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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pharmaceutical ingredients

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Academic literature on the topic 'Pharmaceutical ingredients'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pharmaceutical ingredients"

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Eremenko, Z., V. Pashynska, K. Kuznetsova, O. Shubnyi, N. Sklyar, and A. Martynov. "Microwave dielectrometer application to antibiotic concentration control in water solution." RADIOFIZIKA I ELEKTRONIKA 26, no. 3 (2021): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/rej2021.03.030.

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Subject and Purpose. This study focuses on the original waveguide-differential dielectrometer designed for complex permittivity measurements of high-loss liquids in the microwave range towards the determination of pharmaceutical ingredient concentrations in water solutions at room temperature. The suitability of the device and effectiveness of the dielectrometry method are tested on such pharmaceutical ingredients as lincomycin and levofloxacin over a wide range of concentrations. Methods and Methodology. The main idea of the method consists in that the complex propagation coefficients of the HE11 wave are obtained from the amplitude and phase shift differences acquired by the wave after it has passed through the two measuring cells of the waveguide-differential dielectrometer. Results. We have shown that the proposed dielectometry method allows a real-time determination of pharmaceutical ingredient concentrations in water solution by measuring the wave attenuation and phase shift differences. We have found that unless concentrations of pharmaceutical ingredients are low, few free water molecules in water solution are bound to the pharmaceutical ingredients. The number of free water molecules in solution decreases as the concentration of pharmaceutical ingredients rises. Conclusion. The current study confirms that the dielectometry method and the device developed provide effective determination of pharmaceutical ingredient concentrations in water solutions.

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Karpinski, P. H. "Polymorphism of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." Chemical Engineering & Technology 29, no. 2 (February 2006): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200500397.

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Selivanova, I. A. "Fractal Analysis of Lyophilized Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." Biotekhnologiya 36, no. 5 (2020): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21519/0234-2758-2020-36-5-98-103.

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The development of effective drug quality control methods based on intelligent technologies is an urgent task for pharmaceutical analysis in the context of production robotization. This is particularly topical for biotechnology-derived pharmaceutical ingredients due to the peculiarities of the analysis of these compounds and limited number of quality control methods for drugs. Fractal geometry can be a mathematical background for the creation of such method. In this work we studied the possibility of fractal geometry using for the development of rapid tests for bifidumbacterin lyophilisates. A correlation was established between the fractal dimension of the structure of the Bifidobacterium bifidum dry mixture solids with sucrose-gelatin-milk medium and the specified pharmaceutical ingredient parameters, such as drug reconstitution time (R2=0,97) and pH (R2=0,95). This work demonstrated that fractal analysis is a promising tool for automated rapid tests of lyophilized biotechnology-derived active pharmaceutical ingredients without losing the analyzed sample. fractal analysis, pharmaceutical analysis, quality control, lyophilisates, bifidumbacterin. This work was supported by the Russian Academic Excellence Project 5-100

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Horáková, Pavlína, and Kamila Kočí. "Continuous-Flow Chemistry and Photochemistry for Manufacturing of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." Molecules 27, no. 23 (December 4, 2022): 8536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238536.

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An active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is any substance in a pharmaceutical product that is biologically active. That means the specific molecular entity is capable of achieving a defined biological effect on the target. These ingredients need to meet very strict limits; chemical and optical purity are considered to be the most important ones. A continuous-flow synthetic methodology which utilizes a continuously flowing stream of reactive fluids can be easily combined with photochemistry, which works with the chemical effects of light. These methods can be useful tools to meet these strict limits. Both of these methods are unique and powerful tools for the preparation of natural products or active pharmaceutical ingredients and their precursors with high structural complexity under mild conditions. This review shows some main directions in the field of active pharmaceutical ingredients’ preparation using continuous-flow chemistry and photochemistry with numerous examples of industry and laboratory-scale applications.

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Gazi, Ayesha Siddiqua, Amena Begum, and Sumayeh Begum. "AN OVERVIEW ON PHARMACEUTICAL EXCIPIENTS- THEIR ROLES AND APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine 7, no. 12 (December 30, 2022): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2022.v07i12.005.

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Excipients play an important role in formulating a dosage form. These are the ingredients which along with Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients make up the dosage forms. Excipients act as protective agents, bulking agents and can also be used to improve bioavailability of drugs in some instances; the following review discusses the various types of excipients along with their uses. The objective of this paper is to indicate the ingredients that possess health effect that can be found in cosmetics and personal care products. The related paper was reviewed in terms of the chemicals that commonly identified in the cosmetic and personal care product. This paper also highlighted the health risk possesses by such ingredients in the products. As we know that dosage form is a combination of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and excipients therefore it is clear that any pharmaceutical dosage forms cannot be formulated without the use of excipients. Excipients are the major part of formulation. They do not show any adverse effect but promotes the therapeutic activity of pharmaceutical product. Synthetic excipients have some toxic properties so the uses of natural excipients are coming in the picture. This review shows the uses of natural excipients in modern time and in medicinal sciences.

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Terekhov, Roman Petrovich, Denis Igorevich Pankov, Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Anfinogenova, and Irina Anatolievna Selivanova. "Polymorphism control of active pharmaceutical ingredients." Farmacevticheskoe delo i tehnologija lekarstv (Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology), no. 6 (September 15, 2021): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-13-2112-03.

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Рolymorphism is receiving increasing attention due to its influence on the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) while maintaining the molecular structure. This review is devoted to the problem of APIs phase state control both at the development stage and during the circulation of the drug. The term «polymorphism» has different definitions depending on the branch of science. There is no unambiguous solution to this issue in the regulatory documentation of pharmaceutical industry either. Based on the analysis of literary sources, the article presents a comparison of pharmacopeia methods, recommended in Russian and foreign regulatory documents for the analysis of polymorphism of medicinal substances, including state pharmacopeias of Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, the USA, and Japan, as well as international pharmacopeias of the European Economic Union and the Eurasian Economic Union. The trend on using a complex of high-tech equipment is revealed. A systematic approach to analysis based on X-ray diffraction, thermal, spectral, microscopic, biological, and physical methods for determining constants makes it possible not only to identify the polymorphic modification of API, but also to characterize its structure, morphology, physicochemical properties and pharmacological activity. In the Russian Federation, the phenomenon of polymorphism is being studied especially intensively, and some control methods, such as biological methods, are validated only in Russian pharmacopeia. A promising direction for further research is the improvement and harmonization of regulatory documentation within the framework of this chemical and technological field of pharmacy. A global approach will help to reduce not only the probability of poor-quality products entering the market, but also the costs of establishing the authenticity of the active pharmaceutical ingredient produced.

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Zompra, Aikaterini A., Athanassios S. Galanis, Oleg Werbitzky, and Fernando Albericio. "Manufacturing peptides as active pharmaceutical ingredients." Future Medicinal Chemistry 1, no. 2 (May 2009): 361–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc.09.23.

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Farina, Vittorio, Jonathan T. Reeves, Chris H. Senanayake, and Jinhua J. Song. "Asymmetric Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." Chemical Reviews 106, no. 7 (July 2006): 2734–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr040700c.

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Brinkmann, Joscha, Fabian Huxoll, Christian Luebbert, and Gabriele Sadowski. "Solubility of pharmaceutical ingredients in triglycerides." European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 145 (December 2019): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.10.012.

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Ferraz, Ricardo, Luís C. Branco, Cristina Prudêncio, João Paulo Noronha, and Željko Petrovski. "Ionic Liquids as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." ChemMedChem 6, no. 6 (May 9, 2011): 975–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmdc.201100082.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pharmaceutical ingredients"

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Colli, Corrado. "Industrial crystallisation and polymorphism of active pharmaceutical ingredients." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442086.

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Smith, Kenneth Baird. "Crystallisation of active pharmaceutical ingredients using ionic liquids." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6039/.

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It is proposed that Ionic Liquids offer a new opportunity for exploration into a novel medium for processing Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, particularly with respect to habit control and polymorphic form. A review of relevant literature relating to ionic liquids properties, commercial applications and current research has been summarised together with background into fundamental crystallisation theory. Crystallisations using thermal methods were employed at laboratory scale and the physical properties of the resultant powders were analysed and compared to commonly encountered crystal forms. For paracetamol it was found that the morphology of the crystals could be manipulated, producing in some cases, habits not reported for conventional organic solvent crystallisation. This was achieved through changing both the IL used and the saturation of the system whilst in all cases retaining the most stable polymorph. ILs ILs to be ‘designed’ for a given API but greater understanding of the interactions between IL and solute are required first. Properties such as increased solvation power, thermal stability, liquidus range and low vapour pressure bring a number of advantages when designing industrial crystallisations. However ILs also have a number of disadvantages including phase separation problems.

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Dogbe, Selasi Cudjoe. "Predictive milling of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17937/.

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Spiral jet milling is a size reduction process used in various industries, ranging from paints to food and pharmaceuticals. It has great benefit in the pharmaceutical industry due to its ability to reduce particulate solids to micron sizes and narrow size distributions. Despite its heavy usage, the underlying size reduction mechanism of the mill is not well understood. However it is generally known that the milling behaviour is dependent on the grinding conditions of the mill, as well as the materials physical and mechanical properties. The system is also very energy inefficient. In this work the milling behaviour of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients in the spiral jet mill has been analysed based on their mechanical properties, as established from the Ghadiri and Zhang semi-brittle breakage model. Using the Single Particle Impact Test Rig, the breakability index (αH/KC2) of three pharmaceutical materials (paracetamol, aspirin, and α-lactose monohydrate) is determined. It is shown that the order of breakability is paracetamol > aspirin > α-lactose monohydrate. For milling studies the Hosokawa Alpine Aeroplex Spiral Jet Mill 50AS is used. The change in specific surface area (ΔSSA) due to milling is quantified by size analysis and related to the breakability indices. The order of ΔSSA is α-lactose monohydrate > paracetamol > aspirin at high grinding pressure conditions. The loading of particles in the grinding chamber of the mill is found to be an important characteristic for the classification of milled materials in addition to the effects of centrifugal and drag forces. Numerical simulations have been carried out and used to analyse the behaviour of the spiral jet mill. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics, the mechanics of internal particle classification by size of the 50AS has been analysed. Particles of 2 µm and less are shown to be classified. The Discrete Element Method is coupled with Computational Fluid Dynamics to investigate the effect of grinding conditions and particle properties on the particle motion and fluid-particle energy transfer, including gas pressure, the number of particles and the particle size distribution. A very small amount of energy is transferred to the particles from the fluid, highlighting the energy inefficiency of the system. Interparticle interactions are found to have a greater amount of dissipated energy compared to particle-wall interactions, which suggests interparticle collisions are the primary source of particle breakage. The majority of the stress exerted on the particles is close to the wall of the mill, with the normal stress being greater than the shear stress. A very low proportion of particles are found to be in contact at a given time, indicating particle breakage occurs from instantaneous collisions rather than particles shearing against each other. Finally the potential for scale-up of the spiral jet mill is investigated based on the fluid power input to the system. There is a good comparison of the ΔSSA of α-lactose monohydrate milled in four different mills at similar fluid power input conditions. Two of the mills are the 50AS and the Hosokawa Alpine Piconizer (33 AS), and the other two are of different design but with internal diameters of 2 inches and 4 inches, i.e. roughly similar size to the Hosokawa mills. The latter two mills had a greater fluid power as the grinding nozzle diameters are larger than the Hosokawa mills.

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Mazura, Sergiy. "Effect of active pharmaceutical ingredients on superoxide dismutase." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13082.

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Tan, Li Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Heterogeneous nucleation of active pharmaceutical ingredients on polymers : applications in continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101511.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 92-105).
In this thesis work, we aimed to explore crystallization processes for small molecule API compounds based on engineered polymer surfaces that could be used in continuous manufacturing. First, we identified a library of polymers that can be used and selected PVA as the model polymer based on its solution and film properties. We also illustrated a rational approach for designing and fabricating PVA film surfaces for increasing heterogeneous nucleation rate of different compounds and enable polymorph selection. The design philosophy was to select prevalent angles between major faces of crystals according to a selection of compounds, and to create substrate surfaces with indentations that include these angles. Nucleation induction time trends showed that heterogeneous nucleation rates were accelerated by at least an order of magnitude in the presence of PVA due to the favorable interactions between the model compounds and the polymer. Nucleation rates were further increased for patterned substrates with matching geometries. Surface indentations with non-matching angles resulted in faster nucleation rates than flat films but slower than matching geometries because they only increased the effective area of the films and their roughness. X-ray diffraction was used to reveal faces that preferentially interacted with the PVA side chains and to deduce possible arrangement of solute molecules at the corners of the indentations. Combining X-ray data and morphology of the crystal product, we suggest that matching geometries on the substrate enhanced nucleation of compounds. In addition to enhancing nucleation rate, polymorph selection was possible in the presence of the polymer substrate to yield a higher percentage of thermodynamically stable gamma indomethacin. Offline Raman experiments and in-line morphology determination confirmed that polymorph control of the final crystal product via kinetic control of the nucleation process was viable. For the aspirin system, the 85 degree angle lead to the highest rate of nucleation; for the polymorphic indomethacin system, XRPD results showed that gamma form preferentially formed on the PVA films with 65 and 80 degree angles leading to the largest reduction in nucleation induction time. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation showed that a crystallizer incorporating both nucleation and crystal growth in the absence of active mass transfer would have too small a throughput and too large a footprint to be useful. The main reasons were long average nucleation induction times and slow crystal growth in the absence of convection. A set of batch desupersaturation experiments showed that mass transfer limited growth dominate the crystal growth kinetics at low supersaturations when nucleation events were suppressed. An increase in the bulk fluid velocity increased the effective growth kinetics in the system when mass transfer kinetics dominated. Steady state modeling based on the first principle approach was performed using a combination of Navier Stokes Equations and diffusion-convection mass transport equations. The modeling result demonstrated that for mass transfer from a moving fluid to a stationary surface, a thin momentum and concentration boundary layer existed at the leading edge, which resulted in much higher local mass transfer rates. In the absence of momentum boundary layers, mass transfer could only occur via diffusion, which resulted in slow growth kinetics. The first principle model was used to derive dimensionless number correlations for the continuous crystallizer.
by Li Tan.
Ph. D.

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Almeida, Hugo F. D. "Treatment of aqueous effluents contaminated with active pharmaceutical ingredients." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/78785.

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"The need to significantly improve human living conditions led to a large increase in the worldwide consumption of pharmaceutical drugs. Over the past few years, the development of advanced analytical tools and investigations on wastewater samples confirmed the presence of residual amounts of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), sewage treatment plants (STPs), groundwater and drinking water. Even at low concentrations (ng.L-1 – μg.L-1), the regular contact and ingeston of APIs can lead to deleterious effects towards living organisms. Numerous studies demonstrated that APIs present in WWTPs are a matter of concern towards wildlife and public health. Given the widespread occurance of these drugs in aquatic ecossystems and their deleterious effects, the development of strategies able to mitigate their introduction in the aquatic environment is of great importance.(...)"
N/A

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Depasquale, Roberto. "Mechanical activation of secondary processed orally inhaled active pharmaceutical ingredients." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665449.

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The physicochemical properties and surface chemistry of orally inhaled active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) are critical to the quality attributes of dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations. The requirement to reduce the particle size distribution of the APIs to a respirable range, largely performed through air-jet micronisation, imparts large amounts of energy to the drug particles, which together with particle fracture and size reduction, it is accompanied by the generation of structural defects and, at the limit, the formation of amorphous regions. This is known as mechanical activation, which may cause instability in the physicochemical properties and interfacial chemistry at the particle surface as it undergoes structural relaxation. During the thermodynamically driven relaxation process, differing drug properties may lead to DPI formulations with unpredictable formulation structure and product functionality. A fundamental understanding of the structural relaxation dynamics is therefore essential in the development and commercialisation of a quality-by-design led inhalation product. This thesis investigated the structural relaxation dynamics of micronised fluticasone propionate (FP), salmeterol xinafoate (SX) and glycopyrrolate bromide (GLY). Physicochemical properties and surface interfacial chemistry, via cohesive-adhesive balance (CAB) measurements, of micronised drug are assessed as a function of environmental stressed laagering over well-defined periods of time and in situ conditioning in hydrofluoroalkane (HFA). The influence of these dynamics upon DPI performance was also examined in both binary (FP, SX, GLY) and tertiary formulations (FP-SX). The results indicated how structural relaxation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic APIs trigger off different stress relaxation pathways with different sensitivities to laagering conditions. These data suggested that the introduction of a post-micronisation conditioning step may expedite structural relaxation of hydrophobic APIs. Whilst the physical properties of hydrophobic APIs are largely unaffected by mechanical activation, surface interfacial chemistry governing inter-particulate forces between API and the lactose carrier is directly affected by environmental conditions of temperature and relative humidity during structural relaxation. The study also showed the potential use of post-micronisation conditioning to tailor the surface chemistry properties of APIs. For hydrophilic APIs, data suggested that post-micronisation conditioning is essential in enabling physical and chemical stability of inhaled formulations. Furthermore, in vitro aerosolisation studies suggested that the aerodynamic particle size distribution and fine particle mass were directly affected by post-micronisation laagering conditions. The importance of generating a well defined, understood and controlled design space throughout product development dictates the need for more robust API processing prior to DPI formulation. This work highlights how a tailored post-micronisation laagering strategy can have a significant effect on physicochemical and interfacial properties as well as product performance of binary and tertiary carrier based DPI formulations.

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Wang, Alan. "Quality Management System implementation for repackagers of active pharmaceutical ingredients." Thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10020158.

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Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) repackagers play a niche, yet critical role in the expansive pharmaceuticals industry. Many repackagers have sub-optimally implemented quality management systems (QMS) leading to sub-optimal performance and elevated risks. This study sets out to demonstrate a strategy to strengthen the case for quality for this industry sector. Dr. Deming's Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle serves as the study's framework, while Phil Crosby's Quality Is Free philosophy forms the theoretical basis. An archival measure of FDA Warning Letters concerning APIs has been performed to bring a considerable failure cost factor to the forefront. A statistical analysis has been performed on data available from the study's pilot firm to demonstrate relationships between quality-related and revenue performance indicators in order to present a bottom-line approach preferred by management. Results from the study indicate a linkage between QMS factors and business outcomes and call for improved understanding, increased support, and a push towards QMS maturation.

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Nyamayaro, Kudzanai. "Dissolution control of highly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients via cocrystallisation." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2673.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemistry))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
Crystal engineering involves the manipulation of intermolecular interactions to design functionalised crystalline materials and has proved to be an effective tool for the modification of physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). In the first section of this study, the aim was to systematically influence the rate of dissolution of a highly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredient using crystal engineering principles. Salicylic acid (SA) was employed as a model API to form multicomponent crystals with a series of selected cinchona alkaloids, namely quinine (QUIN), quinidine (QUID), cinchonine (CINC), cinchonidine (CIND), N-benzylquininium chloride (NBQUIN), N-benzylcinchonidinium chloride (NBCIND) and N-benzylcinchoninium chloride (NBCINC). The resulting novel crystalline forms were found to be salts, and were characterised using single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The dissolution profiles of the salicylate salts, measured from an aqueous media using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, show a significant decrease in the rate of dissolution of SA. Subsequently, Hirshfeld surface analysis was used as a tool for quantitative and qualitative comparison of the crystal structures. This study indicates that the rate of dissolution can be successfully influenced by methodically adding extra hydrophobic groups onto the coformer. In the second section, we applied the information obtained from the SA studies to acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin, ASA). We sought to improve its thermal stability and dissolution via the formation of new solid forms with the aforementioned cinchona alkaloids. We successfully synthesized a novel drug-drug salt of an analgesic, non-steroidal antiinflammatory and antipyretic drug (ASA), and an antimalarial and analgesic drug (QUIN). The salt was formed both by using solution methods and liquid assisted grinding - a green chemistry technique. The salt exhibited physicochemical properties different from the parent drugs, and a reduced rate of dissolution.
National Research Foundation(NRF)

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Weyna, David Rudy. "Crystal Engineering of Multiple Component Crystal Forms of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3406.

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Enhancing the physicochemical properties of solid-state materials through crystal engineering enables optimization of these materials without covalent modification. Cocrystals have become a reliable means to generate novel crystalline forms with multiple components and they exhibit different physicochemical properties compared to the individual components. This dissertation exemplifies methodologies to generate cocrystals of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API's) based upon knowledge of supramolecular interactions (supramolecular synthons), while focusing on enhanced delivery through in vitro and in vivo processes with both salts and cocrystals respectively. The utility of mechanochemistry involving small amounts of an appropriate solvent, or solvent drop grinding (SDG), has been shown to reliably reproduce cocrystals with the anti-convulsant carbamazepine that were originally obtained by solution crystallization. This technique has been confirmed as a reliable screening method using solvents in which both components exhibit some solubility. The benefits of this technique lie in the time and cost efficiency associated with it as well as its inherently small environmental impact making it a "Green" method. SDG was also used as an efficient way to discover cocrystals of the anti-inflammatory meloxicam with carboxylic acids after analysis of existing reports and the analysis of structural data from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) to guide the choice of coformer. It has been shown that SDG can be used to screen for cocrystalline forms that are also obtainable by solution crystallization which is important in later stage development and manufacturing including but not limited to large scale up processes. Single crystals suitable for single crystal X-ray diffraction were obtained with meloxicam and two of the coformers, fumaric and succinic acid. Some of the meloxicam cocrystals exhibited enhanced pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles in rats exemplifying significantly higher serum concentrations after only fifteen minutes and consistently higher exposure over the time studied while others maintained lower exposure. This reveals that cocrystals can fine tune the PK profile of meloxicam in order to reduce or enhance exposure. Two different sulfonate salts, 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate (p-phenolsulfonate) and 4-chlorobenzenesulfonate, of the anti-spastic agent (R,S) baclofen were developed by strategically interrupting the intramolecularly stabilized zwitterionic structure of baclofen. This zwitterionic structure results in low solubility associated with physiological pH required for intrathecal administration. Structural data for both salts in the form of single crystal X-ray diffraction data was successfully obtained. Solubility based on baclofen was assessed and shown to increase in pure water and at pH's 1 and 7. Only the 4-chlorobenzenesulonate salt maintained an increased solubility over two days at pH 7 making it a viable candidate for further study in terms of intrathecal administration. During crystallization experiments with (R,S) baclofen two polymorphic forms of the baclofen lactam were generated, Forms II and III. Both forms are conformational polymorphs confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction and Form II has a Z' of 4 with an unusual arrangement of enantiomers.

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Books on the topic "Pharmaceutical ingredients"

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Burke, Anthony J., Carolina S. Marques, Nicholas J. Turner, and Gesine J. Hermann, eds. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Synthesis. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527807253.

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Active pharmaceutical ingredients: Development, manufacturing, and regulation. 2nd ed. New York: Informa Healthcare, 2010.

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Stanley, Nusim, ed. Active pharmaceutical ingredients: Development, manufacturing, and regulation. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2005.

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Rotheim, Philip. Inert ingredients for drugs. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1997.

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Rotheim, Philip. Inert ingredients for drugs. Norwalk, CT (25 Van Zant St., Norwalk 06855): Business Communications Co., 1993.

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Rotheim, Philip. Inert ingredients for drugs. Norwalk, Conn., U.S.A: Business Communications, 1987.

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Pitts, Eamonn. Evaluation of marketing opportunities for dairy product ingredients in the medical pharmaceutical market. Dublin: An Foras Taluntais, 1987.

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M, Pagliaro Ann, ed. Drug reference guide to brand names and active ingredients. St. Louis: Mosby, 1986.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. Federal and state role in pharmacy compounding and reconstitution: Exploring the right mix to protect patients : hearing before the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session, on examining state and federal oversight to ensure the safety and quality of drug compounding--the process of mixing, combining, or altering ingredients to create a customized medication for an individual patient--by pharmacies, October 23, 2003. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2004.

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Nusim, Stanley. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Taylor & Francis Group, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pharmaceutical ingredients"

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Near, Joseph C. "Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." In Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceuticals, 217–26. Seventh edition. | Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315120669-15.

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Chatterjee, Parnali, and Mohammed M. Alvi. "Excipients and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." In Pediatric Formulations, 347–61. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8011-3_24.

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Agalloco, James, and Phil DeSantis. "Validation of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." In Handbook of Validation in Pharmaceutical Processes, 567–78. 4th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003163138-36.

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Zhang, Xue-Ming. "Analysis of Pharmaceutical Inactive Ingredients." In Analytical Method Validation and Instrument Performance Verification, 85–94. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471463728.ch6.

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Asif, Erfan Syed. "Finding and Partnering Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Vendor." In Pharmaceutical Vendors Approval Manual, 1–12. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003189145-1.

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Siahaan, Evi Amelia, Ratih Pangestuti, and Se-Kwon Kim. "Seaweeds: Valuable Ingredients for the Pharmaceutical Industries." In Grand Challenges in Marine Biotechnology, 49–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69075-9_2.

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Moshikur, Rahman Md, and Masahiro Goto. "Ionic Liquids as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs)." In Application of Ionic Liquids in Drug Delivery, 13–33. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4365-1_2.

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Asif, Erfan Syed. "Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guidance for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." In Pharmaceutical Vendors Approval Manual, 127–48. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003189145-16.

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Aytekin, Y. Samet, Mustafa Köktürk, and Okan Esenturk. "Analysis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients by Terahertz Spectroscopy." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics, 69–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1093-8_10.

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Daouk, Silwan, Nathalie Chèvre, Nathalie Vernaz, Youssef Daali, and Sandrine Fleury-Souverain. "Prioritization of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Hospital Wastewater." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 49–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pharmaceutical ingredients"

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de Salvi, S. T. B., N. F. Perrucci, S. G. Antonio, and C. O. Paiva-Santos. "PONKCS FOR QPA IN PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS." In International Symposium on Crystallography. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/phypro-sic100-038.

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Aytekin, Yusuf Samet, Mustafa Kokturk, Adam Zaczek, Timothy M. Korter, Edwin J. Heilwei, and Okan Esenturk. "Optical Properties of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Terahertz Region." In 2019 44th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2019.8874394.

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Arpagaus, Cordin. "Nano spray drying of pharmaceuticals." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7356.

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Spray drying plays a crucial role in the processing of pharmaceutical products such as pills, capsules, and tablets as it is used to convert drug containing liquids into dried powdered forms. Nano spray drying is in particular used to improve drug formulation by encapsulating active ingredients in polymeric wall materials for protection and delivering the drugs to the right place and time in the body. The nano spray dryer developed in the recent years extends the spectrum of produced powder particles to the submicron- and nanoscale with very narrow size distributions and sample quantities in the milligram scale at high product yields. This enables the economical use of expensive active pharmaceutical ingredients and pure drugs. The present paper explains the concept of nano spray drying and discusses the influence of the main process parameters on the final powder properties like particle size, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, and drug loading. Application results of nano spray drying for the formulation and encapsulation of different drugs are reviewed. Keywords: nano spray drying; pharmaceuticals; drug encapsulation; particle size; powder

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Madonov, Pavel, Tatjana Popova, Lubov Rachkovskaya, Svetlana Michurina, Margarita Robinson, Edmond Rachkovsky, Irina Ishchenko, Alexander Lykov, Anna Shurlygina, and Olga Poveshchenko. "Aluminum and Silica Containing Porous Carrier for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." In 2019 International Multi-Conference on Engineering, Computer and Information Sciences (SIBIRCON). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sibircon48586.2019.8958448.

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Davydova, N. K. "«STRUCTURE – ACTIVITY» RELATIONSHIP OF ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS NIBENTAN AND NIFERIDYL." In NOVEL TECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE, BIOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY AND ECOLOGY. Institute of information technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47501/978-5-6044060-2-1.123-126.

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Silva-Reis, Sara C., Ivo E. Sampaio-Dias, Xerardo García-Mera, and José E. Rodríguez-Borges. "Rescuing of neuroprotective peptides by chemical conjugation with lipophilic active pharmaceutical ingredients." In 6th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc2020-07484.

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West, Channing, Justin Neill, Leo Joyce, Haifeng Yang, Brooks Pate, and Patrick Kelleher. "ISOTOPOMER DISTRIBUTION IN DEUTERATED ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS MEASURED BY MOLECULAR ROTATIONAL RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY." In 2020 International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2020.ri09.

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Gieszinger, Péter, Rita Ambrus, and Piroska Szabó-Révész. "Nasal formulation of active ingredients to induce systemic and central nervous systemic effects." In I. Symposium of Young Researchers on Pharmaceutical Technology,Biotechnology and Regulatory Science. Szeged: Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/syrptbrs.2019.op19.

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Ornik, Jan, Daniel Knoth, Cornelia M. Keck, and Martin Koch. "Potential of THz-TDS for Crystallinity State Inspection of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in SmartFilms®." In 2020 45th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz46771.2020.9370575.

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Shi, Xiaolei. "3D Printing of Gelatin/Alginate Based Hydrocolloids as Delivery Systems for Food and Pharmaceutical Applications." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/oyjy1031.

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3D printing technology has been applied in bioprinting to fabricate three-dimensional matrices to upload living cells, biomaterials, and active ingredients, thus protecting the encapsulated active compounds. Food-grade, protein-based hydrocolloids such as gelatin, collagen, and carrageenan have been used as bioprinting materials and thickening/gelling agents commonly used in the food industry; however, the research of this area is still in its infancy. The objective of this series of studies was to investigate the feasibility of developing a 3D printed, hydrocolloid-based delivery system for active ingredients in the areas of food and pharmaceutical applications. Hydrogels were prepared using alginate and gelatin (A/G) with total solids (w/w%) of 3%, 5%, and 7% at A/G ratios of 1/2, 1/1, and 2/1. The 3D printability was assessed by flow ramp test and frequency sweep. After 3D printing, freeze-drying was conducted to solidify and dehydrate the hydrogels. Hydrogels with formulations of 3% A/G 1/2, 5% A/G 1/1, and 7% A/G 2/1 demonstrated shear-thinning flow behavior, and viscoelasticity of storage modulus (GÊ¹) higher than loss modulus (GÊº), with a loss factor (tan= GÊº/GÊ¹) in the range of 0.50-0.60 at the frequency sweep of 15-40 rad/s. The freeze-dried matrices demonstrated significantly increased hardness and crunchiness, which indicated that the novel matrix had distinguished texture properties. In one study, Bifidobacterium lactis at 10^11 CFU/g was encapsulated within alginate/gelatin hydrogels, 3D printed into tear-drop shapes, and followed by freeze-drying. The results demonstrated that the probiotics encapsulated in the novel matrix have the potential to maintain > 10^6 CFU/g during an 8-week shelf-life test conducted at ambient temperature. This study validated that this 3D-printed, hydrogel-based matrix has the potential to be used as a convenient, shelf-stable delivery system for active ingredients.

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