990s are more or less matter-of-fact over the coming decade; even drastic interventions can do little to avoid this reality, albeit possibly impactingfurther beyond. The health care industry, and more specifically the pharmaceutical industry, is the only industry that can have a direct impact on the outcome of the epidemic in terms of provision of antiretroviral drugs. More importantly, the decision by multinational companies to provide voluntary licensing to local SA pharmaceutical manufacturers for the manufacturing of generic ARVs has gone a long way into achieving the World Health Organisations' objective of providing an ARV cocktail for less than $1,00 per day. The mam aim of the study is to establish and study the micro-economic effect of HIV/AIDS on a South African pharmaceutical manufacturer and to evaluate their HIV/AIDS Policy with the framework of the mV/AIDS & SID Strategie Plan for South Africa 2000-2005. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to obtain data from various key informants, manufacturers and market survey companies. The analysis of quantitative data was done using Excel software and a descriptive analysis method was used to interpret the data. The key findings from the study are that Aspen Pharmacare will experience a 20,8 % HIV prevalence rate in 2005, which will progressively increase to a 25,6 % level in 2015. This prevalence level will be severely experienced in the skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled employment of the company during the 2010 period and will start to stabilise in the latter part of 2015. The AIDS prevalence in the company will increase from a 2,0 % level in 2005 to a 4,4 % level in 2015. This increase is largely due to the increase in the prevalence rates in the semi-skilled and unskilled employees. At a senior management level the forecasted number of employees that will have clinical AIDS after 2010 is between 6 and 8. This clearly indicates that mv/AIDS prevalence at this level is independent of race and is lifestyle dependent. If the company were to have the full responsibility for the provision of benefits, based on the current expected employee benefit structures, the direct cost to company would add 10 % to salary and wages by 2005 and around 20 % by 2010. Indirect costs to company, such as recruitment and training, increased labour turnover, lost skills and intellectual property, etc. are estimated to be 2,5 % by 2005 and 5 % by 2010. With the high HIV/AIDS prevalence rates, especially amongst the unemployed, companies will have to carry the costs of their mv/AIDS patients for longer and register then with Aid for AIDS when it becomes too costly. More importantly employers will have to investigate the cost implication of assisting employee dependents, as this will have a direct impact on the morale of the employees. Aspen Pharmacares' mv/AIDS Policy goes beyond the requirements of the mv/AIDS Strategic Plan for SA in terms of the legal and social requirements. The company also has a Corporate Social Investment division that assists many NGOs, clinics, hospitals and communities. Based on the intellectual property, the pharmaceutical competencies and the continuous dialogue that exists between the pharmaceutical industry and the department of health, the researcher concludes, that pharmaceutical companies have an advantage over nonpharmaceutical companies in dealing with the mv/AIDS issues. The paper concludes by suggesting recommendations that companies can adopt to ensure that their mv/AIDS policy can form a significant component of their skills retention strategy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: MIV infeksie het skerp gestyg in SA oor die laaste dekade, vanaf amper geen tot 'n vlak waar tussen 4-6 miljoen inwoners beraam word om MIV positiefte wees (minstens 11% van die totale bevolking). Gegee die aansienlike vertraging en skakel tussen die MIV en VIGS epidemie, word die eksponensiële toename in die sterfte syfer as gevolg van MIV infeksies gedurende die jare negentig as vanselfsprekend aanvaar in die komende dekade. Selfs ingrypende veranderinge kan min doen om hierdie katastrofe te keer. Die gesondheidsorg industrie, en meer spesifiek die farmaseutiese industrie is die enigste industrie wat 'n direkte slag kan slaan om die uitkoms van die epidemie te beinvloed, in terme van voorsiening van antiretrovirale medisyne. Die besluit van die multinasionale maatskappye om vrywillige lisensiëring aan plaaslike farmaseutiese maatskappye te bied, vir die vervaardiging van generiese antiretrovirale medisyne, is een stap vorentoe om by die doelwit van die Wereld Gesondheidsorg Organisasie se doelwit van die voorsiening van 'n daaglikse toediening van antiretrovirale medisyne van minder as $1.00 per dag. Die primêre doelwit van hierdie projek is om te bepaal wat die mikro-ekonomiese effek van MIV/VIGS op 'n Suid Afriakaanse farmaseutiese vervaardiger is en hul MIV/VIGS beleid te evalueer binne die raamwerk van die MIV/VIGS en SOS Strategiese Plan vir SA 2000-2005. Beide kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe metodes is gebruik om data te verkry vanaf verskeie bronne, vervaardigers en marknavorsings maatskappye. Die kwantitatiewe inligting was geanaliseer deur gebruik te maak van "Excel" sagteware en 'n beskrywende analitiese metode was gebruik om die data te interpreteer. Die hoof bevindinge van die studie is dat Aspen Pharmacare 'n MIV infeksie vlak van 20.8 % in 2005 sal ondervind, wat progressief sal toeneem tot 25,6 % in 2015. Hierdie infeksie vlak sal in die geskoolde, semi-geskoolde en ongeskoolde arbeid die ergste voorkom gedurende die 2010 periode en sal dan stabiliseer in die latere gedeelte van 2015. Die VIGS infeksie vlak in die maatskappy sal toeneem vanaf 2,0 % in 2005 tot 'n 4,4 % in 2015. Hierdie toename kan toegeskryf word aan die toename in die infeksie vlakke van die semi-geskoolde and ongeskoolde arbeid. Op die senior bestuurs vlak word beraam dat tussen 6 en 8 werknemers VIGS onder lede sal hê na 2010. Hierdie beraming toon duidelik aan dat MIV/VIGS op hierdie vlak onafhankilik van kleurgroup is en direk leefstyl verwant is. Gebaseer op die huidige verwagte werknemer voordele struktuur, en die feit dat die maatskappy volle verantwoordelikheid sou aanvaar vir die voorsiening van voordele, word beraam dat die direkte koste as gevolg van MIV/VIGS 'n toename van 10 % in 2005 en 20 % in 2010 by salarisse en lone sal voeg. 'n Toename van 2,5 % in 2005 en 5 % in 2010 word beraam vir indirekte koste (werwing van personeel, opleiding, ens.)as gevolg van MIV/VIGS. Met die hoë MIV/VIGS infeksievlakke, veral onder werkloses, sal maatskappye die kostes vebonde aan hul MIV/VIGS werknemers vir langer moet verduur en dan later sulke werknemers registreer by "Aid for AIDS" indien dit onbekostigbaar word. Belangriker is die feit dat werknemers die koste implikasie bepaal in die verband, omdat dit 'n direkte invloed sal hê op werknemer selfvertroue. Aspen Pharmacare se MIV/VIGS beleid bied meer as die wettige en sosiale vereistes soos uiteengesit in die MIV/VIGS en SOS Strategiese Plan vir SA 2000-2005. Die maatskappy het ook 'n Korporatiewe Maatskaplike Beleggings afdeling wat 'n bydra lewer by NGOs, klinieke,hospitale en gemeenskappe. Gebaseer op die intelligensie eiendom, die farmaseutiese bekwaamheid en die aanhoudende gesprekvoering wat bestaan tussen die farmaseutiese bedryf en die department van gesondheid, oortuig die navorser dat farmaseutiese maatskappye 'n voordeel het bo nie-farmaseutiese maatskappye in die hantering van die MIV/VIGS strydvraag. Hierdie studie sluit af met aanbevelings wat maatskappye kan toepas om te verseker dat hul MIV/VIGS beleid 'n betekenisvolle komponent van hul bekwaanheids retensie strategie is.
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Baird, P. D. "Computational aids to the structural analysis of molecules of interest to the medicinal chemist." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386785.
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Purushothaman, Nair Vipin Devi Prasad. "Pharmaceutical analysis and drug interaction studies : African potato (Hypoxis hemerocallidea)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015802.
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In order for a medicinal product to produce a consistent and reliable therapeutic response, it is essential that the final composition of the product is invariable and that the active ingredient/s is/are present in appropriate, non-toxic amounts. However, due to the complexity involved in the standardization of natural products, quality control (QC) criteria and procedures for the registration and market approval of such products are conspicuously absent in most countries around the world. African Potato (AP) is of great medical interest and this particular plant has gained tremendous popularity following the endorsement by the South African Minister of Health as a remedy for HIV/ AIDS patients. Very little information has appeared in the literature to describe methods for the quantitative analysis of hypoxoside, an important component in AP. It has also been claimed that sterols and sterolins present in AP are responsible for its medicinal property but is yet to be proven scientifically. To-date, no QC methods have been reported for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of the combination, β- sitosterol (BSS)/ stigmasterol (STG)/ stigmastanol (STN), purported to be present in preparations containing AP. The effect of concomitant administration of AP and other herbal medicines on the safety and efficacy of conventional medicines has not yet been fully determined. Amongst the objectives of this study was to develop and validate quantitative analytical methods that are suitable for the assay and quality control of plant material, extracts and commercial formulations containing AP. Hypoxoside was isolated from AP and characterized for use as a reference standard for the quality control of AP products and a stability-indicating HPLC/ UV assay method for the quantitative determination of hypoxoside was developed. In addition, a quantitative capillary zone electrophoretic (CZE) method was developed to determine hypoxoside, specifically for its advantages over HPLC. A HPLC method was also developed and validated for the quantitative analysis of BSS, STG and STN in commercially available oral dosage forms containing AP material or extracts thereof. The antioxidant activity of an aqueous extract of lyophilized corms of AP along with hypoxoside and rooperol were investigated. In comparison with the AP extracts and also with hypoxoside, rooperol showed significant antioxidant activity. The capacity of AP, (extracts, formulations, hypoxoside and rooperol as well as sterols to inhibit in vitro metabolism of drug substrates by human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes such as CYP 3A4, 3A5 and CYP19 were investigated. Samples were also assessed for their effect on drug transport proteins such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Various extracts of AP, AP formulations, stigmasterol and the norlignans, in particular the aglycone rooperol, exhibited inhibitory effects on CYP 3A4, 3A5 and CYP19 mediated metabolism.These results suggest that concurrent therapy with AP and other medicines, in particular antiretroviral drugs, can have important implications for safety and efficacy. Large discrepancies in marker content between AP products were found. Dissolution testing of AP products was investigated as a QC tool and the results also revealed inconsistencies between different AP products.
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Milward, de Azevedo Meiners Constance Marie. "Pharmaceutical technology incorporation and affordability of HIV/AIDS treatment in developing countries : an analysis of the Brazilian response." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1100.
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En 2010, l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) a publié de nouvelles recommandations pour le traitement contre le Vih/Sida dans le but d'améliorer la qualité des thérapies antirétrovirales (TARV) distribuées dans les pays en voie de développement (PED). Cependant, les coûts de plus en plus importants liés à l'incorporation des antirétroviraux (ARV) de nouvelle génération, associés à l'intensification de la protection des droits de la propriété intellectuelle (DPI), accentuent le déséquilibre entre les priorités d'expansion de la couverture des patients et les objectifs d'amélioration des traitements, ce qui favorise la pérennité d'un double standard de soins dans le monde. Cette thèse a pour objectif d'analyser les déterminants de l'incorporation des nouvelles technologies et de l'évolution des prix des ARV pour mieux comprendre leur impact sur la qualité et l'accessibilité financière des TARV dans les PED. La présente recherche est basée sur la politique brésilienne de TARV et les leçons qu'elle peut apporter dans la lute contre l'épidémie du Vih/Sida. La première partie de la thèse porte sur les critères utilisés pour l'incorporation des nouveaux médicaments dans les protocoles cliniques de TARV. L'étude part des méthodes de l'analyse de contenu et statistique pour examiner l'impact des prix des ARVs sur les recommandations thérapeutiques et comment celles-ci influencent la pratique médicaleIn 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) published new HIV/AIDS treatment recommendations which aim at improving the quality of antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivered in developing countries. Nonetheless, the higher costs of incorporating new and more potent antiretrovirals (ARVs), coupled by the intensification of intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection, put in evidence a growing trade-off between patient coverage expansion priorities and treatment quality objectives, which tend to favor the perpetuation of a double standard of HIV care in the world.This thesis aims at analyzing the determinants of technology incorporation and price evolution in HIV care as the basis for discussing how these can impact both the quality and affordability of ART in low and middle-income settings. The present research takes as reference the Brazilian ART policy and the insights it may provide in the fight against the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The first part of this thesis addresses the criteria used for the incorporation of novel drugs in ART guidelines. Content and statistical analyses are used to examine the impact of ARV prices on therapeutic recommendations and how the latter have been able to influence clinical practice. They show that, although efficacy, toxicity and dosing convenience represent major determinants of ART incorporation decisions in Brazil, costs have most recently started influencing deferral in the use of new ARVs. The second part takes into account the role of patent protection on pharmaceutical innovation and pricing, further employing descriptive and econometric approaches to analyze ARV market structure and prices in Brazil
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Östlund, Martin, Nils Dahlbäck, and Göran Ingemar Petersson. "3D Visualization as a Communicative Aid in Pharmaceutical Advice-Giving over Distance." Linköpings universitet, NLPLAB - Laboratoriet för databehandling av naturligt språk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-72149.
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Background: Medication misuse results in considerable problems for both patient and society. It is a complex problem with many contributing factors, including timely access to product information. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanObjective: To investigate the value of 3-dimensional (3D) visualization paired with video conferencing as a tool for pharmaceutical advice over distance in terms of accessibility and ease of use for the advice seeker. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: We created a Web-based communication service called AssistancePlus that allows an advisor to demonstrate the physical handling of a complex pharmaceutical product to an advice seeker with the aid of 3D visualization and audio/video conferencing. AssistancePlus was tested in 2 separate user studies performed in a usability lab, under realistic settings and emulating a real usage situation. In the first study, 10 pharmacy students were assisted by 2 advisors from the Swedish National Co-operation of Pharmacies call centre on the use of an asthma inhaler. The student-advisor interview sessions were filmed on video to qualitatively explore their experience of giving and receiving advice with the aid of 3D visualization. In the second study, 3 advisors from the same call centre instructed 23 participants recruited from the general public on the use of 2 products: (1) an insulin injection pen, and (2) a growth hormone injection syringe. First, participants received advice on one product in an audio-recorded telephone call and for the other product in a video-recorded AssistancePlus session (product order balanced). In conjunction with the AssistancePlus session, participants answered a questionnaire regarding accessibility, perceived expressiveness, and general usefulness of 3D visualization for advice-giving over distance compared with the telephone and were given a short interview focusing on their experience of the 3D features. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: In both studies, participants found the AssistancePlus service helpful in providing clear and exact instructions. In the second study, directly comparing AssistancePlus and the telephone, AssistancePlus was judged positively for ease of communication (P = .001), personal contact (P = .001), explanatory power (P andlt;.001), and efficiency (P andlt;.001). Participants in both studies said that they would welcome this type of service as an alternative to the telephone and to face-to-face interaction when a physical meeting is not possible or not convenient. However, although AssistancePlus was considered as easy to use as the telephone, they would choose AssistancePlus over the telephone only when the complexity of the question demanded the higher level of expressiveness it offers. For simpler questions, a simpler service was preferred. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions: 3D visualization paired with video conferencing can be useful for advice-giving over distance, specifically for issues that require a higher level of communicative expressiveness than the telephone can offer. 3D-supported advice-giving can increase the range of issues that can be handled over distance and thus improve access to product information.Funding Agencies|eHealth Institute by the National Cooperation of Swedish Pharmacies-Apoteket AB, Linnaeus University (previously University of Kalmar)||Regional Council in Kalmar County||Kalmar County Council||Municipality of Kalmar||
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Seuanes, Gabriela de Campos. "Estudo do perfil dos pacientes portadores do HIV/aids que retiram medicação antirretroviral em atraso e suas consequências na adesão ao tratamento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60135/tde-21122015-162921/.
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Desde a sua descoberta, no início da década de 80, o HIV/aids, constituiu-se como uma doença que ultrapassa os limites da dimensão biomédica, apresentando diversos desafios à sociedade. No Brasil, estima-se que aproximadamente 734 mil pessoas vivem com HIV/aids. Foram desenvolvidas diferentes classes de drogas antirretrovirais para seu tratamento; as quais são eficazes para o controle parcial da replicação viral. Sem a descoberta da cura, é imprescindível que as pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids sigam as recomendações da equipe de saúde, aderindo ao tratamento proposto; aumentando sua qualidade de vida, bem como contribuindo para a diminuição da transmissão do vírus. Durante o tratamento, algumas dificuldades podem surgir, determinando momentos de maior ou menor adesão ao mesmo e os profissionais de saúde, dentre eles, os farmacêuticos, devem estar atentos a estes momentos. Este estudo transversal teve como objetivo analisar a retirada do TARV nos últimos 24 meses e investigar os possíveis fatores que levam a retirada desta medicação de forma irregular na Unidade Especial de Tratamento de Doenças Infecciosas (UETDI) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo. Participaram 250 pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids que retiram a medicação na Farmácia do local do estudo. Os participantes foram separados em dois grupos: Grupo em Atraso e Grupo Controle segundo seus históricos de dispensação da TARV nos vinte e quatro meses anteriores a realização das entrevistas. Predominaram participantes do sexo masculino (57,6%), com mais de 40 anos (76%), brancos (51,6%), com baixa escolaridade (48,4%), sem parceiro fixo (52,4%), residentes em Ribeirão Preto (63,6%). Todas as variáveis foram relacionadas em um estudo univariado e aquelas com um valor de \"p\" igual ou menor que 0,2 foram selecionadas para análise multivariada. As associações entre variáveis selecionadas e a retirada irregular comparada com a retirada regular, foi estimada pela estimativa com intervalo de confiança de 95%. As variáveis que mostraram associação com a retirada da TARV em atraso foram: fazer uso de outro medicamento além da TARV, apresentar resultado de exame de carga viral como detectável, ter, no início do período analisado, contagem de linfócitos T CD4 menor que 200 células /mm3 e ter baixa adesão como resultado do Teste de Morisky- GreenSince its discovery in the early 80s, HIV / AIDS was established as a disease that pushes the boundaries of biomedical dimension, presenting many challenges to the society. In Brazil, there are almost 734,000 people carrying HIV / AIDS. Different classes of antiretroviral drugs were developed for their treatment, which are effective in partial control of viral replication. Yet incurable disease it is essential that people living with HIV / AIDS follow the recommendations of the health care agents, adhering to the proposed treatment, increasing their quality of life, and contributing to the reduction of transmission of the virus. During treatment, some difficulties may arise, determining moments of greater or lesser adherence, and pharmacists among other health professionals, should be aware of these moments. This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the withdrawal of ART in the last 24 months, and investigate the possible factors that lead the medication withdrawal erratically on Special Treatment of Infectious Diseases Unit (UETDI) of the Clinics Hospital - School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo. Two hundred and fifty people living with HIV / AIDS got medication in the study site pharmacy. Participants were divided into two groups: Group Control and Group Delay, according to their historical dispensing of ART in twenty-four months prior to the interviews; predominant male participants (57.6%) with more than 40 years (76%), white (51.6%), with low education (48.4%), with no steady partner (52.4%), residents in Ribeirão Preto (63.6%). All variables related in a univariate analysis, and those with a value of \"p\" equal to or smaller than 0.2 were selected for multivariate analysis. The associations between selected variables, and the irregular removal compared to regular withdrawal were estimated with 95% confidence interval. The variables that were associated with the withdrawal of ART arrears, and making use of another drug in addition to HAART, presented results of viral load test as detectable, having the beginning of period analyzed, CD4 lymphocyte count less than 200 cells / mm3, and have low compliance as a result of Morisky- Green test.
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Vielmo, Laura. "A IMPORTÂNCIA DA ATENÇÃO FARMACÊUTICA NA ADESÃO A TERAPIA ANTIRRETROVIRAL NO HIV/AIDS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5823.
Full textAbstract:
With chronicity of AIDS and the increasing number of patients on Antiretroviral
Therapy (ART) monitoring of adherence to treatment has become a priority in public health,
for maintenance of high rates of adherence depends on the success of treatment.
In front of a situation of chronic disease, challenges arise, determining the need for
new practices related to adherence monitoring of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA)
and before this context, the Pharmaceutical Care presents itself as an instrument to improve
adherence to TARV, since studies show that the Pharmaceutical Care is able to improve
adherence.
So, the objective was to evaluate the influence of Pharmaceutical Care on adherence to
antiretrovirals in PVHA starting treatment in a Dispenser Unit Antiretroviral Drugs (UDM).
The longitudinal study has been realized with convenience sampling where included
patients starting TARV in naïve patients, were divided into two study groups. The
intervention group received Pharmaceutical care and monitoring, while the control group
followed the routine care of the service. Adherence to treatment was confirmed by self-report,
regular withdrawals of ARV and evolution of viral load.
The profile of PLHA included in this study presented social demographic
characteristics that follow the national epidemiological trends. Adherence to antiretroviral
therapy showed better results in the intervention group. It was found that the highest number
of dropouts in the control group occurred when patients given medical follow-up in public
health services compared with individuals.
The results of the study allowed the development of a protocol for application in
Pharmaceutical care routine UDM.Com a cronicidade da AIDS e o crescente número de pacientes em uso de Terapia Antirretroviral (TARV) a monitorização da adesão ao tratamento se tornou uma das prioridades em saúde pública, pois da manutenção de altas taxas de adesão depende o sucesso do tratamento. Diante do quadro de cronicidade da doença, surgem desafios, determinando a necessidade de novas práticas relacionadas ao monitoramento da adesão das Pessoas Vivendo com HIV/AIDS (PVHA) e diante desse contexto, a Atenção Farmacêutica apresenta-se como um dos instrumentos para melhorar a adesão a TARV, uma vez que estudos mostram que a Atenção Farmacêutica é capaz de melhorar a adesão. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a influência da Atenção Farmacêutica na adesão aos antirretrovirais em PVHA em início de tratamento em uma Unidade Dispensadora de Medicamentos Antirretrovirais (UDM). Para tal, foi realizado um estudo longitudinal com amostragem por conveniência onde se incluiu pacientes em início de TARV virgens de tratamento, alocados em dois grupos de estudo. O grupo intervenção recebeu Atenção Farmacêutica e acompanhamento, enquanto que, o grupo controle seguiu a rotina de atendimento do serviço. A adesão ao tratamento foi comprovada através de autorrelato, regularidade nas retiradas de ARV e evolução da carga viral. O perfil das PVHA incluídas neste estudo apresentou características sócias demográficas que seguem as tendências epidemiológicas nacionais. A adesão a TARV apresentou melhores resultados no grupo de intervenção. Verificou-se que, o maior número de abandonos no grupo controle ocorreu quando os pacientes recebiam acompanhamento médico nos serviços de saúde público em comparação com os particulares. Os resultados do estudo permitiram o desenvolvimento de um Protocolo de Atenção Farmacêutica para aplicação na rotina da UDM.
Books on the topic "Pharmaceutic Aids"
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Breindel, Barbara. Emerging markets for drugs & vaccines for AIDS and AIDS-related infections. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1993.
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Genocide by denial: How profiteering from HIV/AIDS killed millions. Kampala: Fountain Publishers, 2008.
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Pharmaceutical calculations for the pharmacy technician. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008.
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Network, Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal. Controlling drug costs for people living with HIV/AIDS: Federal regulation of pharmaceutical prices in Canada. [Montréal]: Canadian HIV/Aids Legal Network = Réseau juridique canadien VIH/sida, 2004.
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Dixon, John Edward. Catastrophic rights: Experimental drugs & AIDS. Vancouver: New Star Books, 1990.
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Dixon, John Edward. Catastrophic rights: Experimental drugs & AIDS. Vancouver: New Star Books, 1990.
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Hanim, Lutfiyah. Membuka akses pada obat melalui pelaksanaan paten oleh pemerintah Indonesia. Jakarta: Third World Network, 2010.
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Frost & Sullivan. AIDS diagnostic, monitoring, and therapeutic markets: Technological assessment and financial impact. Mountain View, CA: Frost & Sullivan, 1994.
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American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, ed. Understanding pharmacology for pharmacy technicians. Bethesda, Md: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2012.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Pharmaceutic Aids"
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Nahler, Gerhard. "standardized decision aids (SDA)." In Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 173. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_1322.
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Cafaro, Aurelio, Iole Macchia, Maria Teresa Maggiorella, Fausto Titti, and Barbara Ensoli. "Innovative Approaches to Develop Prophylactic and Therapeutic Vaccines against HIV/AIDS." In Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 189–242. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1132-2_14.
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Verweij, Marcel. "The Pharmaceutical Industry and the AIDS Crisis." In Issues in Business Ethics, 37–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8966-3_4.
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Verweij, Marcel. "Case Description: The Pharmaceutical Industry and the AIDS Crisis." In European Business Ethics Cases in Context, 33–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9334-9_4.
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Massard da Fonseca, Elize. "Public Production of Medicines and HIV/AIDS Activists: New Actors in the Generic Drug Regulatory Process." In The Politics of Pharmaceutical Policy Reform, 71–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12565-7_5.
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Brown, E. G., L. Brown, and D. Stevens. "A customized game as an aid for medical representative training." In The Focus for Pharmaceutical Knowledge, 293–99. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09571-1_40.
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Ho, Calvin W. L., and Tsung-Ling Lee. "Global Governance of Anti-microbial Resistance: A Legal and Regulatory Toolkit." In Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health, 401–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27874-8_25.
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Abstract Recognizing that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious threat to global public health, the World Health Organization (WHO) has adopted a Global Action Plan (GAP) at the May 2015 World Health Assembly. Underscoring that systematic misuse and overuse of drugs in human medicine and food production is a global public health concern, the GAP-AMR urges concerted efforts across governments and private sectors, including pharmaceutical industry, medical professionals, agricultural industry, among others. The GAP has a threefold aim: (1) to ensure a continuous use of effective and safe medicines for treatment and prevention of infectious diseases; (2) to encourage a responsible use of medicines; and (3) to engage countries to develop their national actions on AMR in keeping with the recommendations. While the GAP is a necessary step to enable multilateral actions, it must be supported by effective governance in order to realize the proposed aims. This chapter has a threefold purpose: (1) To identify regulatory principles embedded in key WHO documents relating to AMR and the GAP-AMR; (2) To consider the legal and regulatory actions or interventions that countries could use to strengthen their regulatory lever for AMR containment; and (3) To highlight the crucial role of the regulatory lever in enabling other levers under a whole-of-system approach. Effective AMR containment requires a clearer understanding of how the regulatory lever could be implemented or enabled within health systems, as well as how it underscores and interacts with other levers within a whole-of-system approach.
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Venugopalaswamy, C., and K. Ambabai. "Pharmaceutical Processes." In Practical Aids to Dispensing: Pharmacy and Experimental Pharmacology, 119. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11740_5.
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Venugopalaswamy, C., and K. Ambabai. "Pharmaceutical Calculations." In Practical Aids to Dispensing: Pharmacy and Experimental Pharmacology, 124. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11740_6.
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Delaney, Martin. "AIDS Activism and the Pharmaceutical Industry." In Ethics and the Pharmaceutical Industry, 300–325. Cambridge University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511610769.024.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Pharmaceutic Aids"
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Ibrahim, Meram, Banan Mukhalalati, Majdoleen Al alawneh, and Ahmed Awaisu. "Qatar National Vision 2030." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0226.
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Introduction: The United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. One of these goals describes achieving a Universal Health Coverage by 2030. This signifies workforce planning in healthcare professions (United Nations, 2015). The International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) published reports about pharmacy workforce planning in several countries. However, data about Qatar was not included in these reports. In 2017, FIP developed a transformational roadmap of pharmaceutical workforce and education. One component of the roadmap is the Pharmaceutical Workforce Development Goals (PWDGs) (International Pharmaceutical Federation, 2016). This research aims to conduct a self-assessment of the pharmaceutical workforce and education in Qatar in relation to the FIP’s PWDGs. This will be followed by prioritization of the identified gaps and recommendation of measures to address them. Methods: Three rounds of conventional Delphi technique (Hasson et al., 2000) are conducted with expert panels in the College of Pharmacy at Qatar University and the Ministry of Public Health, utilizing the FIP’s self-assessment survey. Content analysis is used to analyse and prioritize the identified gaps. Results: The lack of competency framework (PWDG5), workforce data (PWDG12), and workforce policy formation (PWDG13) are the three major gaps in the provision of pharmaceutical workforce and pharmacy education in Qatar, influencing other PWDGs. These gaps need to be addressed by the formation of Qatari Pharmaceutical Association through which academic, practice, and policymaking sectors can work together in developing a health workforce intelligence system. Conclusion: The results indicated that PWDGs are interrelated and a gap in one goal can negatively influence others (Bruno et al., 2018). Results and recommendations of this research will facilitate the implementation of strategic plans across leading pharmacy sectors to meet health needs in Qatar and achieve the third pillar of the Qatar National Vision 2030 “A Healthy Population: Physically and Mentally” (General Secretariat for Development, 2008).
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Hyun, Sinjae, Sun Jin Moon, and Chong S. Kim. "Computational Modeling of Aerosol Deposition Characteristics in Cyclic Bifurcating Tube Flow." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19169.
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An accurate model of the human respiratory system allows health scientists to gain insight into the interactions between particulate matter (PM) and the exposed surfaces of the lung airways. Respiratory dose simulations and modeling are frequently used for evaluating health effects of inhaled toxic substances [1–4] and for analyzing the risk potentials of inhaled toxic or harmful PM such as vehicle emissions [4,5]. Pharmaceutical companies and pulmonologists find it useful in evaluating efficacy of inhaled medicinal aerosols and devising new patient treatment regimen [6–8], especially in vulnerable population groups such as children, industrial workers, and the elderly [10]. Recently, the respiratory system has seen increased attention as a possible venue for drug delivery to fight diseases such as AIDS, diabetes, and various cancers, among others. Computational fluid dynamics modeling and simulation continues to be an important tool for understanding of delivery of pharmaceutical aerosols to the lung airways and thereby improving treatment of airway disease, particularly, asthma with bronchodilators and corticosteroids inhalers [11,12].
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Laghrabli, Samia, Loubna Benabbou, and Abdelaziz Berrado. "Multi-criteria decision aid model for transportation supplier selection: Case of a pharmaceutical supply chain." In 2016 3rd International Conference on Logistics Operations Management (GOL). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gol.2016.7731703.
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Liberati, Caterina, Elisa Arrigo, and Paolo Mariani. "A Multivariate Approach to Facebook Data for Marketing Communication." In CARMA 2016 - 1st International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2016.2016.2974.
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The aim of this paper is to propose a method to explore and synthesize social media data in order to aid businesses to make their communication decisions. The research was conducted at the end of 2014 on 5607 Italian Facebook subjects interested in drugs and health. In this study, we refer to the pharmaceutical market that is characterized by strict legal constraints, which prevent any promotional activities (such as advertising) of companies on prescription drugs. Thus, pharmaceutical businesses tend to promote their corporate brand instead of a single product brand. In such context, social media offer the opportunity to gather customers’ information about their attitudes and preferences, helpful to address marketing activities. Through a multivariate statistical approach on Facebook data, we have highlighted the associations existing between TV channels and users’ profiles. Therefore, depending on the value proposition to promote, every business could choose, first, the target group to reach and, then, the nearest suitable channel where to develop the corporate brand communication.
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Streusand, David B., John Steuben, and Cameron J. Turner. "Robotic Interfaces Through Virtual Reality Technology." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38308.
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Virtual reality, the ability to view and interact with virtual environments, has changed the way the world solves problems and accomplishes goals. The ability to control a person’s perceptions and interactions with a virtual environment allows programmers to create situations that can be used in numerous fields. Virtual interaction can go from a computer program to an immersive experience with realistic sounds, smells, visuals, and even touch. Research in virtual reality has covered human interaction with virtual reality, different potential applications, and different techniques in creating the virtual environments. This paper reviews several key areas of virtual reality technology and related applications. An application that has large implications for our research is the control of robotic systems. Robotic systems are only as smart as their programming. This limitation often limits the utility of robotic applications in otherwise desirable circumstances. Virtual reality technologies offer the ability to couple the intelligence of a human operator with a physical robotic implementation through a user-friendly virtualized interface. This early-stage research aims to develop a technological foundation that will ultimately lead to a virtual teleoperation interface for robotics in hazardous applications. The resulting system may have applications in nuclear material handling, chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing, and biomedical research fields.
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Ejimuda, Chinonyelum, and Kingsley Okoli. "Design and Development of a Solar-Powered Pump System with Liquid Level Sensor and Controller Using Internet of Things Iot Technology." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207188-ms.
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Abstract Renewable energy in our world today has greatly helped the ecosystem by reducing the amount of carbon content in the atmosphere. Recent studies have shown that the dependence on the National grid and fossil fuels for generating power for pumps is becoming alarming and as such, an alternative source for energy generation to power the pump system necessitated this research. The research relies on solar-generated power for driving pumps as opposed to fossil fuels. A submersible centrifugal pump was used because of its wide usage in various industries such as Oil and Energy, Pharmaceutical, Breweries, Production industries, Water corporations, Domestic and Commercial buildings, etc. We designed and constructed an automatic solar-powered pump system, integrated, and programmed the sensors using Arduino microcontroller and C++ programming language, respectively. We analyzed the telemetry data from the sensors and predicted the illuminance of light on the solar panel and sent the information via a web server using a GSM module. The solar-based pumping system consists of a submersible centrifugal pump, solar panel, solar charge controller, battery, remote controller, GSM module, photo sensor and a liquid level sensor. The photo sensor returns values ranging from 0 to 1023. The higher values: 700 – 1023 indicate that the sensor is in darker surroundings. The lower values: 0 - 650 indicate lighter surroundings when there is sufficient light on the sensor or its surroundings on the web server which display the plotted values in real-time. The system has been found to be viable and economical in the long run compared to the conventional system which uses fossil fuels. The solar energy received from the sun is converted to electrical energy by the solar panel. A proportion of the energy is used during the day while some is stored in the battery to be used at night or when the weather is cloudy. The controller regulates the liquid level in storage with the aid of liquid level sensor and affords the user the opportunity to control the system remotely. This system can be used for small and remote applications.
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Vehar, G. A. "THE PRESENT STATE OF GENE TECHNOLOGY IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HUMAN COAGULATION PROTEINS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644755.
Full textAbstract:
The production of pharmaceuticals from human plasma that are useful in the treatment of bleeding disorders had its beginning with the development of the Cohn fractionation procedure in the 1940's. As a result of these advances, concentrates became available for the treatment of the hemophilias. Although of low purity and subject to contamination by hepatitis virus, the availability of these compounds resulted in dramatic improvements in the life expectancy and quality of life of afflicted individuals. The numerous problems associated with production of pharmaceuticals from pooled plasma made these products obvious goals for recombinant DNA technology as soon as the commercial aspects of the field became apparent. The subsequent contamination of blood products with the AIDS virus has resulted in an urgent need for a production source that is independent of human plasma. Several industrial and academic laboratories have cloned the cDNA's for human factors VIII and IX. In addition to these proteins, the utility of factor Vila in the treatment of hemophiliacs with inhibitors has shown promise. Efforts to develop a recombinant preparation of factor Vila are at a comparable stage of development as factors VIII and IX. Continuing efforts have resulted in the successful expression of these recombinant proteins in mammalian cell lines, thereby successfully completing the first steps of commercial development.Although much interest has focused upon the theoretical superiority of recombinant proteins as therapeutics, one must keep in mind that there are numerous developmental aspects of large-scale production and regulatory issues that must be addressed and solved before these drugs will be available. The coagulation proteins are complex glycoproteins that will in all probability require mammalian cell cell culture in order to produce functional proteins. The fact that these preparations will be administered over the lifetime of the patient serves to reinforce that the recombinant products be as similar to the natural proteins as possible, further supporting the concept of mammalian cell expression systems.Regulatory approval of a recombinant product are fundamentally no different than those for any other product in regards to efficacy, potency, purity, and identity. There are, however, additional considerations that must be addressed in the production of recombinant cell culture derived biologies. These relate to the possible presence in the final product of pathogenic and tumorigenic agents, and possible contamination by cell culture and cell substrate compounds. A detailed characterization of the production cell line will therefore be required, including identification and characterization of any associated viral particles. These cells must be capable of being reproducibly grown, while maintaining protein production, on ascale (tens of thousands of liters) suitable to meet the market demand of the specific protein. Apurification process must be established capable of handling the resulting large volumes of feedstock, generating a protein preparation of high purity (greater than 99% pure). Numerous assays must be developed to quantitate the purity and identity of the resulting recombinant pharmaceutical on a lot by lot basis.Studies to date have shown that recombinant forms of factors VIII and IX, produced by laboratory processes, are very similar to the plasma-derived forms as assessed by a variety of in vitro and in vivo tests. Although these results are promising, the ultimate safety and efficacy testing of these drugs will have to await the initiation of human clinical trials. Such studies will have to await the successful completion of the certain regulatory concerns. Clinical trials should begin within the near future, hopefully leading to a source of these products independent of pooled human plasma.