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Journal articles on the topic 'Pharmaceutical industry Pharmaceutical biotechnology industry'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Evens, Ronald P. "The Biotechnology Industry." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 11, no. 1 (February 1998): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009801100104.

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Growth and change are the hallmarks of the developing biotechnology industry. Since the first approval of a biological product in 1982, over 40 biologicals, many of them medical breakthroughs, have been brought to market. The majority of biotechnology companies focus on developing human therapeutic agents, but about 25 percent of biotechnology companies focus on the diagnostic area, using monoclonal antibody technology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, and genetics to provide advances in diagnosis and disease monitoring. Structurally, few biotechnology firms are fully integrated companies with full capabilities in research, development, manufacturing, and sales and marketing. Many pursue strategic alliances with other companies to enhance their capabilities in research, development, and sales and marketing. Research alliances between companies and universities are also frequently used to enhance research capabilities. As the industry has matured, consolidation has occurred, with major pharmaceutical companies purchasing biotechnology companies and biotechnology companies merging to expand their capabilities. Research investment, as a percentage of gross sales, continues to be very high for biotechnology companies compared with traditional pharmaceutical companies. The cost of drug development is high, but the probability of approval appears to be somewhat better in the biotechnology field compared with traditional pharmaceuticals. Today, the biotechnology product pipeline is rich, with between 400 to 700 products in various stages of clinical development. Technology developments beyond recombinant DNA technology and monoclonal antibodies, such as antisense, genomics, and combinatorial chemistry, will lead to additional therapeutic and diagnostic breakthroughs.

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2

Rubin, Suzie. "Biotechnology and the Pharmaceutical Industry." Cancer Investigation 11, no. 4 (January 1993): 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07357909309018876.

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3

Dibner, Mark D. "The pharmaceutical industry: impacts of biotechnology." Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 6 (January 1985): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-6147(85)90158-0.

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4

Gottinger, Hans-Werner, and Celia L. Umali. "The evolution of the pharmaceutical-biotechnology industry." Business History 50, no. 5 (August 5, 2008): 583–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076790802246020.

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5

de la Cueva-Méndez, Guillermo, and Dror Seliktar. "Editorial overview: Pharmaceutical biotechnology: Expanding horizons for pharmaceutical biotechnology in industry and academia." Current Opinion in Biotechnology 35 (December 2015): iv—vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2015.09.002.

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6

Mei, Yan Lan, and Ping Gui. "Study on Bio-Pharmaceutical Industry Development Route and Strategy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (August 2013): 1350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.1350.

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Since recent twenty years, the rapid development of biotechnology has boosted the rapid development of bio-pharmaceutical industry,and bio-pharmaceutical has already stepped into our daily life.Starting from the summary of bio-pharmaceutical industry,the paper makes a SWOT analysis on bio-pharmaceutical industry,making the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats of bio-pharmaceutical industry clear;and focusing on a deep study on the development routes and all stages strategies of bio-pharmaceutical industry in our country.

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7

Piachaud, Bianca S., and Matthew G. Lynas. "The biotechnology revolution: implications for the pharmaceutical industry." International Journal of Biotechnology 3, no. 3/4 (2001): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbt.2001.000170.

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8

Dibner, M. D., and P. B. Timmermans. "Biotechnology and the pharmaceutical industry. New cardiovascular drugs." Hypertension 8, no. 11 (November 1986): 965–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.8.11.965.

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9

Löffler, A. "Trends in biotechnology: Implications for the pharmaceutical industry." Journal of Medical Marketing 2, no. 4 (September 1, 2002): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jmm.5040092.

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10

Bingham, Alph, and Sean Ekins. "Competitive collaboration in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry." Drug Discovery Today 14, no. 23-24 (December 2009): 1079–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2009.10.003.

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11

Poste, George. "The Pharmaceutical Industry and Health Care." Bio/Technology 3, no. 8 (August 1985): 704–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0885-704.

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12

Reily, Michael D., and Adrienne A. Tymiak. "Metabolomics in the pharmaceutical industry." Drug Discovery Today: Technologies 13 (June 2015): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ddtec.2015.03.001.

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13

Tarabusi, Claudio Casadio, and Graham Vickery. "Globalization in the Pharmaceutical Industry, Part II." International Journal of Health Services 28, no. 2 (April 1998): 281–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/b6vr-nnd7-46bl-py5g.

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This is the second of a two-part report on the pharmaceutical industry. Part II begins with a discussion of foreign direct investment and inter-firm networks, which covers international mergers, acquisitions, and minority participation; market shares of foreign-controlled firms; international collaboration agreements (with a special note on agreements in biotechnology); and licensing agreements. The final section of the report covers governmental policies on health and safety regulation, price regulation, industry and technology, trade, foreign investment, protection of intellectual property, and competition.

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14

Anderson, M. J. "Collaborative Integration in the Canadian Pharmaceutical Industry." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 25, no. 12 (December 1993): 1815–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a251815.

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Over the course of the 1980s, companies attempted to develop new organisational strategies to balance competition with collaboration. Although a variety of theoretical frameworks acknowledged this development there have been very few empirical studies in which the nature and extent of this collaborative integration and the implications for industries in the 1990s have been examined. In this paper, the Canadian pharmaceutical industry is used as the empirical context for an examination of collaboration. The author focuses on the relationship between small and large firms, biotechnology-based companies, and university research and argues that these collaborative linkages need to be more firmly developed in our theoretical discussions if we are to make sense of the corporate world in the 1990s.

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15

Elander, Richard P. "Biotechnology: Present and Future Roles in the Pharmaceutical Industry." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 11, no. 5 (January 1985): 965–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639048509055593.

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16

Česiulytė, Vitalija, Eligijus Toločka, and Rolandas Strazdas. "PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 2, no. 4 (August 31, 2010): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2010.072.

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The development of pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries indicates that people around the world use different types of drugs for disease treatment and prevention. In the case of high demand for medicines, great attention to pharmacy industry is paid. Since the drugs are directly linked to human health and life, the state pays special attention to the safety of medicines and the quality of eligibility. Therefore, the companies wishing to become a part of this area are to obtain and then keep the license. The protection of intellectual property allows companies to use substantial investment in new drugs and treatment methods and to conduct research in the future. This is a particular concern for originator companies. Undefended patents also inhibit the creativity of local people as local innovators know that their products can be immediately copied, thus discouraging investment in new investigation.

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17

Schmidt, F. R. "Recombinant expression systems in the pharmaceutical industry." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 65, no. 4 (July 24, 2004): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-004-1656-9.

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18

Piascik, Peggy, and Thomas S. Foster. "The Biotechnology Industry: Consolidating for Survival." Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (1996) 36, no. 4 (April 1996): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1086-5802(16)30057-2.

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19

Schmid, Esther F., and Dennis A. Smith. "Managing innovation in the pharmaceutical industry." Journal of Commercial Biotechnology 12, no. 1 (October 1, 2005): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jcb.3040148.

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20

Itoh, Toshio. "Biotech Trends in the Japanese Pharmaceutical Industry." Nature Biotechnology 5, no. 8 (August 1987): 794–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0887-794.

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21

Ivanov, Kalin, Assena Stoimenova, Danka Obreshkova, and Luciano Saso. "Biotechnology in the Production of Pharmaceutical Industry Ingredients: Amino Acids." Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 27, no. 2 (January 2013): 3620–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5504/bbeq.2012.0134.

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22

Wonglimpiyarat, Jarunee. "Biotech revolution: the impact of biotechnology on the pharmaceutical industry." International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management 8, no. 2 (2008): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtpm.2008.017219.

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23

Norwood, Paula. "Clinical Trials in Biotechnology: A Perspective from the Pharmaceutical Industry." Drug Information Journal 30, no. 2 (April 1996): 559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009286159603000232.

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24

Petrova, T. A., K. O. Sidorov, Yu G. Il’yinova, and I. A. Narkevich. "Venture financing in the segment of pharmaceutical biotechnology in the Russian Federation." Medical Almanac, no. 2 (June 16, 2019): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21145/2499-9954-2019-2-35-39.

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One of the main directions of the pharmaceutical industry is the transition to the stage of commercialization of the results of intellectual activity and to the large-scale creation of global markets for new products and services. In recent years, the number of research conducted in the pharmaceutical industry has increased, and the most acute question is the active introduction of research results into mass production. The article provides an overview of the current state of venture financing in the biotechnology industry of the Russian Federation, as the most effective mechanism for financing promising applied research and, in particular, in the pharmaceutical biotechnology segment. The authors reviewed the main program documents affecting the development of biotechnology in Russia. The main venture funds that invest in pharmaceutical biotech companies are identified. The assortment portfolio of invested companies developed for the treatment of certain diseases was considered, and the main direction for the study was determined. The analysis of the funds that carry out the grant support of applied biotechnological research has been carried out. It allows to overcome the «sowing» stage of development of an innovative company and get initial research results. The main reasons for the slow development of venture capital investments in the biotech industry are identified and ways to overcome them are proposed.

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25

Galambos, Louis, and Jeffrey L. Sturchio. "Pharmaceutical Firms and the Transition to Biotechnology: A Study in Strategic Innovation." Business History Review 72, no. 2 (1998): 250–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116278.

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During the twentieth century, the pharmaceutical industry experienced a series of dramatic changes as developments in science and technology generated new opportunities for innovation. Each of these transitions forced existing firms to develop new capabilities. The authors examine the most recent such transition, the shift to molecular genetics and recombinant DNA technology (1970 to the present), and explain how and why this transformation differed from the previous ones in pharmaceuticals. Small biotech startups played an important role in this transition, and the large pharmaceutical firms that began to enter the field had to develop new strategies for innovation. Two major strategies were adopted by the early movers, all of which created various kinds of alliances with the small biotech businesses. By the mid-1990s, the leading pharmaceutical manufacturers had established significant capabilities in the new field, but they were continuing to work with specialized biotechs in order to innovate across a broad range of therapeutic categories.

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26

Evans, Anne G., and Nikhil P. Varaiya. "Anne Evans: Assessment of a Biotechnology Market Opportunity." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 28, no. 1 (January 2003): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.00033.

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This case describes Anne Evans’ search for a market opportunity in the biotechnology industry, and examines the feasibility of establishing a new venture to exploit this opportunity. The drug development process in the biopharmaceutical industry spans three critical phases: pharmaceutical discovery, pharmaceutical development, and product marketing. The drug development process is a very capital–intensive process with expenditures averaging $800 million per drug and with very high failure rates—only one out of 5,000 compounds that emerge from discovery and preclinical testing will make it into the market. The drug development process therefore contributes to very high cash burn rates and corporate failures in the biotechnology industry.

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27

Wang, Su, and Yuwen Chen. "How Technological Innovation Affect China’s Pharmaceutical Smart Manufacturing Industrial Upgrading." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (November 26, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3342153.

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In recent years, a new generation of information technology has provided sufficient technical support for the smart manufacturing industry. In order to promote the upgrading of China’s pharmaceutical smart manufacturing industry, the direction of industrial upgrading and transformation will be discussed from the perspective of technological innovation. According to the input and output data of technological innovation in China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry from 2007 to 2019, the DEA method is used to analyze the allocation of innovative resources in China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in recent years. The study found that the efficiency of technological innovation in China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry fluctuated greatly from 2007 to 2019, with a low overall level and varying degrees of wasted resources. On this basis, an in-depth analysis of the system architecture of the pharmaceutical smart manufacturing industry under the Industry 4.0 environment was performed. Finally, four paths for the digital transformation of China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry are proposed. Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturing companies need to use new technologies to carry out comprehensive intelligent upgrading and digital transformation to improve innovation efficiency.

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28

Gunaseelan, R., and T. Viswanathan. "Identification and Molecular Characterization of Microbial Isolates from Purified Water Used in Pharmaceutical Industry." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 1815–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.13.3.58.

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29

Quéré, Michel. "KNOWLEDGE DYNAMICS: BIOTECHNOLOGY’S INCURSION INTO THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY." Industry and Innovation 10, no. 3 (September 2003): 255–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1366271032000141643.

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30

Larson, Karen A., and Michael L. King. "Evaluation of Supercritical Fluid Extraction in the Pharmaceutical Industry." Biotechnology Progress 2, no. 2 (June 1986): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/btpr.5420020206.

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31

Kaloudas, Dimitrios, and Robert Penchovsky. "Plant-Derived Compounds and Their Potential Role in Drug Development." International Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Engineering 7, no. 1 (January 2018): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbce.2018010104.

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This article describes how with the development of biotechnology, plants have gained again a prominent place as a relatively inexpensive source for the creation of recombinant pharmaceuticals. Plant-derived compounds have started playing a major role in the pharmaceutical industry with many plant-based products to have found their way in drugs and chemicals used for the treatment of different diseases and their symptoms. Plant-derived compounds have been tested for the treatment of several types of cancer, Central Nervous System disorders, as enhancers during chemotherapy and as vessels for targeted drug delivery. Genetically modified plant cells have been recruited for the production of therapeutic agencies as well as in the creation of expression systems for virus-like particles that could be used as vaccines. Moreover, microRNAs mimicking the plant ones have the ability to inhibit tumors in mammalian cells. This review describes plant-derived compounds and their properties as potential therapeutic agents and precursors for the development of novel drugs in the pharmaceutical industry.

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32

NIGRO, GIOVANNA LO, AZZURRA MORREALE, SERENA ROBBA, and PAOLO ROMA. "BIOPHARMACEUTICAL ALLIANCES AND COMPETITION: A REAL OPTIONS GAMES APPROACH." International Journal of Innovation Management 17, no. 06 (December 2013): 1340023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919613400239.

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The competitive landscape where pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies operate has changed radically due to a scientific/technological progress that has revolutionised the process by which drugs are developed. In fact, pharmaceutical industry more and more relies on advances in biochemistry and molecular biology. As a consequence, the number of partnerships between pharmaceutical and biotech firms has grown significantly. Research contributions addressing the biopharmaceutical alliances design have also focused on the optimal timing to sign a partnership. In this paper, we introduce and analyse the effect of competition in biotechnology industry by modelling the decisions of whether and when ally with a pharmaceutical company through a real options game. We find that the timing decisions depend on the level of the competition, synergies obtained through the alliance and contract terms offered by the pharmaceutical company as well. Also, we show that the first mover might not always pre-empt the follower in partnering with the pharmaceutical company.

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33

de Castro, Luiz A. B. "Partnering Brazilian biotech with the global pharmaceutical industry." Nature Biotechnology 29, no. 3 (March 2011): 210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.1801.

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34

Schneemann, Anette. "A cryoEM and microED pipeline for the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 76, a1 (August 2, 2020): a149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767320098517.

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35

Visalakshi, S., and Alka Prasad. "Shift in interests towards biotechnology in Indian pharmaceutical industry: an analysis." Research Evaluation 10, no. 3 (December 1, 2001): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3152/147154401781777006.

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36

Hobden, A. N., and T. J. R. Harris. "The impact of biotechnology and molecular biology on the pharmaceutical industry." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 99, no. 1-2 (1992): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000013038.

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Synopsis:Biotechnology had its initial impact on the pharmaceutical industry well before the perceived time. The use of fermentation technology to produce antibiotics was a cornerstone for the development of the industry. This event was both before cloning (BC) and before DNA (rather than after DNA – AD). Even now the antibiotic market, which is worth over 10 billion U.S. dollars a year, is the most valuable segment of the total market, (c.200 billion dollars per year). Nevertheless the impact of biotechnology in drug discovery was until recently perceived solely to be the use of recombinant DNA techniques to produce therapeutic proteins and modified versions of them by protein engineering.There are several other places where genetic engineering is influencing drug discovery. The expression of recombinant proteins in surrogate systems (e.g. in E. coli, yeast or via baculovirus infection or in mammalian cells) provides materials for structure determination (e.g. HIV protease) and structure/function studies (e.g. various receptors). Recombinant DNA techniques are influencing assay technology by allowing access to proteins in sufficient quantity for high throughput screening.In addition, screening organisms can be constructed where a particular protein function can be measured in a microorganism by complementation or via reporter gene expression.Transgenic animals also illustrate the power of the technology for drug discovery. Not only will transgenic rats and mice be used as models of disease but also for efficacy and toxicological profiling. What is learned in transgenic rodents may well set the scene for somatic cell gene therapy in humans.

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37

Wang, Kai, Jin Hong, Dora Marinova, and Liang Zhu. "Evolution and governance of the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry of China." Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 79, no. 9 (May 2009): 2947–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2008.09.001.

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38

Dicken, C. Michael, and Larry A. Sternson. "Analytical challenges to the pharmaceutical industry in developing products of biotechnology." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 7, no. 9 (January 1989): 1071–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0731-7085(89)80045-7.

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39

Yerkhova, A. V., and M. G. Katynska. "Potential use of endophytes in the pharmaceutical industry." Medicine of Ukraine, no. 2-3(258-259) (June 17, 2022): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37987/1997-9894.2022.2-3(258-259).264060.

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Endophytes are microorganisms, usually fungi or bacteria less commonly algae and viruses, that live in plant tissues without causing disease symptoms in their host. It is estimated that there are over one million endophytic fungal species, but because of their habitat, they have been discovered relatively recently and therefore poorly studied. (Gupta, Chaturvedi, Kulkarni, & Van Staden, 2019) It is estimated that less than 1 % of all endophytic species are currently known. When observing the mutual relationships of plants with endophytes, most researchers take the view that such associations are commensal (Ayswaria, Vasu, & Krishna, 2020). Nowadays, endophytic microorganisms are considered to be a potential source of compounds - secondary metabolites. Endophyte bioactive compounds can be used in the pharmaceutical industry. Endophytes are mainly used in the production of antibiotics, antioxidants, various enzymes, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiparasitics and antifungal drugs, immunosuppressors, and also as anticancer agents. The interest in biotechnology is great, as the application of secondary metabolites of endophytes is possible in the cosmetic industry, agricultural complex, textile production, and food industry besides pharmaceuticals. The relevance of this topic and its further research on the use of already available and the discovery of new bioactive components of endophytic microorganisms can help scientists in resolving the problems of resistance of some pathogenic strains to modern approaches in antibiotic therapy. The potential uses are great, as endophytes can be extracted from numerous plants worldwide. The properties and characteristics of extracted endophytes will vary due to their geographical location and environmental conditions. Besides the wide variety of endophytic microorganisms for production, an important factor is the ability to use the same fungus, bacterium, or algae to synthesize a significant number of different active compounds. These compounds are interesting because they can manifest their action in several directions. In this article we considered several options for classifying endophytic microorganisms, listed the possible applications in the pharmaceutical industry, also considered the most used bioactive compounds from the Streptomyces genus actinobacteria, in addition, we reviewed substances with anti-tumor activity, which are now used to treat cancer of various human organs and are available as drugs for preparing injection solutions, metabolites of endophytes equally found their application. The aim of this work was to describe the modern classification of endophytes and show their potential use in antibiotic drugs as active agents in cancer treatment and their use as sedative drugs.

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40

Gordeev, A. I. "The Pharmaceutical Industry in Russia: Reality and Prospects." Acta Naturae 1, no. 3 (December 15, 2009): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2009-1-3-6-9.

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Gordeev, A. I. "The Pharmaceutical Industry in Russia: Reality and Prospects." Acta Naturae 1, no. 3 (December 15, 2009): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/actanaturae.10742.

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Barzkar, Noora, Muhammad Sohail, Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi, Reza Nahavandi, and Mojgan Khodadadi. "Marine microbial L-glutaminase: from pharmaceutical to food industry." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 105, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 4453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11356-1.

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43

Tabassum Samanta, Mahonaz, and Sadia Noor. "PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 01 (January 31, 2021): 709–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12349.

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Biotechnology is a broad area of biology, involving the use of living systems and organisms to develop products. Depending on the tools and applications, it often overlaps with related scientific fields. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, biotechnology has expanded to include new and diverse sciences, such as genomics, recombinant gene techniques, applied immunology, and development of pharmaceutical therapies and diagnostic tests. Biotechnology has also led to the development of antibiotics. Biotechnology has applications in four major industrial areas, including health care (medical), crop production and agriculture, non-food (industrial) uses of crops and other products and environmental uses. In medicine, modern biotechnology has many applications in areas such as pharmaceutical drug discoveries and production, pharmacogenomics, and genetic testing. Pharmaceutical biotechnology is a relatively new and growing field in which the principles of biotechnology are applied to the development of drugs. A majority of therapeutic drugs in the current market are bio formulations, such as antibodies, nucleic acid products and vaccines. Such bio formulations are developed through several stages that include: understanding the principles underlying health and disease the fundamental molecular mechanisms governing the function of related biomolecules synthesis and purification of the molecules determining the product shelf life, stability, toxicity and immunogenicity drug delivery systems patenting and clinical trials. This review article describes the purpose of biotechnology in pharmaceutical industry, particularly pharmaceutical biotechnology along with its prospects and challenges.

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44

Mann, Greg, and Frédéric V. Stanger. "A Bio-logical Approach to Catalysis in the Pharmaceutical Industry." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 74, no. 5 (May 27, 2020): 407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2020.407.

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Enzymes have the potential to catalyse complex chemical reactions with unprecedented selectivity, under mild conditions in aqueous media. Accordingly, there is serious interest from the pharmaceutical industry to utilize enzymes as biocatalysts to produce medicines in an environmentally sustainable and economic manner. Prominent advances in the field of biotechnology have transformed this potential into a reality. Using modern protein engineering techniques, in a matter of months it is possible to evolve an enzyme, which fits the demands of a chemical process, or even to catalyse entirely novel chemistry. Consequently, biocatalysis is routinely applied throughout the pharmaceutical industry for a variety of applications, ranging from the manufacture of large volumes of high value blockbuster drugs to expanding the chemical space available for drug discovery.

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45

S, Adhithya, Ramachandran Ramkumar, Shyam Arjunan, Siva Vignesh M, and Abirami K. "A Review on Application and Future prospects of Algae in Pharmaceutical and Food industry." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 1469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47221.

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Abstract: Algae are photosynthesis-producing organisms that can be found in freshwater, wastewater, and aquatic environments. In order to get around a number of high-tech barriers in the algae biomass sector, it is necessary to improve the various activities and research. Algae have the potential to supply novel chemicals and bioactive compounds for the biotechnology industry. The abundance of algal diversity must be utilized for various applications. Algal biomass is a source of energy (biofuels), fertilizer, pollution control, stabilization, nutrition, high-value molecules, and various bioactive metabolites that can be investigated for new drugs in terms of their applicability in local and global markets. Microalgae have been widely used for the production of biomass and biofuel. As a result, large-scale experimental setups have been built to produce a lot of biomass and biofuel. Food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries all benefit greatly from microalgae. They also produce numerous biomolecules with added value, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, beta-1,3-glucan, astaxanthin, lutein, phycobiliprotein beta-carotene, and chlorophyll, in addition to the previously mentioned application. The pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and feed, and nutraceutical industries all use these biomolecules extensively commercially. Furthermore, this review focuses specifically on the broad application potential algae based nonenergy applications, such as pharmaceuticals, food ingredients, pigments and cosmetics by marine algae.

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46

Evstatieva, Ljuba, and Bozhidar Tchorbanov. "Complex Investigations ofTribulus TerrestrisL. for Sustainable use by Pharmaceutical Industry." Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 25, no. 2 (January 2011): 2341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5504/bbeq.2011.0035.

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47

Schoukroun-Barnes, Lauren R., Pamela Duchars, Matthew Bartolowits, and Kristi Sarno. "What does return on investment (ROI) mean to the pharmaceutical/biotechnology industry?" Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 20, no. 1 (December 27, 2018): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1463922x.2018.1485986.

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48

Sikora, Miroslaw. "Foreign Intelligence and Pharmaceutical Industry in Poland. Part 2." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 66, no. 1 (2021): 260–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2021.116.

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Abstract:

In the 1960s, Polish society was still not affected by lifestyle diseases to such a large extent as in the developed countries of Western Europe. However, the statistics on cancer and cardiovascular diseases started to rise in the 1970s, along with the dynamic economic development of Poland under communist party’s secretary Edward Gierek. Meanwhile, the government of the People’s Republic of Poland could not afford to invest simultaneously in all critical sectors of the economy. Particular priority was given to capital-intensive automotive and electronics industries as well as to traditional but important for Polish exports of raw materials (copper, coal). In the 1980s, as a result of the Cold War escalation along with the subsequent tightening of the strategic embargo by NATO states, and — finally — because of the gigantic foreign debt, the financial resources of Poland were reduced almost to zero. The lack of funds for research and development in the field of pharmacy and biotechnology was to be compensated for by an illegal transfer of know-how from the OECD area. Polish foreign intelligence services had already considerable experience in the field of purchasing technical documentation on the black market. In the 1970s, at least a dozen or so antibiotic manufacturing technologies were clandestinely obtained in the West and passed on to the Polish R&D and industry. The article examines the involvement of Polish intelligence in the transfer of medicines, active substances and other pharmaceutical products (including medical equipment) to Poland. The “socially useful” function of communist secret services becomes a fascinating problem in this context. The article is based partly on the documents produced or collected by the Polish foreign intelligence service in 1960–1990, which have been declassified and are now accessible to the public in the Archive of the Institute of National Remembrance.

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49

Sikora, Miroslaw. "Foreign Intelligence and Pharmaceutical Industry in Poland. Part 1." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 65, no. 4 (2020): 1202–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2020.411.

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Abstract:

In the 1960s, Polish society was still not affected by lifestyle diseases to such a large extent as in the developed countries of Western Europe. However, the statistics on cancer and cardiovascular diseases started to rise in the 1970s, along with dynamic economic development of Poland under communist party’s secretary Edward Gierek. Meanwhile, the government of the People’s Republic of Poland could not afford to invest simultaneously in all critical sectors of the economy. Particular priority was given to capital-intensive automotive and electronics industries as well as to traditional but important for Polish exports of raw materials (copper, coal). In the 1980s, as a result of the Cold War escalation along with the subsequent tightening of the strategic embargo by NATO states, and — finally — because of the gigantic foreign debt, the financial resources of Poland were reduced almost to zero. The lack of funds for research and development in the field of pharmacy and biotechnology was to be compensated for by an illegal transfer of know-how from the OECD area. Polish foreign intelligence services had already considerable experience in the field of purchasing technical documentation on the black market. In the 1970s, at least a dozen or so antibiotic manufacturing technologies were clandestinely obtained in the West and passed on to the Polish R&D and industry. The article examines the involvement of Polish intelligence in the transfer of medicines, active substances and other pharmaceutical products (including medical equipment) to Poland. The “socially useful” function of communist secret services becomes a fascinating problem in this context. The article is partly based on the documents produced or collected by the Polish foreign intelligence service in 1960–1990, which have been declassified and are now accessible to the public in the Archive of the Institute of National Remembrance.

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50

Stefansson, Hlynur, Nilay Shah, and Pall Jensson. "Multiscale planning and scheduling in the secondary pharmaceutical industry." AIChE Journal 52, no. 12 (2006): 4133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.10989.

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