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Journal articles on the topic 'Pharmaceutical biotechnology industry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 March 2023

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1

Evens, Ronald P. "The Biotechnology Industry." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 11, no. 1 (February 1998): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009801100104.

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Growth and change are the hallmarks of the developing biotechnology industry. Since the first approval of a biological product in 1982, over 40 biologicals, many of them medical breakthroughs, have been brought to market. The majority of biotechnology companies focus on developing human therapeutic agents, but about 25 percent of biotechnology companies focus on the diagnostic area, using monoclonal antibody technology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, and genetics to provide advances in diagnosis and disease monitoring. Structurally, few biotechnology firms are fully integrated companies with full capabilities in research, development, manufacturing, and sales and marketing. Many pursue strategic alliances with other companies to enhance their capabilities in research, development, and sales and marketing. Research alliances between companies and universities are also frequently used to enhance research capabilities. As the industry has matured, consolidation has occurred, with major pharmaceutical companies purchasing biotechnology companies and biotechnology companies merging to expand their capabilities. Research investment, as a percentage of gross sales, continues to be very high for biotechnology companies compared with traditional pharmaceutical companies. The cost of drug development is high, but the probability of approval appears to be somewhat better in the biotechnology field compared with traditional pharmaceuticals. Today, the biotechnology product pipeline is rich, with between 400 to 700 products in various stages of clinical development. Technology developments beyond recombinant DNA technology and monoclonal antibodies, such as antisense, genomics, and combinatorial chemistry, will lead to additional therapeutic and diagnostic breakthroughs.

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2

Rubin, Suzie. "Biotechnology and the Pharmaceutical Industry." Cancer Investigation 11, no. 4 (January 1993): 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07357909309018876.

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3

Dibner, Mark D. "The pharmaceutical industry: impacts of biotechnology." Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 6 (January 1985): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-6147(85)90158-0.

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4

de la Cueva-Méndez, Guillermo, and Dror Seliktar. "Editorial overview: Pharmaceutical biotechnology: Expanding horizons for pharmaceutical biotechnology in industry and academia." Current Opinion in Biotechnology 35 (December 2015): iv—vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2015.09.002.

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5

Gottinger, Hans-Werner, and Celia L. Umali. "The evolution of the pharmaceutical-biotechnology industry." Business History 50, no. 5 (August 5, 2008): 583–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076790802246020.

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6

Piachaud, Bianca S., and Matthew G. Lynas. "The biotechnology revolution: implications for the pharmaceutical industry." International Journal of Biotechnology 3, no. 3/4 (2001): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbt.2001.000170.

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7

Dibner, M. D., and P. B. Timmermans. "Biotechnology and the pharmaceutical industry. New cardiovascular drugs." Hypertension 8, no. 11 (November 1986): 965–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.8.11.965.

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8

Löffler, A. "Trends in biotechnology: Implications for the pharmaceutical industry." Journal of Medical Marketing 2, no. 4 (September 1, 2002): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jmm.5040092.

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9

Bingham, Alph, and Sean Ekins. "Competitive collaboration in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry." Drug Discovery Today 14, no. 23-24 (December 2009): 1079–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2009.10.003.

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10

Piascik, Peggy, and Thomas S. Foster. "The Biotechnology Industry: Consolidating for Survival." Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (1996) 36, no. 4 (April 1996): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1086-5802(16)30057-2.

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11

Mei, Yan Lan, and Ping Gui. "Study on Bio-Pharmaceutical Industry Development Route and Strategy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (August 2013): 1350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.1350.

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Since recent twenty years, the rapid development of biotechnology has boosted the rapid development of bio-pharmaceutical industry,and bio-pharmaceutical has already stepped into our daily life.Starting from the summary of bio-pharmaceutical industry,the paper makes a SWOT analysis on bio-pharmaceutical industry,making the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats of bio-pharmaceutical industry clear;and focusing on a deep study on the development routes and all stages strategies of bio-pharmaceutical industry in our country.

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12

Elander, Richard P. "Biotechnology: Present and Future Roles in the Pharmaceutical Industry." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 11, no. 5 (January 1985): 965–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639048509055593.

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13

Tarabusi, Claudio Casadio, and Graham Vickery. "Globalization in the Pharmaceutical Industry, Part II." International Journal of Health Services 28, no. 2 (April 1998): 281–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/b6vr-nnd7-46bl-py5g.

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This is the second of a two-part report on the pharmaceutical industry. Part II begins with a discussion of foreign direct investment and inter-firm networks, which covers international mergers, acquisitions, and minority participation; market shares of foreign-controlled firms; international collaboration agreements (with a special note on agreements in biotechnology); and licensing agreements. The final section of the report covers governmental policies on health and safety regulation, price regulation, industry and technology, trade, foreign investment, protection of intellectual property, and competition.

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14

Poste, George. "The Pharmaceutical Industry and Health Care." Bio/Technology 3, no. 8 (August 1985): 704–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0885-704.

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15

Evans, Anne G., and Nikhil P. Varaiya. "Anne Evans: Assessment of a Biotechnology Market Opportunity." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 28, no. 1 (January 2003): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.00033.

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This case describes Anne Evans’ search for a market opportunity in the biotechnology industry, and examines the feasibility of establishing a new venture to exploit this opportunity. The drug development process in the biopharmaceutical industry spans three critical phases: pharmaceutical discovery, pharmaceutical development, and product marketing. The drug development process is a very capital–intensive process with expenditures averaging $800 million per drug and with very high failure rates—only one out of 5,000 compounds that emerge from discovery and preclinical testing will make it into the market. The drug development process therefore contributes to very high cash burn rates and corporate failures in the biotechnology industry.

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16

Tabassum Samanta, Mahonaz, and Sadia Noor. "PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 01 (January 31, 2021): 709–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12349.

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Biotechnology is a broad area of biology, involving the use of living systems and organisms to develop products. Depending on the tools and applications, it often overlaps with related scientific fields. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, biotechnology has expanded to include new and diverse sciences, such as genomics, recombinant gene techniques, applied immunology, and development of pharmaceutical therapies and diagnostic tests. Biotechnology has also led to the development of antibiotics. Biotechnology has applications in four major industrial areas, including health care (medical), crop production and agriculture, non-food (industrial) uses of crops and other products and environmental uses. In medicine, modern biotechnology has many applications in areas such as pharmaceutical drug discoveries and production, pharmacogenomics, and genetic testing. Pharmaceutical biotechnology is a relatively new and growing field in which the principles of biotechnology are applied to the development of drugs. A majority of therapeutic drugs in the current market are bio formulations, such as antibodies, nucleic acid products and vaccines. Such bio formulations are developed through several stages that include: understanding the principles underlying health and disease the fundamental molecular mechanisms governing the function of related biomolecules synthesis and purification of the molecules determining the product shelf life, stability, toxicity and immunogenicity drug delivery systems patenting and clinical trials. This review article describes the purpose of biotechnology in pharmaceutical industry, particularly pharmaceutical biotechnology along with its prospects and challenges.

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17

Petrova, T. A., K. O. Sidorov, Yu G. Il’yinova, and I. A. Narkevich. "Venture financing in the segment of pharmaceutical biotechnology in the Russian Federation." Medical Almanac, no. 2 (June 16, 2019): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21145/2499-9954-2019-2-35-39.

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One of the main directions of the pharmaceutical industry is the transition to the stage of commercialization of the results of intellectual activity and to the large-scale creation of global markets for new products and services. In recent years, the number of research conducted in the pharmaceutical industry has increased, and the most acute question is the active introduction of research results into mass production. The article provides an overview of the current state of venture financing in the biotechnology industry of the Russian Federation, as the most effective mechanism for financing promising applied research and, in particular, in the pharmaceutical biotechnology segment. The authors reviewed the main program documents affecting the development of biotechnology in Russia. The main venture funds that invest in pharmaceutical biotech companies are identified. The assortment portfolio of invested companies developed for the treatment of certain diseases was considered, and the main direction for the study was determined. The analysis of the funds that carry out the grant support of applied biotechnological research has been carried out. It allows to overcome the «sowing» stage of development of an innovative company and get initial research results. The main reasons for the slow development of venture capital investments in the biotech industry are identified and ways to overcome them are proposed.

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18

Ivanov, Kalin, Assena Stoimenova, Danka Obreshkova, and Luciano Saso. "Biotechnology in the Production of Pharmaceutical Industry Ingredients: Amino Acids." Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 27, no. 2 (January 2013): 3620–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5504/bbeq.2012.0134.

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19

Wonglimpiyarat, Jarunee. "Biotech revolution: the impact of biotechnology on the pharmaceutical industry." International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management 8, no. 2 (2008): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtpm.2008.017219.

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20

Norwood, Paula. "Clinical Trials in Biotechnology: A Perspective from the Pharmaceutical Industry." Drug Information Journal 30, no. 2 (April 1996): 559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009286159603000232.

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21

Anderson, M. J. "Collaborative Integration in the Canadian Pharmaceutical Industry." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 25, no. 12 (December 1993): 1815–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a251815.

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Over the course of the 1980s, companies attempted to develop new organisational strategies to balance competition with collaboration. Although a variety of theoretical frameworks acknowledged this development there have been very few empirical studies in which the nature and extent of this collaborative integration and the implications for industries in the 1990s have been examined. In this paper, the Canadian pharmaceutical industry is used as the empirical context for an examination of collaboration. The author focuses on the relationship between small and large firms, biotechnology-based companies, and university research and argues that these collaborative linkages need to be more firmly developed in our theoretical discussions if we are to make sense of the corporate world in the 1990s.

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22

Galambos, Louis, and Jeffrey L. Sturchio. "Pharmaceutical Firms and the Transition to Biotechnology: A Study in Strategic Innovation." Business History Review 72, no. 2 (1998): 250–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116278.

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During the twentieth century, the pharmaceutical industry experienced a series of dramatic changes as developments in science and technology generated new opportunities for innovation. Each of these transitions forced existing firms to develop new capabilities. The authors examine the most recent such transition, the shift to molecular genetics and recombinant DNA technology (1970 to the present), and explain how and why this transformation differed from the previous ones in pharmaceuticals. Small biotech startups played an important role in this transition, and the large pharmaceutical firms that began to enter the field had to develop new strategies for innovation. Two major strategies were adopted by the early movers, all of which created various kinds of alliances with the small biotech businesses. By the mid-1990s, the leading pharmaceutical manufacturers had established significant capabilities in the new field, but they were continuing to work with specialized biotechs in order to innovate across a broad range of therapeutic categories.

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23

Česiulytė, Vitalija, Eligijus Toločka, and Rolandas Strazdas. "PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 2, no. 4 (August 31, 2010): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2010.072.

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The development of pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries indicates that people around the world use different types of drugs for disease treatment and prevention. In the case of high demand for medicines, great attention to pharmacy industry is paid. Since the drugs are directly linked to human health and life, the state pays special attention to the safety of medicines and the quality of eligibility. Therefore, the companies wishing to become a part of this area are to obtain and then keep the license. The protection of intellectual property allows companies to use substantial investment in new drugs and treatment methods and to conduct research in the future. This is a particular concern for originator companies. Undefended patents also inhibit the creativity of local people as local innovators know that their products can be immediately copied, thus discouraging investment in new investigation.

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24

Popov, Stevan. "Biotechnology: Challenge for the food industry." Chemical Industry 61, no. 5 (2007): 246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0704246p.

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According to the broadest definition, biotechnology is the use of living matter (plants, animals and microorganisms) in industry, environment protection, medicine and agriculture. Biotechnology takes a key position in the field of food processing during thousands of years. Last about fifty years brought dynamical development of knowledges in the natural sciences especially in domain of genetics and manipulation of genes. Biotechnology for which active role in the on-coming times could be foreseen, not only with respect of R&D, but also in general technological development represents scope of priority in the USA and in European Union (EU) as well. It is accepted that the results achieved in biotechnology oversize scientific domain and find their entrance into economics, legislation, quality of life and even of politics. Corresponding with the definition of biotechnology as "the integration of natural sciences and engineering in the application of microorganisms, cells, their components and molecular analogues in production (General assembly of the European federation for Biotechnology, 1989) European Commission (1999) adopted the biotechnological taxonomy, i.e. fields and sub-fields of biotechnology. R&D activities in this domain are oriented to eight fields and branched through them. Fields of biotechnology (EC, 1999) are: 1) Plant biotechnology (agricultural cultivars, trees, bushes etc); 2) Animal biotechnology; 3) Biotechnology in environment protection; 4) Industrial biotechnology (food, feed, paper, textile, pharmaceutical and chemical productions); 5) Industrial biotechnology (production of cells and research of cells - producers of food and of other commodities); 6) Development of humane and veterinarian diagnostics (therapeutical systems) 7) Development of the basic biotechnology, and 8) Nontechnical domains of biotechnology. In concordance with some judgments, in the World exist about 4000 biotechnological companies. World market of biotechnological products is increasing at the rate of some 30 percents per year, and in the year of 2000 amounted to about 140 billions of US$. Owing to this, biotechnology became one of the most intensive industries in the world. American biotechnological industry spent even in the year of 1998 about US$ 10 millions for R&D activities. European Union included the development of biotechnology into its R&D programs and projects somewhere during eighties of the last century.

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25

Reily, Michael D., and Adrienne A. Tymiak. "Metabolomics in the pharmaceutical industry." Drug Discovery Today: Technologies 13 (June 2015): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ddtec.2015.03.001.

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26

Schneemann, Anette. "A cryoEM and microED pipeline for the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 76, a1 (August 2, 2020): a149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767320098517.

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27

Visalakshi, S., and Alka Prasad. "Shift in interests towards biotechnology in Indian pharmaceutical industry: an analysis." Research Evaluation 10, no. 3 (December 1, 2001): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3152/147154401781777006.

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28

Hobden, A. N., and T. J. R. Harris. "The impact of biotechnology and molecular biology on the pharmaceutical industry." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 99, no. 1-2 (1992): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000013038.

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Synopsis:Biotechnology had its initial impact on the pharmaceutical industry well before the perceived time. The use of fermentation technology to produce antibiotics was a cornerstone for the development of the industry. This event was both before cloning (BC) and before DNA (rather than after DNA – AD). Even now the antibiotic market, which is worth over 10 billion U.S. dollars a year, is the most valuable segment of the total market, (c.200 billion dollars per year). Nevertheless the impact of biotechnology in drug discovery was until recently perceived solely to be the use of recombinant DNA techniques to produce therapeutic proteins and modified versions of them by protein engineering.There are several other places where genetic engineering is influencing drug discovery. The expression of recombinant proteins in surrogate systems (e.g. in E. coli, yeast or via baculovirus infection or in mammalian cells) provides materials for structure determination (e.g. HIV protease) and structure/function studies (e.g. various receptors). Recombinant DNA techniques are influencing assay technology by allowing access to proteins in sufficient quantity for high throughput screening.In addition, screening organisms can be constructed where a particular protein function can be measured in a microorganism by complementation or via reporter gene expression.Transgenic animals also illustrate the power of the technology for drug discovery. Not only will transgenic rats and mice be used as models of disease but also for efficacy and toxicological profiling. What is learned in transgenic rodents may well set the scene for somatic cell gene therapy in humans.

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29

Wang, Kai, Jin Hong, Dora Marinova, and Liang Zhu. "Evolution and governance of the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry of China." Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 79, no. 9 (May 2009): 2947–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2008.09.001.

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30

Dicken, C. Michael, and Larry A. Sternson. "Analytical challenges to the pharmaceutical industry in developing products of biotechnology." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 7, no. 9 (January 1989): 1071–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0731-7085(89)80045-7.

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31

NIGRO, GIOVANNA LO, AZZURRA MORREALE, SERENA ROBBA, and PAOLO ROMA. "BIOPHARMACEUTICAL ALLIANCES AND COMPETITION: A REAL OPTIONS GAMES APPROACH." International Journal of Innovation Management 17, no. 06 (December 2013): 1340023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919613400239.

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The competitive landscape where pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies operate has changed radically due to a scientific/technological progress that has revolutionised the process by which drugs are developed. In fact, pharmaceutical industry more and more relies on advances in biochemistry and molecular biology. As a consequence, the number of partnerships between pharmaceutical and biotech firms has grown significantly. Research contributions addressing the biopharmaceutical alliances design have also focused on the optimal timing to sign a partnership. In this paper, we introduce and analyse the effect of competition in biotechnology industry by modelling the decisions of whether and when ally with a pharmaceutical company through a real options game. We find that the timing decisions depend on the level of the competition, synergies obtained through the alliance and contract terms offered by the pharmaceutical company as well. Also, we show that the first mover might not always pre-empt the follower in partnering with the pharmaceutical company.

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32

Schmidt, F. R. "Recombinant expression systems in the pharmaceutical industry." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 65, no. 4 (July 24, 2004): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-004-1656-9.

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33

Visalakshi, S., and G,D Sandhya. "An analysis of biotechnology and non-biotechnology R&D capabilities in the Indian pharmaceutical industry." R and D Management 27, no. 2 (April 1997): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00052.

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34

Agarwal, Himani, Sneh Bajpai, Arti Mishra, Isha Kohli, Ajit Varma, Mireille Fouillaud, Laurent Dufossé, and Naveen Chandra Joshi. "Bacterial Pigments and Their Multifaceted Roles in Contemporary Biotechnology and Pharmacological Applications." Microorganisms 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2023): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030614.

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Synthetic dyes and colourants have been the mainstay of the pigment industry for decades. Researchers are eager to find a more environment friendly and non-toxic substitute because these synthetic dyes have a negative impact on the environment and people’s health. Microbial pigments might be an alternative to synthetic pigments. Microbial pigments are categorized as secondary metabolites and are mainly produced due to impaired metabolism under stressful conditions. These pigments have vibrant shades and possess nutritional and therapeutic properties compared to synthetic pigment. Microbial pigments are now widely used within the pharmaceuticals, food, paints, and textile industries. The pharmaceutical industries currently use bacterial pigments as a medicine alternative for cancer and many other bacterial infections. Their growing popularity is a result of their low cost, biodegradable, non-carcinogenic, and environmentally beneficial attributes. This audit article has made an effort to take an in-depth look into the existing uses of bacterial pigments in the food and pharmaceutical industries and project their potential future applications.

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35

Schoukroun-Barnes, Lauren R., Pamela Duchars, Matthew Bartolowits, and Kristi Sarno. "What does return on investment (ROI) mean to the pharmaceutical/biotechnology industry?" Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 20, no. 1 (December 27, 2018): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1463922x.2018.1485986.

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36

Larson, Karen A., and Michael L. King. "Evaluation of Supercritical Fluid Extraction in the Pharmaceutical Industry." Biotechnology Progress 2, no. 2 (June 1986): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/btpr.5420020206.

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37

Erickson, Brent, Rina Singh, and Paul Winters. "Synthetic Biology: Regulating Industry Uses of New Biotechnologies." Science 333, no. 6047 (September 1, 2011): 1254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1211066.

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In our view, synthetic biology is an extension of the continuum of genetic science that has been used safely for more than 40 years by the biotechnology industry in the development of commercial products. Examples of synthetic biology use by biotechnology companies illustrate the potential to substantially reduce research and development time and to increase speed to market. Improvements in the speed and cost of DNA synthesis are enabling scientists to design modified bacterial chromosomes that can be used in the production of renewable chemicals, biofuels, bioproducts, renewable specialty chemicals, pharmaceutical intermediates, fine chemicals, food ingredients, and health care products. Regulatory options should support innovation and commercial development of new products while protecting the public from potential harms.

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38

Itoh, Toshio. "Biotech Trends in the Japanese Pharmaceutical Industry." Nature Biotechnology 5, no. 8 (August 1987): 794–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0887-794.

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39

Kaloudas, Dimitrios, and Robert Penchovsky. "Plant-Derived Compounds and Their Potential Role in Drug Development." International Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Engineering 7, no. 1 (January 2018): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbce.2018010104.

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This article describes how with the development of biotechnology, plants have gained again a prominent place as a relatively inexpensive source for the creation of recombinant pharmaceuticals. Plant-derived compounds have started playing a major role in the pharmaceutical industry with many plant-based products to have found their way in drugs and chemicals used for the treatment of different diseases and their symptoms. Plant-derived compounds have been tested for the treatment of several types of cancer, Central Nervous System disorders, as enhancers during chemotherapy and as vessels for targeted drug delivery. Genetically modified plant cells have been recruited for the production of therapeutic agencies as well as in the creation of expression systems for virus-like particles that could be used as vaccines. Moreover, microRNAs mimicking the plant ones have the ability to inhibit tumors in mammalian cells. This review describes plant-derived compounds and their properties as potential therapeutic agents and precursors for the development of novel drugs in the pharmaceutical industry.

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40

Gunaseelan, R., and T. Viswanathan. "Identification and Molecular Characterization of Microbial Isolates from Purified Water Used in Pharmaceutical Industry." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 1815–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.13.3.58.

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41

Mann, Greg, and Frédéric V. Stanger. "A Bio-logical Approach to Catalysis in the Pharmaceutical Industry." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 74, no. 5 (May 27, 2020): 407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2020.407.

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Enzymes have the potential to catalyse complex chemical reactions with unprecedented selectivity, under mild conditions in aqueous media. Accordingly, there is serious interest from the pharmaceutical industry to utilize enzymes as biocatalysts to produce medicines in an environmentally sustainable and economic manner. Prominent advances in the field of biotechnology have transformed this potential into a reality. Using modern protein engineering techniques, in a matter of months it is possible to evolve an enzyme, which fits the demands of a chemical process, or even to catalyse entirely novel chemistry. Consequently, biocatalysis is routinely applied throughout the pharmaceutical industry for a variety of applications, ranging from the manufacture of large volumes of high value blockbuster drugs to expanding the chemical space available for drug discovery.

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42

Rozek, Richard P. "Risk and Regulatory Factors Affecting Location Decisions by Research-Based Pharmaceutical Companies." European Journal of Risk Regulation 2, no. 1 (March 2011): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00000660.

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This report identifies the risk and regulatory factors that influence location decisions by research-based pharmaceutical/biotechnology companies. The primary data are from interviews with 34 senior executives representing 14 research-based pharmaceutical/biotechnology companies. These interviews provided qualitative information on the particular factors that matter and their relative importance in selecting a host country for an investment. The specific factors that influence the general willingness of companies to invest in a particular country are: industry history, the incremental nature of investments, stability, structure of the pharmaceutical marketplace, access to leading scientists and physicians, adequate supply of skilled workers, sufficient patient population for clinical trials, tax policy, and transport links both within the region served and to global headquarters.

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43

Evstatieva, Ljuba, and Bozhidar Tchorbanov. "Complex Investigations ofTribulus TerrestrisL. for Sustainable use by Pharmaceutical Industry." Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 25, no. 2 (January 2011): 2341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5504/bbeq.2011.0035.

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44

Schmid, Esther F., and Dennis A. Smith. "Managing innovation in the pharmaceutical industry." Journal of Commercial Biotechnology 12, no. 1 (October 1, 2005): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jcb.3040148.

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45

Correa, Carlos M. "The Pharmaceutical Industry and Biotechnology – Opportunities and Constraints for Developing Countries." World Competition 15, Issue 2 (December 1, 1991): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco1991011.

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46

Lill, Jennie R., William R. Mathews, Christopher M. Rose, and Markus Schirle. "Proteomics in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry: a look to the next decade." Expert Review of Proteomics 18, no. 7 (July 3, 2021): 503–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14789450.2021.1962300.

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47

Aziz, Norazlina Abdul, Siti Hafsyah Idris, Farizah Mohd Isa, and Zuhaira Nadiah Zulkip. "The Impact of Biotechnology on the Pharmaceutical Industry in Malaysia: A Critical Discourse." Environmental Policy and Law 49, no. 2-3 (August 16, 2019): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/epl-190147.

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Zabriskie, Dane. "Strengthening the biological weapons convention and implications on the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry." Current Opinion in Biotechnology 9, no. 3 (June 1998): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0958-1669(98)80066-9.

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Wang, Su, and Yuwen Chen. "How Technological Innovation Affect China’s Pharmaceutical Smart Manufacturing Industrial Upgrading." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (November 26, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3342153.

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In recent years, a new generation of information technology has provided sufficient technical support for the smart manufacturing industry. In order to promote the upgrading of China’s pharmaceutical smart manufacturing industry, the direction of industrial upgrading and transformation will be discussed from the perspective of technological innovation. According to the input and output data of technological innovation in China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry from 2007 to 2019, the DEA method is used to analyze the allocation of innovative resources in China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in recent years. The study found that the efficiency of technological innovation in China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry fluctuated greatly from 2007 to 2019, with a low overall level and varying degrees of wasted resources. On this basis, an in-depth analysis of the system architecture of the pharmaceutical smart manufacturing industry under the Industry 4.0 environment was performed. Finally, four paths for the digital transformation of China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry are proposed. Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturing companies need to use new technologies to carry out comprehensive intelligent upgrading and digital transformation to improve innovation efficiency.

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Almeida, Hugo, Maria Helena Amaral, and Paulo Lobão. "Drugs obtained by biotechnology processing." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 47, no. 2 (June 2011): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502011000200002.

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In recent years, the number of drugs of biotechnological origin available for many different diseases has increased exponentially, including different types of cancer, diabetes mellitus, infectious diseases (e.g. AIDS Virus / HIV) as well as cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory, and autoimmune diseases, among others. The pharmaceutical industry has used different technologies to obtain new and promising active ingredients, as exemplified by the fermentation technique, recombinant DNA technique and the hybridoma technique. The expiry of the patents of the first drugs of biotechnological origin and the consequent emergence of biosimilar products, have posed various questions to health authorities worldwide regarding the definition, framework, and requirements for authorization to market such products.

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