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1
Berendt, Robert T., Diana M. Sperger, Eric J. Munson, and Paul K. Isbester. "Solid-state NMR spectroscopy in pharmaceutical research and analysis." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 25, no. 10 (November 2006): 977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2006.07.006.
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Jansson, Sven Olof, and J�rgen Vessman. "Trends in product analysis for research in the pharmaceutical industry." Mikrochimica Acta 104, no. 1-6 (January 1991): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01245501.
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Niculet, Elena, Gina Vica Neculia, Alin Laurentiu Tatu, and Olimpia Dumitriu Buzia. "Curcumin- Extraction, Physical and Chemical Analysis, Formulas and Control. Basic Methods for Further Research." Materiale Plastice 55, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 672–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.18.4.5110.
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Turmeric, with its active component curcumin has been regarded lately as an important potential therapeutic agent due to its properties and many uses. Further research needs to be done both on animals and humans in order for it to be used at a large scale. As curcumin gets absorbed better through topical and not oral administration, curcumin-based pharmaceuticals with skin passage must be devised. In order for this to be done, the need for a standardized, verified and simple extraction method and one for ointment preparation with stability in time rises. We propose in this study a method for curcumin extraction, one that ensures an adequate stability in time and a method for pharmaceutical control.
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Bruni, Renato, Davide Barreca, Michele Protti, Virginia Brighenti, Laura Righetti, Lisa Anceschi, Laura Mercolini, Stefania Benvenuti, Giuseppe Gattuso, and Federica Pellati. "Botanical Sources, Chemistry, Analysis, and Biological Activity of Furanocoumarins of Pharmaceutical Interest." Molecules 24, no. 11 (June 8, 2019): 2163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24112163.
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The aim of this work is to provide a critical review of plant furanocoumarins from different points of view, including their chemistry and biosynthetic pathways to their extraction, analysis, and synthesis, to the main biological activities found for these active compounds, in order to highlight their potential within pharmaceutical science. The limits and the possible improvements needed for research involving these molecules are also highlighted and discussed.
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Sutariya, Vijaykumar, Anastasia Groshev, Prabodh Sadana, Deepak Bhatia, and Yashwant Pathak. "Artificial Neural Network in Drug Delivery and Pharmaceutical Research." Open Bioinformatics Journal 7, no. 1 (December 13, 2013): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875036201307010049.
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Artificial neural networks (ANNs) technology models the pattern recognition capabilities of the neural networks of the brain. Similarly to a single neuron in the brain, artificial neuron unit receives inputs from many external sources, processes them, and makes decisions. Interestingly, ANN simulates the biological nervous system and draws on analogues of adaptive biological neurons. ANNs do not require rigidly structured experimental designs and can map functions using historical or incomplete data, which makes them a powerful tool for simulation of various non-linear systems.ANNs have many applications in various fields, including engineering, psychology, medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical research. Because of their capacity for making predictions, pattern recognition, and modeling, ANNs have been very useful in many aspects of pharmaceutical research including modeling of the brain neural network, analytical data analysis, drug modeling, protein structure and function, dosage optimization and manufacturing, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics modeling, and in vitro in vivo correlations. This review discusses the applications of ANNs in drug delivery and pharmacological research.
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Pedro, Sónia N., Carmen S. R. Freire, Armando J. D. Silvestre, and Mara G. Freire. "The Role of Ionic Liquids in the Pharmaceutical Field: An Overview of Relevant Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21 (November 5, 2020): 8298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218298.
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Solubility, bioavailability, permeation, polymorphism, and stability concerns associated to solid-state pharmaceuticals demand for effective solutions. To overcome some of these drawbacks, ionic liquids (ILs) have been investigated as solvents, reagents, and anti-solvents in the synthesis and crystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), as solvents, co-solvents and emulsifiers in drug formulations, as pharmaceuticals (API-ILs) aiming liquid therapeutics, and in the development and/or improvement of drug-delivery-based systems. The present review focuses on the use of ILs in the pharmaceutical field, covering their multiple applications from pharmaceutical synthesis to drug delivery. The most relevant research conducted up to date is presented and discussed, together with a critical analysis of the most significant IL-based strategies in order to improve the performance of therapeutics and drug delivery systems.
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Rogers, Michael J., Anshuman Gupta, and Costas D. Maranas. "Real Options Based Analysis of Optimal Pharmaceutical Research and Development Portfolios." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 41, no. 25 (December 2002): 6607–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie020385p.
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Starek, Małgorzata, and Monika Dąbrowska. "Chromatographic techniques in analysis of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in drugs and biological samples." Open Chemistry 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 711–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-012-0029-y.
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AbstractNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as a therapeutic class, are among the most often used active pharmaceutical ingredients in heath care in the world. They are mostly available without prescription and often used for treatment of fever and pain. An extensive research of the literature published in analytical and pharmaceutical chemistry journals has been conducted and the chromatographic methods which were used for the purity, stability and pharmacokinetic studies of the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, in formulations and biological materials have been reviewed. The methodology for the analysis of selected drugs is very well documented and many examples are available in the literature. The common use of chromatographic techniques with various detection attachments provide possibility for monitoring of drugs in therapy.
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Custers, Deborah, Patricia Courselle, Sandra Apers, and Eric Deconinck. "Chemometrical analysis of fingerprints for the detection of counterfeit and falsified medicines." Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 35, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revac-2016-0013.
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AbstractCounterfeit medicines pose a major threat to public health worldwide. These pharmaceuticals are mostly manufactured without respecting Good Manufacturing Practices. Moreover, they are not subjected to any form of quality control, and therefore their safety, efficacy, and quality cannot be guaranteed. Extensive research on counterfeit medicines has already been performed and published in literature. This review aims at providing an updated overview of the use of fingerprints and subsequent multivariate (chemometrical) data analysis in the field of counterfeit medicine detection. Fingerprinting could be a useful tool in the analysis of counterfeit medicines because it generates a holistic view of a sample, rather than focusing on specific and predefined characteristics, such as identification and quantification of present active pharmaceutical ingredients. This review first provides an introduction into the counterfeiting problem. Next, the concept of fingerprinting and the basic principles of chemometrics are explained, followed by a description of the successful application of fingerprints in the field of Pharmacognosy. The last part of this review provides an overview describing the use of fingerprints in counterfeit medicine research.
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Pinto, Prakash, Iqbal Thonse Hawaldar, Guruprasad Kemminje, Babitha Rohit, Cristi Marcel Spulbar, Felicia Ramona Birau, and Cristian Valeriu Stanciu. "The Impact of Risk Anomalies on the Pharmaceutical Sector of the Indian Stock Market. A comparative analysis between pharmaceutical, FMCG and IT companies." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 2 (March 3, 2020): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.2.7892.
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The main purpose of this research article is to provide a comparative framework on various implications of risk anomalies on Indian stock market based on an empirical study for the following sectors: Pharmaceutical, Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) and IT. Risk anomaly is a notable anomaly because it is continual and all-inclusive. This research study aims to examine the existence of risk anomaly in the National Stock Exchange, India, and in particular providing a comparative analysis on the behavior of the pharmaceutical sector in India.
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Whitley, Andrew, Fran Adar, and Ruth Geiger. "Advanced Raman Spectroscopy for Pharmaceutical and Biological Applications." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600026854.
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With the advent of easy to use analytical and research instrumentation the Raman technique has finally become accepted and is now widely used by pharmaceutical and biomedical companies. Applications range from simple polymorphic crystal form and protein studies to Raman mapping studies of active/excipient distribution and association that give a better understanding of drug dissolution and effectiveness. Examples of such work will be discussed.More recently with the growing confidence in the power of Raman spectroscopy pharmaceutical and biomedical companies have teamed with instrument companies to develop specific Raman tools. One example of this is the development of a Raman mutiwell/microarray analyzer. High Throughput screening (HTS) is the latest approach in analytical technology. Used particularly in the pharmaceutical industry and in the life science laboratories, this method enables systematic screening of drug design and high throughput analysis of batch production. Combinatorial chemistry is a statistical approach in synthetic chemistry.
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Veleva, Vesela, and Berkeley W. Cue Jr. "Benchmarking green chemistry adoption by “big pharma” and generics manufacturers." Benchmarking: An International Journal 24, no. 5 (July 3, 2017): 1414–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-01-2016-0003.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to benchmark current adoption of green chemistry (GC) practices by the innovative and generic pharmaceutical companies and examine the drivers, barriers and future opportunities. Design/methodology/approach The authors examined publicly available data for the top 10 “big pharma” and top ten generic drug manufacturers. Using the IQ Green Chemistry working group framework for effective GC programs, they scored each of the 20 companies in seven key areas. Findings The study finds that generic drug companies have not embraced GC at the level of the innovative pharmaceutical companies (average GC score of 2 vs 11 for “big pharma”). Top two barriers for them include: lack of pressure and incentives, and the burdensome regulatory process for making changes in the manufacturing process. Research limitations/implications The research is based on publicly disclosed information. It is possible that some generic drug manufacturers have begun to work internally on GC but have not disclosed externally yet. Future research should include a survey or interviews of generic drug manufacturers. Practical implications The company-level analysis, benchmarking framework and results are of value for researchers and practitioners interested in advancing greater adoption of GC by the pharmaceutical industry. Originality/value This study provides the first company-level benchmarking of GC adoption by the largest innovative and generics drug manufacturers. It contributes to the literature on the barriers and drivers for greater adoption of GC.
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Marinkovic, Valentina, Tatjana Sibalija, Vidosav Majstorovic, and Ljiljana Tasic. "Impact analysis of the implemented quality management system on business performances in pharmaceutical-chemical industry in Serbia." Chemical Industry 67, no. 3 (2013): 535–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind120425081m.
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International quality management standard (QMS) ISO 9001 became widely accepted as a framework for product and/or services quality improvement. There are recent research conducted in order to define relationships and effects between the applied QMS and financial and/or non-financial business parameters. The effects of the applied pharmaceutical quality system (PQS) on the business performances in Serbian pharmaceutical-chemical industry are analyzed in this paper using multivariate linear regression analysis. The empirical data were collected using a survey that was performed among experts from Serbian pharmaceutical-chemical industrial sector during 2010. An extensive questionnaire was used in the survey, grouping the questions in eight groups: Implementation of pharmaceutical quality system (AQ), Quality/strategy planning (QP), Human resource management (HR), Supply management (SM), Customer focus (CF), Process management (PM), Continuous improvement (CI), and Business results (BR). The primary goal of the research was to analyze the effects of the elements of first seven groups (AQ, QP, HR, SM, CF, PM, and CI) that present various aspects of the implementation of PQS, on the elements of business results (BR). Based on empirical data, regression relations were formed to present the effects of all considered elements of PQS implementation on the business performance parameters (BR). The positive effects of PQS implementation on the business performances such as the assessment of performance indicators, continual products and/or services quality improvement, and efficient problem solving, are confirmed in the presented research for the Serbian pharmaceutical-chemical industrial sector. The results of the presented research will create a room for the improvement of the existing models in application, and for attracting interested parties that aim to commence this business standardization process. Hence, implementation of PQS is not only the regulatory requirement or advertising movement, but very important issue for the development and improvement of business performances.
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Ihos, Monica, Corneliu Bogatu, Carmen Lazau, Florica Manea, and Rodica Pode. "Pharmaceutically Active Compounds Degradation Using Doped TiO2 Functionalized Zeolite Photocatalyst." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.1.6040.
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The aim of this study was the investigation of photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutically active compounds using doped TiO2 functionalized zeolite photocatalyst. Diclofenac (DCF), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, that represents a biorefractory micropollutant, was chosen as model of pharmaceutically active compound. The photocatalyst was Z-TiO2-Ag. The concentration of DCF in the working solutions was 10 mg/L,50 mg/L,100 mg/L and 200 mg/L and of photocatalyst 1 g/L in any experiments. The process was monitored by recording the UV spectra of the treated solutions and total organic carbon (TOC) determination. The UV spectra analysis and TOC removal proved that along the advanced degradation of DCF also a mineralization process occurred. The carried out research provided useful information envisaging the treatment of pharmaceutical effluents by photocatalysis.
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D’Orazio, Giovanni, Chiara Fanali, Chiara Dal Bosco, Alessandra Gentili, and Salvatore Fanali. "Chiral separation and analysis of antifungal drugs by chromatographic and electromigration techniques: Results achieved in 2010–2020." Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 220–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revac-2021-0136.
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Abstract The determination and separation of enantiomers is an interesting and important topic of research in various fields, e.g., biochemistry, food science, pharmaceutical industry, environment, etc. Although these compounds possess identical physicochemical properties, a pair of enantiomers often has different pharmacological, toxicological, and metabolic activities. For this reason, chiral discrimination by using chromatographic and electromigration techniques has become an urgent need in the pharmaceutical field. This review intends to offer the “state of the art” about the separation of chiral antifungal drugs and several related precursors by both liquid and gas chromatography, as well as electromigration methods. This overview is organized into two sections. The first one describes general considerations on chiral antifungal drugs. The second part deals with the main analytical methods for the enantiomeric discrimination of these drugs, including a brief description of chiral selectors and stationary phases. Moreover, many recent applications attesting the great interest of analytical chemists in the field of enantiomeric separation are presented.
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M., Ankith, Surya Teja S. P., and Damodharan N. "ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS: FUNCTIONINGANDAPPLICATIONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 10, no. 5 (September 8, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018v10i5.28300.
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Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technology is a group of computer designed algorithms for simulating neurological processing to process information and produce outcomes like the thinking process of humans in learning, decision making and solving problems. The uniqueness of ANN is its ability to deliver desirable results even with the help of incomplete or historical data results without a need for structured experimental design by modeling and pattern recognition. It imbibes data through repetition with suitable learning models, similarly to humans, without actual programming. It leverages its ability by processing elements connected with the user given inputs which transfers as a function and provides as output. Moreover, the present output by ANN is a combinational effect of data collected from previous inputs and the current responsiveness of the system. Technically, ANN is associated with highly monitored network along with a back propagation learning standard. Due to its exceptional predictability, the current uses of ANN can be applied to many more disciplines in the area of science which requires multivariate data analysis. In the pharmaceutical process, this flexible tool is used to simulate various non-linear relationships. It also finds its application in the enhancement of pre-formulation parameters for predicting physicochemical properties of drug substances. It also finds its applications in pharmaceutical research, medicinal chemistry, QSAR study, pharmaceutical instrumental engineering. Its multi-objective concurrent optimization is adopted in the drug discovery process, protein structure, rational data analysis also.
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Horyn, M. M., and L. S. Logoyda. "METHODS OF METOPROLOL ANALYSIS IN DRUGS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS: REVIEW AND SUGGESTIONS." International Journal of Medicine and Medical Research 5, no. 2 (February 26, 2020): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/ijmmr.2413-6077.2019.2.10897.
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Background. Analytical method is increasingly implemented into fundamental pharmaceutical chemistry and analysis, considering their high sensitivity, accuracy, specificity and expressiveness.
Objective. Metoprolol’s analytical method development was the research goal.
Methods. The sources were world recognized journals (1990-2019) and key words used as filter were “metoprolol”, “spectrophotometry” “high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC”, “quantitative analysis”, “validation”.
Results. Chromatographic methods of analysis have the highest specificity and objectivity and allow qualitative and quantitative determination of Active Pharmaceutic Ingredient (API) in combined dosage forms and biological fluids without prior components separation. The main disadvantage of the described API analysis methods is long terms from the beginning of chromatography to API release and specific solvents used as the mobile phase in HPLC. New methods development and selection such chromatographic conditions that provide high speed and high efficiency at lower pressure of the system are essential. Also, the reduction of analysis time is achieved by simplifying the conditions for sample preparation.
Conclusions. Analysts are constantly working on developing new analysis methods and their optimization in order to save time and consumables, which also ensures the efficiency of the developed method. There is no monograph on the substance or dosage forms of metoprolol in SPhU. Therefore, some of the developed methods should be suggested for the SPhU monograph, which is important for ensuring pharmacopoeial quality control of medicines in Ukraine.
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Dranca, Ion, Igor Povar, and Tudor Lupascu. "Pharmaceutical Amorphous Organic Materials Characterization by Using the Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis." Chemistry Journal of Moldova 6, no. 2 (December 2011): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2011.06(2).19.
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This research has been carried out in order to demonstrate the use of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in detecting and measuring α- and β-relaxation processes in amorphous pharmaceutical systems. DSC has been employed to study amorphous samples of poly (vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), indomethacin (InM), and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDA) that are annealed at temperature (Ta) around 0.8 of their glass transition temperature (Tg). Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is used to measure β- relaxation in PVP. Yet, the DSC has been used to study the glassy indomethacin aged at 0 and -10 oC for periods of time up to 109 and 210 days respectively. The results demonstrate the emergence of a small melting peak of the α-polymorph after aging for 69 days at 0°C and for 147 days at -10°C (i.e., ~55°C below the glass transition temperature) that provides evidence of nucleation occurring in the temperature region of the β-relaxation.
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Buntin, Kathrin, Peter Ertl, Dominic Hoepfner, Philipp Krastel, Edward J. Oakeley, Dominik Pistorius, Tim Schuhmann, Joanne Wong, and Frank Petersen. "Deliberations on Natural Products and Future Directions in the Pharmaceutical Industry." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 75, no. 7 (August 25, 2021): 620–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2021.620.
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Natural Products (NPs) are molecular' special equipment ' that impart survival benefits on their producers in nature. Due to their evolved functions to modulate biology these privileged metabolites are substantially represented in the drug market and are continuing to contribute to the discovery of innovative medicines such as the recently approved semi-synthetic derivative of the bacterial alkaloid staurosporin in oncology indications. The innovation of low molecular weight compounds in modern drug discovery is built on rapid progress in chemical, molecular biological, pharmacological and data sciences, which together provide a rich understanding of disease-driving molecular interactions and how to modulate them. NPs investigated in these pharmaceutical research areas create new perspectives on their chemical and biological features and thereby new chances to advance medical research. New methods in analytical chemistry linked with searchable NP-databases solved the issue of reisolation and enabled targeted and efficient access to novel molecules from nature. Cheminformatics delivers high resolution descriptions of NPs and explores the substructures that systematically map NP-chemical space by sp3-enriched fragments. Whole genome sequencing has revealed the existence of collocated gene clusters that form larger functional entities together with proximate resistance factors thus avoiding self-inhibition of the encoded metabolites. The analysis of bacterial and fungal genes provides tantalizing glimpses of new compound-target pairs of therapeutic value. Furthermore, a dedicated investigation of structurally unique, selectively active NPs in chemical biology demonstrates their extraordinary power as shuttles between new biological target spaces of pharmaceutical relevance.
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Tita, Ioana Cristina, Eleonora Marian, Bogdan Tita, Claudia Crina Toma, and Laura Vicas. "Thermal Behaviour of Candesartan Active substance and in pharmaceutical compounds." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 8 (September 15, 2017): 1895–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.8.5787.
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Thermal analysis is one of the most frequently used instrumental techniques in the pharmaceutical research, for the thermal characterization of different materials from solids to semi-solids, which are of pharmaceutical relevance. In this paper, simultaneous thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used for characterization of the thermal behaviour of candesartan cilexetil � active substance (C-AS) under dynamic nitrogen atmosphere and nonisothermal conditions, in comparison with pharmaceutical product containing the corresponding active substance. It was observed that the commercial samples showed a different thermal profile than the standard sample, caused by the presence of excipients in the pharmaceutical product and to possible interaction of these with the active substance. The Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) were used as complementary techniques adequately implement and assist in interpretation of the thermal results. The main conclusion of this comparative study was that the TG/DTG and DSC curves, together with the FT-IR spectra, respectively X-ray difractograms constitute believe data for the discrimination between the pure substance and pharmaceutical forms.
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Kotha, Raghavendhar R., and Devanand L. Luthria. "Curcumin: Biological, Pharmaceutical, Nutraceutical, and Analytical Aspects." Molecules 24, no. 16 (August 13, 2019): 2930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24162930.
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Turmeric is a curry spice that originated from India, which has attracted great interest in recent decades because it contains bioactive curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin). Curcumin (1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione), a lipophilic polyphenol may work as an anticancer, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging agent as suggested by several in vitro, in vivo studies and clinical trials. However, poor aqueous solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic profiles limit curcumin’s therapeutic usage. To address these issues, several curcumin formulations have been developed. However, suboptimal sample preparation and analysis methodologies often hamper the accurate evaluation of bioactivities and their clinical efficacy. This review summarizes recent research on biological, pharmaceutical, and analytical aspects of the curcumin. Various formulation techniques and corresponding clinical trials and in vivo outcomes are discussed. A detailed comparison of different sample preparation (ultrasonic, pressurized liquid extraction, microwave, reflux) and analytical (FT-IR, FT-NIR, FT-Raman, UV, NMR, HPTLC, HPLC, and LC-MS/MS) methodologies used for the extraction and quantification of curcuminoids in different matrices, is presented. Application of optimal sample preparation, chromatographic separation, and detection methodologies will significantly improve the assessment of different formulations and biological activities of curcuminoids.
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Schneider, Michael C. "Das wissenschaftliche Unternehmen." Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte 62, no. 2 (September 4, 2017): 163–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zug-2017-1003.
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Abstract:The scientific enterprise. Chemical-pharmaceutical research at E. Merck, Darmstadt, ca. 1900 to 1930This article deals with the development of academic research within the pharmaceutical firm E. Merck, Darmstadt, between 1900 and 1930. One main purpose is to clarify to what extent the widespread notion is justified that external research gave way for internal research in order to maintain a leading position in innovativeness. Therefore the article analyses the way of co-operation between Merck and Richard Willstätter in the case of cocaine-synthesis around 1900, and the co-operation with Adolf Windaus with regard to vitamin D during the 1920s. The article concludes that internal research was indeed intensified during the interwar period, on the one hand. But this development is, on the other hand, better understood as a necessary precondition if the firm wanted prospectively be able to participate at novel developments in vitamin chemistry. The co-operation between the chemical laboratory of the university of Goettingen, the Merck research laboratory, and the pharmaceutical laboratory of I.G. Farbenindustrie AG are more aptly interpreted as an interconnected research network in which each part contributed original insights and, occasionally, breakthroughs.
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Sirbu, Rodica, Gabriela Stanciu, Emin Cadar, Aneta Tomescu, and Melat Cherim. "Validation of a Quantitative Analysis Method for Collagen Extracted from Grey Mullet Marine Fish." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 3 (April 15, 2019): 835–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.3.7016.
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The Black Sea offers numerous harnessing possibilities for the medical and pharmaceutical, agricultural, food industry and cosmetic fields. Collagen extraction from the Black Sea fish is a research area of great interest. The purpose of this paper is to optimize the collagen quantitative analysis method based on hydroxyproline reagent through visible molecular absorption spectrometry. The adapted method was validated, achieving the following performance criteria: linearity, detection and quantification limits, accuracy/fidelity, stability/sturdiness, repeatability, and measurement uncertainty. The validated method was applied for the quantitative determination of collagen content in Grey Mullet fish and for the evaluation of collagen extraction output.
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Voronova, Olesya A., Elena I. Korotkova, Evgenii V. Plotnikov, Alina V. Geraskevich, Nadegda G. Kataeva, Elena V. Dorozhko, Irina S. Gamayurova, Olga I. Lipskikh, and Ksenia V. Derina. "Voltammetric Study of the Total Activity of Antioxidants in the Blood Serum of Patients with Neurological Diseases." Chemosensors 9, no. 5 (May 7, 2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9050103.
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One of the main directions in the development of modern electroanalytical chemistry is the development of new effective methods for research and analysis of biological objects, particularly, human blood serum. The creation of new electrochemical sensors is a promising approach, which has determined several main directions in applied voltammetry in the field of chemical analytical control. In this work, the dynamics and parameters of total antioxidant activity of human serum blood of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia, during treatment with pharmaceutical drugs Mexidol, Cavinton Comfort, and Cytoflavin was tested by cathode voltammetry with a model process of oxygen electroreduction, using a new electrochemical sensor.
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Cosa, Gonzalo. "Photodegradation and photosensitization in pharmaceutical products: Assessing drug phototoxicity." Pure and Applied Chemistry 76, no. 2 (January 1, 2004): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200476020263.
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Toxic reactants are a common result of the interaction of sunlight with pharmaceutical agents transported in the blood system or applied topically. Over the past decade there has been a considerable amount of research toward understanding both the unimolecular deactivation pathway of photoexcited pharmaceutical products and their photosensitizing capability in the presence of biological substrates. This work summarizes recent developments in the study of the photodegradation mechanism of ketoprofen, fenofibric acid, and tiaprofenic acid. An analysis of excited-state electronic energy levels, the type of intermediates formed following excitation, and transient intermediate lifetimes is presented. The analysis involves both parent drugs and their major photoproducts. Phototoxicity, usually the result of adverse photochemical reactions following direct photoexcitation of the drugs, is shown to be strongly related to the photoexcitation of photoproducts when high radiation dose conditions prevail. The photoproducts are the species directly involved in photosensitizing reactions.
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Skorobogach, V., A. Karpov, and A. Kupriyanov. "Analysis of the Human Capital of Employees of Different Specialties Demanded by the Pharmaceutical Company." Scientific Research and Development. Economics of the Firm 9, no. 4 (January 11, 2021): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2306-627x-2020-89-96.
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The article points to the relevance of the development of human capital of employees of the organization to maintain the growth of labor productivity at the enterprise. Theoretical approaches of various researchers to the concept of "human capital" and its structure are considered. The current situation and possible reasons for low labor productivity in the pharmaceutical industry are considered. The results of the study of human capital of the most popular representatives of four specialties in the pharmaceutical field: doctors, pharmacists, biotechnologists, chemists. Based on the characteristic features of the studied specialties concerning qualification requirements, the period of professional skills development, the timing of career development and the implementation of work projects, the author's model of human capital was proposed, which also includes elements that affect labor productivity. According to the study of the elements and parameters of human capital representatives from reporting professions were no significant differences in the parameters of the fields and the dominant elements of human capital that will allow further research to develop the optimum system of stimulation of labor productivity of employees of organizations.
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Gavat, Cristian Catalin, Leonard Vasile Vasilescu, and Afrodita Doina Marculescu. "Visible Spectrophotometric Analysis Method of Sodium Metamizole in Tablets." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.2.6938.
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The aim of this research was to exactly quantify pure sodium metamizole from tablets , using a spectrophotometric analysis in Visible range. The method applied has been subjected to a validation protocal which consisted in analyzing the following parameters: linearity of the method, detection limit (LD) , quantitation limit (LQ), Sandell�s sensitivity, interference of excipients, stability of prepared solutions, method and system precision, accuracy of the method. Following actual dosing, pure sodium metamizole amount in tablet of pharmaceutical was found to be 477.477 mg assigned to a percentage content of 95.495 %, very close to official declared amount (500 mg), with an maximum average percentage deviation of only 4.505 % from the official declared active substance content. This value was situated below the maximum admissible percentage deviation from stated active substance content (� 5%), established by Romanian Pharmacopoeia, X-th Edition rules.
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Abed, Ream Ismail, Hind Hadi, and Hind Hadi. "Direct determination of piroxicam in pharmaceutical forms using flow injection- spectrophotometry." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 34, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i1.2.
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In this research, direct batch and flow injection (FI) spectrophotometric methods for the analysis of piroxicam (PIX) in commercial dosage forms were investigated. The methods were based on the reaction of PIX with diazotized metoclopramide in alkaline medium to form orange color product at room temperature which absorbs maximally at λmax 472 nm. Chemical and physical variables of batch and FI methods were optimized to produce high sensitivity and reproducibility. Under the optimized experimental conditions, Beer’s law was obeyed over concentration ranges from 1 - 35 and 10 - 250 μg/mL PIX with limits of detection of 0.2 and 3.4 μg/mL and limits of quantification of 0.7 and 11.4 μg/mL PIX for batch and FI procedures, respectively. The relative standard deviation (%RSD) was less than 0.7 and 2.4 for batch and FI procedures respectively with a sample throughput of 38 h-1 for FI procedure. The proposed methods can be used for the routine analysis for the assay of PIX in injections and capsules.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(1), 13-23.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i1.2
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Tang, Jie, Hang Song, Xueting Feng, Alula Yohannes, and Shun Yao. "Ionic Liquid-Like Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Applications of Ionic Liquids in Medicinal Chemistry: Development, Status and Prospects." Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, no. 32 (November 19, 2019): 5947–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180605123436.
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Background:As a new kind of green media and bioactive compounds with special structure, Ionic Liquids (ILs) are attracting much attention and applied widely in many fields. However, their roles and potential have not been fully recognized by many researchers of medicinal chemistry. Because of obvious differences from other traditional drugs and reagents, their uses and performance together with advantages and disadvantages need to be explored and reviewed in detail.Methods:For a systematic and explicit description of the relationship between ILs and medicinal chemistry, all of the contents were elucidated and summarized in a series of independent parts. In each part, it started from the research background or a conceptual framework and then specific examples were introduced to illustrate the theme. Finally, the important conclusions were drawn and its future was outlooked after the discussion about related key problems appearing in each mentioned research. Meanwhile, methodologies such as empirical analysis, comparison and induction were applied in different sections to exposit our subject.Results:The whole review was composed of five parts, and 148 papers were cited in total. Related basic information of ionic liquids was provided on the basis of representative references, including their concepts and important characters. Then 82 papers outlined ionic liquid-like active pharmaceutical ingredients, which unfolded with their major biological activities (antimicrobial activity, antibiofilm activity, antitumor activity, anticholinesterase activity and so on). Applications of ionic liquids in the synthesis of drugs and pharmaceutical intermediates were elaborated in 92 papers to illustrate the important roles of ILs and their extraordinary properties in this field. Moreover, new technologies (such as immobilization of IL, microwave reaction, solventfree synthesis, microreactor, etc) were introduced for further innovation. Finally, 26 papers were included to expound the status of the IL-assisted derivatization of various natural lead compounds.Conclusion:This review placed emphasis on chemical structures of ILs and their structureactivity relationships in a specific manner, leading to meaningful and valuable related information to some related fields and thus promotes further development and application of various ILs for medicinal chemistry. The deep exploration for key scientific problems is the driving force to propel their theoretical breakthrough and industrial production.
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Lee, Kuo-Hsiung. "Research and future trends in the pharmaceutical development of medicinal herbs from Chinese medicine." Public Health Nutrition 3, no. 4a (December 2000): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980000000604.
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AbstractIssues concerning the past and future development of medicinal herbs from Chinese medicine (CM) are addressed in this paper. In the Western world, medicinal herbs are becoming increasingly popular and important in the public and scientific communities. In contrast to their regulated status in China and other countries, herbal medicines are regarded as dietary supplements in the US. Accordingly, research must continue worldwide to identify and improve the efficacy of the active principals of herbs both singly and in combination – from active ingredients, active fractions, and active herbal formulations. While Western medicine currently employs pure, single compounds, either natural or synthetic, CM has long used multiple combinations of compounds in the form of processed natural products, primarily medicinal herbs, to treat and relieve the symptoms of many different human diseases. CM may have fewer and less severe side effects than single pure drugs, making CM especially attractive to the consumer. In effect, CM's focus on combination therapy does serve both ancient and modern theories. However, research using modern analytical and chemical techniques is needed to ensure efficacy and safety, to provide qualitative and quantitative analyses for dietary supplements, and to develop new, effective and safe world-class drugs. Drug design is an iterative process. Bioactivity-directed fractionation and isolation identify active natural compounds from single herbs or formulations. These lead structures can be chemically modified and improved through knowledge of structure–activity relationship, mechanism of action, drug metabolism, molecular modelling and combinatorial chemistry studies. Finally, efficacy and toxicity determination as well as clinical trials can contribute to the generation of new drugs from CM. To continue the legacy of CM, as well as the worldwide uses of other medicinal herbs, continued investigation of active formulations, bioactive fractions, and isolated compounds is critical to drug development in the 21st century.
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Kojić-Prodić, Biserka, and Krešimir Molčanov. "A Strong Link Between Organic Chemistry and Chemical Crystallography Started a Century Ago." Croatica chemica acta 92, no. 2 (2019): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5562/cca3534.
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The article sheds light on some historical crossings of organic chemistry and chemical crystallography. It connects past and present bringing into the focus Prof. Kata Mlinarić-Majerski’s research. An impact of structural chemistry on organic synthesis and reactivity is shown. X-ray structure analysis was established as a unique method to determine the composition and architecture of synthetic and natural organic molecules, already in the second decade of the last century; some of historical and scientific milestones are shown. Numerous controversies were solved, when intriguing molecular structures had been determined and the nature of chemical bond was clarified. An absolute structure (chirality) determination using an anomalous dispersion of X-rays was an important step forward, particularly in pharmaceutical industry. Structural data provided by X-ray crystallography, stored by Cambridge Structural Data Centre have been of great impact on many areas of science. They are closely related to intra- and intermolecular forces and structure/function correlations directing us to synthesis of compounds with designed properties. The developments of supramolecular chemistry, crystal engineering, materials science, and most of all of molecular machines have been assisted by chemical crystallography. The essay does not aim to review the complete scientific opus of Prof. K. Mlinarić-Majerski but it is focused on some of the highlights of her research. The interdisciplinary approach in her research is related to the use of X-ray structural analysis to define molecular architecture, conformational chirality, conformational isomerism, and get insight into reaction paths, interactions governing molecular assembling, and to recognise chemical properties of new compounds. In these researches the X-ray crystallographers were involved.
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Wesolowski, Marek, Barbara Rojek, and Joanna Piotrowska. "Application of Chemometrically Processed Thermogravimetric Data for Identification of Baclofen–Excipient Interactions." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 95, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sge_wesolowski.
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Abstract Studies are constantly being conducted on the elaboration of efficient methods to confirm the compatibility of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients, since medicinal products, apart from their APIs, also contain numerous excipients that not only have important functions in pharmaceutical preparations but can also initiate or participate in interactions with drug substances, which eventually lead to a decline in drug quality. With this in mind, research was undertaken to evaluate two of the most often applied pattern recognition methods, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), as supporting techniques in the identification of potential physicochemical interactions that may occur during the preformulation of solid dosage forms. The investigation performed with the use of baclofen and selected excipients has shown that with thermogravimetric analysis, HCA and PCA fulfill their role as supporting techniques in the interpretation of the data obtained. Based on these methods, it is possible to detect incompatibilities between baclofen and excipients, and the data obtained concur strongly with the results of differential scanning calorimetry and IR spectrometry analyses.
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Meijide, Jessica, Patrick S. M. Dunlop, Marta Pazos, and María Angeles Sanromán. "Heterogeneous Electro-Fenton as “Green” Technology for Pharmaceutical Removal: A Review." Catalysts 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11010085.
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The presence of pharmaceutical products in the water cycle may cause harmful effects such as morphological, metabolic and sex alterations in aquatic organisms and the selection/development of organisms resistant to antimicrobial agents. The compounds’ stability and persistent character hinder their elimination by conventional physico-chemical and biological treatments and thus, the development of new water purification technologies has drawn great attention from academic and industrial researchers. Recently, the electro-Fenton process has been demonstrated to be a viable alternative for the removal of these hazardous, recalcitrant compounds. This process occurs under the action of a suitable catalyst, with the majority of current scientific research focused on heterogeneous systems. A significant area of research centres working on the development of an appropriate catalyst able to overcome the operating limitations associated with the homogeneous process is concerned with the short service life and difficulty in the separation/recovery of the catalyst from polluted water. This review highlights a present trend in the use of different materials as electro-Fenton catalysts for pharmaceutical compound removal from aquatic environments. The main challenges facing these technologies revolve around the enhancement of performance, stability for long-term use, life-cycle analysis considerations and cost-effectiveness. Although treatment efficiency has improved significantly, ongoing research efforts need to deliver economic viability at a larger scale due to the high operating costs, primarily related to energy consumption.
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Meijide, Jessica, Patrick S. M. Dunlop, Marta Pazos, and María Angeles Sanromán. "Heterogeneous Electro-Fenton as “Green” Technology for Pharmaceutical Removal: A Review." Catalysts 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11010085.
Full textAbstract:
The presence of pharmaceutical products in the water cycle may cause harmful effects such as morphological, metabolic and sex alterations in aquatic organisms and the selection/development of organisms resistant to antimicrobial agents. The compounds’ stability and persistent character hinder their elimination by conventional physico-chemical and biological treatments and thus, the development of new water purification technologies has drawn great attention from academic and industrial researchers. Recently, the electro-Fenton process has been demonstrated to be a viable alternative for the removal of these hazardous, recalcitrant compounds. This process occurs under the action of a suitable catalyst, with the majority of current scientific research focused on heterogeneous systems. A significant area of research centres working on the development of an appropriate catalyst able to overcome the operating limitations associated with the homogeneous process is concerned with the short service life and difficulty in the separation/recovery of the catalyst from polluted water. This review highlights a present trend in the use of different materials as electro-Fenton catalysts for pharmaceutical compound removal from aquatic environments. The main challenges facing these technologies revolve around the enhancement of performance, stability for long-term use, life-cycle analysis considerations and cost-effectiveness. Although treatment efficiency has improved significantly, ongoing research efforts need to deliver economic viability at a larger scale due to the high operating costs, primarily related to energy consumption.
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Welch, Christopher J., Peter Sajonz, Mirlinda Biba, Joe Gouker, and Jacob Fairchild. "Comparison of Multiparallel Microfluidic HPLC Instruments for High Throughput Analyses in Support of Pharmaceutical Process Research." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 29, no. 15 (September 2006): 2185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826070600832889.
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Vlachou, Marilena, Natassa Pippa, Angeliki Siamidi, and Aimilia Kyrili. "Thermal analysis studies on the compatibility of furosemide with solid state and liquid crystalline excipients." Chemical Industry 74, no. 1 (2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind190910002v.
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In the context of the present study, the thermal behavior of furosemide and the solid state excipients, sodium alginate, poly(ethylene oxide), poly(vinylpyrrolidone), lactose mono-hydrate and magnesium stearate, using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), was probed. It was found that the thermal behavior of these solid-state pharmaceutical excipients and furosemide correlates nicely with the literature relevant data. Regarding the furosemide-excipients mixtures, the DSC scans appear as a compilation of the thermal curves of each excipient. This suggests that the formulations containing these mixtures, may retain their stability over time. This information, which arises from the cooperativity of materials, their thermal stability and behavioris very helpful for the research and development of safe and effective pharmaceutical formulations. DSC experiments were also carried out with chimeric bilayers (called ?liposomes?), composed of hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) and poly(n-butylacrylate)-b-poly(acrylic acid) block copolymer with 70 % content of poly(acrylic acid (PnBA-b-PAA 30/70) with the addition of furosemide at the molar ratio of 9:0.1:1.0 in the system HSPC:PnBA-b-PAA 30/70:furosemide. Chimeric liposomal systems were characterized as ?fluid-like? by their DSC curves, which may be potentially translated as an easy way for release of furosemide from the advanced delivery system.
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Kravchenko, T. V., O. I. Panasenko, and Ye G. Knysh. "Synthesis and physicochemical properties 4-((R))amino)-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 6 (August 14, 2018): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.6.16.02.
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Purposeful synthesis of derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole is one of the most important branches of modern pharmaceutical science
Modern pharmaceutical market of domestic medicines requires constant updates of existing range. It makes possible the synthesis of new compounds with a predicted biological activity.
The main advantage of derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole is high efficiency and low toxic. That is promising factor for creation of new chemical compounds.
Analysis of literary data of past few years has showed that there is not enough information about synthesis, physical, chemical and biological properties of derivatives of 4-amino-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol in the literature.
So synthesis and further research of derivatives of 4-amino-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol is topical.
The research took place at the Department of toxicological and inorganic Chemistry of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University (the head of the department – professor O. I. Panasenko).
During the work the research were the physicochemical properties of newly synthesized of compounds in accordance with the methods described in the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine.
As starting substance was used 4-amino-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol obtained by cyclization of of potassium 2-atsetilgidrazinkarboditioata in the medium hydrazine hydrate.
It is planned to research of the compounds obtained in the antimicrobial, act-protective, antioxidative and hypolipidemic activity.
9 new compounds of ylidene derivatives of 4-amino-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol were synthesized in a research. The structure of the new synthesized of substances was confirmed by with by means of modern of instrumental methods analysis (1H-PMR-spectroscopy, chromato-mass-spectrometry, elemental analysis). The obtained data is possible to use in purposeful synthesis for the further research of biologically active compounds.
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Wang, Hua, Jon Dieringer, Steve Guntz, Shankarraman Vaidyaraman, Shekhar Viswanath, Nikolaos H. Lappas, Sal Garcia-Munoz, and Chrysanthos E. Gounaris. "Portfolio-Wide Optimization of Pharmaceutical R&D Activities Using Mathematical Programming." INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics 51, no. 4 (July 2021): 262–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.2021.1074.
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The research and development (R&D) management in any major research pharmaceutical company is constantly faced with the need to make complicated activity scheduling and resource allocation decisions, as they carry out scientific work to develop new therapeutic products. This paper describes how we develop a decision support tool that allows practitioners to determine portfolio-wide optimal schedules in a systematic, quantitative, and largely automated fashion. Our tool is based on a novel mixed-integer linear optimization model that extends archetypal multimode resource-constrained project scheduling models in order to accommodate multiple rich features that are pertinent to the Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls (CMC) activities carried out within the pharmaceutical R&D setting. The tool addresses this problem at the operational level, determining schedules that are optimal in light of chosen business objectives under activity sequencing, resource availability, and deadline constraints. Applying the tool on current workload data demonstrates its tractability for practical adoption. We further illustrate how, by utilizing the tool under different input instances, one may conduct various tactical analyses to assess the system’s ability to cope with sudden changes or react to shifting management priorities.
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Dolman, Andrew, Xiaojing Yu, and Arkady I. Gusev. "Data driven CRO benchmarking for biomarker analysis." Bioanalysis 12, no. 16 (August 2020): 1117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2020-0164.
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Outsourcing is a common strategy across the pharmaceutical industry and clinical research. CROs offer many choices for selecting outsourcing partners for bioanalytical and biomarker support. We aimed this paper to provide critical insights into CRO benchmarking and selection using a bioanalytical challenge approach performing fit-for-purpose ligand-binding assay. Bioanalytical challenge (method validation and sample analysis) offer Pharma sponsors a great opportunity to stress test CRO technical and scientific competency, quality systems and operational capabilities. In addition, CROs demonstrated their real-life performance in communication, time management and cost – key contributors to a successful sponsor-CRO partnership. Benchmarking CROs based on objective assay data and real-life experiences will help sponsors to make better-informed decisions in vendor selection.
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Nuthan, Bettadapura Rameshgowda, Devaraju Rakshith, Kuppuru Mallikarjunaiah Marulasiddaswamy, H. C. Yashavantha Rao, Kolathur Puttamadaiah Ramesha, Nagabhushana Chandra Mohana, Shiva Siddappa, Doreraj Darshan, Kigga Kaadappa Sampath Kumara, and Sreedharamurthy Satish. "Application of Optimized and Validated Agar Overlay TLC–Bioautography Assay for Detecting the Antimicrobial Metabolites of Pharmaceutical Interest." Journal of Chromatographic Science 58, no. 8 (August 7, 2020): 737–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmaa045.
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Abstract The agar overlay TLC–bioautography is one of the crucial methods for simultaneous in situ detection and separation of antimicrobial metabolites of pharmaceutical interest. The main focus of this research relies on the dereplication of an antimicrobial metabolite coriloxin derived from mycoendophytic Xylaria sp. NBRTSB-20 with a validation of agar overlay TLC–bioautography technique. This polyketide metabolite coriloxin was purified by column chromatography, and its purity was assessed by HPLC, UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS, FT-IR and NMR spectral analysis. The antimicrobial capability of ethyl acetate extract and the purified compound coriloxin was determined by disc diffusion, minimal inhibitory concentration and agar overlay TLC–bioautography assay. The visible LOD of coriloxin antimicrobial activity was found at 10 μg for Escherichia coli and 20 μg for both Staphylococcus aureus and Fusarium oxysporum. Inter- and intra-day precision was determined as the relative standard deviation is less than 6.56%, which proved that this method was precise. The accuracy was expressed as recovery, and the values were found ranging from 91.18 to 108.73% with RSD values 0.94–2.30%, respectively. The overall findings of this investigation suggest that agar overlay TLC–bioautography assay is a suitable and acceptable method for the in situ determination of antimicrobial pharmaceuticals.
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Bogomolov, Andrey. "Developing Multisensory Approach to the Optical Spectral Analysis." Sensors 21, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 3541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103541.
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This article presents an overview of research aimed at developing a scientific approach to creating multisensor optical systems for chemical analysis. The review is mainly based on the author’s works accomplished over the recent 10 years at Samara State Technical University with broad international cooperation. It consists of an introduction and five sections that describe state of the art in the field of optical sensing, suggested development methodology of optical multisensor systems, related aspects of experimental design and process analytical technology followed by a collection of practical examples in different application fields: food and pharmaceutical production, medical diagnostics, and ecological monitoring. The conclusion summarizes trends and prospects of the multisensory approach to optical spectral analysis.
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Behl, Tapan, Ishnoor Kaur, Aayush Sehgal, Sukhbir Singh, Saurabh Bhatia, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Gokhan Zengin, et al. "Bioinformatics Accelerates the Major Tetrad: A Real Boost for the Pharmaceutical Industry." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 6184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126184.
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With advanced technology and its development, bioinformatics is one of the avant-garde fields that has managed to make amazing progress in the pharmaceutical–medical field by modeling the infrastructural dimensions of healthcare and integrating computing tools in drug innovation, facilitating prevention, detection/more accurate diagnosis, and treatment of disorders, while saving time and money. By association, bioinformatics and pharmacovigilance promoted both sample analyzes and interpretation of drug side effects, also focusing on drug discovery and development (DDD), in which systems biology, a personalized approach, and drug repositioning were considered together with translational medicine. The role of bioinformatics has been highlighted in DDD, proteomics, genetics, modeling, miRNA discovery and assessment, and clinical genome sequencing. The authors have collated significant data from the most known online databases and publishers, also narrowing the diversified applications, in order to target four major areas (tetrad): DDD, anti-microbial research, genomic sequencing, and miRNA research and its significance in the management of current pandemic context. Our analysis aims to provide optimal data in the field by stratification of the information related to the published data in key sectors and to capture the attention of researchers interested in bioinformatics, a field that has succeeded in advancing the healthcare paradigm by introducing developing techniques and multiple database platforms, addressed in the manuscript.
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Mohamed, Heba M., and Nesrine T. Lamie. "Analytical Eco-Scale for Assessing the Greenness of a Developed RP-HPLC Method Used for Simultaneous Analysis of Combined Antihypertensive Medications." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 99, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 1260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.16-0124.
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Abstract In the past few decades the analytical community has been focused on eliminating or reducing the usage of hazardous chemicals and solvents, in different analytical methodologies, that have been ascertained to be extremely dangerous to human health and environment. In this context, environmentally friendly, green, or clean practices have been implemented in different research areas. This study presents a greener alternative of conventional RP-HPLC methods for the simultaneous determination and quantitative analysis of a pharmaceutical ternary mixture composed of telmisartan, hydrochlorothiazide, and amlodipine besylate, using an ecofriendly mobile phase and short run time with the least amount of waste production. This solvent-replacement approach was feasible without compromising method performance criteria, such as separation efficiency, peak symmetry, and chromatographic retention. The greenness profile of the proposed method was assessed and compared with reported conventional methods using the analytical Eco-Scale as an assessment tool. The proposed method was found to be greener in terms of usage of hazardous chemicals and solvents, energy consumption, and production of waste. The proposed method can be safely used for the routine analysis of the studied pharmaceutical ternary mixture with a minimal detrimental impact on human health and the environment.
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Loncar, Irma, and Janko Cvijanovic. "Analysis of the importance of drug packaging quality for end users and pharmaceutical industry as a part of the quality management system." Chemical Industry 67, no. 6 (2013): 951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind121221013l.
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In this study, we collected and analyzed information on the importance of drug packaging quality to end users and pharmaceutical industry, as an indicator of the process of traceability and originality of drugs. Two surveys were conducted: one among the end users of drugs (252 patients) and the other among professionals working in seven pharmaceutical companies in Serbia. For most end users (82.5%) quality on the packaging of drugs was important, but only 41.8% of them thought that the appearance of the packaging could be an indicator of genuinity of drugs. The existence of the control marks (KM) on drug packaging was not of great importance, since most of them (86.9%) know, its function, but majority (60.2%) would nevertheless decide to buy the drug without KM. Regarding the experts from the pharmaceutical industry, more then two-thirds of them (68.4%) believed that the existence of KM did not contribute to efficient operations. Although a great number of pharmaceutical industry professionals (84.2%) answered that the introduction of GS1 DataMatrix system would allow for complete traceability of the drug from the manufacturer to the end user, only 22.2% of them introduced this system to their products. This study also showed that domestic producers did not have a great interest for additional protection (special inks, holograms, special graphics, smart multicolor design, watermark, chemically labeled paper and cardboard etc..) on their products, given that only 15.8 % of them had some kind of additional protection against counterfeiting. Monitoring drug traceability from a manufacturer to end user is achieved by many complex activities regulated by law. A high percentage of responders said they were satisfied with the functionality of traceability systems used in their companies. As a way to increase the quality of drug packaging and business performance most responders saw in the continuous improvement of the system of traceability within the company's overall quality management system. For them, a big financial investment in the complete traceability chain was not feasible because of the inability to achieve competitive prices in the market. Since only three of surveyed companies were part of international chains, these findings open the path for new research that would include more multinational drug manufacturers from the region, in order to fully comprehend the importance of investing in the drug chain traceability and protection against counterfeiting, as a part of total quality management process in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Ferreyra, Carola F., and Cristina S. Ortiz. "Simultaneous Determination of Bifonazole and Tinctures of Calendula Flower in Pharmaceutical Creams by Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 88, no. 6 (September 1, 2005): 1649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/88.6.1649.
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Abstract The aim of this research was to develop and validate a sensitive, rapid, easy, and precise reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) method for stability studies of bifonazole (I) formulated with tinctures of calendula flower (II). The method was especially developed for the analysis and quantitative determination of I and II in pure and combined forms in cream pharmaceutical formulations without using gradient elution and at room temperature. The influence on the stability of compound I of temperature, artificial radiation, and drug II used for the new pharmaceutical design was evaluated. The LC separation was carried out using a Supelcosil LC-18 column (25 cm × 4.6 mm id, 5 μm particle size); the mobile phase was composed of methanol–0.1 M ammonium acetate buffer (85 + 15, v/v) pumped isocratically at a flow rate of 1 mL/min; and ultraviolet detection was at 254 nm. The analysis time was less than 10 min. Calibration graphs were found to be linear in the 0.125–0.375 mg/mL (rI = 0.9991) and 0.639–1.916 mg/mL (rII = 0.9995) ranges for I and II, respectively. The linearity, precision, recovery, and limits of detection and quantification were satisfactory for I and II. The results obtained suggested that the developed LC method is selective and specific for the analysis of I and II in pharmaceutical products, and that it can be applied to stability studies.
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Valdez, Carlos A., and Roald N. Leif. "Analysis of Organophosphorus-Based Nerve Agent Degradation Products by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS): Current Derivatization Reactions in the Analytical Chemist’s Toolbox." Molecules 26, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 4631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154631.
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The field of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the analysis of chemical warfare agents (CWAs), specifically those involving the organophosphorus-based nerve agents (OPNAs), is a continually evolving and dynamic area of research. The ever-present interest in this field within analytical chemistry is driven by the constant threat posed by these lethal CWAs, highlighted by their use during the Tokyo subway attack in 1995, their deliberate use on civilians in Syria in 2013, and their use in the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal in Great Britain in 2018 and Alexei Navalny in 2020. These events coupled with their potential for mass destruction only serve to stress the importance of developing methods for their rapid and unambiguous detection. Although the direct detection of OPNAs is possible by GC-MS, in most instances, the analytical chemist must rely on the detection of the products arising from their degradation. To this end, derivatization reactions mainly in the form of silylations and alkylations employing a vast array of reagents have played a pivotal role in the efficient detection of these products that can be used retrospectively to identify the original OPNA.
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Apetroaei, Manuela R., Ileana Rau, Carla Cezarina Paduretu, Gabriela Lilios, and Verginica Schroder. "Pharmaceutical Applications of Chitosan Extracted from Local Marine Sources." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 7 (August 15, 2019): 2618–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.7.7391.
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Identification of chitosan from new local marine sources could be a great challenge for research in terms of using this biopolymer in various pharmaceutical, environmental or food applications. In the present study, two chitosan powder samples extracted from processed shrimps waste and Rapana venosa eggs capsules were compared with a food supplement sample based on chitosan, from the point of view of spectral analyses (FTIR spectroscopy), of their solubility in dilute acetic acid solutions (1 %), insoluble substances content, and fats binding capacity. In order to determine the fat binding capacity of the tested chitosan samples, different types of cold pressed vegetables oils (olive oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, argan oil and coconut oil) and animal fats (butter and pork lard) were used. The present study highlighted that the chitosan samples, chemically extracted with low financial efforts by waste recovery of crustaceans and mollusks from Romanian Black Sea coast, could be an important source with high potential. The obtained results showed a good fat binding capacity, especially for chitosan samples extracted from shrimps waste compared to the chitosan sample chosen as reference. These compounds may be successfully used in pharmaceutical applications, in various formulations as dietary supplement, or as useful therapeutic component in the hypocholesterolemia treatment or in prevention of cardiovascular risk, due to their good solubility in dilute acidic solutions and lower values of insoluble content.
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Marculescu, Afrodita Doina, Cristian-Catalin Gavat, Aurel Nechita, Gabi Topor, Leonard Vasile Vasilescu, Mihaela Debita, Elena Roxana Axente, Carmen Lucia Trinca, and Lucretia Anghel. "Investigation of linearity, detection limit (LD) and quantitation limit(LQ) of active substance from pharmaceutical tablets." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 1 (February 15, 2019): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.1.6895.
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The aim of this research was to exactly quantify pure sodium metamizole from tablets , using a spectrophotometric analysis in Visible range. The method applied has been subjected to a validation protocal which consisted in analyzing the following parameters: linearity of the method, detection limit (LD) , quantitation limit (LQ). Following actual dosing, pure sodium metamizole amount in tablet of pharmaceutical was found to be 477.477 mg assigned to a percentage content of 95.495 %, very close to official declared amount (500 mg), with an maximum average percentage deviation of only 4.505 % from the official declared active substance content. This value was situated below the maximum admissible percentage deviation from stated active substance content (� 5%), established by Romanian Pharmacopoeia, X-th Edition rules.
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Houdkova, Marketa, and Ladislav Kokoska. "Volatile Antimicrobial Agents and In Vitro Methods for Evaluating Their Activity in the Vapour Phase: A Review." Planta Medica 86, no. 12 (May 25, 2020): 822–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1158-4529.
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AbstractThis review summarizes data on the in vitro antimicrobial effectiveness of volatile agents of plant origin and in vitro methods for evaluating their activity in the vapour phase. As a result of literature analysis, the antimicrobial efficacy of vapours from 122 different plant species and 19 pure compounds examined in 61 studies using different in vitro tests against a broad spectrum of microorganisms was identified and summarized. In addition, 11 different techniques found in the literature are described in detail. An original classification of methods based on the solid and liquid matrix volatilization principle is proposed because carrier medium/matrix selection is crucial for the volatilization of any agents tested. This review should be useful for medicinal, pharmaceutical, food, and agricultural experts working in areas related to the management of infectious diseases (especially respiratory and skin infections), food preservation (active packaging), and protection of agriculture products (controlled atmosphere). It may also stimulate the interest of pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and agriculture industries in the research and development of new antimicrobial agents of natural origin. Since several original apparatuses previously developed for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in the vapour phase are described in this review, labware manufacturers may also be interested in this topic. The review also provides specific guidelines and recommendations for researchers studying the antimicrobial activity of volatile agents. The article will therefore appeal to communities of industrial stakeholders, pharmacists, physicians, food experts, agriculturists, and researchers in related areas such as pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, microbiology, natural product chemistry, food preservation and plant protection.
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Ziouti, N., I. E. Triantaphyllidou, M. Assouti, N. Papageorgakopoulou, D. Kyriakopoulou, S. Th Anagnostides, and D. H. Vynios. "Solid phase assays in glycoconjugate research: applications to the analysis of proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans and metalloproteinases." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 34, no. 4 (March 2004): 771–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00565-x.
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