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Journal articles on the topic 'Pharmaceutic Aids'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Hafsa, Asfa, Nuha Rasheed, and Abdul Saleem Mohammad. "Pharmaceutical Aids-a Review Study." Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 7, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2231-5713.2017.00001.0.

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2

The Lancet. "Pharmaceutical interests versus AIDS in Africa." Lancet 362, no. 9378 (July 2003): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13890-1.

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3

Chaves, Jorgete Carneiro, Ana Cristina Lo Prete, Orenzio Soler, and Carolina Heitmann Mares Azevedo Ribeiro. "Intervenções farmacêuticas e seus desfechos em portadores de HIV/AIDS em atendimento de média complexidade." Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde 13, no. 4 (April 24, 2021): e4390. http://dx.doi.org/10.25248/reas.e4390.2021.

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Objetivo: Investigar evidências sobre tipos de intervenções, dando ênfase às intervenções farmacêuticas, e seus respectivos desfechos clínicos, epidemiológicos, de acesso, humanístico e econômicos em portadores de HIV/Aids em atendimento de média complexidade. Métodos: Revisão sistemática com estratégia de busca nos estudos publicados nas bases Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, Health Evidence, Health Systems Evidence, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e Google Scholar; incluindo Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) e Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS), incluindo os domínios “Pharmaceutical attention”, “Pharmaceutical Care”, “Pharmaceutical Interventions”, “Pharmaceutical Services”, “HIV/AIDS”, “Medium Complexity Attention” e “Medium Complexity Care”, sendo adaptada para as distintas bases eletrônicas, utilizando-se dos operadores booleanos OR e AND. Resultados: Há evidências de que as intervenções farmacêuticas profissionais, financeiras, governamentais e multifacetadas, melhoram os desfechos clínicos, epidemiológicos, de acesso e equidade, humanístico e econômicos em portadores de HIV/Aids em atendimento de média complexidade. Considerações finais: Diversas intervenções farmacêuticas ao portador de HIV/Aids se mostraram importantes na melhora de desfechos clínicos, epidemiológicos, humanísticos e de acesso e equidade, tendo assim o cuidado farmacêutico se mostrado importante para fortalecer as estratégias do uso racional de medicamentos e promovendo a melhoria da qualidade de vida do paciente.

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4

Scheffer, Mario Cesar. "Interaction between pharmaceutical companies and physicians who prescribe antiretroviral drugs for treating AIDS." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 132, no. 1 (2014): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2014.1321609.

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Given that Brazil has a universal public policy for supplying medications to treat HIV and AIDS, the aim here was to describe the forms of relationship between physicians and the pharmaceutical companies that produce antiretrovirals (ARVs). DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted in the state of São Paulo. METHODS : Secondary database linkage was used, with structured interviews conducted by telephone among a sample group of 300 physicians representing 2,361 professionals who care for patients with HIV and AIDS. RESULTS : Around two thirds (64%) of the physicians prescribing ARVs for HIV and AIDS treatment in the state of São Paulo who were interviewed declared that they had some form of relationship with pharmaceutical companies, of which the most frequent were receipt of publications (54%), visits by sales promoters (51%) and receipt of small-value objects (47%). CONCLUSIONS: Two forms of relationship between the pharmaceutical industry and physicians who deal with HIV and AIDS can be highlighted: facilitation of professionals' access to continuing education; and antiretroviral drug brand name promotion.

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5

Young, Donna. "National Pharmaceutical Stockpile aids homeland health security." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 58, no. 22 (November 15, 2001): 2112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/58.22.2112.

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6

Prashar, Deepak, Pooja Johri, and Sanjay Kumar. "Pharmaco-Economical Projection of HIV/AIDS Therapy." Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 2 (May 10, 2021): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52711/2231-5659.2021-11-2-10.

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The Pharmaceutical aspects of the medications are very much essential for proper drug scheduling. But the economical prospect is also essential for the proper patient compliance. These two parameters act in symbiotic relationship. Therefore, there is always the prerequisite for combining these parameters as Pharmaco-economical. This present work tries to present the Pharmaceutical medications of HIV/AIDS from economical view point/scenario.

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7

Chaiton, Michael, Lori M. Diemert, Susan J. Bondy, Joanna E. Cohen, Michael D. Fung, Bo R. Zhang, and Roberta G. Ferrence. "Real-World Effectiveness of Pharmaceutical Smoking Cessation Aids: Time-Varying Effects." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 22, no. 4 (September 27, 2018): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty194.

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Abstract Background There are a limited number of studies that have examined the real-world effectiveness of smoking cessation aids and relapse longitudinally in population-representative samples. This study examines the association between use of nicotine gum, patch, bupropion, and varenicline and time to relapse as well as any changes in the association with increased length of abstinence. Methods Data of 1821 current adult smokers (18+) making their first serious quit attempt were compiled from 4504 individuals enrolled in the Ontario Tobacco Survey, a representative telephone survey of Ontario adults, which followed smokers every 6 months for up to 3 years. Use of cessation aids at the time of initial report of a quit attempt was analyzed. A flexible parametric survival model was developed to model length of abstinence, controlling for potential confounders. Results The best fit model found knots at 3, 13, 43, and 212 days abstinent, suggesting different rates of relapse in the periods marked by those days. Use of the patch and varenicline was associated with lower rates of relapse, but no positive effect was found for bupropion or nicotine gum. The effectiveness of the patch reversed in effect after the first month of abstinence. Conclusions This study is one of few reports of long-term quitting in a population-representative sample and demonstrates that the effectiveness of some pharmacological cessation aids (the patch and varenicline can be seen in a population sample). Previous failures in real-world studies of the effectiveness of smoking cessation aids may reflect differences in the products individuals use and differences in the timing of self-reported cessation. Implications While a large number of randomized controlled trials have shown the efficacy of many pharmaceutical smoking cessation aids, evidence of their effectiveness in observational studies in the real world is ambiguous. This study uses a longitudinal cohort of a representative sample of smokers to show that the effectiveness of pharmaceutical cessation aids can be demonstrated in real-world use situations, but effectiveness varies by product type and has time-varying effects.

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8

Bomfim, José Henrique Gialongo Gonçales. "Pharmaceutical Care in Sports." Pharmacy 8, no. 4 (November 16, 2020): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8040218.

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Pharmaceutical care in sports is a new field of work to clinical pharmacists, focused on promoting pharmacotherapeutic follow up and clinical services to athletes, physical activity practitioners and enthusiasts of any sports modality. A broad range of pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements and herbal drugs have been used historically as performance promoters, doping or ergogenic aids. In this context, the role of pharmacists in prevent adverse events, drug interactions or any drug related problems, as doping issues, was described. Its actions can be important to contribute with a multi professional clinical health team, leading athletes to use these resources in a rational way, promoting and optimizing the therapeutic when its necessary.

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Awofeson, Niyi, Pieter Degeling, Jan Ritchie, and Mark Winters. "Thabo Mbeki and the AIDS 'jury'." Australian Health Review 24, no. 3 (2001): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah010074a.

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This paper examines the debate regarding efforts by the South African government to control the spread of HIVinfections, with particular reference to events surrounding the 13th International AIDS conference. We posit that thereaction of the medical, pharmaceutical, and media sectors to the stance by the President Mbeki on HIV controlamounts to an over-simplification of a very complex issue. Empathy and sincere partnership are required to addressSouth Africa's worsening AIDS situation.

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Esparza, René. "“Qué Bonita Mi Tierra”." Radical History Review 2021, no. 140 (May 1, 2021): 107–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-8841706.

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Abstract Employing an anticolonial and anticapitalist approach to HIV/AIDS, the activists of the Latina/o Caucus of ACT UP/NY pushed beyond a biomedical framework of “drugs into bodies” that tended to dominate the larger organization. As US queer racialized/colonial subjects, Latinx AIDS activists enacted a queer and feminist decolonial activism that looked past the continental United States to the global South. In Puerto Rico, Latinx AIDS activists helped establish the first chapter of ACT UP in a Spanish-speaking country. Together, the Latina/o Caucus and ACT UP/Puerto Rico spearheaded a campaign against the colonial policies of the United States, the corporate greed of island-based pharmaceutical firms, and the heteropatriarchal investments of church and commonwealth officials—conditions that exacerbated the disproportionate rates of HIV/AIDS among Puerto Rican island and diasporic communities. Through these efforts, Latinx AIDS activists transformed the domestic and global fight against AIDS into a queer, feminist, and decolonial endeavor.

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Silva, Luana Maria Jales Dantas, Érika Ramos da Cunha Medeiros, José Nyedson Moura de Gois, and Luanne Eugênia Nunes. "Importance of pharmacist in pharmacotherapeutic adhesion of patients with HIV/AIDS." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 10 (September 20, 2020): e1289108280. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8280.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease characterized by progressive stages after the vulnerability of the immune system to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, which can affect the worldwide population. The antiretroviral therapy (ART) indicated for infected patients improves the patient's quality of life by preventing disease progression. The health team, including the pharmacist, is essential to assist and ensure the safety and efficacy of pharmacotherapeutic treatment. This work aims to present the importance of pharmaceutical care in pharmacotherapeutic follow-up for HIV/AIDS patients through an integrative literature review. 14 articles were analyzed, which showed a prevalence of the disease in a male patient over 30 years old, with an incidence always greater than 50%. The main causes that hinder adherence to antiretrovirals are disinformation on the risk of non-adherence, lack of understanding about prescription drugs, low education, drug, and alcohol use among male patients. Studies have shown that pharmaceutical care and the multidisciplinary team can positively assist in increasing adherence to antiretrovirals. Therefore, the interventions and guidelines carried out by the pharmaceutical professional together with the health team show promising results that favor adherence to medications by patients with HIV/AIDS. However, greater commitment and collaboration between health professionals is necessary to improve the quality of life of these patients, working mainly in the process of adhering to treatment.

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Muzzarelli, Riccardo A. A. "Genipin-crosslinked chitosan hydrogels as biomedical and pharmaceutical aids." Carbohydrate Polymers 77, no. 1 (May 2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.01.016.

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13

Choy, Fred N., and William W. McCloskey. "Delivery of Infusion Therapies in the Home for Patients With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 5, no. 3 (June 1992): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009200500308.

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Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) often suffer from a variety of infectious and noninfectious complications as a result of their compromised immune status. Therapies that AIDS patients may require include antimicrobial therapy, parenteral nutrition, pain management, chemotherapy, and agents to regulate hematopoiesis. Although parenteral therapies have been more traditionally administered in a hospital, technological advances, economic advantages, and patient and clinician acceptance have helped establish home infusion therapy as a viable alternative for many patients with a chronic disease such as AIDS. Providing pharmaceutical care in the home care arena to patients with AIDS not only involves patient monitoring and parenteral product preparation, but also a thorough understanding of infection control practices. Working in conjunction with other health care professionals, pharmacists play a major role in helping to assure the safe and effective delivery of the complex therapies required by many patients with AIDS in the comfort of their homes.

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Odell, Timothy W., and Joli D. Cerveny. "Copper Deficieny in a Patient with AIDS Cholangiopathy and Cryptosporidium Diarrhea." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 12, no. 5 (September 1996): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512259601200507.

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Objective: To report a case of leukopenia caused by copper deficiency in a patient with AIDS cholangiopathy and Cryptosporidium diarrhea who required total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Case Summary: A 36-year-old white man with AIDS had Cryptosporidium diarrhea, and produced a daily stool volume of 3–5 L. He also had AIDS cholangiopathy, with intra- and extrahepatic biliary dilation and an alkaline phosphatase concentration of 3,000 U/L. He required TPN. Since copper is excreted primarily through the bile, it was omitted from his TPN. The patient then developed progressive leukopenia. His plasma copper concentration dropped to 10.2 μg/dL. Copper was subsequently added to the TPN, and the white blood cell count returned to normal. Discussion: A review of the literature showed that neither HIV infection nor AIDS is associated with copper deficiency. Copper deficiency has been reported as a rare complication of TPN or malabsorption, but it was not expected as a result of AIDS cholangiopathy. Conclusions: Copper supplementation is required in TPN in patients with chronic diarrhea and AIDS cholangiopathy. Additionally, copper deficiency is a potential cause of leukopenia in patients with AIDS who are receiving TPN or who have chronic diarrhea.

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15

Orlando, Vivian I. "The FDA’s Accelerated Approval Process: Does the Pharmaceutical Industry Have Adequate Incentives for Self-Regulation?" American Journal of Law & Medicine 25, no. 4 (1999): 543–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800007279.

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Prompted by criticisms of long delays in its drug approval processes, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA or the Administration) took a number of measures in recent years to expedite access and increase availability of new drugs for terminally ill patients. These reforms began in the late 1980s, as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) advocacy organizations openly criticized the FDA, noting that its policies were insufficient to address the prevalence of AIDS and the lag time for FDA approval of new AIDS treatments. The FDA's primary responsibility is to promote efficacy and ensure safety of new drugs. Consequently, the FDA must balance patients' desires to obtain new medications to treat serious and lifethreatening illnesses against government's desires to protect patients from abuses of the new drug approval process. The structure of the FDA's regulatory procedures is, therefore, essential to providing safe, effective medical treatments to patients. FDA regulations and guidelines set forth standards and practices that pharmaceutical companies must follow to gain approval of newly developed drugs.

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Kuzuya, Masayuki, Akihiro Noguchi, Hideki Ito, and Masanao Ishikawa. "A new development of DDS using plasma-irradiated pharmaceutical aids." Drug Delivery System 6, no. 2 (1991): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2745/dds.6.119.

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17

Embrey, Martha, David Hoos, and Jonathan Quick. "How AIDS Funding Strengthens Health Systems: Progress in Pharmaceutical Management." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 52 (November 2009): S34—S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qai.0b013e3181bbca06.

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Griffin, Mary T. "AIDS Drugs & the Pharmaceutical Industry: A Need For Reform." American Journal of Law & Medicine 17, no. 4 (1991): 363–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800006547.

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AbstractThe pharmaceutical industry has long enjoyed substantial profits despite increased requirements for drug approval and various attempts to regulate the industry. Drug companies have avoided effective regulation by blaming high prices on the costs of research and development. The search for drugs effective in combatting HIV and AIDS related illnesses has provided a stark background on which to view the actions and justifications of drug companies. Despite increased cooperation between government and the drug industry and expedited approval of several useful drugs, these drugs are still prohibitively expensive. This Article explores the history and economics of the drug industry and proposes a system of national price regulation for all drugs.

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Singhvi, Indrajeet, Mousumi Kar, and Komal Roopchandani. "Smoking cessation aids." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics 2, no. 4 (2008): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-8398.45030.

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20

Schensul, Jean J. "Organizing Community Research Partnerships in the Struggle against AIDS." Health Education & Behavior 26, no. 2 (April 1999): 266–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019819902600209.

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Despite pharmaceutical advances, AIDS remains a health problem difficult to treat, leaving preventive interventions as the primary means of promoting risk avoidance. Increasing the capacity of university-based researchers to develop culturally, developmentally, and contextually appropriate AIDS prevention strategies requires the collaboration of community service and advocacy partners. To date, neither university researchers nor community providers have a great deal of partnership experience. Thus, a common language and set of experiences are yet to be developed. This article reviews the history of university-community and researchercommunity collaboration for AIDS research and intervention, placing the innovative work of the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Center for AIDS Prevention Studies and its community and foundation partnerships among those efforts at the forefront of the community-university dialogue. It concludes with suggestions derived from the collaborative work of UCSF researchers and community service partners to strengthen efforts to develop theory, research methods, and results that are immediately useful and productive of long-term prevention research efforts.

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Jyothi Singamsetty, Ravikumar Raju, Sankaralingam P, and Manoj Reddy P. "A Defective Sensor Persistent for Optimized Hearing Disabled Person using Hearing Aids." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 20, 2020): 184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.3766.

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Hearing loss is one among the persistent sensory deficiency in human populaces, involving added 250 million public in the world. Hearing aids are electrical equipments that aid in optimizing acuity of speech or other sounds. Outcome measures have a rising concern to audiologists, customers and hearing aid producers. To assess the user gratification of government-funded hearing aids. To assess the digital quality of free hearing aids provided by the government. Method: The study was done on patients who are providing by overdue the ear hearing aids in a free hearing aid distribution camp under Support to Disabled persons for obtaining / fitting of aids/appliances (ADIP) scheme. A survey was done for 100 subjects by administering the SADL. The SADL gratification scores showed high gratification ratings for almost all aspects of the questionnaire. Approximately 80 % of the individuals using the hearing aids provided positive feedback and were tremendously satisfied with the performance of the hearing aid.Hence to conclude, ADIP scheme hearing aids do satisfy the users in most of the features such as speech understanding, speaking over the phone and enhanced hearing.

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Curti, Andrea M. "The WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding: An Unlikely Weapon in the Fight Against AIDS." American Journal of Law & Medicine 27, no. 4 (2001): 469–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800008224.

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One of the most controversial aspects of the World Trade Organization (WTO) is its trade policy governing pharmaceutical products that treat AIDS and other diseases. Critics contend that the WTO unreasonably restricts the trade of pharmaceuticals in order to protect the profit margin of western drug producers at the expense of infected populations in developing countries. Supporters of the WTO's trade policy argue that protecting the intellectual property (IP) rights of pharmaceutical products is essential to providing an incentive for further drug research and development.

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23

Guo, Ye, Pan-Pan Zhou, Sen-Yan Zhang, Xiao-Wen Fan, Yu-Wei Dou, and Xuan-Ling Shi. "Generation of a long-acting fusion inhibitor against HIV-1." MedChemComm 9, no. 7 (2018): 1226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8md00124c.

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24

Franco, Robert. "“Seropedagogy”." Radical History Review 2021, no. 140 (May 1, 2021): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-8841658.

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Abstract Since the beginnings of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, pedagogy has been a crucial survival strategy, especially when government agencies failed to prevent mass deaths. However, contemporary sex education on HIV/AIDS—if taught to undergraduates before they arrive on campus—often does not account for the disproportionate effects of the pandemic on racial minorities and global South countries. In this teaching essay, the author describes how his course on the history of HIV/AIDS takes a global approach to highlight that the AIDS crisis is not over. Starting with histories of HIV/AIDS in the United States, Haiti, China, and elsewhere that sought to find a scapegoat for the pandemic, the course then turns to the global power of the pharmaceutical industry. It examines the marketing and lobbying strategies of companies such as Gilead, which use the stigma of HIV/AIDS to transform impoverished global South countries into new markets for research and capital extraction. Finally, it also highlights how the AIDS crisis remains an ongoing struggle against racial disparities in health care that prevent access to life-saving treatments and preventative drugs such as Truvada and Descovy for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Using a range of materials from podcasts to pills, the author introduces students to the globalizing forces that take the bodies of the poor, women, and Black, Latinx, trans, and global South citizens as expendable in the fight against HIV/AIDS.

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Hess, Andrea D. "New Publication: Medication Teaching Aids." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 11, no. 2 (March 1995): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512259501100205.

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Mac Dowell, Enrique González. "Juridical Action for the Protection of Collective Rights and Its Legal Impact: A Case Study." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 30, no. 4 (2002): 644–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2002.tb00432.x.

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The development in 1996 of a new generation of antiretroviral drugs was a major pharmaceutical advancement in the struggle against the epidemics of HIV and AIDS. However, due to high costs, access to these new drugs was almost impossible for most people living with HIV or AIDS. This situatiowhas been even more dramatic for those living with HIV/AIDS in poorer countries. Many of the organizations that are fighting for the rights of those with HIV have since developed human rights advocacy and legal strategies to try to achieve universal access to treatment. These organizations are also fighting for states’ compliance with human rights obligations under health-related treatises and conventions. This paper draws upon the experience gained in Latin America, focusing on the legal strategies that have been explored in Venezuela and the legal consequences for domestic law.

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Jacob, Carl GA, and Daniel Lagacé-Roy. "Unsung Heroes: Gay Physicians’ Lived Journeys During the HIV/AIDS Pandemic." SAGE Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): 215824401982771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019827717.

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The HIV/AIDS pandemic was a major crisis at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century. Such a defining moment in the history of health-related infections led to transformations in its proponents, as well as their medical practice. This research article, using a study consisting of semi-structured interviews with six Canadian gay physicians from different Canadian HIV/AIDS treatment centers, aims to offer insights into their lived journeys, from 1981 to 2009, while they attempted to treat, care for, and cure/heal their gay HIV/AIDS patients. The results of the study, deduced from a qualitative and interpretative data analysis, suggest that through reflection on their experiences during the HIV/AIDS pandemic, they transformed their personal and professional identities, and rethought their relationship with their patients, as well as their professional, pharmaceutical, and community networks. These results are testimonies from Canadian gay physicians who fought against the HIV/AIDS pandemic and who advocated for their gay HIV/AIDS patients. In fact, these results are evidence of an untold and valuable period in medical history. For some, it will serve as a reminder. For others, it will be foreign. It was a time marked by a major crisis that mobilized gay militant physicians who were personally and professionally affected, and who were forever transformed by their response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This is their hereto untold lived journeys.

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Ho, Anita. "Pharmaceutical Corporations and the Duty to Aid in HIV/AIDS Epidemic." Business and Professional Ethics Journal 24, no. 4 (2005): 51–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/bpej200524419.

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Cohen, Jillian Clare, and Kristina M. Lybecker. "AIDS Policy and Pharmaceutical Patents: Brazil's Strategy to Safeguard Public Health." World Economy 28, no. 2 (February 2005): 211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00668.x.

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Levinson, Arnold H., Evelinn A. Borrayo, Paula Espinoza, Estevan T. Flores, and Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable. "An Exploration of Latino Smokers and the Use of Pharmaceutical Aids." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 31, no. 2 (August 2006): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2006.03.022.

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Raju. N, Govind, Shishir Ojha, Sumit Kumar Roy, Amit Kori, and Anjaneyulu Vinukonda. "Formulation Development Studies for Sterile Dosages: A Comprehensive Review." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 3 (May 15, 2021): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i3.4743.

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Sterile generic dosage development requires that specific critical quality attributes be considered and evaluated, regardless of the route of delivery or the type of registration application. The review briefed with an overview of Pharmaceutical Development study requirements. Each of the various stages of studies like Compatibility with the packaging materials, manufacturing vessels, processing aids, MOCs, Filters, Tubing’s and Gaskets also with special studies to be conducted as part of Regulatory Submission, process considerations. Thus, the chapter offers the formulator an overview of the foundational principles associated with formulation development /Pre-formulation studies of sterile products. Keywords: Pharmaceutical Development, Compatibility, Studies, Hold time.

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Pal, Rashmi Saxena, Yogendra Pal, Ankita Wal, and Pranay Wal. "Current Review on Plant based Pharmaceutical Excipients." Open Medicine Journal 6, no. 1 (February 19, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874220301906010001.

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Background: Plants act as a major source of medicines and are used to formulate various pharmaceutical preparations. Apart from this, they act as excellent pharmaceutical aids as well as excipients. Objective: An effort has been made for the complete study of plants under different categories of plant-based thickeners, emulsifiers, suspenders, binders, etc. Materials and Methods: The herbs were differentiated on the basis of their role as flavoring, sweetening, colouring, gelling, thickening, emulsifying, suspending and binding agents. Results: The use of natural excipients to impart the goodness of natural bioactive agents has been hampered by synthetic materials. However, advantages offered by these natural excipients are enormous as being non-toxic, affordable and easily available. The activity of the excipients partly determines the quality of medicines. Conclusion: The herbal excipients act better in many ways when compared to their synthetic substitutes.

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Jadeja, Siddharth, Girish Pai, Krishnamurthy Bhat, and Muddukrishna Badamane Sathyanarayana. "President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 9, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/srp.2018.1.2.

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Takahashi, Naofumi, and Tetsuro Matano. "Current topics in AIDS vaccine development." Drug Delivery System 25, no. 1 (2010): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2745/dds.25.46.

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35

Martin, Sara. "One Pharmacist's Work for AIDS Patients." American Pharmacy 32, no. 12 (December 1992): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-3450(15)30910-7.

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Crawford, Nicole S. "Organizing Pharmacists to Help Fight AIDS." American Pharmacy 31, no. 3 (March 1991): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-3450(15)31370-2.

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Mitchel, Marnie. "Gender Disparity Driving HIV/AIDS Epidemic." Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada 140, no. 2 (March 2007): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/171516350714000231.

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Alter, Galit, Jintanat Ananworanich, Ralph Pantophlet, Ed P. Rybicki, and Luigi Buonaguro. "AIDS Vaccine 2008 Conference." Human Vaccines 5, no. 3 (March 2009): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.5.3.7557.

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Chorev, Nitsan. "Making Medicines in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda in the AIDS Era." Sociology of Development 5, no. 2 (2019): 115–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sod.2019.5.2.115.

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Can foreign aid help the development of local industrial production in poor countries? Studies offer a range of reasons why foreign aid is doomed to fail. Anthropologists highlight the exploitative nature of foreign assistance, while economists emphasize the incompetence of international programs. This paper offers a sociological analysis that identifies specific conditions under which foreign aid can lead to the development and upgrading of local manufacturing. Based on a systematic comparison of local pharmaceutical companies in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, I show that foreign aid contributed to the development and upgrading of a local pharmaceutical industry when it provided three resources in particular: markets, monitoring, and mentoring. When donors were willing to procure local drugs, they created markets, which gave local entrepreneurs an incentive to produce the kinds of drugs donors would buy. When donors enforced exacting standards as a condition to access those markets, they gave local producers an incentive to improve the quality of their products. Finally, when donors provided guidance, it enabled local producers to meet the higher quality standards. Foreign aid has structural limits, however, and it is vulnerable to local conditions; state capacity, in particular, is an important constraint on aid's effectiveness.

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Schäfer, Sandra, Ilka Golks, Carolin Müller, and Andrea Hartung. "Grüner Tee gegen AIDS?" Pharmazie in unserer Zeit 36, no. 2 (March 2007): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pauz.200790016.

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Kumar, Santhosh. "KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND AWARENESS OF DENTAL UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS REGARDING HIV/AIDS PATIENTS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i5.17277.

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Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, awareness and the attitude of dental students towards HIV/AIDS patients and to know whether knowledge has any influence on the attitude and willingness to treat HIV/AIDS patients.Methods: A self administered structured questionnaire consisting of 19 questions on knowledge, attitude and awareness about HIV/AIDS was distributed among 100 students randomly belonging to third year, final year and intern students of saveetha dental college, saveetha university, chennai. The data extracted were tabulated, statistically analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0 and results obtained.Results: The results revealed that many of the respondents demonstrated a good level of knowledge. The total mean knowledge score was 73% (good knowledge).There was a statistically significant difference of knowledge levels among the third year, final year students and the interns. The overall mean attitude score was 62.7% (negative attitude). There was no statistically significant difference of attitude among the three groups.Conclusion: Majority of dental students in our study have good level of knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS. Final year students have the highest level of knowledge and third year students have minimum level of knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS. Irrespective of the year of study, majority of the students showed a negative attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients and only a few among the interns showed a positive approach towards treating HIV patients. Hence these findings imply that there is a need to improve educational methods to more clearly address misconceptions and attitudes towards the disease.Keywords:HIV/AIDS, knowledge, attitude, dental students

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Bilal, Arebu Issa, Bruck Messele, Dawit Teshome, Zelalem Tilahun, and Teferi Gedif Fenta. "Concomitant use of medicinal plants with antiretroviral drugs among HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study." Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Journal 35, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/epj.v35i1.6.

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In spite of an increase in the health service coverage of the country, studies reported that significant proportion of the Ethiopian population still relies on traditional medicine, particularly on the herbal aspect, for their healthcare. The aim of the present study was to determine the extent of the concomitant use of herbal medicines with modern antiretroviral medicines and identify the commonly used herbs among patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June, 2017 among HIV/AIDS patients in five hospitals selected from four regions and one city Administration (Addis Ababa). A total of 768 HIV/AIDS patients were successfully interviewed and included in the analysis. Most 480 (62.5%) of them were on tenofovir-disoproxil fumarate (TDF) plus lamivudine (3TC)and efavirenz (EFV) regimen. Two hundred nineteen (28.5%) patients reported that they had used herbal medicines to treat their illness; of these 145 (66.2%) used herbal products along with modern medicine. Of those who reported to have used herbal medicine with modern medicine, 53 (40.8%) claimed that they took the herbal medicines for the treatment of HIV/AIDS, while 51(39.2%) used for treating co-morbid diseases. Only 33 (15.0%) of those who used herbal medicines along with modern drugs discussed the issue either with their physicians or pharmacists. A total of 31 plant species were reported to be used for the treatment as well as alleviation of symptoms associated with the disease. The most commonly cited herbal medicines that have been used by HIV/AIDS patients to treat their comorbid diseases were Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod. (Moringaceae) (35.6%) followed by Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. (Lamiaceae) (18.0%), Zheneria scabra Sond. (Cucurbitaceae) (7.2%), Allium sativum L. (Alliaceae) (5.7%), and Ruta chalapensis L. (Rutaceae) (5.7%). The study revealed that close to one-third of HIV/AIDS patients interviewed reported use of herbal medicine and almost two-thirds of them did so concomitantly with modern medicine. Only small percentage of the patients who used herbal medicines along with modern drugs disclose the use either to their treating physicians or to counselling pharmacists. Practitioners involved in antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics, therefore, need to inquire information related to the use of herbal medicines and accordingly advise the patients. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, medicinal plant, cross-sectional study, concomitant use, Ethiopia

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Schmidt, Sharon Nighorn. "Pharmaceutical Aids for Quitting Nicotine … Is It All Just Smoke and Mirrors?" Journal of Addictions Nursing 19, no. 1 (2008): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10884600801897023.

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Levinson, Arnold H., Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable, Paula Espinoza, Estevan T. Flores, and Tim E. Byers. "Latinos report less use of pharmaceutical aids when trying to quit smoking." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 26, no. 2 (February 2004): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2003.10.012.

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Chereddy, Kiran Kumar Kumar, and Simon Cleveland. "Implementing Project Portfolio Management at Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Facilities." International Journal of Public and Private Perspectives on Healthcare, Culture, and the Environment 5, no. 2 (July 2021): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijppphce.2021070103.

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Pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities are complex entities that are heavily regulated by health authorities. Manufacturing sites are challenged by increased production costs, tight regulations, and heavy competition. Without a disciplined and organized management of initiatives, projects end up being terminated due to poor performance or misalignment with strategy. This study examines different types of project needs at regulated manufacturing facilities and determines how the project portfolio management processes aids the manufacturing facilities in screening and selecting projects that aid in achieving the organization's strategic goals. Moreover, the study finds not one set of criteria can fit all projects in pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities. As a result, segregation of projects into different categories and then applying funds allocation ratio and the pre-screening criteria is proposed. Finally, the study contributes new logic inputs to the screening process within the body of the program and portfolio management.

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Reinke, C. Michael, Jennifer K. Thomas, and Allen H. Graves. "Apparent Hemolysis in an AIDS Patient Receiving Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole: Case Report and Literature Review." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 11, no. 6 (November 1995): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512259501100607.

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Objective: To describe a case of acute hemolysis associated temporally with administration of trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) in a patient with AIDS, review the available literature on TMP/SMX-induced hemolytic anemia, and discuss possible drug- and disease-related factors that may have contributed to the episode of hemolysis. Case Summary: A precipitous decrease in red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit occurred shortly after a black woman with AIDS received a single intravenous dose of TMP/SMX for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Following drug discontinuation and repeated transfusions, the patient's hematologic indices returned to baseline. Literature Sources: References were obtained using MEDLINE searches, the bibliographies of articles identified during the searches, review articles, and standard textbooks. Data Synthesis: Of the two different mechanisms of TMP/SMX-induced hemolytic anemia, the reaction is most likely to occur via dose-related oxidative disruption of the erythrocyte membrane in subpopulations deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity. In the US, G6PD deficiency most frequently is encountered among blacks. The potential for hemolysis may be further increased in G6PD-deficient AIDS patients, who also appear to lack adequate intracellular glutathione, which is essential for protecting the erythrocyte membrane from oxidative damage. Although an assay for G6PD activity was not conducted, the case circumstances were consistent with TMP/SMX-induced hemolysis in a G6PD-deficient patient. Conclusions: Black patients with AIDS who are receiving relatively high (≥50 mg/kg/d) dosages of TMP/SMX should be monitored closely for signs and symptoms of hemolytic anemia.

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Sesin, G. Paul, and Eva O'keefe. "Economic impact of AIDS." Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy 22, no. 1 (January 1988): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002808802200121.

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das Neves, José. "Novel Approaches for the Delivery of Anti-HIV Drugs—What Is New?" Pharmaceutics 11, no. 11 (October 28, 2019): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11110554.

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Berger, John W. "AIDS, death, and the drug approval process." American Pharmacy 31, no. 10 (October 1991): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-3450(15)31327-1.

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Uzych, Leo. "AIDS, safety, and the drug approval process." American Pharmacy 31, no. 10 (October 1991): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-3450(15)31328-3.

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